Wabasaqalayo e-aquariums badidanisa i-algae nezitshalo, kepha umehluko phakathi kwale mibono mkhulu. Izitshalo eziphakeme zihlobisa i-aquarium futhi zidala izimo ezidingekayo zokuphila kwezinhlanzi. I-algae yizidalwa zokhula ezithinta izitshalo eziphakeme futhi, kwezinye izikhathi, izinhlanzi ze-aquarium. Ama-aquarists amaningi abhekene nokuvela kwe-plaque eluhlaza engilazini, enhlabathini nasekuhlobiseni. Ukuhlaza okungafuneki e-aquarium konakalisa umbono wezwe elingaphansi kwamanzi.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu zomonakalo we-ecosystem:

1. umunyu wamanzi
2. ushintsho umbala wombala lube luhlaza okotshani,
3. ubuhle bendawo, ingaphezulu kwamanzi kanye nomhlabathi kumbozwe ngefilimu eluhlaza noma iplagi,
4. amazinga aphakeme we-phosphorus kanye ne-nitrate,
5. ukubukeka okuningana kwe-plaque eluhlaza emanzini e-aquarium.

I-Plaque ngamanani amancane ibhekwa njengejwayelekile. Ungakhathazeki lapho ubona amachashazi ambalwa aluhlaza ku-aquarium. Bheka izimbali, uma ingilazi iphenduka ibe luhlaza futhi amanzi eba ngamafu, lokhu kufanele kubangele ukukhathazeka.

Yini edingekayo ekuhlanzeni

Ukuhlanza i-aquarium, udinga imishini yokuhlanza:

Hlanza i-aquarium kanye ngesonto. Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ngezigaba eziyi-8:

1. Tshala izinhlanzi nezinye izidalwa.
2. Hlanza ingaphakathi le-aquarium, susa amadiphozithi akho ngesikhafu sonke ubude.
3. Donsela ingxenye yamanzi ngesigaxa esisele esele ebhakedeni.
4. Siphon inhlabathi.
5. Susa imihlobiso namatshe, uhlanze ngokucophelela kusuka kwimifino.
6. Geza ingaphakathi lemishini ngamanzi athathwe esitsheni.
7. Faka amanzi ahleliwe ngaphambili.
8. Sula ithangi ngaphandle.

Ungasusa kanjani imifino e-aquarium

Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo okuhlanza kuyindlela eyeqisayo. Okokuqala, shintsha izimo zokuphila zabahlali base-aquarium:

1. Yehlisa amahora okukhanya kwelanga abe amahora angama-10 ngosuku.
2. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo emanzini. Faka i-aquarium okungenani amamitha ayi-1.5 ukusuka ewindini.
3. Khulisa i-pH. Amanzi we-alkaline alimaza ukhula. Qikelela lapho ushintsha amapharamitha wamanzi; kufanele aqhubeke elungele izakhamizi zasemanzini.
4. Faka endaweni ye-15-20% yevolumu yamanzi njalo, uhlanze izindonga nenhlabathi ye-aquarium.
5. Tshala inani elikhulu lezitshalo ezitsheni. Izitshalo eziphakeme eziphakeme zivimbela ukwakheka kokhula.
6. Nakekela umanyolo wenhlabathi.
7. Qinisa ukuhlunga nokukhuculula.
8. Faka esikhundleni ama-light bulbs uma kunesidingo. Amanye amalambu, afiphele, aguqula ubukhulu bokukhanya. Ukukhanya okungakhethwe kahle kubulala izitshalo eziphakeme, kufaka isandla ekusakazeni ukhula.
9. Indlela engalungile kuwo wonke ama-aquariums: shiya lo mkhumbi amasonto amathathu, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho kwenzeka khona umjikelezo wokusabalalisa i-algae oluhlaza, ngemuva kwalokho amangqamuzana afa namanzi kucace. Khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa i-algae eluhlaza, izitshalo ziyafa.
10. Hlela izinhlanzi ezinkulisa neminenke echibini.

Abahlali abasiza ukulwa ne-plaque:

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ngokugcina i-aquarium

Wonke umuntu othanda umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi kuleli gumbi ngokushesha kufanele abhekane nezinkinga zokuhlanzeka kwe-aquarium.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu.

1. Ukuguquguquka kwamanzi. Amanzi alahlekelwa ukuvela kwawo bese eba mhlophe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka e-aquarium entsha esanda kugcwala inhlanzi. Le nto yinto yesikhashana. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesibalo samagciwane kwenza opaque wamanzi. Lokhu kuqhubeka izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ngokuphakelwa kwenhlanzi okufanele kanye nokubusa okuphelele kwezinga lokushisa, isigaba esilandelayo ekwakhekeni komhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi ukulingana kwezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinye ezihleleke kakhulu. I-infusoric turbidity iyanyamalala.
2. Igoqa emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, inhlabathi ingahle idonswe yifilimu emnyama futhi ikhiphe amabhulebhu ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukubola kokulahlwa kwendalo kwenzeka, okwawela emhlabathini ekuqaleni noma ngenqubo yokondla izinhlanzi. Ukuze uvikele lokhu, kungcono ukwehlisa izilwane ezifuywayo kunokudla ngokweqile. Izindlela ezengeziwe zokulwa nezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini zingomnenke.
3. Shintsha umbala wamanzi ube luhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. Lokhu kungenxa yentuthuko ye-algae emanzini: luhlaza, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma nsundu.
4. Ukwakheka kwe-plaque ezindongeni. I-Plaque nayo ingaba luhlaza noma nsundu.

Lezi zinkinga ezimbili ziyahlangana, zivame ukuba nezimbangela ezijwayelekile, izindlela zokuziqeda nazo ziyefana. I-Plaque ezindongeni iyinkathazo enkulu kunazo zonke empilweni ye-aquarium.

I-plaque eluhlaza odongeni: kanjani ukuqeda?

