AmaHedgehogs angamaqhawe wezinganekwane eziningi namakhathuni; bebelokhu ejwayelekile kithi sonke kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ehlobo, lapho ilanga selishonile, lezi zilwane ezithokozisayo zingahlangatshezwa kuphela emaphethelweni ehlathi, kodwa futhi nasemigwaqweni ethule yedolobhana, emapaki amadolobha, kanye nasezivandeni lapho zifuna khona ukudla - amabhungane, izibungu kanye nezinye izidumbu.

Ahlala kuphi ama-hedgehogs?

IHedgehogs yavela Emhlabeni ngaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-15 ezedlule. Namuhla bahlala eNtshonalanga naseCentral Europe, ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia, New Zealand, Scandinavia, Kazakhstan. Zitholakala naseMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia. Zincamela ukuhlala emahlathini aqobayo, izimbotshana nezihlahla. Ezitshalweni ezinde ezinotshani, izimpande zezihlahla ezindala, zingacasha ezitheni (izimpungushe, izikhova, izingulube zasendle, amaqhude, amabhulukwe nezinsimbi). Gwema amasheya aminyene we-coniffort, izindawo zezintaba nezinezixhaphozi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emaqeleni asogwadule owomile wase-Afrika nase-Middle East.

Izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs

Umndeni we-hedgehog (u-Erinaceidae) ubandakanya imindeni engezansi emibili: i-Ezhinie, noma i-hedgehogs yangempela (i-Erinaceinae), ne-anthem (Galericinae) (okubizwa ngokuthi ama-hedgehogs). Ama-Gymnastics, ngokungafani nama-hedgehogs wangempela ambozwe ngenaliti, ancishwa "umhlobiso" onjalo.

Ama-hedgehogs angaphansi kwe-subfamily ahlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-15 zama-hedgehogs ngohlobo ezine:

Abamele lolu hlobo lwe-hedgehog lwase-Afrika:

1. I-Algerian,
2. Amhlophe qhwa
3. IsiSomaliya,
4. WaseNingizimu Afrika.

Izinhlobo ezi-2 zingeyama-urus Steppe urchins:

Uhlobo lwe-hedgehogs yase-Yurasi lubandakanya:

1. I-Eastern European
2. Amur
3. Okujwayelekile noma kwe-European.

IGenus Eared Hedgehogs:

1. I-Apodal,
2. UmNdiya,
3. Kuhlanganisiwe
4. Inaliti emnyama
5. UmTopiya,
6. IHedgehog yesikhathi eside

E-fauna yaseRussia, kutholakala izinhlobo ezintathu zalezi zilwane: ezivamile (i-hedgehog yaseYurophu), iDaurian hedgehog ne-eared hedgehog. I-hedgehog evamile yizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke.

I-hedgehog ye-eared inesisindo esicishe sibe yingxenye yesinye. Ulithethelela ngokuphelele igama lakhe: izindlebe zakhe zinde impela. E-Russia, isatshalaliswa esifundeni iLower Volga, eNyakatho neCaucasus, eTuva. Imininingwane engaphezulu nge-eared hedgehog ingatholakala kule ndatshana.

I-Daurian hedgehog inkulu kune-eyred, isembozo esinameva ekhanda asihlukaniswa ngokuhlukaniswa, njengase-European hedgehog. Kuthunyelwe eTransbaikalia. Ihluka kwezinye izinhlobo ngoba esimweni sezulu esinamafu iyasebenza nasesikhathini sasemini.

Uma ufuna ukuba ne-hedgehog yasekhaya

Izinhlobo ezinjenge-African belly-bellies for ukugcina ekhaya zikulungele kakhulu kune-hedgehog (European) ejwayelekile. I-Dwarf African Hedgehog - uhlobo olunenzalo, olufuywe kahle ngokulungiswa ekhaya. Mncane kakhulu kunaseYurophu ejwayelekile ngathi, akaphumeli iphunga, unobungani futhi akazifihli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa be-hedgehog yabesilisa abamhlophe abamaki le ndawo, futhi izilinganiso zabesifazane azibalulekile.

Izici zangaphandle ze-hedgehogs

Ubude bomzimba bungu-14-30 cm, umsila ucishe ube ngu-3 cm. Ubukhulu be-hedgehog buya ngokuthi isilwane sivela emvelaphi yase-Afrika noma yaseYurophu. Ama-hedgehogs ase-Afrika akhula aze afike ku-24 cm, ama-hedgehogs ase-Europe akhula abe makhulu - aze afike ku-30 ​​cm. Anesisindo kusuka ku-0.7 kuya ku-1,2 kg. Isisindo sezilwane sincike enkathini: ekwindla yibo abondleka kakhulu.

Umbala wama-hedgehogs ungahluka kancane. Ingxenye ephezulu imvame ukuba nsundu ngombala ngamathiphu anemibala ekhanyayo yezinaliti, kepha ingaba mnyama noma ibe mhlophe. Isisu, ngokuya ngezinhlobo, sinsundu, mpunga noma simnyama, sivame ukuba nebala elimhlophe esifubeni. Ikhanda nesisu kumbozwe izinwele ezinohlonze, ezivumela ama-hedgehogs ukuthi angazikhaleli ngenaliti lapho egoqa ibhola. Amaphayi anemichilo ebukhali, imilenze yangemuva kancane kunangaphambili. Kuneminwe emi-5 onyaweni ngalunye.

AmaHedgehogs ane-muzzle yeselula ende, amehlo amnyama ayindilinga nezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga. Izinwele ezisebusweni ziyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe okuphuzi kuya koku nsundu okumnyama. Ikhala elibukhali lama-hedgehogs, njengekhala lezinja, lihlala limanzi.

Imizimba eminingi yezilwane imbozwe ngenaliti ifinyelela kumasentimitha amathathu ubude. Izinaliti zisebenzela izilwane njengezivikelo ezinhle ezitheni eziningi: zikhuphuke ngebhola elinamahlwili, i-hedgehog iba cishe ingahlaseli ezidlameni. Engxenyeni ephakathi yekhanda kukhona umucu ongamboziwe ngeenaliti noma izinwele.

Izinaliti zeHedgehog

Izinaliti “ikhadi lokuvakasha” lama-hedgehogs; amboza ingxenye engemuva nenhla yezinhlangothi zesilwane. Ama-hedgehogs abantu abadala anenaliti ezingaphezu kuka-5,000. Izinaliti ziyizinwele eziguquliwe. Ezinhlangothini zesilwane ungabona izinaliti ezonda kakhulu nezinwele eziminyene, okubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwabanye.

Izinaliti zeHedgehog zilula futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, ngayinye inamakamelo amaningi amancane omoya, ahlukaniswe omunye nomunye ngamapuleti amancane. Eduze kwesisekelo, izinaliti zithambisa entanyeni emincane eguqukayo, bese zinwebeka futhi ebhola elincane lihleli esikhunjeni. Isisetshenziswa esinjalo sinomthelela ekutheni noma yimuphi umthwalo wangaphandle ezinalwaneni (ngokwesibonelo, ukushaqeka lapho kuwa) kuholela ekugoqweni kwengxenye yawo emincane engahambeki, futhi hhayi ekungenisweni kwesisekelo sezinaliti emzimbeni we-hedgehog. Imisipha emincane ixhumeke kwisisekelo senalithi ngayinye, okuletha endaweni ethe nkqo. Imvamisa le misipha ivuselelwa futhi izinaliti ziyasulwa. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, i-hedgehog ayisho masinyane ebhola, ekuqaleni imane iphakamise izinaliti ilinde ukuthi usongo ludlule. Izinaliti ezikhulisiwe ezinezeluleko ezibukhali zinamathela ezinhlangothini ezihlukile emagumbini ahlukene, zinqamula zilandelana, okudala ukuthi kube nezikhali ezingavunyelwe.

