Isisindo sabantu abadala yi-1300-3200 kg. Ubude bomzimba bungu-209-500 cm, kufaka nomsila - cm angama-35. Ukuphakama kubuna - cm 150-165. Imvubu inombala wesikhumba onsomi / onsomi noma onsomi, enezindawo ezinombala onsundu eduze kwezindlebe nezindlebe. Imizimba yabo imbozwe ngenani elincane lezinwele elincanyana, ngaphandle kwekhanda nomsila. Ungqimba lwangaphandle lwesikhumba luncane kakhulu, okubenza babe sengozini yamanxeba ngesikhathi sokulwa.

Imvubu ayinazo izindlala ze-sebaceous nezithukuthuku. Esikhundleni salokho, izindlala ze-mucous zithola ungqimba obukhulu obunamafutha koketshezi obomvu obuluhlaza. Iminyaka eminingi, lolu ketshezi beluthathwa njengengxube yesithukuthuku negazi. Manje seyaziwa njengengxube yama-asidi e-hipposudoric ne-norhipposudoric. Lezi zingxube zidala umphumela wemisebe yelanga, zidonsa imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet futhi zivikele ukukhula kwamagciwane we-pathogenic. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga esikhumbeni sesilwane, ukhipha ushintsho kusuka kokungabi namibala kuya kokubomvu korenji.

Kubukeka sengathi kunobumba obukhulu futhi obomgqomo, kubonakala sengathi, izimvubu zithambile emhlabeni nasemanzini. Noma kunjalo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila endaweni enamanzini eyabavumela ukuba bakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha emanzini nasemhlabeni. Emhlabathini, ziyakwazi ukushesha zifinyelele ku-30 ​​km / h futhi ziyilondoloze ngamamitha amakhulu ambalwa. Emanzini angajulile, imilenze yawo emifushane inikezela ngokunyakaza okunamandla, futhi izinyawo ze-webed zenza kube lula ukuhamba ngaphansi kwemifula. Ukutholwa kwamehlo, izindlebe, namakhala phezulu ekhanda kuvumela imvubu ukuba ihlale ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esiningi, kuyilapho kulula ukuphefumula nokulawula isimo esiseduze kwabo. Lapho icwiliswa ngokuphelele, imvubu iyavala imikhala nezindlebe ukuvimba amanzi ukuthi angangeni kubo. Imihlathi ingavula ukuya kuma-degree angama-150, iveze ama-fangs amakhulu, abukhali kanye nezigqoko. Ama-fangs akhula aze afike ku-50 cm, kanti izisusa zikhula zize zifinyelele kuma-40 cm, amafangasi aqiniswe zibambene, ngenkathi ehlafuna utshani.

I-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-hippos ikhona. Isisindo sabesilisa, njengomthetho, seqa isisindo sabesifazane (cishe ama-200 kg), kepha singakhula ngesisindo samakhilogremu ayizinkulungwane eziningana. Abesilisa bayakhula kuyo yonke impilo, kuyilapho abesifazane beyeka ukukhula kwabo eneminyaka engama-25 ubudala. Ubude bomzimba abesilisa obukhulu bungama-505 cm, kanti kwabesifazane cishe bangama-345 cm. Owesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke abake babhalwa emlandweni unesisindo esingu-4 500 kg (Munich, Germany). Phezu kobukhulu bomzimba obukhulu, abesilisa banama-muzzles amaningi ngomhlathi othuthukisiwe kunowesifazane. Ama-fangs amaduna aphindwe kabili njengokuphindeka kwezinsikazi.

Habitat

Imvubu ihlala amachibi angajulile, imifula nezixhaphozi. Ukujula kwabo kufanele kube ngamamitha ama-2, njengoba imvubu igxilisa umzimba wayo wonke emanzini. Emini, imihlambi yemvubu ithanda ukulala emanzini angajulile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izungeze (odakeni), ngenkathi ihlangana ndawonye. Kungasemanzini lapho ukuvela kokuzala nokubeletha kwenzeka. Lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuba kumanzi angajulile, imvubu ihamba ngokujula bese ishiya kuphela amakhaleni ebusweni bamanzi ukuwavumela ukuba aphefumule. Ngokushona kwelanga, izimvubu ziphuma olwandle lapho zizondla futhi zihamba ibangana. Njengomthetho, ahamba, ungadluli kumakhilomitha ayi-1,6, indlela eseyivele isiyijwayele enamadlelo aminyene otshani wokulusa amadlelo ngasemanzini.

Ububanzi bendawo yokuhlala

Ayikho imininingwane eshicilelwe ngosayizi othize wenkundla ethathwa yimvubu. Kuya kakhulu ngenani labantu emhlambini, ukusondela kwamanzi kanye namadlelo. Imvamisa baphumula ezindaweni ezixinene, bebeka amakhanda abo ngemuva komakhelwane.

Indawo engokomlando neyamanje yama-hippos ingabukwa futhi iqhathaniswe nesibalo esingenhla.

Ukuzala

AmaHippos ayizilwane zesithembu, okusho ukuthi owesilisa oyedwa angashada nabesifazane abaningana eqenjini elilodwa lomphakathi. Yize ukuzalaniswa kwalezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo kungagcini isizini ethile, kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi nenkathi eyomile, kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Agasti, kanti ukuzalwa kwamawundlu kuwela ngenkathi yemvula, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube ngu-Ephreli.

Lapho ufuna umlingani, iduna elihamba phambili lizulazula ezindaweni zokuphumula noma amadlelo bese lihlikihla umsila wowesifazane ngamunye. Owesilisa uziphatha ngokuzithoba ngokungafani nowesifazane ukuze agweme ukuhlaselwa ngumhlambi. Inhloso yowesilisa ohloniphayo ukuthola owesimame elungele ukuvuthwa. Ngemuva kokuthi owesilisa athole owesimame ofanele, kuqala ukuthandana. Uhlanza okhethiweyo wakhe, amkhiphele ngaphandle komhlambi. Ngemuva kwalokho uyamlandela emanzini ajulile aze athukuthele bese eshayisana nemihlathi yakhe. Owesilisa uthobisa insikazi futhi inqubo yokulingisa yenzeka, ngenkathi ikhanda lakhe lingaphansi kwamanzi. Akukacaci ukuthi kungani, kepha ikhanda lakhe kufanele libe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Uma insikazi izama ukuphakamisa ikhanda ukuze iphefumulele umoya, owesilisa, njengomthetho, uyamphoqa ukuba ehlise ikhanda lakhe phansi ngamandla. Ngenkathi yokuzalelana, abesilisa benza umsindo omkhulu wokubukisa, okhombisa impumelelo. Yize bengashada unyaka wonke, isikhathi esivame kakhulu sisukela ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Agasti. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingangonyaka, izinsuku ezingama-324, kuzalwe ikonyana elilodwa. Akususwa ubisi lukamama isikhathi esingangonyaka, futhi ukuvuthwa kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-3.5.

Ngaphambi kokuzala, izinsikazi ezikhulelwe ziba nolaka kakhulu futhi zivikele kuye wonke umuntu ahlangabezana naye. Zihlala zodwa emhlabeni noma emanzini angajulile bese zibuyiselwa emhlanjini ngemuva kwamasonto amabili zizelwe. Ekuzalweni, amathole anesisindo esisukela ku-22 kuye ku-55 kg. Umama nethole banobudlelwano obusondelene. Bageza futhi baqabulana, okukhombisa ukuthi bayathandana. Amancanyana ahlehliswa ukuze ondle ubisi lwebele ngaphansi kwamanzi: izindlebe namakhala kuvala ngesikhathi sokuncela, lapho ingono yomama iphakathi kolimi nomhlathi ongaphezulu. Njengoba imvubu ihlala ezimweni zomndeni onenhlalo, abesilisa bavikela ngokucophelela izinsikazi namawundlu, futhi bavame ukuhlasela konke okubabeka engcupheni.

Ukuziphatha

Ama-Hippos ayizilwane ezinenhlalo kakhulu, ahlala emaqenjini abantu abangama-20-100. Baqala indlela yokuphila enhle, baphumula iningi losuku, futhi kusihlwa bashiya amachibi abo baye emadlelweni. Umsebenzi omkhulu uwela ebusuku. Abesifazane yibona abaholi bezinkomo futhi balawula ukuzola emachibini ngenkathi bephumula. Abesilisa baphumula ngasosebeni lwamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela bavikele izintokazi namathole. Eminyakeni engu-7 yobudala, abesilisa baqala ukuncintisana ngokubusa. Lokhu kuvezwa ngokudwayizela, ukubhonga, ukufafaza ngomquba nokubopha imihlathi.

Abesilisa abahamba phambili ababekezeleli kakhulu abesilisa abasebancane ababekele inselelo. Abesilisa abadala bavame ukulimaza kanzima futhi babulale abesilisa abesilisa ngenkathi belwa. Ukuziphatha kwendawo kubonakaliswa yi-Wheezing, isibonakaliso kanye nesitshulu sendle. Lapho besondela endaweni entsha, baphendulela emuva emizimbeni yabo bebheke kule ndawo futhi babeka uphawu lwayo insimu. Basongela imisila yabo ngapha nangapha futhi basakaza indle yabo endaweni engaziwa. Abesilisa bavame ukuphuma emanzini ukuzophawula ugu kanye namadlelo lapho badla khona.

Ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zabo kuba ngesikhathi esomile, lapho izimo zokuphila ziya zigcwala, futhi izinsiza zikhawulelwe. Izimpawu zokuzivikela ezifana nokufiphala, ukusonga imihlathi nokubopha imfoloko kuklanyelwe ukuvikela umhlambi ezilwaneni ezidlayo futhi kusongele abanye abesilisa.

Ezokuxhumana

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, imvubu yizilwane zenhlalo futhi ngenxa yalokho inesethi enkulu yendawo ephakeme nemisindo engaphansi kwamanzi. Ucingo olunophawu olwenziwe imvubu ngaphansi kwamanzi luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuxhumana emhlambini libika usongo. Le buzz ingafinyelela kuma-decibel ayi-115, okulingana nomsindo wokuduma okunamandla. Ama-Vacalizations angenzeka emhlabeni nasemanzini, ngokulandelana, futhi ukubonakala kahle kuzozindawo zombili. Leli ukuphela kwesehlakalo sokuxhumana kwamanzi ngaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Imvubu iyakwazi ukwenza imisindo lapho kuphela amakhala ayo ehlala ngaphezu kwamanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imvubu inezingqimba zamafutha ezungeze i-larynx, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokukhipha izwi, umsindo usatshalaliswa kulo lonke umthamo wamanzi.

Izici zemvubu nendawo yokuhlala

Imvubu, noma imvubu, njengoba ibizwa njalo, indalo inkulu. Isisindo saso singadlula amathani ama-4, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuba imvubu yezindlovu ibhekwa njengezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuliqiniso, obhejane bazenza umncintiswano onzima.

Izindaba ezimangazayo zabikwa ososayensi ngalesi silwane esithandekayo. Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi ingulube iyisihlobo sesimvubu. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ziyefana. Kepha kwavela (ukutholwa kwamuva kososayensi) ukuthi isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu kufanele sibhekwe ... imikhomo!

Ngokuvamile, imvubu ingaba ngamafutha ahlukahlukene. Abanye abantu banesisindo esingu-1300 kg kuphela, kepha lesi sisindo sikhulu kunalokho. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kumamitha angama-4, ama-5, nokuphakama kokubuna kowesilisa osekhulile kufika ku-165 cm. Ubukhulu buhlaba umxhwele.

Yize imbandezelo yazo ibonakala igcwele, imvubu ingakhula ngesivinini esikhulu emanzini nasemhlabeni. Umbala wesikhumba walesi silwane grey ngama-shades ansomi noma aluhlaza okotshani.

Uma inqwaba yemvubu ingangena “kalula ebhokisini” noma yisiphi isilwane ngaphandle kwendlovu, khona-ke ayicebile ngoboya. Izinwele zakho mncane azihlakazeki emzimbeni wonke, futhi ikhanda alinazo izinwele ngokuphelele. Isikhumba ngokwaso sincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke sisengcupheni enkulu ngesikhathi sokuhlangana okungathi sína kwabesilisa.

Kepha imvubu ayikaze izithukuthele, ayinazo izindlala zamathumbu nje kuphela, nezindlala ze-sebaceous nazo azinawo. Kepha izindlala zazo zingakhipha uketshezi olunamafutha olunjalo oluvikela isikhumba elangeni elinamandla nakwibhaktheriya elimazayo.

Imvubu manje sezitholakala e-Afrika, yize phambilini zazande kakhulu. Kepha babevame ukubulawa ngenxa yenyama, ngakho-ke ezindaweni eziningi isilwane iqothulwe ngonya.

Umlingiswa weHippo nendlela yokuphila

IHippos ayikwazi ukuhlala yodwa, ayinethezekile. Bahlala ngamaqembu abantu abangama-20-100. Usuku lonke, umhlambi onjalo ungahamba echibini, futhi kusihlwa kuphela lapho bayothenga khona.

Ngale ndlela, ngabesifazane ababhekele ukuzola kwayo yonke imfuyo ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Kepha abesilisa baqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinsikazi namawundlu eduze nolwandle. Abesilisa imvubu - izilwane nolaka kakhulu.

Lapho nje owesilisa eseneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, uqala ukuthola isikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini. Uyenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene - kungaba ukufafaza ezinye izinsikazi ngomchamo nangobulongwe, ukubhonga, ukuquma emlonyeni wakhe.

Ngakho-ke bazama ukubusa. Kodwa-ke, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuba ama-hippos amancane athole amandla - abesilisa abadala abakwazi ukubekezelela ukwazana ngezinselelo futhi bathambekele ekukhubazekeni noma babulale imbangi yabo encane.

Abesilisa ngentshiseko baqapha insimu yabo. Ngisho, imvubu ayiboni abahlaseli abangahle bahlasele, babeka uphawu impahla yabo ngokucophelela.

Ngendlela, bamaka lezo zindawo lapho bedla khona, nokuthi baphumula kuphi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, awaneli ngisho nawobuvila kakhulu ukuphuma emanzini, ukuphinda ukhumbuze abanye abesilisa abangabanikazi lapha, noma ukuthatha izindawo ezintsha.

Ukuze ukuxhumana nabantu bezinye izizwe, imvubu isebenzisa imisindo ethile. Isibonelo, isilwane esingaphansi kwamanzi siyohlala sixwayisa ngobungozi bezihlobo zaso. Umsindo abawenzayo unjengokuduma kwezulu. IHippopotamus ukuphela kwesilwane esikwazi ukuxhumana nezihlobo emanzini ngokusebenzisa imisindo.

Imisindo isatshalaliswa kahle emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ngendlela, iqiniso elithokozisayo kakhulu ukuthi imvubu iyakwazi ukuxhumana nemisindo noma ngabe inamakhala nje ebusweni bamanzi.

Ngokuvamile, ikhanda lemvubu ebusweni bamanzi likhanga izinyoni. Kwenzeka ukuthi izinyoni zisebenzisa ikhanda lemvubu elinamandla, njengesiqhingi ukudoba.

Kepha umdondoshiya akasheshe athukuthele izinyoni, kunezinambuzane eziningi kakhulu esikhunjeni sakhe ezimthukuthelisa kakhulu. Ngisho eduze kwamehlo kunezikelemu eziningi ezingena ngisho nangaphansi kwezinkophe zesilwane. Izinyoni zenza imvubu insizakalo enhle, izithwala izinambuzane.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele aphethe kusuka esimweni esinjalo kuya kwizinyoni ukuthi laba besifazane abanamafutha bayimikhokho yemvelo emihle. Imvubu ingenye eyingozi kakhulu izilwane emhlabeni. Amachaphaza akhe afinyelela kubungako bube yingxenye yamamitha, futhi ngalawo mafisi uluma ingwenya enkulu ekuvutheni kwamehlo.

Kepha isilo esithukuthele singasibulala isisulu saso ngezindlela ezihlukile. Noma ngubani obangela ukucasulwa kwalesi silwane, imvubu ingadla, inyathele, idwengule ngamakha noma ihudule ekujuleni kwamanzi.

Futhi, lapho ungadala lokhu kucasuka, akekho owaziyo. Kunesitatimende sokuthi imvubu ingabalingani abangacabangi kakhulu. Abesilisa nabesilisa abadala bayingozi ikakhulukazi lapho amawundlu eduze kwabo.

Umsoco

Ngaphandle kwamandla ayo, ukubukeka okumangalisayo nobudlova, imvubu - herbivore. Kusihlwa, izilwane ziya emadlelweni, lapho kukhona khona utshani obanele bokumboza wonke umhlambi.

Ama-Hippos awanazitha endle, kepha akhetha ukuzidlela eduzane nedamu, azolile. Futhi nokho, uma utshani bunganele, bangasuka endaweni ethokomele amakhilomitha amaningi.

Ukuze zizondle, imvubu kufanele ihlafuna ngokuqhubekayo amahora angama-4-5 nsuku zonke, noma kunalokho, ubusuku nobusuku. Badinga utshani obuningi, cishe ama-40 kg ngokudla ngakunye.

Kudliwa wonke amakhambi, izinhlanga nezithombo ezincane zezihlahla nezihlahla kufanelekile. Kuyenzeka, nokho, ukuthi imvubu idla u-carrion eduze nedamu. Kepha le nto ayivelakancane futhi ayijwayelekile.

Ngokunokwenzeka, ukudla i-carrion kungumphumela wohlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwempilo noma ukuntuleka kokudla okuyisisekelo, ngoba uhlelo lokugaya kulezi zilwane alulungele ukucubungula inyama.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imvubu ayibuthengi utshani, ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, izinkomo noma ezinye izintambo, ziklebhula ngombala ngamazinyo, noma ziyidonse ngezindebe zazo. Inyama, izindebe zemisipha, osayizi okufika kuhafu wemitha, zinhle kulokhu. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi luhlobo luni lwezimila okufanele lube yizo ukuze zilimaze izindebe ezinjalo.

Imvubu iya njalo emadlelweni endaweni efanayo futhi ibuyele ngaphambi kokusa. Kwenzeka ukuthi isilwane sizulazule kude kakhulu siyofuna ukudla. Lapho-ke, lapho ibuya, imvubu ingazulazula iye emanzini angaziwa ukuze ithole amandla, bese iqhubeka nendlela eya echibini layo.