I-brown plaque ibangelwa ukukhula kwe-algae brown. Isizathu sokwakheka kwayo ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa ku-aquarium. Njenganoma imuphi umzimba ophilayo wamanzi, emhlabeni wethu ovaliwe ongaphansi kwamanzi kukhona zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, amabhaktheriya kanye nolwelwe.

Imbalance iholela ekukhuleni ngokushesha komzimba. I-brown plaque iqedwa ngokuvumelanisa isibani nokujwayelekile. Geza izindonga, buyisela amanzi amancane bese ungeza ukukhanya - futhi usuqedile.

Inkinga nge-algae brown ixazululwe. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokufakwa esikhundleni sokwenza okuluhlaza okotshani, njengoba kuhleliwe kakhulu.

Ikhosi ye-biology yesikole edume kunazo zonke i-euglena eluhlaza. Yileli alga eliyimbangela enkulu yamanzi aluhlaza. I-Plaque yakhiwa nge-algae eluhlaza yezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo - i-edogonium engcolile ne-xenococcus.

Lawa algae aluhlaza ajwayelekile akhula odongeni lwe-aquarium namatshe phansi. Kunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nabo, ngakho-ke sizocubungula zonke izindlela.

1. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-algae eluhlaza kungukukhanya ngokweqile. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo ku-aquarium. Ibanga eliya efasiteleni kufanele okungenani libe ngamamitha ayi-1.5. Thatha izibani zokukhanyisa okwenziwe ngesilinganiso esingu-0,5 W / l isikhathi esingekho ngaphezulu kwamahora ayi-8 ngosuku. E-pH ephezulu e-aquarium, i-algae eluhlaza nayo ikhula kancane kakhulu.
2. Ukuhlanza odongeni njalo nokushintsha kwamanzi okuyingxenye. Nakekela umhlaba wakho ongaphansi kwamanzi futhi uzogwema izinkinga eziningi. Izindonga kufanele zihlanzwe ngesiponji esithambile, ukusika ngeshidi kuyisilinganiso esedlulele. Ukuqhekeka engilazini kwenza ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-algae zihlale futhi ziqhubeke zanda. Ukushintshwa kwamanzi akufanele kudlule ¼ yevolumu ephelele.
3. Indlela yokuhlanzwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Le yindlela efiseleka kunazo zonke. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ze-aquarium zidla ku-algae. Cishe yonke i-viviparous - ama-guppies, izinkemba, iPecilia ne-molly. I-Karasiki, igolide, i-veiltail, izibonakude futhi zihlukanisa ukudla kwazo ngemifino. Ochwepheshe bathi izitshalo ezingcono ze-aquarium zikhula, ama-algae angaphansi aphindaphindwa. Usizo olukhulu ekuhlanzeni izindonga namanzi kuzoba yiminonjana ehlukahlukene. Badla konke okusele ukudla, abanye bahlunga amanzi ngokwabo, ngaleyo ndlela bedla ulwelwe olungafani nolwelwe. Ama-Ampouleurs athande ukuququda ulwelwe kusuka engilazini. Kepha, njengakuyo yonke into, umuntu kufanele abheke isilinganiso. IDaphnia neCyclops zingawususa masisha wonke umthamo, kepha zona ngokwazo ziyisinambuzane esimnandi senhlanzi.
4. Ukonga amanzi. Kulesi sihloko, sihlola ama-aquariamu anamanzi acwebile. Ezindongeni zasolwandle musa ukugcwala nge-algae eluhlaza, kunezinkinga. Uma i-acid acidization ingenzeki ngenxa yokulungiswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi, ungazama amanzi kasawoti, hhayi ngaphezu kwe-1 g / l. Usawoti uzobambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algae eluhlaza emanzini.
5. Indlela yamakhemikhali. Ama-antibiotic ayasiza ukulawula ama-bacterium kanye ne-algae ephansi uma inkinga ihambile kakhulu futhi ezinye izindlela zingasizi. Ungaphatha i-aquarium nge-Riboflavin, iTartaflavin, iRivanol (0,1 g nge-100 l). Kepha uma usebenzisa lezi zinto, iminenke nezinye izitshalo ze-aquarium ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza ziyahlupheka. IKabomba ne-Hornwort zizodonsa amahlamvu ngokushesha ngemuva kokusebenzisa le mishanguzo. IStreptomycin ne-penicillin azinamandla kangako. Izitshalo nenhlanzi ngeke zithinteke. Umthamo osetshenzisiwe weStreptomycin ngu-0.3 mg / l amahora angama-48, khona-ke amanzi kufanele afakwe elinye. Amakhemikhali aphephe kakhulu okhipha amagciwane e-aquarium yi-3% hydrogen peroxide. Ukugxila kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 mg / l nge-aeration ethuthukisiwe. Ukushintshwa kwamanzi akudingeki.

Imodi yokushisa

Izinga lokushisa eliphakanyisiwe linomphumela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni ukhula. Qiniseka ukuthi isibani asifudumeza amanzi kakhulu, futhi ngenkathi efudumele, qaphela kakhulu ngombuso wokushisa.

Emanzini afudumele, i-oksijini isatshalaliswa kubi, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuqhubeke ngokushesha, kuvuselela ukukhishwa kwe-nitrate emanzini. Lezi zinto zinomsoco wokhula oluhlaza.

Ibhalansi yemvelo yisihluthulelo sokuhlanza i-aquarium yakho

Indlela elula yokufeza i-aquarium ehlanzekile ukuyihlela kusukela ekuqaleni.

E-aquarium ehlelwe kahle, kusungulwa imvelo yokulingana, futhi amanzi kuyo akakwazi ukuguqulwa iminyaka.

Izeluleko ezimbalwa zokuthi ungaqala kanjani nge-aquarium yakho.