Ngabe i-hedgehog igobela kanjani ebholeni?

Wonke umuntu uyazi amandla e-hedgehogs ukuncipha ebholeni elinomdlandla. Kepha bakwenza kanjani? Into ekhona ukuthi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sabo kunemisipha enamandla, ethuthukiswa kakhulu ezinhlangothini kunaphakathi enkabeni, yakha indandatho evaliwe - umsipha oyindilinga. Lapho izinkontileka zemisipha eyindilinga, isebenza njengentambo edonsa lapho kuvulwa isikhwama. Lapho i-hedgehog iqala ukugoba, izicubu ezimbili ezincane kuqala ukucindezela isikhumba ngesembozo senaliti kanye nomsipha wendandatho olele ngaphansi kwalo esifubeni nasezinhlangothini, bese kuthi izinkontileka zemisipha eyindilinga, ikhanda nomhlane kucindezelwe zibhekane ngamandla, kanti nezinaliti zimboza ngokuqinile izingxenye ezingavikelekile zomzimba. Le divayisi isebenza kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwizimpungushe, izinja, ama-raccoon, izinyoni ezidla inyama.

Izinaliti ngokungangabazeki isivikelo esihle. Kodwa-ke, azigcini ama-hedgehogs ezinhlamvwini ezincane eziphuza igazi; kunalokho, zithanda umsebenzi wazo obalulekile ezilwaneni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isembozo senalithi esingangeneki asivumeli i-hedgehogs ukuthi ihlanzwe. Ezinye izilwane ziba yisikhumulo sezinkulungwane zamazeze nezinqwaba zemikhaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hedgehogs ahlushwa i-mycoses.

Ukubukeka

I-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyisilwane esincane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungama-20-30 cm, umsila - cishe isisindo somzimba esingu-3 cm - 700-800 g. Izindlebe zincane (ngokuvamile zingaphansi kuka-3.5 cm). Isibalo sisondele. Ikhala lesilwane libukhali futhi lihlala limanzi njalo. Ama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile ahlala eCyprus anezindlebe ezinkulu. Emhlathini ongenhla, ama-hedgehogs anamazinyo amancane abukhali angama-20, kuthi ongaphansi - 16. Izisusa ezingenhla zigxunyekwe kabanzi, zishiya indawo yokulunywa yizinsini ezingezansi. Ikhanda likhulu ngokulinganayo, libunjiwe njenge-wedge, elinengxenye yobuso ephakeme kancane. Ngama-paws, iminwe emi-5 enezikhafu ezibukhali. Izingalo ezisemuva zinde kunangaphambili. Izinaliti ze-hedgehog ezejwayelekile zimfishane, zingabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amathathu .. ekhanda, izinaliti zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili “ngokuhlukaniswa”. Ingaphezulu lezinaliti libushelelezi, umbala wazo uhlanganiswa ngokushintshana ngamabhande ansundu kanye nokukhanya. Ngasemuva, ezinhlangothini nasekhanda, izinaliti zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-2. Ngaphakathi zingenalutho, zigcwele umoya. Izinaliti zikhula ngesilinganiso esifanayo nezinwele. Phakathi kwezinaliti kunezinwele ezimfishane, ezinde, ezikhexekile. Ikhanda nesisu kumbozwe ngenwele ezihlanganayo futhi ngokuvamile zinombala omnyama. Ema-hedgehogs amadala, ngokuvamile izinaliti eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5-6, kubantu abasebasha cishe abayizinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ebusweni, emilenzeni naseziswini zama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile, umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe ophuzi kuya kinsundu omnyama. Izinaliti ezi-brownish ngemivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo. Isifuba nomphimbo we-hedgehog ziqinile ngombala, ngaphandle kwamabala amhlophe ahlukile. AmaHedgehogs ahlala eSpain anombala onsomi.

Habitat

I-hedgehog ejwayelekile ehlala ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu, igwema ukubhukuda okubanzi namahlathi e-coniffort aqhubekayo. Ama-prefers onqenqemeni, amakhophi, ama-glade amancane, izifufula zezikhukhula zemifula. Kungenzeka ihlale eduze kwendoda. EYurophu, i-hedgehog ejwayelekile ingatholakala emahlathini avulekile, emathafeni otshani, ezihlahleni, ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi ngisho nasemapaki.

Indlela yokuphila

I-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyisilwane esisebenza ebusuku. Akathandi ukushiya ikhaya lakhe isikhathi eside. IHedgehogs ichitha usuku esidlekeni noma kwenye indawo yokukhosela.

Izinduna zakhiwa emahlahleni, emigodini, emihumeni, emiseleni elahliweyo yamagundane noma ezimpandeni zezihlahla. Imvamisa, isidleke singamasentimitha angama-15- 20 cm; siqukethe udoti owomile noma amaqabunga, ummbila. Ngosizo lweminwe emide ephakathi, ama-hedgehogs anakekela imisipha yawo. Izilwane zesifuba zikhotha ulimi. Abesilisa banolaka komunye nomunye, baqaphe amasayithi abo ngentshiseko. Indawo yezindawo ezinjalo kwabesilisa ingama-7- 39 ha, futhi kwabesifazane - ama-6- 10 ha. Ukuhlanza kuma-hedgehogs ajwayelekile kwenzeka kancane, imvamisa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ngokwesilinganiso, inaliti eyodwa kuphela kwezinguqu ezintathu ngonyaka. Inalithi ngayinye ikhula izinyanga eziyi-12-18. Emvelweni, lezi zilwane ziphila iminyaka engama-3-5, ekudingisweni zingaphila iminyaka eyi-8-10.

AmaHedgehogs ayizilwane ezisheshayo ngosayizi wazo. Bayakwazi ukugijima ngejubane elingafika ku-3 m / s, bayakwazi ukubhukuda nokugxuma. Lapho uhamba futhi ugijima, ama-hedgehogs agibela emhlabathini ngezinyawo zawo wonke. Njengezilwane eziningi zasebusuku, i-hedgehog ayinaboni kahle, kepha inomqondo obukhali wephunga nokuzwa. Ehlobo, izinga lokushayeka li-contraction engu-180 ngomzuzu, ku-hibernation, imvamisa iyancipha ibe ngu-20-60 ukushaywa ngomzuzu, kuyilapho ama-hedgehogs ethatha umoya owodwa ngomzuzu. Ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, ama-hedgehogs aseYurophu avala ngokuqinile umnyango wokungena umgodi awele ekushayweni komoya. Imvamisa le hibernation ihlala kusuka ku-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngesikhathi hibernation, izinga lokushisa lomzimba we-hedgehog lehla laya ku-1.8 ° C. Ehlobo, udinga ukugcina amanoni amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba uma i-hedgehog ejwayelekile icashe ngaphandle kokuthola amafutha anele (ngaphansi kwama-500 g), ebusika iba sengozini yokufa yindlala. Ngemuva kwe-hibernation, ayishiyi isidleke kuze kufike lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela ku-15 ° C. Ama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, kepha hlalani nisondelene.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi ocwaningweni we-hedgehog yaseYurophu eNew Zealand, kwavela ukuthi, sebezithole sebesezimweni ezintsha, ama-hedgehogs "akhohlwe" ukubukeka kwabo futhi bazimisele ukulala ubusuku bonke ezidlekeni ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hedgehogs akahlangananga kuphela izithelo zezitshalo zomdabu ekudleni kwawo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi aqala ukucishe aqede ukudla ukudla kwawo okujwayelekile kwesilwane.

