I-muskrat ingukuphela kokumelwa kohlobo, okungelokwabangaphansi kwama-voles kusuka ngokulandelana kwamagundane. Ngenye indlela, i-muskrat ibizwa nangokuthi i-musk rat. Ukhetha indawo yokuhlala yasemanzini. Yazalelwa eNyakatho Melika, lapho-ke yafuyiswa ngokwenziwa e-Eurasia.
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Ukubukeka
Isakhiwo somzimba se-muskrat sifana namagundane amakhulu. Abamele abantu abadala banesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili ubude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-23 kuye kwangama-36. Ubude bomsila buqhathaniswa nobude bomzimba futhi bungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-18 kuye kwangama-28. Umzimba walesi silwane unesimo cylindrical. Ikhanda lincane ngosayizi nge-muzzle ende. Intamo imfushane. Ekhanda kunezindlebe ezincane ezingabonwa ngenxa yoboya. Amehlo mancane futhi aphezulu esinqeni.
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Izinsimbi zitholakala ngaphandle kwendawo yomlomo ukusiza isilwane ukubhekana nezitshalo ezinzima ngaphansi kwamanzi. Umsila mkhulu futhi uthambile, umbozwe ngezikali ezincane nezinwele ezi-sparse. Imilenze yangemuva ifakwe ulwelwesi.
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Amagundane ama-Musk adume ngoboya bawo, ongangeni manzi ngekhwalithi. Uboya uqobo ngokwabo buphakeme futhi bukhulu. Ngemuva nangemilenze kungenzeka kube mnyama, nsundu, noma nsundu. Ngaphansi komzimba, uboya bukhanya ikakhulukazi, umbala wawo ungahluka kusuka kokumpunga kuya kokumpunga. Ama-Muskrats abukeka elula kakhulu ehlobo kunasebusika.
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Habitat
Izwe lakuqala le-muskrat kwakuyinsimu kusuka eNyakatho Melika kuya eMexico. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-muskrats ayevame ukulethwa eYurophu, athatha izimpande kuleyo ndawo kusuka eMongolia, China naseKorea. Zitholakala endaweni yemifula emisha kwa-Israyeli. E-Russia, i-muskrat ingatholakala esifundeni sase-Yuria eSiberia, e-Far East naseKamchatka.
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Amachibi Peat, imifudlana kanye nemisele kukhethwa njengezindawo zokuhlala. Sengathi siseduze namachibi okufakelwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eduze nezindawo zasemadolobheni, ngoba ama-muskrats awesabi abantu. Gwema izindawo ezinamanzi ayiqhwa nokuntuleka kwezimila.
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Umsoco
Ama-Muskrats adla ukudla kwesitshalo, kepha futhi angadla kuma-amphibians ahlukahlukene. Kuzo izimila, iklabishi, ukhula, umhlanga kanye nezitshalo eziningi emanzini kukhethwa. Izisulu ze-muskrats zingaba yi-crayfish, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-mollusks kanye namaxoxo. Musa ukudelela ukudla i-carrion. Cishe amaphesenti angu-7 okudla aqukethe ukudla kwezilwane.
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Ngenkathi yamakhaza zidla ezindaweni zokucasha ukudla, kanye nezimpande ezingaphansi kwamanzi kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Lezi yizilwane eziyizifunda kakhulu, okuthi noma zinesidingo esikhulu sokudla, zingashiyi indawo yazo ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-150.
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Indlela yokuphila
Ama-Muskrats ahlukaniswa ngokungabi bikho kwawo. Bangasebenza kakhulu cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sosuku. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukudala izimbobo ezingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ububanzi namamitha ayi-1,2 ngokujula. Njengomthetho, emhubheni kukhona ophumayo ongena emanzini. Amazinga okushisa womgodi angaphakathi angaphansi kwamazinga angama-20 ngokukaCelsius kunokushisa kwangaphandle.
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Imisele yakhiwe ngokwahlukana komunye nomunye. Kujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zilwane zizenzele ezazo ezondliwayo, ezitholakala ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-2-8 ukusuka emgodini futhi ezisetshenziswa njengokugcinwa kwempahla yokudla. Bephula imihubhe esuka endlini iye ku-feeder ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela ngokushesha okuhlinzekwayo.
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Ama-Muskrats ayabonakala ngamakhono awo okubhukuda. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwezakhi ezikhethekile egazini nasemisipha, zizizwa zikhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuthola umoya. Kwakunezimo lapho ama-muskrats engaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engu-17. Ngenxa yalawa makhono, angacasha ebungozini obungavela kwabanye abahlukumezayo.
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Isikhathi sokuzala
Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-25-35. I-brood eyodwa isukela kuma-7 kuya kwayi-8 cubs. Indawo yokuhlala enesimo sezulu esibandayo inomthelela kuma-broods amabili kuphela phakathi nonyaka, futhi izakhamizi zesimo sezulu esifudumele zizalela amalitha ayi-5. Ngemuva kokubeletha, owesilisa umatasatasa efuna ukudla kowesifazane, kanye nokuhlela izimo zokusinda kwamawundlu.
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Izinsana zizalwa zingaboni ngokuphelele ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-22. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, bathola amandla okubhukuda, kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa bakwazi ukudla imifino. Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-1, ama-muskrats amancane azimela, noma kunjalo, ubusika bokuqala buhlala eduze nabazali babo.
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Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-7 kuya kwele-12 ubudala. Isikhathi sokuphila ngokwemvelo siyiminyaka emithathu, futhi ekuthunjweni - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10.