1. Lapho likhulu ivolumu, kuba lula ukusungula i-biocenosis kuyo. Ama-Aquariums amalitha ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu ngokuvamile athathwa njengokwesikhashana - ukufaka izinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenhlanzeko noma ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. I-aquarium ekahle i-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayi-100. Kuphela emzimbeni onjalo wamanzi lapho impilo ingakwazi ukuzihlelela.
2. Inani le-aquarium enezinhlanzi kufanele libe sezingeni lezinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo ezi-1 ngamalitha ayi-5 amanzi, mhlawumbe uketshezi oluncane. Ukutshala kufanele futhi kubhekwe. Izitshalo zimunca imikhiqizo yemfucuza yezinhlanzi neminenke ephuma emanzini, igcwalise amanzi ngomoya-mpilo ngokucubungula ikhabhoni dioksiyidi phakathi kwe-photosynthesis. Kepha ebumnyameni, izitshalo ngokwazo zidla umoya-mpilo, futhi inqubo ye-photosynthesis ngalesi sikhathi iyama. Ngakho-ke, ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwezitshalo kungadlala ihlaya elinonya nge-aquarist engenalwazi, yize lokhu kuyivelakancane. Iminenke eyeqile ingaphenduka ekuqothulweni kwabahlanzayo ibe isixuku esingcolile; kuyadingeka ukunciphisa inani labo labantu ngesikhathi esifanele.
3. Kungcono ukuthenga izinhlanzi, izitshalo kanye neminenke ezitolo ezikhethekile noma kusuka kubalimi abanolwazi. Ingozi yokutheleleka kusuka endaweni yokugcina yemvelo kukhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasekuthelelekeni kwe-aquarium nge-euglena ehlobo, lapho iphindaphindeka kakhulu emachibini nasemachibini.
4. Ukondla izinhlanzi kufanele kube okulinganiselayo. Ukudla okwomile kufanele kudliwe ngemizuzu eyi-10-15. Okuthandwayo, vele, ekudleni okusha okubukhoma. Kwizinhlanzi eziningi ze-aquarium akunzima ikakhulukazi ukuzila ukudla izinsuku ezingama-3-4. Uma uzobe ungekho ekhaya, ungakuthululeli ukudla kwekusasa.
5. Ukukhanyisa Kufanele ufake i-aquarium ukuze ingawi elangeni eliqondile, kepha ukukhanya kwakwanele. Ibanga le-1.5 m ukusuka efasiteleni lingahle. Izibani ze-solar zihlelwe kahle ekuseni, futhi isikhathi sokukhanyisa amahora angama-8-10 ngosuku sanele. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga kunganxephezelwa ngokukhanya okufakwayo.

Ibhalansi yemvelo emisiwe e-aquarium ibonakala ngokubonakala kwamanzi kanye nohlaza lwemvelo lwezitshalo. Umbala wamanzi afanele, uma ukhetha ingilazi ku-aquarium, uphuzi. Lona amanzi abizwa ngokuthi yi-Fish isimo.

Amanzi aphila, i-biocenosis yasungulwa. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto kokusebenza komhlaba wezangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamanzi, lokhu kufanele kwenzeke. Uma kungenjalo, udinga ukuhlaziya amaphutha, kepha ungesabi. Imvelo ihlakaniphile, ungangiphazamisi.

Uma luhlaza luvela njalo

Izizathu zokuvela kwe-plaque eluhlaza nazo:

1. Ukusakazeka kokhula kungilazi ezincane. Hlanza ithangi ngokucophelela, kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-algae zihlale zingabonakali kakhulu engilazini.
2. Umanyolo owengeziwe. I-Plaque ye-greenery ivela uma kunezakhi eziningi zomzimba kunokuba izitshalo eziphakeme zimunca.
3. Ukuntuleka kukamanyolo. Ngokudla okunganele, izitshalo zikhula kabi futhi zibukeka zingcolile.

Izimali ezingeziwe yilezi:

1. I-Zeolite iyi-resin ekhulula amanzi amakhemikhali ayingozi enza emhlabathini.
2. Izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene ezandisa inani lamagciwane azuzayo nama-biostarter (Tetra SafeStart, NitrateMinus Pearls).
3. Izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ukulwa nokuluhlaza kwezindonga nokuvikela ukubonakala kokuluhlaza. Egameni lezidakamizwa ezinjalo, kutholakala igama elithi Algo, okusho ukuthi amanzi asolwandle (Tetra AlgoStop depot, Algetten, Sera Algopur).
   
4. I-Copper sulfate. Ayingeniswanga ku-aquarium ngenxa yobuthi. Kwisixazululo se-sulfate yethusi engu-0,2 mg ilitha lamanzi, izitshalo zigcinwa isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora amabili. Ithuluzi futhi lihloselwe ukulwa namagciwane.
5. I-Chlorine ne-bleach. Isixazululo kulula ukusilungiselela ekhaya: umkhiqizo ujutshwe namanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 20, isikhathi sokuvezwa yimizuzu engu-3-5.

Amathiphu

Ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi esele echibini nasekuhlanzeni okufanele, landela izincomo:

• Ungasebenzisi iziponji zasekhishini noma izikulufu eziye zaxhumana nezithambisi ukuhlanza i-aquarium. Izinsalela ziyingozi kwezinhlanzi.
• Uma kungenzeki ukuvula isibani se-aquarium futhi kuvaliwe ngesikhathi esithile, kudluliswa isikhathi sesikhathi sokutakula, okuzenzakalelayo ukushintshwa kwemini nobusuku ku-aquarium.
• Kungcono ukungasebenzisi iziqeshana zensimbi kanye nama-blade, ngoba ashiya ukuklwebha odongeni lwe-aquarium. Esikhundleni sokukhuculula, sebenzisa ikhadi leplastiki kanye ne-spatulas eyenziwe ngokhuni.
• Uma ungakwazi ukususa i-plaque ematsheni nasemihlobisweni, yibambe ku-bleach imizuzu engu-15, bese uthelela amanzi abilayo.
• Vikela ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi ngenxa yezinhlanzi ezidlulela ngokweqile. Ukuphakelwa okuthulisiwe kudliwa ngemizuzu emi-5.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, amanzi agcwele i-algae eluhlaza. Izakhamizi zasemanzini zidla izitshalo eziphansi. Ezinhlanzini ezishisayo, imifino iyisisekelo sokudla, kwabanye kuyisengezo esidingekayo. Ama-crustaceans amancane asebenza njengendawo yokuhlala.

Yini le

I-Bloom eluhlaza luyikholomu ye-algae. Okuvame kakhulu yi-protococcus (Chlorococcum), uthuli oluhlaza (i-Green algae algae), kanye ne-xenococcus (Choleochaete orbicularis). Ifomula yangaphambili yangaphakathi kwengilazi kuphela, eyasengilazini nengaphezulu kwamanzi, kanti eyesithathu ingilazi namaqabunga ezitshalo ze-aquarium.

I-algae iyingxenye ye-microflora yemvelo yemvelo yasemanzini futhi ihlala ikhona kuyo.. Izinkinga zivela lapho izimo ezijwayelekile zephulwa - i-algae iqala ukwanda kakhulu. Ngokuqondile, bakha izinhlamvu. Izitshalo ezingama-Unicellular zivame ukuzala ngokwehlukana, futhi lokhu kwenzeka kancane. Uma ibhalansi yemvelo iphazamiseka, khona-ke iseli elilodwa lakha kuze kube ngama-32 spores, bese kuvela isitho esisha kuso ngasinye. Ukuzala kabusha kuleli cala kushesha.

Yehlisa ukukhula kwezitshalo eziphakeme

Izitshalo ze-Multicellular azidli izakhamzimba ezanele. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngoba zintula okuthile okubalulekile, okungabalulekile kangako ku-algae.

Esinye isizathu ukuhla kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwama-22 C. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izitshalo eziphakeme "ziyalala", ziyeke ukukhula, zidle kancane.

Khulisa okuqukethwe usawoti emanzini

Kunezizathu ezimbili zalokhu:

1. Amanzi asemanzini awazange anqunywe isikhathi eside. Kancane kancane, iyahwamuka, kuyilapho ukugcotshwa kukasawoti kuketshezi olusele kukhuphuka. Uma umane ungeza amanzi empompini, khona-ke kulawo masawoti asevele edlulele kuwo, kuzofakwa amaminerali aqukethe amanzi kampompi.
2. Inhlanzi yayiphathwa ngosawoti, okuyinto yemvelo yayihlala emanzini.

Siqhela ukusebenzisa indlela yemvelo

Buyisela ibhalansi yezidalwa eziphilayo esimweni semvelo esivaliwe se-aquarium usebenzisa izindlela zemvelo.

Kwama-aquarium asezingeni eliphakeme anganikezwa nge-carbon dioxide, indlela elula, edinga ukubekezela kuphela kumnikazi, ilungile. Kuyasebenza, okokuqala, ekulweni ne-protococcus kanye "nothuli oluhlaza". Ukugeza kanjani?

• shiya i-aquarium amaviki angama-3-4 ngaphandle komanyolo (umgwengwezi kufanele ube mhlophe)
• Hlanza ingilazi kahle
• buyisela amanzi asemanzini ngo-30%.

Uma i-carbon dioxide inikezwa e-aquarium, khona-ke kusamele wenze umanyolo, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo zizofa. Unganciphisa umthamo wamanyolo we-macro-25%. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi ungazami ukususa i-plaque kuze kube yilapho iba mhlophengaphandle kwalokho, amabala azokwakha kaninginingi, futhi impi yokulwa ne-algae izohlala unomphela.

Indlela yemvelo yiyona emnene kunazo zonke, kepha ikuvumela ukuthi uxazulule inkinga ngokuphumelelayo.

Ungabhekana kanjani namakhemikhali?

Uma ungakulungele ukulinda isikhathi eside kangako, ungasebenzisa amakhemikhali. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa i-streptomycin powder. Ukwenza lokhu, kuxutshwe namanzi abilisiwe futhi kufakwe emhlolweni ngesilinganiso se-3 mg kafulawa nge-1 litre lamanzi e-aquarium. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuhlaselwa kuzonyamalala, futhi abakhileyo emanzini ngeke bahlupheke.

Ukugeza kanjani? Izitolo ezikhethekile zithengisa izidakamizwa eziqonde ngqo ekubhujisweni kwe-aquarium algae. Phakathi kwazo kukhona umugqa womkhiqizo wenkampani yaseJalimane iTetra. Zisetshenziselwa zombili ukulwa nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-algae, nokuvimbela ukuzala kwazo. Le mishanguzo iyatholakala ezibhebheni nangefomu uketshezi.

Kufanele zisetshenziswe cishe njalo emavikini ama-4 ngokuya ngemiyalo yethuluzi ngalinye elithile. Umenzi womugqa ukhumbula ukuthi ngenkathi kusetshenziswa le mikhiqizo, izihlungi ze-UV kufanele zicinywe bese kucushwa ukufakwa kwekhabhoni okwenziwayo kufanele kugwenywe. Udinga futhi ukunikela nge-oksijini ku-aquarium futhi ususe i-algae efile.

Ukuhlanza kanjani?

Ukuhlanza imishini kuyingxenye yendlela yezinto eziphilayo, kepha kungenziwa ngokuzimela.

Amanye ama-olwandle asebenzisa isiponji esivamile noma indwangu yokuwasha insimbi. Kepha khumbula ukuthi ekuhlanzeni i-aquarium awukwazi ukuthatha izinto esezisetshenziselwe ezinye izinhloso. Amagciwane nezinsalela zokusabalalisa cishe cishe zihlale zikhona kuzo.