Umsoco

I-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyisilwane esijabulisayo. Isisekelo sokudla kwaso sakhiwa izinambuzane zabantu abadala, amacimbi, ama-slugs, kwesinye isikhathi iminyundu, amagundane. Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-vertebrates akahlaselwa kakhulu, esikhathini esiningi izisulu ze-hedgehog ziba izidalwa eziphindaphindayo kanye nama-amphibians. Ezitshalweni zingadla amajikijolo nezithelo. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, ama-hedgehogs ngokuvamile awadli izinyoka, ngoba isisekelo sokudla kwama-hedgehogs izinambuzane (kuma-hedgehogs ahlala eNew Zealand, isisekelo sokudla nakho kuyizithelo zezitshalo zomdabu). Ngo-1811, abakwaP.S. Pallas bazama ukuthi ama-hedgehogs ngaphandle kokuzilimaza badla ama-boilers aqukethe ubuthi obunobuthi obukhulu kwezinye izilwane. AmaHedgehogs nawo awanawo umthelela omncane kubuthi obufana ne-arsenic, i-mercuric chloride, opium, ne-hydrocyanic acid. Kuyiqiniso, imithamo emikhulu kakhulu yobuthi iyingozi kuma-hedgehogs, kepha imithamo ebulala ezinye izilwane, kanye nabantu, ayilimazi ama-hedgehogs.

Amagundane, kwesinye isikhathi okubhekiselwa kuwo hhayi kakhulu kumagundane angempela kuya kuma-voes amancane, awatholakali emvelweni nasebuncinaneni abancane ngemvelo. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezidliwe yi-hedgehog, ezinye eziyingozi zaziphawuleka (ngokwesibonelo, amabhungane kaMay, amabhungane anesihlabathi, izinwele zamakhonco, izibungu zesilika ezingafakwanga).

Amaqanda namachwane wanoma iziphi izinyoni ezincane ezidla phansi emhlabeni nazo ziyadla.

Ukuzala

Ngemuva kokucwilisa ubusika, ama-hedgehogs aqala inkathi yokuzalela. Phakathi kwabesilisa, izimpi zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yabesifazane. Abesilisa baluma imilenze yomunye nomunye, ubuso babo, ukusunduza, ukusebenzisa izinaliti zabo empini. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, ama-hedgehogs ahlwitha kakhulu futhi ahlwithe. Ngemuva kwempi, onqobayo uzungelezela amahora amaningi eduze nowesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa utholakala ngemuva kowesifazane. Isitho sowesifazane sowesifazane sisekupheleni komzimba, kanti isitho sowesilisa sisesiswini sesisu, ngoba, kulokhu, akadingi ukukhuphuka insikazi ngokugcwele. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, insikazi ibopha ngokucophelela ameva futhi igobe emuva phansi. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ama-hedgehogs asakazeka. Njengesiphephelo, i-hedgehog igoba umgodi wayo uqobo noma isebenzise imisele yemijondolo. Emgodini kukhona udoti wotshani owomile namaqabunga.

Njengomthetho, insikazi iletha izinyane elilodwa kuphela ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-49. Kulitha, imvamisa ama-3-8 (ama-4) ama-cubs kakhulu. AmaHedgehogs azalwa enqunu, eyimpumputhe, enesikhumba esikhanyayo esikhanyayo, isisindo somzimba wawo singama-gramu ayi-12 kuphela. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kuzelwe, i-hedgehog inezinaliti ezithambile ezimhlophe nezimnyama. Ikhava yenaliti ephelele isungulwa ngosuku lwe-15 lokuphila. Ukucashiswa kuthatha inyanga eyi-1. Ngemuva kokuthi iphele, i-hedgehog iqala ukuphila ngokuzimela. Baqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi izinyanga eziyi-10-12.

Zuza futhi ulimaze abantu

I-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyasebenziseka ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane eziyingozi: phakathi kwezinambuzane ezidliwayo yizo ngamabhungane ka-May, amacimbi emantongomane kanye nesilika elingakhokhelwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-hedgehog ibhubhisa amachwane namaqanda wezinyoni ezincane ezidlekayo emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ku-Outer Hebrides, ama-hedgehogs angenisiwe aphenduke izinambuzane zangempela ezichitha imichilo yezinyoni ezinjenge-snipe, i-dunlin, umnkantsha kanye nokudla.

IHedgehog ingaba ngumqambi wezifo ezinjenge-dermatomycosis, umkhuhlane ophuzi, i-salmonellosis, i-leptospirosis, isifo samarabi. Imikhaza namazeze zitholakala ngamanani amakhulu kuwo. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwe-ixodid imikhaza (abathwali be-tephalitis ethwelwe, i-tularemia, i-babesiosis yezinkomo, i-equine pyroplasmosis pathogens) iveze ukuthi ama-hedgehogs aphakathi kwezingxoxo lapho imikhaza idla khona kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula. Emazweni asehlathini, ama-hedgehogs aqoqa izibungu, kufaka phakathi i-encephalitis, ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izilwane, ngoba isembozo saso esinobuthi, njengebhulashi, sihlanganisa izibungu ezilambile otshanini. Kusukela kumikhaza engene phakathi kwezinaliti, i-hedgehog ayikwazi ukuqeda.

IHedgehog yinyama ezivame kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ezinhlobonhlobo. Ivumelanisa kalula nempilo eduzane nabantu futhi ihlala igcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaRoma emuva ngekhulu le-IV. BC e. ama-hedgehogs akhelwe inyama - ayephekwe ngezinaliti ngobumba. Izikhumba zeHedgehog zibuye zisetshenziswe kabanzi ekugqokeni kwesikhumba:

AmaHedgehogs uqobo awasizi ngalutho empilweni yomuntu, njengoba abaningi bethu becabanga, ngoba ukube babengenazinaliti, izikhumba ezithambile zemfuyo bezingasho lutho kubantu abafayo: phela, i-hedgehog isetshenziselwa ukugqoka. Kodwa-ke, lapha futhi nelungelo elikhethekile lokuthengisa lo mkhiqizo liholele ekutheni abathengisi abaphetheyo bahlomule ngama-fakes angenakubalwa, ayikho enye inkinga edinga ukuqhubeka kwezinyathelo ezinjalo eSenate, futhi kwakungekho mbusi oyedwa owayengeke akhononde ngalokhu. isikhumba fake hedgehog (uPliny Omdala, Umlando Wezemvelo VIII. 135).

Eminye imishanguzo yabantu (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yempandla) ifaka umlotha, i-bile, ukufakwa emzimbeni, noma igazi elivela kwi-hedgehog.

Amaqiniso

• Lapho uhlangana nento enephunga elinamandla, ama-hedgehogs akhombisa ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuzikhothisa. I-hedgehog ikhotha leyo ndaba kuze kube yilapho amathe avuthayo eqala ukubonakala, bese eyidlulisela ezinalwaneni.
• Kwesinye isikhathi ama-hedgehogs aze abhoboze ama-butts kagwayi noma uvolo wekotini ngezinsalela zamakha ezinalwaneni. Umsebenzi wale ndlela yokuziphatha awucaci. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuyindlela yokulwa namagciwane.
• Inkolelo esabalele yokuthi i-hedgehogs iprinta ukudla ngezinaliti yiphutha.(Isibonelo, kungumbono ojwayelekile oqondile wokuthi ama-hedgehogs angakhipha ama-apula noma amakhowe ezinalwaneni zawo). Umbhali waleli phutha nguPliny Omdala, owabhala ku-Natural History:

I-LVl 133. Ebusika, ukudla nama-hedgehogs kugcinwe: lapho esegoqe ama-apula awile, ama-hedgehogs uwafaka emhlane bese, ephethe enye i-apula emlonyeni wawo, awudlulisele ezigodini zezihlahla.

Incazelo yezilwane

IHedgehog yisilwane esincane esidla izinambuzane. Isisindo sawo singafinyelela ku-1,2 kg, futhi ubude baso singamasentimitha angama-20. Imvamisa, abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Isibalo se-hedgehog siphakeme, futhi sikhulu impela.

Amehlo esilwane mancane futhi ancishisiwe amandla okubona ngokujwayelekile. Kepha, ukubuyisa umbono, i-hedgehog inezipho ngemvelo ngokuzwa nokuhogela okuhle. Kukhona izindlebe ezincane ngenhla kwe-hedgehog, kanye amadevu amafushane eduze nekhala.

Ukuze kube lula ukuhamba, imilenze yangemuva kwayo yinde kancane kunangaphambili. I-hedgehog inamazinyo abukhali angamashumi amathathu nesithupha nezinzipho ezinde kumunwe ngamunye. Lawa amathuluzi akhe okuthola ukudla kwakhe.

I-hedgehog ejwayelekile - isithombe esijwayelekile

Isimo somuntu ohlala kumahlathi ama-steppes waziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Ezincwadini zezingane, umbono wesilwane esinenhliziyo elula futhi engenangozi, ovame ukwenzeka emingceleni yehlathi nasemigwaqweni yama-steppe, uhlala ngokuqinile. Imvelaphi yegama le-hedgehog evamile inezimpande zesiLatin futhi ihumusha ngokuthi "isithiyo esivimbayo".

Izici zeHedgehog nendawo yokuhlala

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 zezinhlobo zama-hedgehogs, kepha ziyafana futhi ziyabonakala ngenxa yezikhukhukazi ezinde ekhanda likhulu ngesilinganiso se-hedgehog efinyelela ku-20 cm ubude. Amehlo e-Bead ahle kakhulu futhi abonakalayo, kepha awaboni kahle. Kepha iphunga nokuzwa kuhle kakhulu, kepha i-antennae ekhaleni elihlala limanzi futhi elihambayo nezindlebe lincane.

Abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi i-porcupine futhi i-hedgehog - iqembu lezilwane nezibopho zomndeni. Eqinisweni, ukufana kuyakhohlisa, izihlobo zama-hedgehogs zihlala phakathi kwama-moles, ama-shrews kanye nama-tenreks amancane angaziwa nezangoma. Isilwane esinjenge-Hedgehog izingubo ezigoqekile - hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi isihlobo sakhe. Ngakho-ke i-urchin yasolwandle iyisilwane, ayifani nomuntu ohlala ehlathini ngaphandle kwegama.

I-Hedgehog - isilwane esingavikeleki, isisindo esijwayelekile sesilwane sicishe sibe ngama-800 g, kepha ngaphambi kokufihlakala kwesisindo sifinyelela cishe ku-1200 g. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Imilenze yangaphambili ye-hedgehog imfushane kunasemuva, iminwe emihlanu kuleyo naleyo ifakwe izigqoko ezibukhali. Umsila omncane ongafika ku-3 cm ucishe ungabonakali ngaphansi kwengubo yenaliti yesilwane.

Izinaliti ezikhanyayo ezi-brownish kufinyelela ku-3 cm ngosayizi, ezingenalutho ngaphakathi. Ngaphansi kwenalithi ngayinye kunefayibha yemisipha ekwazi ukuyiphakamisa futhi yehlise. Cishe izinaliti ezi-1-2 kwezintathu ngonyaka zikhula futhi ziwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Akukho ukulahla okuphelele kwengubo yoboya, kancane kancane, isembozo sivuselelwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka nesigamu. Izinaliti zidonswa kuphela ngabantu abagulayo.

Isibalo sezinaliti e-hedgehog eyodwa endala sifinyelela kumawaka ayisi-5,6, futhi esilwaneni esincane - kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Izinwele ezingalingani blonde phakathi kwezinaliti nazo ziqhamuka, futhi esiswini nasekhanda zinene futhi zipendwe mnyama mnyama. Ijazi loboya obuhlaza grey livame kakhulu, kepha phakathi kwama-hedgehogs kunezinhlobo zamabala amhlophe namabala.

Isici esaziwayo sama-hedgehogs sihambisana ne-glomerulus epickly, uma ngabe isengozini. Lokhu kungenzeka kuhambisana nomsebenzi wezicubu zendandatho, amandla okwelula izingqimba eziphezulu zesikhumba.

Kulesi simo, izilwane zihlala isikhathi eside kuze kudlule usongo. Izinaliti zikhula ngama-engeli ahlukene futhi zakha ukhula olunamandla lwameva. Ibhola elinjalo elingenakuphikwa.

Ama-hedgehogs ezilwane kuhlala amazwekazi amabili kuphela: i-Eurasia kanye nenyakatho ye-Afrika. Naphezu kokufana kwesimo sezulu saseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ama-hedgehogs awasekho lapho, yize izinsalela zamathambo zibonisa ukukhishwa okwenziwe kabusha.

Amahlathi ahlanganisiwe nama-kopi, amathafa otshani, izikhukhula ezigcwele imifula, amagquma, kwesinye isikhathi ugwadule - izindawo zokuhlala izilwane ezinamaphiko. Gwema kuphela izindawo ezinamakhaza kanye namaConifers. Indawo yakhe ama-hedgehogs emhlabeni wezilwane abamaki, bahlala bodwa ikakhulukazi endaweni ethile, ehlolwa njalo lapho bebheka ukudla.

AmaHedgehogs ajwayele ukutholakala eduzane nokuhlala kwabantu noma izinto zomsebenzi wezomnotho: ezindaweni zamapaki, izingadi ezishiyiwe, ngaphandle kwamadolobha nasemasimini okusanhlamvu. Nikela kulo mlilo wehlathi, isimo sezulu esingaqedi noma ukungondli.