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Muskrat nge-cub
Izitha emvelweni
Njengoba ama-muskrats emaningi emvelweni, imvamisa iba ngukudla kwabazingeli abaningi. Bahlaselwa ngama-raccoon, ama-otter, ama-alligator, amapikili, isikhova sezimbali nokunye. Amagwababa ahlukahlukene namantongomane angazingela amawundlu. Ama-Muskrats nawo avame ukuba yizisulu zezimpungushe ezinkulu nama-coyotes. Izimbungulu zemisiki zibhujiswa amabhere, izingulube zasendle nezimpisi. Ukuze zingaweli ezintanjeni zezilwane ezidla ezinye, ama-muskrats acasha ekujuleni kwamanzi noma ngaphakathi kokuncibilika kwawo. Uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa, izilwane zizivikela ngemilebe namazinyo azo.
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Inani labantu abangama-muskrats libonakaliswa i-fecundity ephezulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa okuhle nezinguquko zemvelo, kepha inani labo liyancipha njalo eminyakeni engama-6 ukuya kwengu-10. Lokhu kungenxa yemvelo ye-cyclic oscillation, kepha asikho isizathu esiqondile.
Incazelo yokubukeka
Ngokuya ngosayizi, lesi silwane simaphakathi kwesilinganiso ne-beaver. Umuntu omdala angafinyelela isisindo esingu-1.8 kg ubude bomzimba ophakathi kuka-45-70 cm. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhhafu walesi sihlahla uwela emsileni. Ifulelwe kamuva, imbozwe isikali nezinwele, nenhlanganisela yezinwele elukhuni iwela phansi. Lapho usuka kulo uhlala umsele phansi. Kwisisekelo saso kukhona izindlala ezimbili ze-inguinal. Ngabo iphunga lika-muskyindawo yokulinganisa izilinganiso.
Umzimba uyindilinga enekhanda elincane nesigaxa esimfushane. Kuzwa izindlebe zivela ngaphansi koboya. Amehlo mancane, atholakala kakhulu. Ukufana kwe-muskrat nge-beavers ukuthi incisors protrudengaphandle kokungena emlonyeni. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi aququde izinto ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuvula umlomo. Izingalo zesandla emuva zinkulu kuneyangaphambili. Zinezihlwayi zokubhukuda nemichilo ebukhali.
Ijazi loboya linezingxenye ezimbili: kukhona ngaphansi kwesilika ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka, futhi kunenqwaba eqinile evela ngenhla. Umbala uphekwe ngokuxubile: ingemuva nezikhonkwane zimnyama onsundu noma zimnyama, isisu simpunga ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ehlobo, uvolo uyasha ngaphandle elangeni bese ukhanya. Uboya bucebile, buthambile futhi bungangeni manzi. Isilwane siqapha ngokucophelela: sigcoba ngamafutha bese sihlanza.
Enye futhi amadivaysi empilo engaphansi kwamanzi ziyizinqolobane ze-hemoglobin egazini kanye ne-myoglobin emisipha. Lokhu kunikeza ama-muskrat ithuba lokungabi ne-oksijini isikhathi eside.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Insikazi ithwala amawundlu kungakapheli inyanga. Kwelitha elilodwa kunezingane ezifika ku-7-8. Esifundeni esenyakatho, inzalo enjalo ingaba ngu-1-2 ngonyaka. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zama-muskrats athela inzalo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka. Cishe inyanga, umama wondla izingane zakhe ngobisi, ezikhula ngokushesha futhi embozwe ngoboya. Kakade ngosuku lwesihlanu, amehlo amawundlu avulekile, futhi ngolweshumi aqala ukufunda ukubhukuda. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 35 ngemuva kokuzalwa, baqala ukubondla ngokudla kwezitshalo.
Ebusika, isizukulwane esisha sihlala ukuhlala ndawonye nonina. Futhi ngokuqala kokushisa kwentwasahlobo, uyazikhipha ku-mink. Ngakho-ke, ama-muskrats amancane athunyelwa empilweni yokuzimela.
Naphezu kokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, amagundane angama-musky phila hhayi iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3. Ezimweni zokwenziwa, isikhathi sempilo sinwetshwa iminyaka engama-9 ukuya kweli-10. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwezinto eziningi ezisongela endle.
Ukuzalela kweMuskrat
Lesi silwane singenye yezinto zokudoba, ukupha izinto ezibalulekile zoboya. Futhi eNyakatho Melika ifuhlwa inyama emnandi efana nenyama yomvundla. Ama-Muskrats atshalwa emapulazini akhethekile ngasese. Izikhumba ezivelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuthunga amajazi oboya, izigqoko nezinye izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene. Imikhiqizo enjalo iyadingeka, njengoba intengo yayo engabizi ihlanganiswa nekhwalithi enhle. Uboya buhlala isikhathi eside, buhle, bunezindawo ezibuyiselwa amanzi, busebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-4-5.
Emithini yabantu wasebenzisa amafutha e-muskrat angaphakathi. Ilungele ukugaya. Ama-Musky secretions asetshenziswa embonini yamakha.
Izimo zokuthunjwa
Esimweni sokufakelwa, izilwane zizama ukudala izimo zokuphila zemvelo kakhulu. Ukwenza lula inqubo yokwakha izindlu ziyaphoswa izinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene. Ukuphuma emgodini kufakwe uthango lweseli. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, bese ubeka umthamo omkhulu ngamanzi.
Isabelo sokuphakelwa sihluke kakhulu endle. Amagundane Musk uyakujabulela ukudla konke akunikayo. Kungaba:
- imifino emisha,
- utshani bama-dandelion kanye nomhlonyane,
- iphalishi
- isinkwa,
- ukolweni nezinto.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu, kunezelwa izithasiselo eziwusizo ekudleni kwama-muskrats: ushizi we-cottage shizi, ubisi, inyama, inhlanzi.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuqukethwe okuhle kwe-muskrat ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nabantu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunengozi yokutheleleka kubo ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezithathelwanayo.