Amarabi yi-encephalomyelitis eqhubekayo yokutheleleka ebangelwa amaRabies lyssavirus ovela emndenini we-rhabdovirus. Lesi sifo sithinta ngokushesha ubuchopho kanye nemicu yezinzwa zezilwane ezincelisayo futhi ezimweni ezi-100% kuholela ekufeni.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamarabi ekati elifuywayo kuyingozi hhayi kwisilo ngokwaso, kodwa nakubanikazi baso, ngoba amathe wesilwane esigulayo aqukethe amavayirasi wegciwane kudala ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamarabi emakati

Amarabi asemakati ahlala ekhaya mancane kakhulu kunasemgwaqweni nasezilwaneni zasendle.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leli gciwane lidluliselwa ngokuthintana phakathi kwamathe negazi lekati elinempilo, futhi alidluliswanga ngamaconsi omoya futhi alilethelwa okhalweni lwezicathulo nezingubo.

Izigaba zokutheleleka kwezilwane nabantu.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abanikazi bayayekisa amakati ukuze bahambe ngezinyawo noma bawagcine ngezilwane ezidinga ukuhamba njalo (isibonelo, nezinja). Uma kungabikho ukugoma esilwaneni esihamba, lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka.

Ikati elinegciwane liyingozi kubantu hhayi okwamanje kuphela lapho izimpawu zokuqala zamarabi ziqala ukuvela, kodwa futhi nasenkathini yokugcina (ekufukameleni). Kuze kube yilapho umenzeli we-causative ethinta isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi kanye nentambo yomgogodla, isilwane singabonakala siphile ngokuphelele futhi singakhombisi ulaka, kepha amathe aso vele aqukethe ama-virion ayingozi.

Isikhathi sokugcina samarabi sithatha isonto eli-1 siye ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ezimeni ezingavamile - kuze kube unyaka. Imvamisa, kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ayi-2.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwezifo isifo sincike eminyakeni yesilwane nendawo esungulwa kuyo i-pathogen. Lapho ikati elidala liguliswa, kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukusuka esikhathini sokutheleleka kuya ekuqaleni kwezimpawu, futhi isikhathi sokufakwelwa kitten sithatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-7.

Ukungena kwaleli gciwane ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa kanye nezilonda ekhanda kungaholela ngokushesha emonakalweni wezinzwa.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zamarabi

Izimpawu zamarabi zifaka lokhu okulandelayo:

• ushintsho olungazelelwe ekuziphatheni (ukukhathazeka, umsebenzi wekati ngokweqile noma ubuthi obuhlanganiswe nobubi),
• ukungaphenduki okwanele kwesisusa (imisindo, ukuziphatha komsingathi, njll.), indawo yokusesha emnyama,
• isifiso sekati sokukluma ukuluma noma ukuqaqamba okuthe ukungena kwangena emzimbeni,
• ukulahleka kwenzalo ekudleni okujwayelekile, amathoyizi,
• i-sagment enkulu, enqunywa ngokunamathela koboya bezungeze i-muzzle,
• ukuphazamiseka kwephephisi lesisu (ukuhudula isikhathi eside, ukugabha, ukuphuma kwegazi ngemijovo, njll.),
• ukugabha komhlathi ophansi,
• ukugwinya kwezinkinga, i-hydrophobia,
• i-meow ephezulu, okuthi esigabeni sokugcina ingukuguqula ukulahleka kwezwi ngenxa yesikhala somphimbo,
• iminyakazo
• ukukhubazeka komzimba.

Isimo somtholampilo kanye nokuphila kwempilo yesilwane esigulayo kuya ngesimo salesi sifo.

Izinhlobo zesifo

Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 zamarabi:

Imvamisa, izilwane zakha uhlobo lobudlova besifo, ngenxa yalokho olubizwa ngokuthi yi-classical.

Lezi ezimbili ezisele azivamile ukubonwa emikhubeni yezilwane, kepha zibeka ingozi enkulu kakhulu ngenxa yezimpawu ezinobuntu obuncane kanye nesifiso sesilwane esigulayo ukuxhumana nomniniyo.

Ifomu lakudala

Uhlobo lwe-rabies lwakudala luqhubeka ngezigaba ezi-3:

1. Esigabeni sokuqala (se-prodromal), isilwane esinegciwane siba yisifo esibulalayo, esinganaki. Ilahlekelwa intshisekelo yokudla namathoyizi owathandayo, imvamisa ifihla emakhoneni amnyama nasezindaweni ezivikelekile (ngemuva kwama-sofa, kumakhabethe, emakamelweni, njll). Kwezinye izimo, ikati liziphatha ngendlela ehlukile: liba ngathambekele ngokungathandeki futhi lithandane, liba nokuxhumana okuxakile. Indawo yokuluma iyacasuka futhi ilume, ibangele ikati ukuthi ilume noma inikine ikhanda. Isigaba se-prodromal siphela ngokuvela kwesifo sohudo, esihlala okungenani izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
2. Isigaba sesibili (se-manic) salesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukwanda kokwethuka kanye nokungaphatheki kahle kwesilwane. Ikati livame ukubhekabheka lingethuki futhi lilalele, livame ukuluma noma bhaqe abanini. I-Sensory stimuli (imisindo ephakeme, ukukhanya okukhanyayo) ibangela ukuhlaselwa konya, izinkathi zomsebenzi zitshintshwa izikhathi zokuvimbela. Ukulunywa esakhiweni sokulunywa kuyaqina. Ikati lithuthukisa i-pharyngeal spasm, okuvusa i-hydrophobia kanye ne-salivery ngokweqile. Isifiso sokuluma noma ukugaqa umuntu singabonakala esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo.
3. Esigabeni sesithathu (esidabukisayo) samarabi, ukukhubazeka kwezihlunu ze-pharynx kunciphisa ngokuphelele ikati lezwi lakhe. Isilwane sibukeka sigula futhi sikhathele kakhulu. Unamakhaza, ezimweni eziningi ukhubazeka ngokukhubazeka kwe-paw, okubangelwa ukulimala kwemicu yezinzwa yomgogodla. Ikati lilele ngaphandle kokunyakaza, empeleni elingaphenduli kumnikazi kanye nogqozi lwangaphandle.

Isikhathi sesifo esithombeni sekiliniki yezokwelapha yizinsuku ezi-3-11. Ezilwaneni ezibuthakathaka namakati, le nkathi iyancishiswa.

Ukufa kwesilwane kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula noma ukukhathala okujwayelekile, okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba. Ngohudo olude, izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamandla zivela ngokushesha, ngoba Ikati alikwazi ukubuyisa amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yomsipha we pharynx.

Ifomu le-Atypical

Uhlobo lwe-rypies lwamarabi luhlala isikhathi eside kunaleso sakudala. Isikhathi sokuphila kwesilwane esigulayo sifinyelela ezinyangeni ezingama-2-3. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo yisisu esibuhlungu kanye namathumbu (i-gastritis, i-enteritis), okuvezwa yisifo sohudo, ukulahleka kwesifiso, ukukhathala, ukumbumbuluzwa kwendle ngokuhlanganiswa kwegazi.

Ukuhlaselwa isikhathi eside sohudo kuhlangana nezikhathi zokukhululeka nokwenza ngcono kwesikhashana esimweni sesilwane.

Ukufa kwekati kuvela ukukhathala okujwayelekile.

Isimo samarabi siyingozi ngoba ukutholakala kwaso kunzima kubanikazi uqobo nakubadokotela bezilwane: isithombe somtholampilo walesi sifo sifana nezimpawu zokuvuvukala kwamathumbu esiswini, futhi akukho zimpawu zokuthi unolaka.

Uma kwenzeka isisu namathumbu isikhathi eside kuvuka, kubalulekile ukunaka ubukhona bokulunywa nokunye ukulimala esilwaneni, kanye ne-anamnesis (ukuba khona kokugoma, ukuhamba njalo, ukuxhumana nomuntu ohamba noma isilwane sasendle).

Ifomu lokukhubazeka

Indlela yokukhubazeka yamarabi iqhubeka kalula. Ikati eligulayo liba nothando lokuya ngokweqile, licele izingalo, lilwele ngentshiseko yokuxhumana nabantu. Isilwane asikhombisi ulaka olunamandla, kepha singaluma umuntu.

Ezinsukwini ezingama-1-3, ikati liba novalo, lingaphumuli, bese libulala ngokwengeziwe, libulale. Uhlakulela ukukhubazeka kwe-pharyngeal, ukugwinya kukhubazekile (ikati lingaba nomqondo wokujaha), kuye kuphume umhlathi kanye nomathe, futhi kukhishwe uboya obucishe buzungeze umsipha.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwesilwane ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu asikho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-2-4. Ukufa, njengasefomeni yesifo, kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula.

Indlela yokukhubazeka yamarabi iyingozi ngoba emabangeni okuqala isilwane esinegciwane sihlala sithintana nomniniyo, ngaphandle kokukhombisa izimpawu zokucasukela. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka komuntu.

Izimpawu zamarabi ezinkomeni ezigabeni zokuqala

Izimpawu zokuqala zamarabi emakati yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Ukulunywa kakhulu endaweni yokutheleleka.
   Isifiso sekati lokuzigoqa singahanjiswa hhayi kuphela ngokuba khona kwama-parasites (amaza, imikhaza), izilonda ezindlebeni, isikhunta, njll, kepha nezimpawu zesifo esiyingozi njengamarabi. Udokotela wezilwane kuphela ongaqonda izimbangela zento.
2. Ukwanda kothando, unya noma ubudlova besilwane.
   Ushintsho olukhulu ekuziphatheni kwekati, isifiso sokufihla noma, kunalokho, ukunakwa okuqaphelekayo kufanele kuqwashise umniniyo.
3. Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla.
   Izimpawu zesici samarabi ukwephula ipheshana esiswini, ukwehla okubukhali kwesifiso nesifiso sokuququda nokugwinya izinto ezingenakulungiswa (izinti, izingcezu zokhuni, amatshe amancane).

Ukuhlaziywa kanye ne-Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuya ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle zalesi sifo noma ngokwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka (ngokwesibonelo, uma silunywa yisilwane sasendle noma esingenakhaya, kucatshangelwa ukusakazeka kwesifo endaweni lapho ikati lihlala khona). Uma kusolwa ukutheleleka, isilwane sibekwa endaweni yokuhlukaniswa yedwa izinsuku eziyi-10-60. Uma kungekho zimpawu zokugula zalesi sifo ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa, ikati libuyele kumniniyo.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuxilongwa okungelona iqiniso kungenzeka ngokuqalwa kwama-pseudorabies, ukugula kwesistimu yezinzwa okubonakala ngezimpawu ezifanayo (ukuswakama, ukugwinya, ukungazwakali, ukulunywa).

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri okunquma ngokunembile ukuba khona kwezimpawu zomlando walesi sifo kwenziwa kuphela lapho ikati lifa lingakahlukaniswa. Isibonakaliso sokuxilongwa kwamarabi ukubakhona kwezidumbu zeBabesh-Negri lapho kulungiswa ubuchopho bezilwane. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa kuphela ukunquma isikhathi sokugomela abantu abalunayo.

Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa

Noma kungekho ukuhamba okujwayelekile nezinye izilwane eziseduze, ikati ezifuywayo azivikelekile ku-100% ekuthelelekeni. Isilinganiso esanele samarabi prophylaxis kuphela ukugoma okuvamile.

Ikhalenda lokugomela izifo ezifuywayo.

Amakati agonywa ngemijovo yokugoma engasebenzi, ebukhoma nephindwayo. Zivusa impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies amasosha avikela isistimu yezinzwa esemaphakathi yesilwane lapho igciwane lingena. Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu zihlanganisa iNobivak Rabis, iRabizin, iQuadricet neFeligen.

Amakati ayagonywa kungakapheli amasonto ayi-8 ukuya kwele-12. Izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokugonywa, kubalulekile ukususa izimbaza namazolo. Izilwane ezigulayo, ezibuthakathaka, ezikhulelwe nezikhanyayo azigonywa.

Ukugonywa okukodwa akwanele ukuvikela isilwane ngokuphelele ekuthelelekeni. Isikhathi sokugoma sisuka eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwayi-3, kuya ngohlobo lomuthi. Lapho ikati eligonyayo liluma, udokotela wezilwane angabeka ukunqunyelwa kabusha ngaphandle kohlelo lokugoma.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ikati lakho lilunywe?

Lapho ikati liluma isilwane sokugoma, esingenakhaya noma sigcinwe ekhaya, kubalulekile ukusiletha kudokotela wezilwane ngokushesha okukhulu. Thatha ipasipoti yezilwane kanye nawe, ekhombisa igama nosuku lokuphathwa komgomo.

Uma kungekho ukugoma, udokotela wezilwane kufanele abize insizakalo ekhethekile ezonikeza ikati endaweni eyihlala yedwa yezilwane. Isikhathi sokuqala sezinyathelo ezivinjelwe yizinsuku eziyi-10 kusukela ngosuku lokulethwa. Uma phakathi nalesi sikhathi isilwane sinezimpawu ezisolisayo, ukubekelwa eceleni kwayo kunwetshwa ezinye izinsuku ezingama-60.

Ngesikhathi sonke sokuhlukaniswa, ikati livunyelwe ukuphuza futhi lidle. Ukunikezwa kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nokuxhumana nezilwane akuvunyelwe ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokutheleleka kwabasebenzi bezokwelashwa.

Yini okufanele yenziwe uma ikati eligulayo liluma umuntu?

Lapho silunywa yizilwane okusolwa ukuthi ziyagula ezifuywayo noma ezingaziwa ukuthi zinamakhaya, kubalulekile:

• khumbula indawo (ikheli) lendawo kanye nezimpawu zekati elahlekile noma ukuvumelanisa okuxhumana nomnikazi wesilwane,
• geza ukulunywa ngamanzi nangesepha lokuwasha,
• faka i-aseptic dress esilonda,
• Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka xhumana negumbi labezimo eziphuthumayo, elichaza uhlobo lokulimala nolwazi mayelana nesilwane kubasebenzi benkonzo ekhethekile.

Lapho elunywa, ohlukunyezwa unikezwa umuthi wokugomela amarabi noma amalungiselelo e-immunoglobulin aqukethe ama-antibodies asele eyenziwe ngomzimba. Ama-antibodies anconyelwa iziguli ezibuthakathaka ezithinteka ukulunywa yizilwane zasendle, kanye nabantu abalimele ebusweni, ekhanda, ezandleni, ezinzwaneni nase esifubeni.

Ama-immunoglobulin akhishwa ngaphambi kokugoma, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezingama-1-7 ukulunywa. Umuthi wokugoma unikezwa ngisho nalezo ziguli ezibonane nodokotela amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ngemuva kokuxhumana nesilwane esingavinjwanga.

Umuthi wokugoma unikezwa isisulu ngosuku lokulimala (noma usuku lokwelashwa), kanye ngosuku lwe-3, 7, 14, 30, nolwesine ngemuva kokulunywa. Uma kungenzeka ukubhekisisa impilo yekati nezimpawu zamarabi azikho, noma isiqinisekiso sokugoma lesilwane siyatholakala, ukugonywa komuntu omile kumiswa phambilini (ikakhulukazi ngosuku lwe-7).

Ngokukuluma okuphindaphindwe ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ngemuva kokugonywa ngokuphelele, kunikezwa ama-3 kuphela umuthi wokugoma. Uma kudlule isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngaphambi kokulimala okusha noma ukugonywa kokuqala kuncishisiwe, ukugoma kwenziwa ngokuphelele.

Uma ungaxhumani nodokotela ngesikhathi esifanele, ngemuva kwesikhashana kuzovela izimpawu zamarabi:

• ukudumba nokuluma lapho kuluma,
• hyperemia yendawo yokulimala,
• izinga lokushisa,
• ubuthakathaka,
• ukulahleka kwesifiso, njll.

Ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu zalesi sifo, umphumela obulalayo uvame ukwenzeka, ngakho-ke, uma ulunywa yizilwane ezigula mhlawumbe, ukugonywa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yini amarabi futhi kwenzeka kanjani ukutheleleka?

Amarabi yisifo esibangelwa amagciwane esenzeka ngesimo esibi. Kuthinta isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi yabantu nezilwane. Ikati lingatheleleka ngamarabi uma lilunywa esinye isilwane esithelelekile. Futhi, iyatheleleka futhi iqala ukubeka usongo kwabanye.

Leli gciwane ngokwalo lidluliselwa ngokulunywa kanye namathe. Izinga lokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo libuye lincike endaweni okulunywa kuyo. Isibonelo, uma isilwane silunywe endaweni lapho kunenqwaba yama-nerve endings, khona-ke ukusakazwa kwaleli gciwane kuzoshesha kakhulu.
Lezi izindawo ezifana:

Ezindaweni ezinjalo, leli gciwane lingahamba kanye nezinzwa ngesivinini samamilimitha amathathu ngehora. Ukusondela kwesayithi lokuluma ekhanda, ngokushesha inqubo yokutheleleka kwenzeka.

Ngabe ukutheleleka kusatshalaliswa kanjani?

Ukutheleleka ngamarabi kungenzeka hhayi ngokulunywa kuphela, kodwa futhi nangezinto lapho kukhona amathe othelela leli gciwane. Amacala okudluliselwa kwalesi sifo ngamaconsi omoya abhalwe phansi. Kulezi zimo, ukutheleleka kwaqhamuka emalulini. Abantu batheleleka.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi leli gciwane alidluliswanga, uma isikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwama-mucous lungalimalanga, kulezi zimo ngeke singene emzimbeni. Khumbula ukuthi ikati elihlaselwe amarabi lingaqala ukuthelela abanye ngamathe alo ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi. Kodwa-ke, ngeke uze umbone nezimpawu zakhe (izimpawu zomtholampilo) ukuthi uyagula.

Izimpawu eziyi-14 zamarabi emakati nasezimpawu

Izimpawu zokuqala okudingeka unake zona:
1. Ikati selilahlekelwe wukudla
2. Ukuhlanza kwezilwane zasekhaya
3. ukuqunjelwa
4. Isifo sohudo
5. Drooling kakhulu
6. Ikati lihlala ligcwele kakhulu
7. Uncharacteristic pet ulaka

Cishe njalo, amarabi avela ngendlela enodlame kwikati:

8. Ikati ligijimela kumniniyo noma libonise ulaka kwesinye isilwane
9. Zama ukuthatha umhlalaphansi
10. Funa indawo yokukhosela ezindaweni zobumnyama nobumnyama (i-Photophobia)
11. Phendula ngokudabukisayo emizameni yokubenza bacashe.
12. Ukuxhumana kokunyakaza kuyaphazamiseka.
13. Ikati libonisa i-paresis (izimo ezinjengokukhubazeka komzimba, kepha hhayi kanjalo)
14. Ikati linokukhubazeka komzimba

Kulezi zimo zefomu elinobudlova, isilwane siyafa sisenkomeni ezinsukwini ezimbili, ezine. Udokotela wezilwane, lapho ethola lesi sifo, kufanele akhiphe ukufana ngamarabi wokweyisa. Kwembula isizathu sangempela.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ikati ligulelekile?

Uma okungenani unokusola okuncane kokuthi isilwane sakho siyagula ngamarabi, kufanele, ngaphandle kokusithinta, uhlukane.Indlela enhle futhi elula kunazo zonke ukubeka ikati egumbini elihlukile, likhululekile kubantu. Ngemuva kwalokho, shayela isikhungo sokudabukela edolobheni ngokushesha ubike izinsolo zakho.

Ngabe ikati elihlanyayo likulume futhi likugwaze? Hlambulula futhi uphathe izindawo ezinamanzi futhi zilume ngokushesha. Ngokwenza lezi zenzo, unciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka. Ngeshwa, namuhla azikho izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokwelapha amakati amarabi. Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezigulayo ziyagula.

Ukuvimbela nokugoma ngokumelene nekati lamarabi

Ukuze uvikele amarabi, amakati kudingeka agonywe. Lapho esenezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, kufanele aye emtholampilo wezilwane athole iDepensor noma omunye umuthi wokugoma.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuphatha umuthi wokugomela, ikati kumele liphilile. Futhi, ngeke kube okungalungile ukuhlanza umzimba wesilwane kusuka kwizibungu ngaphambi kwalokhu. Uma isilwane sigula ngegciwane lekati leukemia, khona-ke akufanele sigonywe umuthi wokugomela isifo samarabi.

Manje uyazi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi utheleleke isilwane sakho ngegciwane lamarabi. Qaphela bese ushayela ucingo udokotela wezilwane noma wezinsizi ngokusola okuncane.

Mayelana namarabi

Amarabi (kusuka ku-lat. Rabies) - Isifo esithathelanayo esinegciwane kakhulu kubo bonke abanegazi elifudumele, kufaka phakathi abantu. Amarabi avela ikakhulu ngendlela eyingozi futhi abonakala nge-lesion ephelele yohlelo lwezinzwa oluyinhloko.

Lesi sifo siyingqayizivele, kwesinye isikhathi igciwane lamarabi lihlanganisa amazwekazi wonke. Ngokwezibalo, bangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50 abantu nezilwane eziyizigidi ezimbalwa emhlabeni wonke ezibulawa yilesi sifo minyaka yonke. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemuva kokuxhumana nesilwane esigulayo. Imithombo eyinhloko yamarabi yizilwane zasendle nezasekhaya.