Umlingiswa weHedgehog nendlela yokuphila

AmaHedgehogs ayizilwane zasebusuku, phakathi nosuku bacasha phakathi kwamahlamvu nasesikhathini somoya lwezihlahla, phakathi kwezimpande zezitshalo. Abakuthandi ukushisa, bacashe ngezimbungulu ezipholile noma ezidlekeni zotshani obomile, ama-moss, amaqabunga. Ubukhulu bendawo yokuhlala enjalo bukhulu kakhulu kunobukhulu bomniniyo, bufika ku-20-25 cm. Lapha isilwane sinakekela ijazi loboya esifubeni nasesiswini, lisikhotha ngolimi.

Iminwe emide emaphakathi isiza ekuhlanzeni ameva uma kungenzeka, avikela izinyamazane, kepha aqoqe imikhaza nezinye izidumbu. Phakathi kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo, kunomqondo wehora ngehora, okubonisa inani lemikhaza eqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba ehlathini.

Ukugeza nge-acid kusiza ukuqeda izimuncagazi, ngakho-ke ama-hedgehogs athande "ukubhukuda" kuma-aphula abolile noma ezinye izithelo. Lokhu kuziphatha kuhlotshaniswa nombono ongalungile wokuthi ama-hedgehogs anjengama-apula adliwayo. Izinketho zokunambitha zesilwane ziyehlukile.

Ebumnyameni, umuzwa obuthakathaka wephunga uyasiza; umbono nokuzwa kuyasiza. Umsebenzi wezilwane ukhombisa indlela, efinyelela kumakhilomitha amathathu ubusuku ngabunye. Ama-paws amafushane awakuvumeli ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha, kepha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zithwala ama-hedgehogs ngokushesha ngosayizi wazo ngesivinini esingafika ku-3 m / s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hedgehogs angama-jumpers amahle nokubhukuda okuhle.

TO yiziphi izilwane i-hedgehog ezingezazo ngokwemvelo, wonke umuntu uyazi. Unokuthula, kepha unezitha eziningi ngokwemvelo: izimpisi, izimpungushe, izikebhe, ama-martens, amakhayithi, izikhova zokhozi, izinyoka. Lapho uhlangana nesitha, i-hedgehog iqala igxume kumphangi ukuze ihlabe, bese ibhola lezinalithi liba inqaba engenakugwenywa. Njengoba esehlafunile futhi ehlwitha, umhlaseli ulahlekelwa isasasa lokuphanga namaqabunga.

Kodwa kunezindlela ezinobuqili zokukhohlisa i-hedgehog enengqondo elula. Labo kusuka ezilwaneni ezidla ama-hedgehogs, yiba nobukrelekrele besitha. Isikhova esikhohlisayo sihlasela buthule futhi silwele ukubamba inyamazane singamangali.

Isikali esinamandla emathangeni enyoni sivikela emahlangeni. Impungushe ikhohlise ekushayeleni i-hedgehog ukuyicwilisa noma ukuyiphonsa echibini eliphakeme. Isilwane esintantayo esivula isisu nesizalo siba isisulu somzingeli.

Esiqeshini i-hedgehog nezinyoka ophumelele kuzoba isilwane esingesabi. Ubambe umsila wakhe bese ugoba ibhola, umdonsa ngesineke ngaphansi kwakhe. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukunganakwa kwama-hedgehogs kuya ubuthi obuningi.

Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, igazi le-caustic lezinyamazane noma izinyamazane, ubuthi benyosi, i-cantharidin yezimpukane zasesiponeni alimlimazi umuntu ohlala kulo, yize ubuthi obunjalo bubangela ezinye izilwane.

IHydrocyanic acid, opium, i-arsenic noma i-mercuric chloride inomphumela obuthakathaka kuma-hedgehogs. Ngo-ekwindla, izilwane ziqongelela amanoni hibernation. Izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zihlala zisebenza unyaka wonke.

Isikhathi se-hibernation sidlula emgodini. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla, kanti ukushaya kwehla kube ngama-20-60 ukushaywa ngomzuzu. Ukuvuka kwenzeka entwasahlobo lapho umoya ufudumala kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Uma fat subcutaneous akwanele, isilwane singafa yindlala.

IHedgehogs iyazazi iziza zayo futhi izivikele ekuhlaselweni yizihlobo. Abesifazane bahlala kumahektha ayi-10 endawo, nabesilisa - amahlandla ama-2-3 ngaphezulu. Ukuhlala kwabo kukhonjiswa ngemililozi enomsindo, imisindo efana nokuhogela. I-Hedgehog cubs ikhala futhi inyakaze njengezinyoni.

I-Hedgehog: incazelo, isakhiwo, izici. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-hedgehog?

Ngokwesihlukaniso se-zoological, ama-hedgehogs angawezilwane ezincelisayo ngokulandelana kwazo, ukulandelana kwama-hedgehogs, kanye nomndeni wama-hedgehogs.

Ubude be-hedgehog, ngokuya ngohlobo lwayo, busuka ku-10 kuye ku-44 cm. Futhi, isisindo se-hedgehog singasukela kumakhilogremu angama-300 kuye kuma-1.5 kg. Lesi silwane sinomsila, nomsila we-hedgehog ukhula usuka ku-1 kuye ku-21 cm ubude.

Ikhanda le-hedgehog likhulu kakhulu, linomzimba wedada, futhi isigaxa silungisiwe, sihlotshisiwe ngekhala le-hedgehog ephathekayo futhi elihlala limanzi.

Amazinyo e-hedgehog, noma emincane, abukhali impela. Kuvame ukuba namazinyo angama-20 emhlathini ongenhla kanti ayi-16 angaphansi.Amazinyo amabili okuqala akhulu futhi abukeka njengama fangs. Yize ezinye izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs zinamazinyo angama-44. Manje usuyayazi impendulo yombuzo, ama-hedgehog enamazinyo amangaki.

Imilenze yangemuva ye-hedgehog yinde kunangaphambili, imilenze ngayinye ineminwe emihlanu. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa i-hedgehog enamabala amhlophe, eneminwe emine kuphela ezinsweni zayo. AmaHedgehogs ayizilwane ezihlanzekile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ahlanza izinaliti zawo ngosizo lweminwe ende ephakathi.

Ameva abukhali noma izinalithi ze-hedgehog uphawu lwentengiso, uhlobo lwekhadi lokushayela lesilwane. Bazikhonza zombili ukuze zivikeleke ezidlaleni - ngesikhathi sengozi, ama-hedgehogs aqonda ebholeni, ngaphandle kwawo kukhona ameva aqhubekayo, nokuhambisa izimpahla zokudla ezahlukahlukene - ama-hedgehogs ajwayele ukukhahlela ama-apula noma amakhowe ezinalwaneni zawo ukuwadlulisela kuma-mink awo.

Ngokwesilinganiso, yonke i-hedgehog inezinaliti ezifika ku-10. Umbala wezinaliti zezinhlobo eziningi zama-hedgehogs umnyama futhi awuvamile imivimbo. Umbala woboya be-hedgehog, ngokuya ngohlobo lwawo, ungaba nsundu, isihlabathi, onsundu ngombala omhlophe noma omhlophe.

Ukuba yisilwane ebusuku, i-hedgehog ayinamehlo angaboni kahle, kepha inomqondo okhule kahle wephunga nokuzwa.