Iqhaza endalweni

Ngenxa yomzimba omkhulu, imvubu ihlala endaweni ebalulekile ku-ecosystem. Ukuba khona kwansuku zonke emanzini nasemhlabeni kwakha indawo ekahle yezilwane ezincane. Lapho imvubu iya emadlelweni, inyathela ngendlela yokuthi ngesikhathi semvula izosebenza njengechibi noma echibini eliseceleni bese ivumela izinhlanzi ezincane ukuba zivikeleke lapho kunesomiso.

Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo eziningana zezinambuzane zihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle nangaphakathi zomzimba. Izibungu zeMonogenic zihlala endaweni engaphandle yeso lemvubu. Anamathele emaphethelweni angaphakathi e-membrane nangaphansi kwejwabu leso. Yize zingabangeli ukulimala okukhulu emehlweni, lokhu kuyacasula izilwane. Ama-leeches kanye nemikhaza kuvame ukutholakala endaweni ezungeza imvubu. Ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwegazi nokucasulwa ezindaweni zokunamathiselwa, akukho ukulimala okungathi sína kulezi zinambuzane. Ama-Flatworms atholakala esiswini naku-1.5 wamitha wokuqala wesisu esincane. I-tapeworm yakha ama-cysts emisipha ngesikhathi sesigaba se-larval. Ama-Trematode atholakala kakhulu esibindini semvubu emincane, kucatshangwa ukuthi ngeminyaka yobudala ngemvubu ibagomela amagciwane.

Isimo sokuphepha

Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, inani lemvubu selinciphe ngo-7-20%.Kwabhalwa ukuthi emazweni angama-29 phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala zawo, sisuka ku-125,000 kuya ku-148,000 abantu abasele. Yize ukuzingela kungekho emthethweni, kuseyimbangela eyinhloko yokufa kwalezi zilwane. Imvubu ehlala emazweni angaphephile ihlushwa kakhulu ukuzingela. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kungenye into edala ukwehla kwenani labantu bemvubu. Ama-Hippos ancike emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile, okubenza babe sengozini yesomiso, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kanye nezimboni, kanye noshintsho lwendlela yokugeleza kwamanzi yemvelo. Kunezindlela zokugcina inani lemvubu, okuhloswe ngalo ukuvikela izindawo zemvelo. Emazweni lapho kunenqwaba yezimvubu, kunemithetho eqinile enqabela ukuzingela. Izindawo zemvubu, okungamapaki ezwe, izindawo zokugcina, ezokugcinwa kwemnyuziyamu zigcinwe ngokucophelela.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

Imvubu ejwayelekile imele uhlobo lobuhlubu. Imvubu yemvubu, noma imvubu emfushane yaseLiberia, noma imvubu emfushane ingeyolunye uhlobo - imvubu emfushane.

Ngokusekelwe kokungafani kokuziphatha phakathi kwezinsimbi kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezindawo zokuhlala, izinhlobo ezinhlanu zemvubu ziyahlukaniswa:

• a. I-Amphibius - isakazeka isuka eGibhithe, lapho manje ibhekwa njengendlulile, iseningizimu noMfula iNayile eTanzania naseMozambiki,
• a. Kiboko -ama-subspecies atholakala eKenya, esifundeni iGreat African Lakes naseSomalia oPhondweni lwase-Afrika. Abamele kulokhu okubhalwe phansi banamathambo abanzi emakhaleni nezindawo ezivulekile ze-interorbital.
• a. I-capensis - isatshalaliswa isuka eZambia yaya eSouth Africa. Zinezigxobo ezicwebezelwe kakhulu kunazo zonke izinkampani ezingaphansi.
• a. AmaTsTsensensis - uhlala eNtshonalanga Afrika yonke. Umzimba umfushane futhi une-muzzle ebanzi.
• a. UConstrictus - angatholakala e-Angola, eningizimu yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo naseNamibia. Ine-constriction ejulile ye-orbital.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke esihlanganisa ndawonye imikhomo nemvubu yindlela yemvelo yasemanzini yokuba khona kokugcina. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emanzini amnandi, futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu imvelo abakwazi ukuphila. Izidalwa ezinje azimpande emanzini anosawoti. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni lapho imifula igeleza olwandle, noma kungenzeki kaningi, kuyenzeka.

Futhi bayakwazi ukubhukuda ukunqoba ubunzima besolwandle beyofuna izindawo ezintsha ezifanele ukuhlala. Indawo ekhethekile, okungukuthi, ephakeme futhi ngezinga elifanayo, lamehlo abo aqondiswe phezulu nasemakhaleni obanzi, kanye nezindlebe zabo kubavumela ukubhukuda ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokulimaza ukuphefumula kwabo kanye nombono womhlaba wangaphandle, ngoba indawo enomswakama ihlala ingaphansi komugqa othile.

Imvubu emanzini Ngokwemvelo uyakwazi ukungagcini ngokuzwa kuphela, kodwa futhi ashintshanise amasiginali akhethekile, adlulisela imininingwane ezihlotsheni, eziphinde futhi zifane namahlengethwa, nokho, njengawo wonke ama-cetaceans. Ama-Hippos awokubhukuda okuhle kakhulu, futhi inqwaba yamafutha angamaphazili ayabasiza ukuba bahlale emanzini, futhi ulwelwesi ngezinyawo zabo lusiza ukuhamba ngempumelelo kule ndawo.

Lezi thugs nazo diving emihle. Njengoba sebegcwalise ngokuphelele amaphaphu ngomoya, bangena ekujuleni, ngenkathi bevala emakhaleni abo ngemiphetho yabo enamanzi, futhi kungaba nemizuzu emihlanu noma ngaphezulu. Imvubu emhlabeni ebumnyameni, bazitholela ukudla kwabo, kuyilapho ukuphumula kwabo kwasemini kwenzeka kuphela emanzini.

Ngakho-ke, bathakazela kakhulu ukunyakaza komhlaba, noma bakhetha ukuhamba ebusuku. Ngempela, lapho kukhanya usuku emhlabeni balahlekelwa umswakama omningi oyigugu, ovela ngokugcwala esikhunjeni sabo esibucayi, esinobungozi kakhulu kuso, futhi siqala ukushona ngaphansi kwelanga elingenamusa.

Ngalezo zikhathi ezinjalo, ama-midges acasulayo ase-Afrika agobhoza lezi zilwanyana ezinkulu, kanye nezinyoni ezincane ezidla kuzo, ezingagcini nje ngokuhlangana nokuba khona kwazo okungathandeki, kepha futhi zisize ama-thugs angenazinwele ukuba akhiphe torsos zawo enqunu kusuka ekulimeni kwezinambuzane ezinobungozi, ezingaba buhlungu kakhulu .

Ukuhleleka okuhlukile kwezinyawo zabo, ezihlotshiswe ngeminwe emine, kusiza izidalwa eziyingqayizivele ezinjalo ukuhamba emhlabathini odaka eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Isilwane sizidlulisela phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ulwelwesi phakathi kwazo luyeluleka, futhi ngakho-ke indawo engaphezulu yoxhasomali engaphezulu iyanda. Futhi lokhu kusiza imvubu ukuba ingaweli ekubhekeni okungcolile.

Imvubu – isilwane esiyingozi, nasemhlabeni ikakhulukazi. Akufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ezingalweni zezinto zasemhlabeni uhleli phansi futhi akunakuzisiza ngamehlo akhe. Ijubane lokuhamba komhlaba kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela ku-50 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthwala kalula umzimba wakhe omkhulu futhi usabela kahle.

Futhi-ke, uma kunikezwe ulaka olwedlulele lwesilo, umuntu kungcono ukungahlangani naye. Isilo esinjalo sasendle asikwazi nje ukuchoboza inyamazane enezinyawo ezimbili, kodwa futhi nokudla kuso. Phakathi kwabo, la ma-weightweights alwa njalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakwazile ukubulala imvubu yengane, uma kungeyona eyakhe, kodwa iyisihambi. Kulabo abamele umhlaba wezilwane, abashadikazi bezikhumba ezinde banquma ukubhekana nezingwenya kuphela, amabhubesi, obhejane nezindlovu.

Imvubu ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-48 km / h

Kumhlambi wezimvubu, ezingaba ngamashumi ambalwa kuya kwembalwa yezinhloso eziyikhulu, kukhona nezimpi ezingapheli ukuthola indawo yazo esigabeni seqembu. Imvamisa abesilisa nabesifazane bagcinwa bodwa. Kukhona abesilisa ababodwa abazulazulayo bodwa.

Emhlambini oxubile, amadoda ahlala egxila emaphethelweni, evikela izintombi zawo kanye nezilwane ezincane, eziphakathi nendawo kwalesi sigcawu. Lezi zidalwa ziyaxhumana phakathi kwazo nezibonakaliso zezwi ezikhutshwa emoyeni ovulekile nasekujuleni kwamanzi.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyamangaza, ukugquma, ukugibela amahhashi (mhlawumbe yingakho babebizwa ngamahhashi asemfuleni), futhi kwezinye izikhathi ukubhonga, okukubi impela phakathi kwemvubu futhi kusakazeka cishe amakhilomitha wonke.