Kungcono ukuthenga isikulufu esikhethekile sama-aquariums. Ukuvikela isikhumba, ungagqoka amagilavu ​​enjoloba, kodwa kuphela lawo angakaze asetshenziswe ngaphambili lapho usebenza ngamakhemikhali.

• I-algae kusuka engilazini isuswa lapho i-aquarium igcwele, ngokucindezela okuncane engilazini. Uma i-plaque ayihambi kahle, udinga ukuyisakaza ngeshidi.
• Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukususa amanzi angcolisiwe ngepompo. Elinye isiphetho se-hose lifakwe emanzini e-aquarium, elinye ngesitsha esingenalutho, ngokwesibonelo, ebhakedeni futhi likhipha amanzi.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, baqala ukuhlanza amatshe. Iqongelela izinsalela zokuphakelwa nezinkunkuma zenhlanzi, isebenza njengendawo yokuzalanisa i-algae. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa yonke imihlobiso e-aquarium bese uphatha amatshe ngepompo. Uma isihlabathi sisetshenziswa e-aquarium, i-hose pump kufanele igcinwe kude ngo-2,5 cm ukuze isihlabathi singanceli. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukukhulula amatshe noma isihlabathi nge-spatula noma ngesandla.
• Hlanza umhlobiso. Kungelashwa ngesikhafu futhi sigeziswe ngamanzi, futhi uma singcolile kakhulu, singagcinwa kwikhambi le-bleach imizuzu engu-15, sikhuhlwe ngamanzi abilayo futhi omile.
• Gcwalisa ithangi ngamanzi ahlungiwe noma ahleliwe kahle.

Ukuvimbela

Ngezansi kwale mithetho, uqaphela ukuthi, ungakugwema ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-algae ku-aquarium yakho.

• Isikhathi sasemini akufanele singeqi amahora angama-11, ngokunengqondo - amahora angama-8. Ungasetha i-timer ukuze i-backlight isebenze, ngokwesibonelo, amahora ama-4 ekuseni namahora angama-4-5 ntambama.
• Gcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi ebangeni lika-22-27 C (ngokuphelele - 24-26 C).
• Gcina okuqukethwe kwe-phosphate okungadluli kuma-0.8 g / l, ama-nitrate - 25-40 mg / l.
• Khetha izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha.
• Shintsha amanzi asemanzini ngendlela efike ngesikhathi.

I-brown plaque echibini

I-brown plaque e-aquarium ivela ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwama-diatoms. Lokhu kungukumboza onsundu ezitshalweni, umhlobiso, inhlabathi, ingilazi. Ekuqaleni, ukuloba cishe kungabonakali, kepha kancane kancane iba ngumnyama omnyama. Ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, i-brown algae ingasuswa kalula kusuka kumhlobiso noma ingilazi. Ukuze ubasuse ezitshalweni, kwanele ukumane ubashukumise: bashubile futhi bavuka njengomsindo omncane. Uma i-reservoir isesimweni sokunganakwa, amafomu okumala amnyama, kancane kancane akhula izingqimba.

Ingqimba ephezulu kulula ukuyikhipha, kepha ungqimba olungaphansi alula kakhulu ukusula.

Kubukeka njengamaqabunga ezitshalo, izinto zokuhlobisa, ematsheni, emhlabeni noma esihlabathini esimnyama kuthululwa. Ingilazi yangaphambili iyakhula ukuze ukubonakala ngayo kube mpofu. Ama-element akhiwe ezansi angaba ne-coating ephuzi, okukhombisa nokubonakala kwe-algae brown.

Ukuba khona kwe-plaque emnyama endaweni yokugcina amanzi akubathinti kabi abahlali, kodwa ngezitshalo akulula kangako. I-brown plaque ezitshalweni ikhulisa inqubo ye-photosynthesis, ebalulekile. Uma izinyathelo zingathathwanga ngesikhathi, izitshalo zizokufa. Ama-diatoms asakazeka ngesivinini esikhulu: iqabunga elincane lesitshalo elisanda kuvela limbozwa ngokushesha nge-brown coating, ngakho-ke qeda inkinga ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ungayisusa kanjani i-plaque eluhlaza: ukutholakala okuyisisekelo

Ukugeza ngokushesha nokuhlanza i-aquarium, kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile ukulandelana komsebenzi. Inqubo iqukethe izigaba eziningana. Kuyadingeka:

1. Susa i-plaque eluhlaza ezindongeni. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlanza ingilazi engaphezulu ngesikhethi ngaphandle kokukhipha amanzi. Ezindaweni okungahlanzeki kuzo, sebenzisa insimbi.
2. Khipha amanzi amadala usebenzisa iphampu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gxobhoza umphetho owodwa we-hose emanzini bese wehlisa omunye ungene ebhakedeni. Kuhle ukuthenga ibhakede elisha elizosetshenziswa kuphela ukugeza ithangi.
3. Ukusula amatshe phansi kwendle nokudla okusalelayo. Ungabasusa usebenzisa iphampu ye-siphon, ngemuva kokukhipha ubucwebe nokuhlobisa. Ahamba ngepompo phezu kwamadwala. Uma kwenzeka unesihlabathi esikhona kuphela, udinga ukusebenzisa i-hose pump kuphela, ukuyigcina ibanga elingama-2,5 cm ukusuka phansi. Lokhu kuzovimbela isihlabathi ukuthi singagxiliwa. Isandla sakho sisiglavu senjoloba noma nge-spatula, "khulula" uhlaka noma isihlabathi phansi ngokucophelela. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukuhlanzeka okujulile kwenhlabathi, ngoba izinhlayiya zemfucumfucwana kuzo ziyophakama.
4. Hlambulula ubucwebe nokuhlobisa. Lezi zinto kufanele futhi zihlanzwe, ngoba izinhlamvu zezitshalo zingaba khona ebusweni bazo. Uma izakhi zingcolile kakhulu futhi zizogezwa kahle, enye yezindlela zokuhlanza ukusebenzisa i-bleach. Kuyadingeka ukushiya imikhiqizo kusixazululo semizuzu engu-15, bese uhlanza umhlobiso ohlanziwe ngamanzi abilayo.
5. Thela amanzi ahlanzekile, ahlala noma ahlungiwe. Gada amazinga okushisa ayo nge-thermometer. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa amanzi, linda amahora ambalwa ukuze izinhlayiya ezikhuphukayo zihlale phansi futhi amanzi akhanye.
6. Hlanza ingaphandle le-aquariumusebenzisa izithasisi ezikhethekile, isoda noma uviniga weviniga. Hlanza isiponji noma i-rag nge-ejenti yokuhlanza bese usula ngokuphelele yonke indawo yangaphandle, ngokuqala isibani bese uphela ngengilazi nesembozo.