Futhi yize ama-hedgehogs eyizilwane zasemhlabeni, angakwazi ukubhukuda kahle futhi agibele izihlahla.

Ngabe kudlani ama-hedgehogs emvelweni?

AmaHedgeho yizilwane ezixakile ezidla njengezithelo ezihlukile (ama-apula, ama-pears, ama-sitrobheli, ama-raspberries, ama-amajikijolo), amakhowe, ama-moss, ama-acorns, nezinye izilwane: izinambuzane ezinkulu (amabhungane, izicabucabu, izinkumbi, izibungu, umhlonyane), amaqanda wezinyoni. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-hedgehogs zingazingela izibankwa, amasele, amagundane. Njengoba imelana nokudla ubuthi, ama-hedgehogs ahlasela nezinyoka ezinobuthi nawofezela.

AmaHedgehogs kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluphala kahle ngesikhathi sasehlobo nasekwindla, ukuthola izinqolobane ezinamafutha, ngaphandle kwalokho angafa ngesikhathi sokubandakanyeka kwawo ebusika, lapho awela khona njengamabhere ngokuqala kobusika. Kuluhlu oluhle lwamafutha oluvumela ama-hedgehogs ukuthi aqhubeke esesimweni sokugqwayiza okulengisiwe (igama lesayensi le-hibernation ezilwaneni) kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

I-hedgehog yaseYurophu

Ungu-hedgehog ojwayelekile, ilungu elijwayelekile kakhulu lomndeni we-hedgehog. Ubude bomzimba we-hedgehog ejwayelekile buyi-20-30 cm, futhi bunesisindo esingu-800 g. Uhlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kepha angatholakala kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia.

Uthole i-hedgehog

Isici esibonakalayo sale hedgehog, eyinikeze igama, siyizindlebe zayo ezinde ngokungajwayelekile, zikhula zide ziye ku-5 cm ubude. Ama-hedgehogs amade amade kakhulu, anama-12 kuye kwangama-27 cm ubude, anesisindo esingama-430 g. Ahlala emazweni amaningi e-Afrika nase-Asia Minor, futhi angatholakala naseNdiya nase China.

I-Eastern European hedgehog

Ngokubukeka, ifana kakhulu ne-hedgehog yaseYurophu, kepha inombala ohlukile, owokuthi, umphambili wentamo nesisu kukhanya. Ikhula ibe ngu-35 cm ubude inesisindo esingu-1,2 kg. Ihlala hhayi eMpumalanga Yurophu uqobo, kepha futhi nase-Urals, kanye nakwamanye amazwe ase-Middle East.

I-African pygmy hedgehog

Le hedgehog encane ehlala e-Afrika iyaphawuleka ngokubonakala kwayo, izeluleko zezinaliti zayo, ngokungafani namanye ama-hedgehogs, azimnyama, kodwa zimhlophe. Ibuye ibe nomkhuba uma kwenzeka iba sengozini yokumemeza nokumemeza kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba we-African pygmy hedgehog buyi-15-22 cm, nesisindo esingu-350-700 g.Uhlala ngaseningizimu kwehlane laseSahara emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika: iNigeria, iSudan, iTopiya, iSenegal, neMauritania.

I-hedgehog yenaliti ende

Le hedgehog yaba negama layo libonga ngisho namazinga we-hedgehog, izinaliti ezinde nezinene. Ubude bezinaliti zakhe bungama-4-4.2 cm.Izinaliti ngokwazo zinombala ohlukile, zingaba ukukhanya noma zimnyama. Ubude bomzimba waleli hedgehog buyi-22-27 cm, bunesisindo kusuka ku-500 kuya ku-900 g.Uhlala eMiddle East, eNhlonhlo yase-Arabia. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Uzbekistan.

Daurian hedgehog

Lesi yi-hepgehog ye-steppe heggehog ehlala kusuka ezinyaweni zaseTransbaikalia ukuya eMongolia naseNyakatho neChina. Ngokungafani namanye ama-hedgehogs, izinhlungu zalesi zinhlobo zimfushane, zinesihlabathi noma nsundu. Ijazi lale hedgehog ngmpunga noma ngombala onsundu ngombala.

Ungayondla kanjani i-hedgehog ekhaya?

Njengokudla isidlo se-hedgehog, inyama eluhlaza, ebomvu, isibindi esibilisiwe, nenhlanzi entsha iphelele. Njengokudlela, ungamnika ama-maphela aphilayo, izibungu zikafulawa noma amakhethini. Futhi, ama-hedgehogs azokujabulela ukudla ama-apula kanye izaqathi.

Abantu bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi ama-hedgehogs angaba nobisi. Siyaphendula: cha, akunakwenzeka, ama-hedgehogs ane-lactose ukungabekezelelani, okusobisini, ngakho-ke ubisi alunakubangela kuphela isisu esidabukisayo e-hedgehog, kodwa futhi luholele ekufeni kwakhe.

Kuwela nini ama-hedgehogs?

Njengoba sabhala ngenhla, ama-hedgehogs awela ekuhibheni. Yize ama-hedgehogs ahlala ekudingisweni engabonakali ukuthi ayawadinga, kepha awukwazi ukukhohlisa inqubo yemvelo yesilwane, izindlela ze-hibernation zingokwemvelo, ngakho-ke kufanele uzilungiselele ukuthi isilwane sakho esinobuhlakani naso sizongena ebusika ngesikhathi sobusika, mhlawumbe hhayi isikhathi eside kangako njengama-hedgehogs ahlala ezimweni zemvelo.

Ukusinda ngempumelelo i-hibernation, i-hedgehog idinga ukondliwa kakhulu ekwindla ukuze iqoqe izindawo ezidingekayo zamafutha. NgoNovemba, uzophawula ukuthi i-hedgehog iba kanjani ngokubabayo, futhi njengokungathi isemdangeni, eqinisweni lokhu kuyisiqalo se-hibernation. Njengoba ngokwemvelo ama-hedgehogs ebusika izidleke zawo, i-hedgehog yasekhaya nayo idinga ukudala izimo ezisondele kwezemvelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukwaba indawo ecashile endaweni ethile ku-loggia noma e-attic, kubalulekile ukuthi amazinga okushisa lapho awangeqi ama-5 degrees C. Bese wakhe uhlobo lwesidleke, ubeke utshani, amaqabunga owomile, umdweshu, izimbambo, bese kuba i-hedgehog yokulala.