Umsuka wemvubu

Kuze kube ngu-1997, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi imvubu ingenye yezihlobo zengulube evamile yasekhaya, okuyiyo engaphansi kwesifunda. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kwakususelwa ekubonakaleni kwangaphandle kwesilwane, izici zomzimba zesakhiwo samathambo nezitho zangaphakathi. Ucwaningo olunzulu luvunyelwe ukuphikisa lesi sitatimende. Izifundo eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule zabonisa ukuthi izimvubu zihlobene kakhulu nemikhomo. Njengobufakazi, ososayensi basebenzisa la maqiniso alandelayo:

imvubu izakhamizi zamanzi ahlanzekile angenamanzi, ezinye izinhlobo zemikhomo yasendulo nazo zazihlala kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi angenamanzi, imikhomo ibeletha futhi inikeze amawundlu emanzini, izimvubu zenza okufanayo, imikhomo nemvubu ayinawo umugqa wezinwele, ngaphandle kwezinsikazi ezingaziwa ekhanda nasemsileni, imikhomo ukuxhumana ngaphansi kwamanzi ngosizo lwemisindo ekhethekile, imvubu iyakhula ngakho-ke ukuxhumana komunye nomunye, izivivinyo zomkhomo kanye nemvubu yeduna zitholakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Idlozi lemvubu emfishane yavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-54 edlule. Isilwane sasihlala esihlahleni sehlathi, sithanda ukuhlala sodwa. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-2,5 eyedlule, kwavela imvubu ejwayelekile - izidalwa ezinkulu futhi ezinolaka kakhulu ezisakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke. Ezikhathini zasendulo, okungenani izinhlobo ezi-4 ezihlukene zabamele uhlobo lweMvubu luhlala ezwekazini lase-Afrika, kodwa kancane kancane bonke bafa. Ngenxa yocwaningo lwezilwane, ochwepheshe babeneminye imibuzo, enjengokuthi: imvubu ye-artiodactyl noma cha, imvubu yasendulo idlani ngokwemvelo, mingaki imvubu eyayihlala?

Imvubu noma imvubu?

Imvubu nemvubu - ingabe isilwane esifanayo, noma sisahlukile? Umbuzo wokuthi izimvubu nemvubu zihluka kanjani kukhathazeka izizukulwane eziningi zabantu, futhi impendulo yawo kufanele ifunwe, okokuqala, ekungabumbeni kwezendawo nakwezepolitiki.

Ngakho-ke, kusuka olimini lwesiGrikhi igama elithi "imvubu" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ihhashi lomfula". KwakungamaGrikhi aqala ukusebenzisa leli gama maqondana nezakhamuzi zase-Afrika ezinamandla.

Ngasikhathi sinye ngolimi lwesiHeberu kunegama elithi "imvubu", elisetshenziselwa ubuningi futhi elihunyushwa ngokuthi "isilwane". Leli gama lavela okokuqala ngesiRussia cishe engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18.

AbaseYurophu bathola ubukhulu bezwekazi lase-Afrika ngaphambili futhi babiza isilwane abasibonayo - imvubu, abamele izwe lamaSlavic abafike e-Afrika bengazi ukuthi isidalwa abasibonile sinegama. Ukuntuleka kolwazi oludingekayo kwaholela ekubonakala kwamagama amabili esilwane esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi “imvubu” lisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izakhamizi ezihlala endaweni yamazwe e-CIS, kanti igama elithi “imvubu” lisetshenziswa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngakho-ke, into esemqoka ehlukanisa imvubu kwimvubu ukupelwa kwegama ngokwalo, akukho mehluko phakathi kwemvubu nemvubu.

Imvubu noma iHippo vulgaris

Imvubu noma imvubu evamile (iHippopotamus amphibius). Isilwane esikhulu, esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-5.5 ubude namamitha ayi-1,7 ukuphakama. Isisu esikhulu semvubu siphumula emilenzeni emifushane, ubude baso bincane kangangokuba lapho uhamba isilwane sithinta umhlabathi. Umlenze ngamunye uphela ngezinzwani ezi-4 ezinamazinti azinzile, phakathi kwawo kukhona izingqimba ezikuvumela ukuba ubhukude kahle futhi zikuvimbele ukuthi ungashoni lapho uhamba phezu kwenhlabathi eshisayo (ukwakheka kwemilenze yemvubu emfishane kuyafana).

Isigaxa sikunxande, izindlebe zincane, ziyiselula, amathumbu abanzi, anamathele phezulu, amehlo mancane, acashile ngaphansi kwezinkophe ezinde, kodwa abonakala kahle. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zamakhala kukhona ukudumba kaphayini, okuvelela abesilisa kuphela. Umlomo uvuleka ngamadigri ayi-150, kanti ububanzi bemihlathi bungamamitha ayi-0.7.

Imvubu inamazinyo angama-36 - ingaphandle le-6, i-6 molars, 2 canines kanye ne-4 incisors. Amazinyo ambozwe nge koqweqwe oluphuzi.

Amathanga abesilisa abunjwe ngesikhuhlu esinomugqa omude, otholakala emhlathini ongezansi, angafika ubude obufika kumamitha angama-0.6 futhi abe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu. Uma isilwane sesilahlekelwe ngama-canine amabili emihlathini ephezulu, khona-ke ephansi ingafinyelela imitha eyi-1 ubude, ibhoboze izindebe futhi yenze ukudla okujwayelekile kungenzeki.

Imvubu noma imvubu ye-pygmy

Imvubu noma i-pygmy hippo (Hexaprotodon liberiensis), ebizwa nangokuthi "mwe-mwe" no "nigwe". Inokufana kwangaphandle kommeleli omkhulu wohlobo, kodwa ubukhulu obuncane. Cishe imisindo yemvubu inesisindo esingakanani, ngenxa yezenzo zesilwane esezisondele.

Imilenze yemvubu mini yinde, intamo ibonakala kahle, emlonyeni kukhona kuphela i-1 incisors (kokujwayelekile kukhona ezimbili). Ngemuva kwesilwane kuthambekele kancane phambili, emakhaleni nasemehlo empeleni awaveli ngaphandle. Ubude bomzimba - amamitha ayi-1.5-1.7, ukuphakama - amamitha angama-0.8. Uketshezi oluvikelayo emzimbeni luthola i-pink hue, ezimvwini ezijwayelekile kakhulu lubomvu.

Endulo, ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zilwane zahlala eMhlabeni:

Imvubu Antiquus. Wayehlala eYurophu ngaphezu kwesigidi 1 edlule. Izidumbu zalo zatholakala endaweni yaseJalimane yanamuhla. I-Hexaprotodon harvardi. Izinsalela zalolu hlobo lwemvubu kusuka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-7.5-5,6 edlule. Lesi silwane sasinjengembewu yaso yanamuhla emfushane.

Lapho ufunda izinhlobo zamanje zemvubu, okungenani ama-subspecies ayi-5 ahlukaniswa, ngamunye unendawo yawo, kodwa nedatha yangaphandle efanayo:

IHippopotamus amphibius amphibious Linnaeus, Hippopotamus kiboko Heller, Hippopotamus capensis Desmoulins, Hippopotamus tchadensis Schwarz, Hippopotamus constrictus Miller.

Ukwehlukahluka kofuzo phakathi kwezinhlangano ezintathu zokuqala ezishiwo kwembulwa kuphela ngo-2005, ukuba khona kwalezi zinhlangano ezimbili ezisele kuyangatshazwa.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni lwemvubu, bonke abantu banomsila omncane, ongafika kumamitha ayi-0.54. Ngokwesisekelo, iyindilinga futhi iminyene, kepha ngasekupheleni iba yisicaba. Ama-bristles amancane akhona ekugcineni komsila. I- "Vibrissa" imboza isihlakala esikhulu sesilwane nezindlebe, zikhona ngobuningi obukhulu ezinhlangothini nasiswini.

Umbala wangemuva ungwevu, onsundu okhanyayo, isisu, ikhanda nezindlebe kupinki.

Ukufika okusha olwazini lomhlaba weplanethi kungenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuthola umehluko phakathi kwembungu emfushane nemvubu ejwayelekile, kepha umcwaningi onolwazi nakanjani uzosho ukuthi lezi zilwane azifani kangako. Umehluko ubonakaliswa, uqala ngendawo yokuhlala futhi uphela ngendlela ithole elizalwa ngayo.

Zihlala kuphi imvubu? Habitat

Indawo yemvubu yesimanje inomkhawulo, kepha eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-1 edlule lesi silwane satholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-Eurasia, i-Middle East, iziqhingi zaseCyprus naseCrete, kanye naseMadagascar (izinhlobo zezidalwa) naseNgilandi. Ukunyamalala kwemvubu evela engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwekazi kanye neziqhingi kuhlotshaniswa nokuqala kwenkathi yokugcina yeqhwa esikhathini sePleistocene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane sasihlala ePalestine kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-Iron Age, futhi sanyamalala sivela enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika kuphela esikhathini sakudala. Imihlambi emikhulu yemvubu yatholakala eNayile Delta nase-Upper Egypt, ekugcineni anyamalala kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX.

Imvubu noma imvubu ejwayelekile ihlala e-Afrika eseningizimu yehlane laseSahara. Ungahlangana naye eKenya naseTanzania, e-Uganda, Zambia, Malawi naseMozambiki. Inani lemvubu kulezi zindawo lifinyelela izinkulungwane ezingama-80. Izilwane futhi zihlala eNtshonalanga Afrika, imihlambi yazo embalwa iyasala eSenegal, Guinea-Bissau, eRwanda, eBurundi, eCongo. Ngasikhathi sinye, hhayi kuphela izilwane ngokwazo ezisongelwa ngokubhujiswa, kodwa futhi nezindawo lapho kuhlala khona izimvubu.

Ama-hippos ama-dwarf nawo ahlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, atholakala eLiberia, eRiphabhulikhi yaseGuinea, eSierra Leone naseCote D'Ivoire.

Ubukhulu bendawo yokugcina kanye nobumsulwa bamanzi alesi silwane akunandaba ukuthi uzizwe kahle, ichibi elincane lodaka lanele, amabhange alo ambozwe ngotshani obukhulu. Uma ichibi loma, imvubu iyathutha iyofuna indawo entsha. Wenza njalo ngokungavamile, kepha kwakukhona izandulela. Ukushintshwa okukude kuyingozi esilwaneni; isikhumba saso esisindayo sidinga ukuthambisa njalo ngoketshezi, ukungabikho isikhathi eside okungaholela ekufeni komuntu.

Izici Zokuziphatha Zokuziphatha

Uhlobo lwesilwane lincike ezinhlotsheni zalo. Ngakho-ke, imvubu ejwayelekile ingenye yezakhamizi eziyingozi zase-Afrika. Unolaka, ucasulwa ngokushesha, akasidingi isizathu sokungena ku-fray. Ukudana kukhonjiswa ngabesilisa nabesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabhekiswa kokubili kwezinye izilwane nakubantu.

Ubuchopho bemvubu budala kakhulu kangangokuba buhluleka ukuhlukanisa abangane nezitha endaweni ezikuyo, yingakho izilwane zihlala zilwa nomphikisi ophakeme ngamandla - obhejane ngisho nendlovu. Insimu ahlala kuyo iyona kuphela inani lowesilisa, nenzalo yabesifazane. Ukuze zivikele, izilwane zibhubhisa konke okusendleleni yazo. Isilwane esithukuthele noma esesabekayo sigijima ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angama-30- 40 ngehora, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungathukutheli imvubu.

Ngabe idlani imvubu?

Imvubu isilwane esikhulu, ngoba umbuzo wokuthi kudlani imvubu, ukuthi kudlani imvubu endaweni yemvelo, kufanelekile kunalokho. Lokhu kudla kufaka okungenani izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-27, eziningi zazo ezikhula ngasogwini lolwandle. Isilwane senqaba ukudla i-algae nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Ngenxa yemihlathi enamandla, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukubamba iziqu zotshani zisondele esisekelweni sazo. Imvubu nemvubu eyodwa evamile idla amakhilogremu angama-70 esisindo esiluhlaza ngosuku. Isisu, esisekude ngangokunokwenzeka kubantu abakhulu kangako, sivumela umuntu ukuba afunde ukudla amahlandla ama-2 ngokushesha kunendlovu noma obhejane. Kulokhu, imvubu yayinenhlanhla, ngoba idinga ukudla okungaphansi okuphindwe kabili kuya kambili ukuze kwanelise.

Indlela yokuphila yeHippo

Imvubu ejwayelekile nemvubu - isilwane sezinkomo. Inani labantu emhlanjini owodwa onjalo livame ukusuka ezinhlwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-200. Umhlambi ngamunye uqukethe owesilisa nowesilisa, oholwa abanamandla kubo.

Umholi uvikela ilungelo lobumbano empini nezihlobo zakhe, okubandakanya inzalo. Izimpi phakathi kwabesilisa zinesihluku esikhulu, ophumelele angalandela isitha esihluliwe amakhilomitha amaningi. Izimpi eziningi zenzeka emanzini, ngakho-ke owesilisa obuthakathaka unethuba lokucasha, angena shí ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi umphikisi uqine kangakanani noma uqine kangakanani, usayingozi empilweni yemvubu. Abesilisa abaphumelele empini bavame ukubulawa amanxeba abo. Akekho ongabikezela ukuthi imiphumela yempi izoba yini.

Imvubu yemidanso emvelweni igcinwa ngaphandle kwezihlobo. Ukhetha ukuhlala ngokwehlukana, noma ngambhangqwana, ukuthambekela kwemfuyo akukho, isilwane asivikele impahla yakhe.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imvubu ichitha cishe sonke isikhathi sayo emanzini. Bayakwazi ukucwila ngokuphelele ezansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi futhi babe lapho ngaphandle komoya imizuzu eyi-10. AmaHippos kakhulu ama-herbivores, kepha indlela yawo yokuphila ifana kakhulu nendlela abahlaseli abaphila ngayo. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuyinhloko ekukhetheni kwesikhathi sosuku sokudla. Njengomthetho, izilwane zihamba ziyofuna idlelo elisha ebusuku. Ukuziphatha okunjalo okungajwayelekile kuhlotshaniswa nokushisa kosuku, ngenxa yalokho imvubu idinga ukucwiliswa emanzini njalo ngemizuzu engama-20-30.

Yini esongela imvubu?

Isitha esikhulu semvubu umuntu amzingela inyama, amathambo nesikhumba. Emvubu emincane engenamandla, ingwenya yeNayile nengonyama kuyingozi futhi. Owesilisa noma insikazi endala evikela iwundlu izokwazi ukubhekana nomhlambi wamabhubesi, inqobo nje uma impi ingekho kude namanzi. Ingashiywanga, iwundlu lemvubu lihlaselwa yimikhuba, izinja ze-hyena nezingwe. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izilwane ezingama-12 kuya ku-50% zezilwane ezincane ziyafa, kanti usongo kuzo aluveli kuphela ezilwaneni, kodwa futhi nasezihlotsheni zazo. Esimweni sokufutheka noma ukwethuka, umhlambi unganyathela ingane.

Ukufa okuphezulu kwemvubu kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-anthrax phakathi kwabo. Ngenxa yokuqubuka kwesifo okulandelayo okwalandela ngo-1987, bangaphezu kwama-21% abantu abahlala ogwini loMfula iLuangwa (Zambia).

Ukuba khona njalo emanzini angcolile kunquma ukuba khona kwezifo ezinjenge-brucellosis ne-salmonellosis kuma-hippos. Kwi-zoo, izilwane zisongelwa ngesifo sofuba, ezilwaneni ezincane amathumbu kanye nengqondo ziyavutha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokungunda zithinta umzimba.

Imisindo emingaki imisindo engakanani?

Abesifazane nabesilisa abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 banesisindo esifanayo. Umehluko osindayo wemvubu uvela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3, akubalulekile, ngakho-ke, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane, ngokubukeka. Isisindo somzimba wemvubu sisuka ku-185 kuya kuma-250 kilograms ezinhlotsheni ezifushane. Isisindo esijwayelekile somzimba obunjwe umphongolo wemvubu ngamathoni angama-3-4. Kulokhu, inhloko yesilwane inesisindo okungenani sethoni elilodwa futhi ingama-25% esisindo somzimba. Uma umbuzo wokuthi isisindo semvubu sikala malini okukhathaza kakhulu, khona-ke uma uqhathanisa kufanele ucabange nge-trailer egcwele itshe. Isisindo sesilwane singu-2 noma ngisho no-3 walezi ziqola.

Imvubu yemidanso nezimvubu ezivamile zihlala kuphela emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile, ukufuduka kwazo ziye ogwini kuyinto eyindida, ezimeni eziningi ezihambisana nokushiswa komzimba wamanzi. Azikho izimo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo zokugcina isilwane ku-zoo, kwanele ukusinikeza ichibi elikhulu futhi nokudla okwanele. Abesilisa nabakaSami abahlala endaweni yokufakelwa abaziphathi ngolaka, ngenxa yokushoda kwesidingo sokulwela insimu.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngemvubu

Imvubu yayiyisilwane esifundwe ngokungafanele, amaphuzu avezwe ngezansi azogcwalisa izinkinga ezikhona emkhakheni wokuqonda indlela yayo yokuphila nezimpawu zokuziphatha:

Imvubu ikhula impilo yakhe yonke. Ama-bristles amboza isicoco somsila wendlu ophundu. Ukuba khona kwabo kuvumela le ngxenye yomzimba ukuba ibhekane kangcono nomsebenzi wayo - ukufafaza indle. Ngosizo lwabo, izilwane zimaka insimu yazo. Ziyehla endaweni efanayo. Emaphethelweni emifula namanzi amachibi, umuntu angavame ukubona izintaba zangempela zamanzi. Ukuphakama nobubanzi bentaba eyodwa enjalo kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,8 no-2 ngokulandelana. Isimangalo sokuthi imvubu iyi-herbivore kuphela inganekwane esekelwe ekubukeni impilo yamalungu omndeni ahlala yedwa. Imvubu ejwayelekile iyizisulu eziyingozi ezihlaselayo, kufaka phakathi abantu. Abantu abaningi bafa emihlathini yabo enamandla minyaka yonke kunokuhlaselwa ngamabhubesi, obhejane nezingwenya. Imvubu ayinazindlala ze-sebaceous, ngakho-ke kufanele ichithe isikhathi esiningi isemanzini. Elangeni, umzimba usheshe uphele emzimbeni, kuphuke isikhumba, kuvuvukele amadala bese kuvela amanxeba amasha. Izikhathi ezithile, kuvela imichilo yamagazi efana nesithukuthuku esikhunjeni semvubu. Eqinisweni, azihlangani negazi. Ekushiseni ngokweqile, umzimba wesilwane ukhiqiza uketshezi olukhethekile olupinki oluvikela isikhumba elangeni elihangayo futhi ngasikhathi sinye njenge-antiseptic. Ngaphansi kwethonya laso, amanxeba amaningi nokuqhekeka esikhunjeni semvubu kuyaphola ngokushesha. Ubisi lweMvubu lumhlophe. Imininingwane yokuthi imvubu encane idla ubisi olupinki futhi ngenxa yalokho ifinyelela isilinganiso esinjalo ingenye yezinganekwane ezivamile. I-pink hue ikhona ngempela, kepha isizathu sayo ihambisana noketshezi olukhethekile olupinki olumboza isikhumba sowesifazane. Abesifazane bazala kuphela i-1 cub. Amabhange emifula asephenduke indawo yemvubu amboza imigudu ejulile engumphumela wokuncipha komhlaba ngaphansi kwezidumbu ezinzima. Ama-Hippos awesabi izingwenya, abelana ngendawo yokuhlala yawo futhi avikele nezingwenya ezincane. Aborigine bayakufakazela ukuthi izingwenya ezisencane zigibela ngemuva kwemvubu ziyophumula futhi zisindise ezihlotsheni zazo ezinolaka. Imvubu ejwayelekile iyisilwane sasebusuku; ichitha isikhathi sasemanzini emanzini, iveze kuphela izindlebe namehlo ebusweni. Amathambo emvubu nemathambo ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, izindleko zawo zidlula inani lentengo yamazinyo endlovu. Isikhumba sesilwane esikhethwe ngokukhethekile sisetshenziselwa ukupenda amatshe ayigugu. IHippos ayithandi ukuhamba, kodwa uma kunesidingo ingahamba amabanga amade. Ngakho-ke, maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, imvubu eyayiqanjwa ngokuthi uHubert yadlula okungenani amakhilomitha ayi-1600 enqamula iningizimu Afrika. Uma imvubu isesigcinweni samanzi esisha isikhathi eside (iminyaka emi-2-3), khona-ke lokhu kunethonya elihle ku-ecosystem. Kukhuphuka okukhulu kwenani lezinhlanzi kanye nezinye izakhamuzi. AmaHippos ayakhulumisana phakathi kwawo, kuyilapho ekhipha ukubhonga kwezithulu. Uma isilwane esibuthakathaka sihlangana nesinamandla emendweni waso, khona-ke emzamweni wokugwema ukungqubuzana, wehlisa ikhanda laso liphansi ngangokunokwenzeka, siveza isifiso salo sokulalela.

Imvubu iyi-artiodactyl eyingozi, enokubukeka okungasebenzi ngokuphelele, engakufanelekeli ngokuphelele ukudalelwa umuntu akulungele. Eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule kuphela, okungenani imvubu eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi yaqothulwa e-Afrika, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa no-1993 inani labo lehle ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20. Imvubu emfushane isondele ngokuphelele ekuqothulweni ngokuphelele.

Imvubu inesisindo esingakanani?

Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, isisindo sowesilisa sisuka kumathathu nohhafu kuya kumathani amane nengxenye. Kutholakale abesilisa abanesisindo samathani amathathu, kepha isisindo akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwamathani amabili.

Ubukhulu buhlaba umxhwele. Ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-1,65, lesi silo singafinyelela kubude obucishe kube ngu-5.5 m, okwenza kube yisilwane sesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni (kanye nobhejane omhlophe) ngemuva kwendlovu.

Ngabe idla imvubu (imvubu)?

IHippopotamus iyi-herbivore, kepha ingadla inyama. Ukudla okuyinhloko ngotshani bomhlaba nobuseduze. Izimila ze-Aquatic azidli. Kudabula utshani ngezindebe eziwugqinsi. Amathumbu amakhulu (amamitha angama-60 ubude) akuvumela ukuthi ugaye kangcono, umise ukudla.

Ukuhlaselwa kwezinye izilwane kuyaziwa. Izimbaza, izinyamazane, izinkomo zingaba yizisulu, imvamisa kakhulu, izilwane ezilimele. Imvubu ingadla izihlobo zayo ezifile.

Izinhlobo zemvubu, zihluke kanjani?

Emhlabeni, ngaphezu kwemvubu ejwayelekile, obekuxoxwa ngayo ngenhla, kunesinye isidalwa - imvubu ye-pygmy, noma imvubu. Lesi isilwane esiyivelakancane, esisengozini, esatholakala ngo-1911.

Imvubu emfushane ifana neyejwayelekile ngokubukeka, ihola indlela efanayo, kepha kunokwahluka okuningana:

• Amasayizi mancane. Ukuphakama - kuze kube ngu-83 cm, ubude - kufika ku-177 cm.
• Isisindo - kufika kuma-275 kg.
• Umzimba awunasindayo futhi mkhulu.
• Imilenze yinde.
• Ikhanda lincane, lifushane.
• Intamo iphinyiselwe ngokwengeziwe.
• Amehlo namakhala awaveli kangako.

Lolu hlobo lwemvubu luhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Lesi yisilwane sodwa, hhayi isilwane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile, imvubu emfishane ayinamatheli kangako emanzini, uma kwenzeka ingozi ibalekela ehlathini. Ayithambekele ekuvikeleni izindawo zayo, ayinalo nolaka oluningi.

Ngokungafani nesihlobo sayo esikhudlwana, esingadeleli i-carrion futhi kwesinye isikhathi sizingele ezinye izilwane, imvubu emfushane idla utshani, amahlumela nezithelo. Ngendlela yayo yokuphila, indawo yokuhlala, imvelo, ukondleka, lesi silo sifana ne-tapir yaseNingizimu Melika.

Imvubu

Imvubu ejwayelekile ingeyezilwane ezinesithembu, okungukuthi, owesilisa oyedwa abesilisa nabesifazane abaningana eqenjini. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-7.5 (abesifazane), iminyaka eyi-9 (abesilisa). Isikhathi sokuhlobanisa sihambisana nezinguquko zesikhathi sezulu kwisimo sezulu, kuvame ukwenzeka ngoFebhuwari nango-Agasti.

Emhlangeni wezimvubu, kukhona owesilisa oyedwa ovelele, onelungelo lokushada nabesifazane. Kule ndawo kufanele ulwe namanye amadoda, okuvame ukuphela ngokufa koyedwa wabahlanganyeli.

Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngaphambi kokuba ingane izalwe, insikazi iyasuswa emhlambini. Abesifazane bazala ngamanzi, yize kunjalo amacala okuzala emhlabeni ayaziwa. Ngemuva kokuba ingane izelwe, umama uyamsunduzela phezulu ukuze angabibikho.

Kuze kube yilapho ithole liqine ngokwanele ukuzimela ngasolwandle, umama akadli lutho, uhlala eduzane. Ngaphandle komhlambi, insikazi newundlu kuhlala izinsuku ezingaba yishumi. Umama udla ubisi ezinyangeni eziyi-18 zokuqala. Ingane iphuza ubisi emhlabeni nasemanzini. Izinsikazi zinakekela inzalo, emhlanjini ziphakathi namawundlu, ungavumeli abesilisa bangene esifundeni sabo.

Emvelweni wemvelo, imvubu ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-40. Kunombono wokuthi isikhathi sokuphila sihambisana nesimo samazinyo. Imvubu ifa ngemuva nje kokuba ama-molars eseqediwe ngokuphelele. Ekuthunjweni, bavame ukuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50, irekhodi lokuphila isikhathi eside - iminyaka engama-60.

Imvubu yemidanso

Ukwahlulela ngokuziphatha ekuthunjweni, lesi isilwane esinyanyisayo esakha ngababili abazinzile. Izilwane zifinyelela ekukhulelweni kweminyaka yobudala engama-3-5, isikhathi sokuzala asincike esikhathini sonyaka. Ukukhulelwa ezilwaneni kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-200, kuzalwe kuphela ezweni. Ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo kusuka ku-4,5 kuya ku-6 kg, iqala ukuhamba kusenesikhathi, ifunda ukubhukuda isikhathi eside. Ubisi lukamama londliwa izinyanga zokuqala eziyi-6-8.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwemvubu emfishane imfushane kunokujwayelekile, yiminyaka engama-35 (ekuthunjweni).

Ngokungafani nezindlovu, obhejane, imvubu eYurophu yafika sekwephuzile. Imvubu yokuqala yi-Obaish, abavakashelwa eLondon Zoo okokuqala ngo-1850. Ngisho nangemva kwalokho, kwavela imvubu emincane, eyatholakala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Manje imvubu ejwayelekile itholakala kuma-zoo, afuywayo ekudingisweni, noma ngokuvamisile. Ama-warves kuma-zoos angabonakala kaningi.

Ukulungiswa, udinga indiza eyindilinga ngechibi elivulekile, lapho isilwane singacwiliswa ngokuphelele, futhi sizalwe ngobumnene kuso. Kudingeka amaphampu okushintsha amanzi. Uma kubanda kakhulu ebusika, kuyadingeka igumbi elifudumele.

Ekuthunjweni, izilwane zidla utshani, hay, izithelo ezintsha, imifino. Lokhu kudla kufundiswa kangcono kusukela ebuntwaneni. Imvubu ayidingi isiphuzo esihlukile, iphuza amanzi echibini, kepha izodingeka uma amanzi eba ngcolile kakhulu.

Inkinga enkulu ngokugcinwa kokumakelwa kwensimu ngodaka. Indawo ebiyelwe yakhiwa kabusha ukuze kuvikelwe izivakashi.