Ama-canid asendle (izimpisi nezimpungushe) asendaweni yokuqala yokutheleleka ngegciwane, futhi amakati nezinja asendaweni yesibili. Kunezimo ezivame kakhulu lapho lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngokulunywa ngama-hedgehogs, ama-raccoon kanye namalulwane.

Umenzeli obangela lesi sifo yigciwane elinesimo esiyindilinga nobubanzi be-100-150 mmk (millimicron). Ukungena entweni ephilayo, i-pathogen iyakwazi ukwanda ngokushesha futhi iqoqele endabeni engwevu yobuchopho. Emvelweni yangaphandle, leli gciwane liba nokuqina okulinganiselwe: emazingeni okushisa e-subzero, i-ejenti yokuqamba kwamarabi igcinwa izinyanga ezi-4, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngokwesibonelo, ukubilisa, ukubulala ukutheleleka ngokushesha. Banomphumela olimazayo kuleli gciwane nakwamanye ama-disinfectants (ama-5% formalin, ama-5% phenol, isisombululo se-0,1% we-mercuric chloride).

Lapho isisemzimbeni wesilwane, igciwane lamarabi lihamba ngemicu yezinzwa liye endaweni ebuchosheni. Ukusuka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi kwemigwaqo yezinzwa, i-pathogen ingena emithanjeni ye-salivary, lapho iqala ukwanda ngamandla. Ngemuva kokutheleleka ngezifo zamarabi sekati, isilwane siyatheleleka bese sidlulisa i-pathogen eyingozi ezilwaneni ezinempilo nakubantu ngokubuluma.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, amarabi angatheleleka uma amathe esilwane esigulayo engena ezindaweni ezivulekile zomzimba ezinamabala, amanxeba, noma omunye umonakalo owenziwe esikhunjeni.

Kunezimo lapho izinyamazane zigula ngaleli gciwane ngemuva kokudla inyama yesilwane esinegciwane.

Ukugomela njalo izilwane ezifuywayo kuphela okungavimbela lesi sifo. AmaKittens aqala ukugonywa lapho efika izinyanga ezintathu ubudala. Izilwane ezibuthakathaka kanye nezaluphele zingagonyelwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Umuthi wokugomela isifo samarabi unikezwa ikati ngaphandle kwezinkinga zempilo njalo ngonyaka futhi kubhekwa njengenqubo eyisibopho yazo zonke izilwane.

Izimpawu zokuqala nezimpawu zamarabi emakati

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ngasinye zingahluka kakhulu: kumakati amadala asuka kumaviki amathathu kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5, ama-kittens abonisa izimpawu zokuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-4-7 ngemuva kokutheleleka.

Inkambo yalesi sifo ihlobene ngqo nendawo nokujula kokuluma, kanye nenani legciwane elingene emzimbeni.

Uma ukulunywa kuwele entanyeni noma ekhanda, isikhathi sokufakwayo sincishiswa kakhulu, ngokulunywa kaningi, isikhathi sokukhula kwalesi sifo naso siyancipha.

Lezi zinto zinquma ukuthi amarabi abonakala kanjani emakati.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezifundo zamarabi:

Ifomu elinodlame kwenzeka kaningi kanti nezimpawu zamarabi emakati zinjengokulandelayo:

• ubuqili
• ukwenqaba okuphakelayo
• ulaka olwengeziwe kumnikazi luthathelwa indawo uthando olwedlulele,
• isifiso sokucasha, ukucasha ekhoneni elimnyama,
• umuzwa wokukhathazeka nokuxhaxha,
• ukungeniswa kwezinto ezingabonakali (izinkuni, iphepha, insimbi, njll.),
• ubomvu nokulunywa esakhiweni se-pathogen,
• profuse saves
• amarabi,
• strabismus,
• Ukukhubazeka komzimba,
• ukukhwehlela nokuxhuma
• opneity corneal,
• ukwephulwa komsebenzi wokuphefumula.

Kwesinye isikhathi umniniyo angacabanga ukuthi isilwane sikhahlela kokuthile noma asinawo umoya owenele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwemisipha ye-larynx, ngakho-ke isilwane sikwazi ukubamba umlomo waso. Ukuqina komzimba we-larynx kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ikati lisiza ngomlomo, futhi nolimi luphuma kulo futhi amathe akhulule kakhulu. Ezigabeni zokugcina zokukhula kwalesi sifo, lesi silwane sihlushwa ukukhubazeka kwezihlakala zomlenze wokuqala bese kuqala ukwandulelwa. Ukuhlasela kwamarabi amakati kugcina ngokukhubazeka kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo, ngenxa yokuthi isilwane sifa kanjani.

Ifomu elizolile Kubhekwa njengenkambo ethambile yesifo futhi ihlala ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5. Isilwane esinegciwane siba nothando ngendlela engajwayelekile, sizama ukuba nomnini ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho-ke imizwa yekati iqala ukuguquka, isilwane sikhathazeka, bese - ukudangala. Ngale ndlela yamarabi, isilwane kwesinye isikhathi siba ne-hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-profuse savation ibonwa kumngani onezinyawo ezine, ngenxa yokuqina komzimba wekati, umhlathi uyehla futhi nolimi luwele ngaphandle. Umphumela obulalayo wenzeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo nenqubo yokuphefumula yomzimba.

Ifomu le-Atypical lesi sifo sivela ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu futhi sihlala isikhathi eside impela (kwesinye isikhathi izinyanga). Akunazimpawu zokuthi unamarabi emakati, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi unasifo yini. Izimpawu zefomu le-atypical yilezi:

• ukuhlanza
• i-amyotrophy,
• ukwehla kakhulu komzimba.

Ngenxa yokungabikho kwezimpawu ezisobala, umnikazi, ezimeni eziningi, akasoli ukuthi isilwane sakhe sihlaselwe isifo esibulalayo, futhi nengozi yokudlulisela amarabi kubantu yanda amahlandla ambalwa.

Ukuxilonga

Akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuqondile okusekelwe kuphela kwizimpawu zomtholampilo, njengoba izimpawu zamarabi zifana nezifo eziningi ezimbi (ngokwesibonelo, isifo sika-Aujeszky). Abanye abanikazi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sifo singatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi elebhu, kodwa akunjalo. Igciwane lamarabi alikho egazini lesilwane, okusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola lesi sifo kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Uma isilwane sinezimpawu zamarabi, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuxhumana nodokotela wezilwane.

Lesi silwane sizofakwa ezinsukwini ezingama-10, singanwetshwa sifinyelele ezinsukwini ezingama-30, ngokuya ngesimo esiwubhubhane endaweni. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa, umngane we-furry uyafa noma asele ephila. Kungemva kokushona kwekati kuphela lapho khona isifo kungaqalwa. Ukuxilongwa kwamarabi kwenziwa ngesisekelo sezinguquko ze-pathological, imitholampilo kanye nedatha ye-epizootological. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unamarabi, ikhanda noma ubuchopho besilwane esiwile kuyadingeka futhi. Usebenzisa ukuhlaziya ngomlando, ukufakwa kwezidumbu zeBabesh-Negri kwembulwa ku-cytoplasm yama-neurons ebuchosheni. Ukutholwa kwalezi zinto ezifakwayo kusivumela ukuthi sisho nge-100% ukuthi ikati yatheleleka ngamarabi.

Lapho i-patological autopsy of the isidumbu sesilwane esiwile iphawulwa: I-hyperemic yomlomo we-mucosa enezilonda nokuguguleka, ukuphuma kwesisu esiswini. I-autopsy yeseyili ikuvumela ukuba ubone igobolondo elinzima lobuchopho kanye nokuvuvukala okuthambile, ebuchosheni be-gyrus - hemorrhage, umgogodla womgogodla uqukethe inani elikhulu le-exudate.

Ukwelashwa ngamarabi akukho

Okwamanje, ukwelashwa okusebenzayo ngokumelene negciwane lamarabi akukaze kutholakale. Ngezimpawu ezisobala zalesi sifo, isilwane kumele sigunyazwe.

Uma kusolwa isifo esiyingozi, ikati lihlukaniswa masinyane egumbini elihlukile, futhi konke ukuxhumana nalo lonke umndeni kukhishwe ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umniniyo kufanele azise udokotela wezilwane mayelana nezimpawu zamarabi esilwaneni, emva kwalokho isilwane sihlukaniswe yedwa bese sifakwa ebhokisini elikhethekile. Ngenkathi ikati lihlala yedwa, libukelwa kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bezilwane, ukuphepha kwabo, nabo abenzi ukwelashwa ngesilwane.

Uma ikati likwazile ukuluma umniniyo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngokushesha uhlanze indawo yokuluma ngamanzi amaningi afudumele nesepha lokuwasha futhi ulaphe isilonda nganoma yisiphi isiphikisi. Ngemuva kwalokho xhumana nesikhungo sezokwelashwa ukuthola usizo lodokotela. Amarabi serum asebenza kuphela ezinsukwini ezi-3 zokuqala ngemuva kokuluma, uma uphuthelwa isikhathi esiyigugu, umuntu angafa.

Ingozi yamarabi emakati kubantu

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesifo esintwini singase sehluke ngokuya ngendawo yokuluma kwesilwane esigulayo. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-9, kwesinye isikhathi lesi sibalo sikhuphukela enyangeni eyi-1 noma ngisho nonyaka. Ukulimala okuyingozi kakhulu ebusweni, ezandleni nasentanyeni. Uma ikati lilimaze unyawo lomnikazi, isikhathi sokufakwayo sizoba isikhathi eside. Lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha ezinganeni ezincane.

Amarabi ayingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu, kepha abanye abantu abalunywe amakati abanaki ukubaluleka okuthile kumanxeba atholakele. Noma yikuphi ukuzelapha kungakuholela ngokushesha emiphumeleni edabukisayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kwenzeka ngezigaba ezi-3, ngasinye sinezimpawu ezihlukile.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kubantu ku isigaba sokuqala izifo zivela ngesimo se:

• ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukulunywa, nokuqina kokulimala,
• izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingaphansi,
• ukuvela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ikhanda, ubuthakathaka obukhulu bomzimba,
• ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla
• ukulahleka kokulala
• ukuthuthukiswa kwama-hallucinations (ikakhulukazi uma ukulunywa kuwele ebusweni)
• ukudangala, ukwesaba, ukungaphatheki kahle noma ukunganakwa okuphelele kukho konke.

Isigaba sesibili Lesi sifo yizinsuku ezingama-2-3 futhi sihambisana nezimpawu ezinjengokuthi:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamarabi. Kunenkinga ngesiguli ukuthatha ngisho nesiphu soketshezi ngenxa yesikhala somphunga. Umuntu otheleleke amarabi akakwazi ukuphefumula ngokujwayelekile, lapho uzama ukudla noma ukuphuza okuthile, ukuhlanza kuqala. Kamuva, umuntu angaqala ukuzizwa egula kusuka kuhlobo oluthile noma umsindo wamanzi.
• Ukuvela kokuswakama kobuso. Noma yikuphi ukugqugquzelwa kwangaphandle kunomphumela omubi ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwesiguli.
• Ukuncipha kwezitshudeni kanye nokuphuma kwamehlo.
• I-palpitations yenhliziyo, i-hyperhidrosis, ukuqina kwethambo.
• Umuntu ogulayo uba nolaka futhi angalawuleki. Ngesikhathi sokufutheka, umuntu onaleli gciwane uthukuthela abanye abantu, alume, alwe naye, akhihle izinwele zakhe, izingubo, anikine ikhanda ezindongeni. Ngalezo zikhathi ezinjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi isiguli siyeka inhliziyo nokuphefumula.

Isigaba sesithathu amarabi ayindondo futhi aboniswa ukubonakaliswa kokuqina komzimba. Ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku futhi ibonakaliswa ukunqanyulwa okuphelele komsebenzi wezimoto. Kukhona ukukhubazeka kwayo yonke imisipha nezitho zangaphakathi, ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kuze kufike ku-42ᵒC, ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso senhliziyo, ukwehla okubukhali kwengcindezi yegazi. Kulesi sigaba, izicubu zenhliziyo nesiguli zokuphefumula zikhubazekile. Ukufa kuyeza.

Lapho nje ukulunywa kubonise izimpawu zokuqala zamarabi, lesi sifo asikwazi ukwelashwa. Konke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuhloselwe kuphela ukunciphisa inhlala-kahle, ukufakwa kwamaphaphu kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka, kepha kulokhu, lesi sifo sisaphetha ngokufa.

Amarabi asalokhu esesinye sezifo ezimbi kakhulu, futhi alikho ikhambi laso.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwekati elifuywayo enegciwane eliyingozi, kuyadingeka ukuthi kugonywe isilwane esidonsa njalo futhi sizame ukukuvikela ekuxhumaneni nezilwane ezidukelayo.

Uma kwenzeka kunanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezisolisayo, ikati lihlukaniswa ngokuphuthumayo futhi lifune usizo kochwepheshe. Noma yikuphi ukuzelapha, izilwane kanye nabantu abalunywe yibo, kuholela emiphumeleni emibi.