Uma ugcina i-microclimate ethandekayo endaweni yakho yokuhlala futhi izinhlanzi zakho ziphilile, ungageza i-aquarium kanye ngesonto, uthathe indawo ye-10-20% yevolumu yamanzi. Lapho izilwane ezifuywayo zigula, udinga kaningi ukuhlamba i-aquarium futhi ushintshe wonke amanzi, noma u-50-70%.

Esikhundleni samanzi we-aquarium

Plaque ezindongeni ze-aquarium

Okokuqala, i-plaque ezindongeni ze-aquarium noma ingilazi ayakhiwa kusuka empilweni enhle yezwe le-aquarium - umane ubeka, ku-aquarium yakho, kukhona okungahambi kahle. Futhi ukususa noma yikuphi ukuphanga, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukubuyisela ibhalansi yemvelo ye-aquarium. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuhlanza okulungile nangokujwayelekile kwe-aquarium, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo adingekayo uma kwenzeka kuphambuka okujwayelekile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunakekelwa ngokweqile: ukuhlanza nokushintsha amanzi e-aquarium nakho kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.

Kunzima ukunikeza izincomo ngqo mayelana nale nkinga, njengoba konke kuncike: umthamo we-aquarium, izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, izitshalo, indawo lapho ufinyelela khona amanzi, njll. Ngokuvamile, kufanele ulandele izincomo ezijwayelekile - isb. izincomo zokuhlanza i-aquarium masonto onke kanye nokuhlanza imishini. Udinga futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi "amanzi" amadala we-aquarium ahlala engcono kunokutsha - ungawasebenzisi ngokweqile ngokuhlanza nokuguqula amanzi. Khumbula ibhalansi yezitshalo nenhlanzi, ungalokothi ugcobe kakhulu i-aquarium, ungenzi ihostela kuyo. Esikhathini sakho sokulwa kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube izindlela eziyimpendulo zokuphendula: amalahle e-aquarium, i-zeolite, eqala amasiko aqala ngamagciwane.

Okwesibili zonke izinhlobo zama-plaque ezakhiwe, amafu ezindongeni ze-aquarium, zibangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene. Empeleni, ngakho-ke, konke ukuphanga kungahlukaniswa ngombandela ngombandela: kuluhlazaukuhlaselwae-aquarium (oluhlaza okotshani), omhlopheukuhlaselwa ku-aquarium(mhlophe) noma i-aquarium mucus.

Ungabhekana kanjani nazo? ... Elula ngokwanele!

Ngokuphathelene nohlu oluhlaza ezindongeni ze-aquarium, ezingakha futhi ekuhlobisweni kwe-aquarium (izitshalo zokufakelwa, itshe). I-plaque enjalo ibangelwa ukuqhakaza ngokweqile kwamanzi - ukwakheka kwenani elingalawulwa le-algae. Ukuhlasela okunjalo kubangelwa ukunganakekeli i-aquarium futhi, ngenxa yalokho, okweqisayo kwezinto ezi-organic (imikhiqizo yokuqothula i-ammonia).

Ikhambi: qhuba ukuhlanza e-aquarium, buyisela amanzi e-aquarium ngento entsha, uyicishe (ungavuli isibani esingemuva, ngaphandle kokuthi kuyindaba yama-diatoms), uqinise ukuhlunga nokuvuselela i-aquarium, ungathenga amaphilisi “okuqhakaza” kusuka ku-algae esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Ake ngininikeze isibonelo, elinye lazo ngamaphilisi eTetra okulawulwa kwe-algae.

I-TetraAqua AlgoStop depo - Lawa amathebulethi ancibilikayo okulawula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algae. Ngokucophelela ubhubhisa ama-algae ahlukahlukene kumanzi we-aquarium afakiwe, kufaka phakathi Intshebe emnyama kanye nolwandle oluhlaza okotshani, futhi kuvimbela ukukhula kwawo okuthe xaxa.

Indlela yokusebenzisa: Amacwecwe abekwa phansi endaweni yokuhamba kwamahhala. Isikhathi somuthi singamaviki ayi-6, emva kwalokho amathebhulethi asuswa emanzini. Amacwecwe aqukethe izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikhishwa kancane kancane zingene emanzini. Ithebhulethi ayichithi ngokuphelele, kodwa igcina ukwakheka kwayo kwangempela. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-6, uyeka ukufaka izinto ezigculisayo futhi kufanele zisuswe emanzini. Ukuncipha kancane kwesidakamizwa emanzini kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinto ezisebenzayo i-AlgoStop depot, esikhathini eside. Uma isetshenziswa kahle, umuthi awulimazi inhlanzi nezitshalo zase-aquarium.

Umthamo:Ukuvimbela: 1 ithebhu. Amalitha angama-50 amanzi. Ukubhubhisa i-algae ehlanzekile: 1 ithebhulethi ngamalitha amanzi ayi-25.

Zikhona nezinye izidakamizwa ze-algae, ezibizwa ngokuhlangana - ama-algaecides.

Izidakamizwa ezingenhla ziphinde zibhekane nezinye izinhlobo ze-algae brown plaque (diatoms), intambo (imicu eluhlaza), i-villi emnyama (intshebe emnyama).

Imikhiqizo ka-Tetra algae isuselwa ku-monolinuron - i-algicide emnene, emnene. Ungase futhi uncome amalungiselelo asuselwa ku-glutaraldehyde, ngokwesibonelo, ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu Ukulungiselela kwasolwandle iMedos VladOx.

I-Aquarium: izindonga, imihlobiso noma imishini yambozwa ngembobo emhlophe - umucu omhlophe, kufanele ngenzeni?

Ukuvela kwe-muucish mucus kuyinkinga evamile kuma-aquariums amasha. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqukethwe ngokweqile kwezinto ezi-organic emanzini (PJ, organics). I-plaque emhlophe iqukethe amakoloni amaningi wama-bacteria we-saprophytic, empeleni adla ngokweqile kwezinto eziphilayo. Lawo mabhaktheriya kanye nomunyu awunangozi, angazilimazi izidalwa zasemanzini. Kepha ukuba khona kwabo akujabulisi iso futhi kukhombisa ukungalingani kokuthile okukhona emanzini. Njengomthetho, i-mucus emboza i-driftwood yemvelo (indawo okuhlalwa kuyo kakhulu yezinto eziphilayo). Imvamisa, kubonwa amakoloni amaningi odongeni lwe-aquarium endaweni lapho kugeleza khona isihlungi - amagciwane “abamba amaswidi” emoyeni, awanikeze umfudlana wamanzi.

Lesi musulu sisuswa ngokumane - ngomshini. Amanye ama-aquarists ayeluleka ancistrus noma okunye ukuhlelekalokho kuzosusa umunyu. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-plaque izonyamalala ngokushesha nje lapho ukulingana kwemvelo sekuhlanganisiwe. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke ngokushesha, kunconywa ukuqinisa ukungcola, ukunciphisa inani lokuphakelayo, okungukuthi, ngazo zonke izindlela kufaka isandla ekunciphiseni nasekusebenziseni ngokushesha i-PDA. Ngamalungiselelo we-aquarium, unganikeza ukufaka isicelo I-Tetra Bactozyme futhi I-Tetra SafeStart, okuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwekoloni lama-bacterium a-nitrifying ezuzisayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kunciphise ukugcwala kwezifo.

Ividiyo ye-Aquarium Anti-Plaque

Ukuhlanganiswa kwengilazi: izimpawu nezimbangela

Ukuvela kwe-plaque eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-aquarium kuyinto evamile phakathi kwabahleli bamanzi olwandle. Imvamisa, le nto ihlotshaniswa nokunakekelwa okungafanele kwethangi kanye nokwephulwa kwebhalansi yempilo yezinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yalokho okhula lwayo e-tanki, kudale ifilimu eluhlaza engcolile engilazini ye-aquarium:

• I-Protococcus iyi-algae enama-unicellular eyenza ifilimu eluhlaza ngombala wendawo noma isiqeshana engilazini yethangi. Kulula ukuwahlanza.
• I-Xenococcus - izibonakalisa ngesimo samabala ayindilinga ezindongeni, kunzima ukuyihlanza futhi "ikhula" ingilazi.
• Ama-diatoms yisizathu esenza amatshe, imihlobiso, ngisho nezitshalo ziphenduke ziluhlaza.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-protococcus ikhona kuyo yonke imithombo, futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-biobalance. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi we-algae kungenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqongelela okwandayo kwe-phosphorus endaweni yasemanzini, okudlula ku-0.8 g / l.
• Ukugcina umbuso wokushisa isikhathi eside ngenhla kwe-27C.
• Ukwanda kokuhlushwa kukasawoti ethangini.

Izizathu zokwakhiwa kwe-plaque

Ama-aquarists angomakadebona, asuselwa ekuboneni nasekufundeni umbuzo wokuthi ungaqeda kanjani indawo eluhlaza okotshani e-aquarium, athola lezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

• Indawo engalungile yethangi - uma ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kudalulwe ethangini lezinhlanzi, lokhu kudala izinkinga eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwensimbi eluhlaza odongeni lwe-aquarium.
• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi eliphakeme - lapho izinga lokushisa le-thermometer lidlula i-27C, kwakheka indawo enhle ethangini lokuqhakambisa i-algae eliyingozi.
• Isamba esikhulu semfucuza - izinsalela ezingcolile zokudla nempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo kuholela ekungcoleni kwethangi, ukubola nefilimu eluhlaza okotshani.
• Ukuntuleka kwesihlungi tanko kungenye yezizathu ezenza ukuthi amatshe, ingilazi kanye nokuhlobisa kube ngembozwe ngefilimu eluhlaza engcolile.

Ungasusa kanjani i-plaque eluhlaza e-aquarium

Ngaphambi kokufunda ukususa i-plaque eluhlaza kuze kube sekupheleni, kufanele unqume imbangela yokuthuthuka kwe-algae, futhi uyiqede, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulwa ngeke kube nalutho. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokubi, kufanele ulungiselele amathuluzi alandelayo ukuqeda i-plaque:

• Isikhafu ngebhadi - esidingekayo ukugeza ingilazi.
• Ibhakede lakudala noma ubheshi onamandla angaphezu kwamalitha ayi-10.
• Amanzi okubuyisela uketshezi ku-aquarium.
• Iphampu yohlobo lweSiphon.
• Isoda / newayini leviniga ukususa ukungcola kanye namagciwane.
• Isixazululo se-Bleach 10%.

Ungakugeza kanjani i-aquarium futhi uqede i-plaque eluhlaza:

• Okokuqala, udinga ukususa ama-greens ezindongeni ze-aquarium, ngemuva kokuphinda wenze izinhlanzi echibini elihlukile, bese usebenzisa i-scrark nge-blade. Amanzi avela ethangini awakhishwa. Ukuze kube lula, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-magnetic scraper.
• Amanzi angcolile akhanywa ngaphandle kwe-aquarium kusetshenziswa ipompo: elinye ihose licwiliswa ethangini, elinye ebhokisini elidala.
• Ngemuva kokudonsa amanzi, aqala ukuhlanza izinto zangaphakathi. Imihlobiso nokuhlobisa kuyakhishwa esitsheni bese kubekwa eceleni - kufanele kubhekwane nakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngemuva kwalokhu, iphampu idlula ematsheni, idonsa ukungcola kanye ne-algae, kanye nasemhlabathini. Uma isihlabathi noma amatshe asetshenziswa njengesiqalo, inhlabathi iyakhululwa ngesandla futhi yenziwe nge hose ebangeni elingama-2,5 cm ukusuka phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-substrate ngeke idonseke kwi-hose.
• Ubucwebe obususiwe nezinto zokuhlobisa kuhlanza i-plaque ngesandla. Uma izinga lokungcola liphezulu, khona-ke i-bleach iyasetshenziswa - izakhi zicijiselwa endaweni yesixazululo imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwe-20, bese zikhanywa ngamanzi abilayo.
• Amanzi ahlanzekile avikelwe ngaphambili athululelwa ethangini eligeziwe, futhi izinkomba ziyalinganiswa: izinga lokushisa, ubulukhuni, i-asidi Uma amapharamitha ejwayelekile, kufanele ulinde amahora ambalwa ukuze izinhlayiya ezisemanzini zixazulule ziqonde phansi, bese uketshezi luvele obala.
• Isinyathelo sokugcina ukuhlanza i-aquarium kusuka ngaphandle, sebenzisa isoda noma uviniga weviniga njengezimbumbulu. Okokuhlanza, fafaza i-rag ehlanzekile noma isiponji ngomkhiqizo, bese usula ngobunono ubuso bethangi nemishini.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Ukuze uvikele ukufaka okuluhlaza odongeni lwe-aquarium, izindlela zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu:

• Faka uketshezi ethangini njalo.
• Bheka amandla okukhanya, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kanye namahora okukhanya kwemini.
• Izimila eziphilayo zitshalwa e-aquarium: izimbali ezingaphansi kwamanzi ethangini, zinciphisa ithuba lokwakheka kwe-plaque.
• Izinhlanzi ezidla i-algae zitholakala endaweni yokugcina amanzi: ikati lezinhlanzi, ipecilia, abae kanye ne-Amano shrimp.
• I-aquarium ihlala inakekelwa: inhlabathi ye-siphon, hlanza izinsalela zokudla bese ugeza ingilazi.

Ukuqhakaza okuluhlaza echibini lokufakelwa yinto ecasulayo, kodwa hhayi ukubulala. Kungenzeka ususe ifilimu eluhlaza engcolile ezingilazini usebenzisa izithambisi futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngendlela ehlelekile. Ukulandela imiyalo nezeluleko zama-aquarists ezinolwazi, wonke umuntu obaqalayo angathola imiphumela emangazayo.

Izindlela namathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukuhlanza

Imishini ekhethekile izosiza ukugeza ingaphakathi lendonga:

• isikhafu sengilazi sokususa amadiphozi amnyama kanye ne-algae,
• siphon ukuhlanza umhlabathi
• umthamo (ibhakede, umcengezi),
• inetha.

I-Magnetic Scraper

Ukuhlanza iSiphon

Inethi yokubamba izinhlanzi

Isikhethi sikhethiwe ngokuya ngosayizi nohlobo lwe-aquarium. Kungcono ukunikeza ukukhetha kuzibuthe. Kuyabiza kakhulu, kepha iqoqa ukungcola okungaphezulu komhlaba wengilazi. Ngalezi zinhloso, ungasebenzisa isiponji esijwayelekile, esingafakwa emgibeni.

Ukuhlanza inhlabathi okhethekile kuzosiza ukugeza isihlabathi se-aquarium ngaphandle kokukhipha.

Uma kunesidingo sokushintsha amanzi, kungcono ukuthola izinhlanzi ngosizo lwetha. Kufanele futhi kukhethwe kucatshangelwa usayizi wezakhamizi, ukuze kuthi lapho zibanjiwe, amaphiko angalimali.

Ngaphezu kwamathuluzi athuthukisiwe, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza iyadingeka. Akufanele ugeze i-aquarium ngamalungiselelo aqukethe amakhemikhali. Uma izinhlayiya zabo zihlala ngaphakathi, kungenzeka zilimaze abahlali. I-baking soda yamukelekile, kepha futhi ingaba yingozi kwezinhlanzi. Ngemuva kokuhlanza izindonga nganoma iyiphi indlela, hlambulula yonke into ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Uma ungeke ukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwesixazululo esikhethekile sokugeza, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise insipho, iComet noma iDomestos.

Izindlela zabantu

Njengoba kunganconywa ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuhlanza i-plaque kusuka ezingilazini, kunezindlela zabantu zokulwa ne-algae engafuneki:

• I-20 g ye-citric acid kwifomu le-powder iyancibilika engilazini eyodwa yamanzi, ixutshwe bese ithululelwa ebhodleleni lokufafaza. Ngemuva kwalokho izindonga ziphathwa ngale nhlanganisela, ishiywe ikota yehora, igezwe kahle.
• Faka engxenyeni eyodwa ye-ammonia ezingxenyeni eziyi-10 zoketshezi bese ususa ungqimba lwe-mucus nekhambi.
• 1 tbsp. l i-acetic acid ixubene nengilazi eyodwa yamanzi bese isetshenziswa endaweni esivele iqale ukuba luhlaza.

Ngaphandle kokuthi izindlela zabantu zithathwa ngokucophelela futhi kuphephile kakhulu, zonke izakhamizi zidinga ukuthuthwa ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.