Uma une-hedgehog emfushane yase-Afrika, khona-ke kufanele ungakhathazeki nge-hibernation, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-hedgehogs aluweli ebusika hibernation, ngenxa yokuntuleka kobusika ezindaweni zalo zokuhlala.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-hedgehogs

• AmaRoma asendulo ayethola ama-hedgehogs ewusizo, ayesebenzisa izikhumba zawo ezinobuhlakani ukuhlanganisa izimvu.
• Ama-Serbs anendlela engajwayelekile kakhulu yokwelapha uphuzo oludakayo, ukuze aqede lo mkhuba olimazayo abawuphuzayo ... umchamo we-hedgehog. Futhi inhliziyo yesilwane isetshenziswa njenge-talisman evikela izifo.
• Futhi ama-gypsies awadla ama-hedgehogs, futhi i-hedgehog ethosiwe yisitsha sawo asithandayo.
• Eminyakeni engama-60 yekhulu lamashumi amabili edlule, ama-hedgehogs amaningi afa ngenxa yephutha leMcDonalds. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyinkomishi zika-ayisikhilimu iMcFlurry. Bangeniswe kudoti, badonsela ukunakekela kwama-hedgehogs amnandi omuzi. Kuqala bakhotha izinsalela ze-ayisikhilimu ngentokozo, banamathela amakhanda ngengilazi, kepha abakwazanga ukuyikhipha ngenxa yobubi obukhulu bezibuko. Futhi ngakho-ke bafa, baboshwe cishe ngozibuko. Ngenxa yombhikisho omkhulu wabameli bezilwane, uMcDonalds waphoqeleka ukuthi athathe isikhundla sengilazi yezibuko kwathi ama-hedgehogs ayeka ukufa.

Ngabe kudlani ama-hedgehogs endle?

I-hedgehog iyi-omnivore. Ukudla kwalo kuhlanganiswa ikakhulukazi yizinambuzane, iminyundu, iminenke, ama-slgs, amasele, amagundane asensimini. Kwesinye isikhathi kungadla i-amphibian noma i-reptile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hedgehogs awahambisani nokuhlwitha ukudla kwezitshalo: izithelo, amajikijolo, ama-acorn. Uma unenhlanhla, i-hedgehog izothokozela amaqanda namachwane wezinyoni ezincane ezidlekayo emhlabeni ngobumnandi.

AmaHedgehogs anamehlo abuthakathaka. Lapho bexhumana nezwe langaphandle, bathembela ikakhulu kunephunga nokuzwa. I-hedgehog ye-eyred ibucayi ikakhulukazi ukuzwa: ibona imvamisa ephezulu imisindo efinyelela ku-45 kHz, kuyilapho umuntu ezwa aze afike ku-18-20 kHz kuphela. Lesi sici sisiza ama-hedgehogs ukuthi athole ama-invertebrates ngaphansi komhlaba.

Qaphela!

Abesilisa bayabizwa ukuvikela indawo yabo futhi bavame ukukhombisa ulaka maqondana. Isimo sezulu esingathandeki, imililo yamahlathi nokuntuleka kokudla kwenza izilwane zihlale eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala, eduze kwabantu.

IHedgehogs nezinyoka

Abaningi bezwe ngempahla emangalisayo yama-hedgehogs - ukumelana nobuthi benyoka. Kodwa-ke, leli khono, ngokungafani nama-mongooses, aliphelele (ama-hedgehogs amelana ngokwengxenye enobuthi kuphela) futhi ayahlukahluka kubantu abahlukile.I-antihemorrhagic ntho i-erinacin, iprotheni esetshenziswa izicubu zesilwane, ivikela ubuthi bama-hedgehogs. Le nto iphazamisa umsebenzi we-hemorrhagic kanye ne-proteinolytic of the ushevu. U-Erinacin, ohlanganiswe nesembozo senalithi evikela, uvumela ama-hedgehogs ukuthi ahlasele izinyoka futhi azidle lapho ukulwa kuphumelela, kepha lokhu akwenzeki kaningi.

Ikhaya likaHedgehog

AmaHedgehogs ayizilwane ezihamba ebusuku futhi phakathi nosuku zizizwa zikhululekile ku-mink. Bahlela izidleke ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, ezindaweni zokudaka, ezifuywayo kanye nasemiseleni yezinye izilwane.

Izindlu ze-hedgehog zilungile ngosayizi futhi imvamisa azidluli amasentimitha angama-20. Ziboshwe ngemidwebo yamahlamvu e-moss noma eyomile. Ku-mink yakhe, i-hedgehog ayigcini ngokuhlala ubusuku kuphela, kodwa futhi ihlanza izinaliti futhi ikhonkxe amaphimbo ayo nesisu.

Incazelo Nezici

I-hedgehog enhle isici esaziwa ezinganeni kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala. Uyiqhawe lezinganekwane namakhathuni. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lezi zilwane zibukeka kanjani. Lesi sidalwa sincane ngobukhulu sinomzimba othambile, amehlo amancane, ikhala eliphakeme namawele amancane.

Kepha isici esiphawuleka kakhulu nesimile ekubonakaleni kwakhe yimigudu ephansi emboza umzimba ongaphezulu. Izinaliti ezinjalo zinesikali esinsundu, esimpunga noma esimnyama, lapho le mibala ihlanganiswa nezindawo ezikhanyayo. Konke lokhu kuyabonakala esithombeni se-hedgehog.

Isazi sebhayoloji sizokwengeza kule ncazelo ukuthi laba bantu abamele izinyamazane yizilwane ezincelisayo ezihlukaniswa njengama-hedgehogs. Ubude bomzimba bezidalwa ezinjalo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kusuka kokuncane kakhulu - kungabi ngaphezu kuka-10 cm, okufinyelela cishe isigamu semitha.

Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo se-hedgehog cishe siyikhilogremu, kepha empeleni isisindo, njengosayizi, sincike ezinhlobonhlobo nasobulili, ingasaphathwa iminyaka yezidalwa ezinjalo. Kungaba ngamakhilogremu angama-300 elilodwa nohhafu. Lezi zilwane zinomsila. Kungaba futhi nokuhluka: amafushane kakhulu ngosayizi, futhi futhi akhule isikhathi eside kuno-20 cm.

Isihlakala salesi sidalwa siphakeme ngesimo segege, ekugcineni kwayo kukhale ikhala elimanzi. Amazinyo e-hedgehog abukhali, mancane. Ama-paws anesici esijabulisayo: izinyawo ezingemuva ziyikhulu ngosayizi kunangaphambili. Futhi ngalinye lama-paws lineminwe emihlanu, kuyilapho iminwe ephakathi yinde kuneyezinye futhi ilungele ukuhlanzwa izinaliti ze-hedgehogokwenziwa yilezi zidalwa, zisebenzisa amadivaysi anjalo.

Ameva ngokwawo awasho lutho ngaphakathi komzimba wezilwane afakwa ngaphakathi kwe-sparse, mncane, azibonakali izinwele. Inani lezinaliti lingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-10. Isisu nekhanda lalezi zidalwa nakho kumbozwe ngoboya. Umbala wezinwele ungaphenduka ukhanye ngokuphelele, unesihlabathi noma okuphambene nalokho kumnyama.

Ububanzi bezilwane ezinjalo bufinyelela kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Imvamisa zitholakala eYurophu, futhi ukusuka eBritish Isles kuya ezikhathini zaseSiberia. Baphinde bahlala eMiddle East, ezindaweni eziningi e-Asia, e-Afrika naseNew Zealand.

Ukulondolozwa ngokwemvelo

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, inani lama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile belincipha kakhulu. Isizathu esikhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo abahlala kuzo ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, okuholela ekuhlukaniseni abantu abaningi babe abancane abancane, abangahlobene. Ngokusho kocwaningo, abantu be-hedgehog abahlala kumakhilomitha ayi-15 kuphela ukusuka komunye nomunye banezakhi zofuzo ezihlukile, okubonisa ukushintshana okungajwayelekile phakathi kwabantu.