Ekwelapheni imvubu, imijovo iyinkinga enkulu. Indawo okuyiyo kuphela lapho isirinji ihlaba khona isikhumba yindawo engaphansi komsila. Kwezinye izimo, udinga inaliti ekwazi ukubhoboza isikhumba esiminyene.

Isiphetho

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, imvubu yayihlala kulo lonke elase-Afrika, manje zitholakala kuphela enkabeni naseningizimu yezwekazi. Inombolo lehla ngokuqinile.

Isitha esikhulu semvubu ngumuntu. Bazingela izilwane zenyama emnandi, izikhumba eziqinile. Abalimi bavame ukubulala lezi zilwane ngokonakalisa amasimu. Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke kuma-hippos ngabazingeli bezinkomo abazingela ngamazinyo. Inani lokugcina elilandelwayo lisesezindlovu zodwa, kulula ukuzidlulisela. Ngokukhudlwana, inani lezilwane lithinteka izinguquko ezimweni zokuhlala zemvelo: ukudonsa kwemifula, ukudala amadamu, ukunisela.

Kwezinye izifunda, inani lama-hippos amashumishumi eminyaka lancipha ngezikhathi eziyi-10-30. Manje isibalo sabo singaba izinkulungwane ezingama-150. Izinto ezimbi kakhulu zinemvubu emincane. Uma muva nje isibalo sabo sifinyelele kumakhulu amathathu, manje sehle saya kwayinkulungwane. Mhlawumbe ngokuzayo lezi zilwane zingabonakala kuphela kwi-zoo. Umsebenzi womuntu ukusindisa isilwane.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemvubu nemvubu?

Igama lesiLatin lemvubu lalibolekwe esiGrekini sakudala, ekuhumusheni elithi Hippopotamus lisho "ihhashi lomfula". IHippos yathola igama ngenxa yokuthi babehlala emifuleni futhi benza imisindo efana nokuma kwamahhashi. Emazweni e-CIS naseRussia, igama elithi "Imvubu" lathathwa, lathathwa encwadini kaJobe futhi libonisa idemoni lezifiso zenyama. Ngakho-ke, isilwane esifanayo sibizwa ngamagama amabili. Imvubu nemvubu kuyafana.

Ihlala kuphi imvubu?

Isilwane esinamabala okuhlala sihlala kakhulu emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi size sifinyelele phezulu ekudleni. Phambilini bekukhona nemvubu eminingi, inani labo lalichuma e-Afrika naseMesophothamiya. Ngaphambi kwesomiso, bekukhona futhi eziningi zalezi zidalwa ogwadule lwaseSahara. EGrisi yasendulo, izilwane zazihlala naseNyakatho Ntshonalanga Afrika, lapho kutholakala khona izindawo zaseMorocco nezase-Algeria. EGibhithe lasendulo bekukhona nemvubu eyayihlala eNayile Delta. Ukunyamalala ngokuphelele kwemvubu eGibhithe kuqale ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Ukubukeka

Lezi zilwane zinokubukeka okuyinqayizivele, ngakho-ke ukudidanisa nezinye izilwane cishe akunakwenzeka. Zimane zinomzimba omkhulu obunjiwe umgqomo, futhi ziphansi nje kunezindlovu. Lezi artiodactyls eziyingqayizivele zikhulisa impilo yazo yonke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokuphila, izinsikazi nabesilisa cishe banesisindo esifanayo, yize lesi sikhathi ingahlali isikhathi eside, ngoba abesilisa baqala ukukhuthala ukuthola isisindo bese kuthi emuva kweminyaka embalwa babe namandla amakhulu kunabesifazane.

Umzimba omkhulu utshalwe emilenzeni emifushane, ngakho lapho uhamba ngesisu ungafinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba. Umlenze ngamunye uphela ngeminwe emi-4, kuyilapho inselo ihlukaniswa ngesimo esiyingqayizivele. Kunama-membranes phakathi komunwe ngamunye, okuvumela ukuthi isilwane sizizwe sikhulu emanzini. Umsila wesimvubu, ongaba yingxenye yemitha ubude, uqwebekile ngasisekelo sawo futhi ucishe ucwebezele ekugcineni, kanti uyindilinga futhi uyaconsa kancane. Ukwakheka komsila kuvumela izilwane ukuba zisakaze indle yazo ibanga elide. Ngakho-ke, imvubu ibonisa izimpahla zabo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Ikhanda lesilwane limane likhulu, ngoba kuthatha cishe amaphesenti angama-25 esisindo somzimba wonke, futhi lokhu kucishe kube yitani elilodwa.Uma ubheka iphrofayili. Leyo khanda licishe libe ngunxande, kodwa ngaphambili lifiphele. Izindlebe zincane, kepha ziba nokuhamba okuhlukile. Amakhala asabanzi, futhi amehlo mancane futhi abonakala angcwatshwe emisebeni eyinyama yesilwane. Izindlebe zemvubu, amathumbu kanye namehlo asethelwe phezulu futhi akhiwe cishe emgqeni.

Ngenxa yelungiselelo elifanayo lalezi zitho, imvubu iyakwazi ukucwilisa emanzini cishe ngokuphelele, kodwa amehlo, izindlebe kanye namakhala kuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Imvubu zesilisa zingahlukaniswa nezinsikazi ngokuvuvukala okubunjiwe okwenziwe ngesigaxa okubekwe eduze namakhala, kolunye nenye. Ukudumba okunjalo akulutho kodwa kuyisisekelo samafangs amakhulu. Abesifazane abadala, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokuphila, bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Kungashiwo ukuthi isisulu semvubu sibanzi futhi sinamachaphaza amafushane futhi aqinile ngokuqina. Lapho imvubu ivula umlomo wayo, yakha i-angle ye-oda lama-degree angama-150, kuyilapho ububanzi bomlomo ovulekile bungamasentimitha angama-65. Imvubu ejwayelekile inamazinyo angama-36 ambozwe nge koqweqwe oluphuzi.

Umhlathi ngamunye uhlome nge-molars eyisithupha, amazinyo ayisithupha abunjiwe ngaphambili, kanye nehangunga nezikhuni ezine. Emadodeni, ama-fangs akhula ngokukhethekile futhi abukhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinesimo sekrwala nophawu olude lwethala lomhlathi ophansi. Kancane kancane, amaphanga agobela emuva. Kwabanye abantu, ubude be-canine bungama-60 cm, anesisindo esingama-kilogremu amathathu.

Ubungqabavu bezilwane ezinjalo bulele ekutheni banesikhumba esinyene ngokweqile, yize kusondelene nomsila akuyona eminyene njengakuwo wonke umzimba. Ngemuva kwesilwane kunethunzi elimpunga noma elimdaka, futhi isisu, ngaphakathi kwezindlebe nangamehlo, sinephunga eliphinki. Isilwane sinqunyelwa ngokuphelele izinwele, yize inani elincane kakhulu lezinwele likhula emsileni nasezindlebeni.

Iphuzu elibalulekile! Imiphefumulo ye-Hippo nayo ihlukile, ngoba ayithathi imiphefumulo engaphezu kuka-5 ngomzuzu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lapho zishona, zingahle zingaphefumuli ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe imizuzu eyi-10.

Ezinhlangothini nasiswini, izinwele nazo ziyakhula, kepha zimbalwa kakhulu zazo. Ama-Hippos awanazo izindlala ze-sebaceous nezithukuthuku, kepha kunezindlala zesikhumba ezitholakala kuphela ezincelisayo ezinjalo. Lapho kushisa kakhulu, isikhumba sesilwane simbozwa ngohlobo olukhethekile lomsipha we-hue elibomvu, elihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwemvubu ezinhlamvwini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuphalala kwegazi.

Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila

Ama-Hippos akhetha ukuhola impilo yomhlambi, ngakho-ke amaqembu awo angaba nabantu abambalwa abaningana. Usuku lonke lezi zilwane zisemanzini, kodwa lapho kuqala ubumnyama zihamba ziyofuna into edliwayo. Umsebenzi wezinsikazi ukugcina ukuhleleka emhlambini, kepha abesilisa banesibopho sokuphepha komhlambi wonke.

Abesilisa ngokwemvelo yabo banolaka impela futhi lapho befika eminyakeni eyisikhombisa bakhombisa ukuvutha ulaka kwamanye amalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi abesilisa. Ukuze bakwenze lokhu, babafafaza ngomchamo nezindunduma, kanye nokufiphala, bavule imilomo eminingi futhi bakhulume ukubabaza kobuhlanya.

Ngokuqala kokuqala, lezi zilwane zihamba kancane futhi zihamba kancane, kepha ziyakwazi ukushesha zifike ku-30 ​​km / h, ngakho-ke umuntu akakwazi ukubalekela kuye. Imisindo eyinhloko abayenzayo ingukugcwala kwesilo noma umakhelwane, njengokuheleza kwehhashi. Ama-hippos weaker, njengesibonakaliso sokuzithoba kubantu abanamandla, wehlisa amakhanda abo aphansi. Amadoda amadala aqaphe insimu yawo. Babeka uphawu emikhondweni yabo njalo babheke leyo ndawo nsuku zonke.

Mangaki imvubu ehlala

Ngokusho kososayensi, isikhathi sempilo yalezi zilwane zasendle asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-4. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuba sekudingisweni, bayakwazi ukufinyelela iminyaka engu-50, noma ngaphezulu kwalokho.

Njengomthetho, isikhathi sokuphila kwabo ngokuqondile sincike kusilinganiso sokuhlanzeka kwama-molars. Lapho imvubu ingenamazinyo, khona-ke emva kwalokho ayiphile isikhathi eside.

Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo

Njengomthetho, imvubu ejwayelekile ikhetha izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile omsebenzi wayo, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ivela emanzini asolwandle. Ihlala e-Afrika ikakhulukazi, lapho kuhlala khona imigqa yamanzi asemanzini asezindaweni ezinjengeKenya, iTanzania, i-Uganda, iZambia kanye neMozambiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, atholakala emanzini ezindikimba zamanzi ezahlukahlukene zamanye amazwe akhiwe eningizimu yeSahara.

Indawo yemvubu yaseYurophu engapheli yasakazeka endaweni eyayiphakathi kwe-Iberian Peninsula kanye neBritish Isles, kanye nasegodini laseRhine. Imvubu ye-dwarf yayimelela iKrethe ngesikhathi sePleistocene, kanti imvubu emincane yanamuhla ihlala e-Afrika kuphela, kufaka phakathi amazwe anjengeLiberia, iRiphabhlikhi yaseGuinea-Bissau, iSierra Leone kanye neRiphabhlikhi yaseCôte D'Ivoire.

Izitha zemvelo zemvubu

Izilwane ezinkulu nezinamandla kangaka azinazo izitha eziningi ngokwemvelo, kepha izingonyama namangwenya eNayile zibeka engcupheni ekhethekile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi owesilisa osekhulile uyakwazi ukumelana nomhlambi wonke wezinyamazane ezinkulu.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi maqondana nabesifazane abavikela amazinyane abo. Ibonisa ulaka namandla amangalisayo, insikazi iyakwazi ukuvikela inzalo yayo ngisho nasezingonyameni eziningi. Njengomthetho, izimvubu ziba izisulu uma zisemhlabeni, kude nedamu.

Njengomphumela wokubukwa kwesikhathi eside, kwatholakala ukuthi izimvubu nezingwenya zaseNayile ngokuqinisekile azihambelani futhi zihlala ngokuthula ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bendawonye bangaxosha izitha ezingaba khona endaweni yokugcina amanzi, futhi imvubu yabesifazane ingashiya izingane zabo ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezingwenya, ezikwazi ukuzivikela ezingubeni nasemabhubesini. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kusenamacala lapho imvubu ikhombisa ulaka olwedlulele ebhekise ezingubeni, futhi nalezo, zingadla kalula imvubu esanda kuzalwa, kanye neyogulayo noma elimele.

Iqiniso elibalulekile! Yize iqiniso lokuthi imvubu zisabhekwa njengezilwane ezincelisayo ezinama-herbivorous, nazo zithathwa njengeziyingozi kakhulu. Bahlasela abantu kaningi kakhulu kunezinyamazane ezinjengamabhubesi nezingwe.

Imvubu esanda kuzalwa, kanye nencane futhi ibuthakathaka, imelela inyamazane elula yezingwenya ezifanayo, amabhubesi, izingulule, izinkukhu kanye nezinja ze-hyena, noma ngabe zishiywa zinganakekelwa isikhashana. Imvubu yabantu abadala ngokwayo ibeka usongo olukhulu kwabancane, njengoba bekwazi ukuyinyathela kalula.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Namuhla, ezimweni zendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, inani lemvubu lincane kakhulu. Ngisho nangemva kwengxenye yekhulu edlule, inani lalezi zilwane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivikelwe abantu, azizange zibangele ukukhathazeka. Noma kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphandle kwezindawo eziqokiwe zokuvikela, isimo sasihlukile ngokuphelele futhi imvubu yabantu yayincipha ngokuqinile. Ngakho-ke, isimo sonke siqala ukwanda ngokubonakalayo.

Inkinga ukuthi:

• Kudliwa inyama yeHippo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iyancika, kepha inempilo. Kulokhu, imvubu iyimpilo yabantu abaningi base-Afrika.
• Isikhumba se-hippo, uma senziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile, sisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamasondo okugaya anomthelela ekusebenzeni kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwamadayimane.
• Amathambo e-Hippo athathwa njenganamandla futhi aqine kakhulu, ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhlobisa. Inani lamathambo emvubu liphakeme kunezindleko zophondo lwendlovu.
• Ama-Hippos, njengezinye izilwane eziningi zezwekazi lase-Afrika. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuzingela kwezemidlalo.

E-Afrika, eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, ngokusho kososayensi, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-125- 145 baphila, okuqinisekiswe yiqembu elikhethekile labaphenyi be-IUCN.

Kulezi zinsuku, iningi lemvubu lisakazeke kuyo yonke indawo eningizimu yeSouth ne-East Africa, kubandakanya namazwe anjengeKenya, iTanzania, i-Uganda, iZambia, neMalawi neMozambique. Ama-Hippos anesimo sokuvikela "izilwane ezisengozini." Kwezinye izizwe ezihlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, imvubu iyisilwane esingcwele, ngakho-ke ukuzingela kwabo kuyalawulwa.

Kusuka empilweni yemvubu: amaqiniso amangalisayo

Okokuqala, iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zibhekwa kahle njengezilwane eziyingozi kunazo zonke zase-Afrika kufanele liqinisekiswe ngokushesha. Ngeshwa, leli qiniso liyasebenza maqondana nalabo ngokwabo abazama ukusongela imvubu, ngoba abakwazi ukumelana nolaka nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Vele uzame ukungena esikhaleni sokuphila futhi ungazisola kakhulu. Lokhu kwaziwa “ngomakhelwane” bemvubu, ngakho-ke bayamhlonipha, futhi noma ngubani ongakwenzi lokhu, usazama ukuzungeza lezi zilwane, njengoba bethi, "Umgwaqo we-10". Ngokuqondene nakho konke, imvubu inezici zobuntu obunjalo kangangokuba nomuntu angamfela umona.

Ngokusho kwabaningi, imvubu ingaqhathaniswa nomuntu obambe ongemuva osindayo osezingeni eliphezulu. Lesi isilwane esizolile, kubukeka sengathi sinenkani futhi sihlehle, kuyilapho sinomunyu futhi singenalo nolaka, okuyinto engenazitha. Akabakhubekisi abancane, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile anganikeza usizo. Isilwane sinakho konke: indlu, umndeni, nokuchuma, ngakho-ke akunandaba ngokuphelele nomfokazi. Kepha, uma kukhona "ama-gopniks" noma labo abafuna ukudambisa imvubu, basheshe bazisole, ngoba imvubu ngokufutheka iyisilwane esibi ngempela esingaluma ingwenya yeNayile ngesigamu.

Ama-Hippos ayizilwane eziqinile kuphela, futhi anobuqili futhi anobuhlakani. Kunecala elaziwayo lapho ibhubesi lihlasela imvubu ebimane idle osebeni lwesilondolozi. Ngokunokwenzeka, wayelambe kakhulu nokuthi kwenzeka okuthile kuye ngobuchopho bakhe, ngoba imvamisa amabhubesi futhi azama ukungathinti imvubu. Izenzo zemvubu bezihlukile nje: wabamba isoni sakhe “ngentambo yentamo”, njengoba besho, bamhudula sambeka echibini, lapho kujule khona, wasebenzisa amandla amancane namandla ukuze alwe nomuntu amonile.

Icala lesibili libuye libonise ukuthi imvubu yizilwane ezihlakaniphile. Lapho imvubu ibiphumula emfuleni, yahlaselwa ngoshaka, ongaba amamitha ama-2 ubude. Kukholelwa ukuthi lezo zinhlobo zikashaka zinolaka impela. Ukuba sesimweni samanzi, i-herring shark ihlasela wonke umuntu ohlangana nayo endleleni. Uma ngokwesimo sebhubesi, imvubu idonsela amanzi emanzini, wabe esebamba ngoshaka okuphambene nalokhu: wahudula lesi sidlakela esinolaka wasibeka ogwini wasinyathela.

Imininingwane enjalo ingubufakazi bokuthi lezi zilwane ezincelisayo akuzona nje izingqondo, kodwa ubuchopho bokucabanga.

Ungakholelwa ukuthi imvubu iyizilwane eziyingozi impela futhi ihlasela abantu, kepha kunobufakazi bokuthi lesi silwane kasihlaseli kuqala. Abaningi babehamba ogwini lweNayile amashumi amakhilomitha futhi bamangala ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi imvubu eminingi yayicashe emfuleni. Noma ubusesikebheni, ungabhukuda udlule imvubu ngaphandle kokukuqaphela, futhi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukwazi ukwenza olwandle lwemfucumfucu ethwalwa yilomfula, amehlo namathumbu esilwane.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izilwane zizilolonga ngokudla okhulayo ngaphezulu kwesihlambi, ukuze zingahambi kude ziyofuna ukudla. Ukuze lokhu, umndeni ngamunye ukhawule indawo yakhe, izilwane zihlala zizifaka umquba ngayo. Ukuze “umanyolo” usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo phezu “kwengadi”, imvubu isonta umsila wayo njenge-propeller. Ngokuhamba okunjalo, isidalwa esiphilayo "engadini" sikhula ngokungxhuma nangemingcele, ngakho ukuhamba nje akunangqondo.

Ngale ndlela, izintokazi, zikhetha umlingani wayo kwezocansi, zinaka ukuthi owesilisa uwuphonsa kahle kangakanani umsila wakhe, ehlakaza “umanyolo”.