Esinye isizathu esibalulekile sokunyamalala kwama-hedgehogs ukubulawa kwabo okuphezulu emigwaqweni, lapho isu elivikelayo elisebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nabazingeli libanikela ekufeni kwamasondo ezimoto.

Indawo yokuhlala kwama-hedgehogs ihlala ichithwa ngabantu: izilwane zibulawa yizidakamizwa ukulwa nezinambuzane, uthango olubuthaka, izithiyo, inetha, eziphazamisa ukuhamba kwazo ezingadini.

Kubalulekile ukucatshangelwa: ama-hedgehogs angenye yezilwane ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni, asinda ngenkathi yeqhwa, futhi ukuncipha kwamanani awo kuwuphawu olwesabekayo lwesintu.

Izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs

Kunezinhlobo ezanele zama-hedgehogs. Kukhona abangaba ngu-23 babo, futhi bahlukaniswe ngama-genera ayi-7 futhi bahlanganiswa baba yimindeni emibili esezansi. Abamele babo bahlukile phakathi kwabo ngokubukeka nasendaweni yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezinjalo zihlukaniswa ngemisipha ekhule kahle. Umqondo wokuhogela nokuzwa ama-hedgehogs umane nje omuhle kakhulu, kepha umbono awubizwa ngokuthi muhle.

I-hedgehog evamile

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezithokozisayo zivezwe ngezansi.

1. I-hedgehog evamile eyaziwa nangokuthi i-european. Kulelizwekazi, izilwane ezinjalo azijwayelekile, kepha zivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakathi nezasentshonalanga, kanye naseKazakhstan. Zivame ukutholakala eScandinavia nase-UK. Usayizi womzimba walezi zidalwa ucishe ube ngu-25 cm, ubunzima bawo bubalelwa ku-800 g. izinaliti zezinhlobo zase-Europe kubantu abadala zikhula ubude obu-3 cm.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ikhava elinameva elinjalo kuma-hedgehogs, njengoboya bobuhlalu, nalo lithambekele ekuncibilikeni. Izinaliti ziyaguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuphela ngokwanele. Le nqubo yemvelo yenzeka njalo ekuweni nasentwasahlobo. Bese kuthi ingxenye yesithathu yekhava emeva ithathelwe indawo.

Esikhundleni sezinaliti ezindala, kuvela amasha akhula abe yisimo esigcwele cishe unyaka. Umbala wazo uyindidane yezindawo ezimnyama, ezinsundu futhi zimhlophe. Izibungu, isisu nezidladla zezilwane zimbozwe ngophuzi noma obomvu, kwesinye isikhathi izinwele ezimnyama.

2. I-Eastern European hedgehog. Ukusuka egameni ngokwalo akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi le nhlobo, njengaleyo eyedlule, ingumhlali waseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yezwekazi. Futhi ububanzi bayo bufinyelela e-Urals nase-Asia Minor. Abamele izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo bakhulu kakhulu kunangaphambili: bakhula ngobude ngamasentimitha angama-35 futhi banesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu.

I-Eastern European hedgehog

3. Uthole i-hedgehog. Izilwane ezinje uma ziqhathaniswa namanye ama-hedgehogs azinkulu kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile azifinyeleli ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhilogremu. Kodwa-ke, izindlebe zabo zikhulu ngokungafaniyo - cishe amasentimitha amathathu. Futhi ukuhlobisa okunjalo imininingwane ebonakalayo ekhanda.

Ama-hedgehogs anjalo ahlala ezifundeni ezifudumele ze-Eurasia, zihlala kahle ogwadule nasezintabeni ezomile. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nhlobo umkhuba wokucasha ezitheni, ubaleke masinyane. Ngenkathi izinhlobo eziningi zama-hedgehogs zivame ukugoqa zibe yibhola elinobuthi bese iqhwa ngale ndlela.

Uthole i-hedgehog

4. I-hedgehog yenaliti ende. Igama ngokwalo lisakaza kahle ukuthi izinaliti zama-hedgehogs amade kunalezihlobo. Bafinyelela usayizi ongu-4 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibala yabo ingahlukahluka kakhulu: kusuka ekukhanyeni okukhulu kuya kokumnyama, kepha izinaliti ezimnyama, njengomthetho, zinezisekelo ezimhlophe.

Lezi hedgehogs bezibuye zibizwe ngokuthi ziyimpandla ngenxa yobukhona bezindawo eziyinduna emqheleni wekhanda. Bahlala kakhulu phakathi kwamathafa amatshe, bahlala ezintabeni, kwesinye isikhathi ezitholakala emathafeni. Ububanzi bawo bufinyelela eTurkmenistan nase-Uzbekistan, kanye nasemazweni aseGulf. Izinhlobo zithathwa njengezinqabile, njengoba kuphawuliwe eNcwadini ebomvu.

I-hedgehog yenaliti ende

5. I-hedgehog yase-Afrika - Izinhlobonhlobo ziyathakazelisa kakhulu. Izilwane ezinje zinamadlebe ayindilinga namehlo amancane, anomsila obude obungama-2,5 cm.Ahlala emazweni aseningizimu yehlane laseSahara. Lezi zidalwa ziyaziwa ngokuzala imisindo ehlaba umxhwele. Bayakwazi ukuklabalasa nokuhogela, futhi lapho besaba, bakhale kakhulu.

Ubukhulu besilisa - abamele le nhlobo (imvamisa bancane kunezinsikazi) bungaba ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Yingakho inegama elilodwa ngaphezulu: pygmy hedgehog. Ngabe kudlani ama-hedgehogs? Lezi zakhamizi zase-Afrika zidla izibungu, iminenke, izinyoka, izinyoka, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kanye nama-arachnids.

I-hedgehog yase-Afrika

6. Isihlabelelo esivamile. AmaHedgehogs alezi zinhlobonhlobo angabahlali bamahlathi ashisayo futhi amelela ama-urchins angaphansi kwamagundane. Babukeka njengamagundane impela. Ukubukeka kwezidalwa ezinjalo kuhlotshiswe ngomsila omude, kumbozwe esikalini nezinwele.

Umbala ubamhlophe ikakhulukazi, uhambisana nezindawo ezimnyama nezibomvu. Lezi zidalo zidla izithelo zezitshalo, ama-invertebrates kanye nama-crustaceans, azideleli izinhlanzi, amasele nezilwane ezincane. Ubukhulu bezilwane buhlukahluka kakhulu, kepha abantu abakhulu kakhulu bayakwazi ukukhula ngo-45 cm ubude.

IHedgehog Okujwayelekile

Isikhathi sebusika

Ezinyangeni ezibandayo, ama-hedgehogs angena ekubandakanyeni. Ngaphambi kokulala emgodini, lesi silwane sithola ungqimba lwamafutha okuzivikela olungavumeli ukuba iqandiswe yiqhwa. Ukushisa komzimba wabo kwehla kuya kuma-degree angama-3-4, kanti ukushaya ngamandla ngesikhathi sokulala okujulile kufinyelela ku-60 beats ngomzuzu.

Uma isilwane sehluleka ukuthola inani elifanele lamafutha angaphansi, khona-ke ngeke sikwazi ukusinda ebusika. Ama-hedgehogs angama-Skinny nabulawa yindlala avuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi masinyane ahambe ayofuna izinambuzane.