Uyemukelwa ekhasini 404! Ulapha ngoba ufake ikheli lekhasi elingasatholakali noma elidluliselwe kwelinye ikheli.
Ikhasi olicelile kungenzeka ukuthi lihanjisiwe noma lasuswa. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi wenze i-typo encane lapho ufaka ikheli - lokhu kuyenzeka nathi, ngakho-ke ihlole futhi ngokucophelela.
Uyacelwa ukuthi usebenzise indlela yokuhamba noma yokusesha ukuthola imininingwane oyithandayo. Uma unemibuzo, bese ubhalela umphathi.
I-Otter
I-Otter (lat. Lutra lutra- - isilwane esinoboya esivela emndenini oyi-marten, okuthi, ngokungafani neningi lezihlobo zaso zomhlaba, sikhethe indlela yokuphila yasemanzini.
Ungahlangana naye ehlathini imifula, amachibi, amachibi nasogwini lolwandle. Indawo yokuhlala yayo ifinyelela kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseAsia, ngaphandle kwaseNyakatho Ekude, futhi ithumba ingxenye esenyakatho ye-Afrika.
Isidingo esiyisisekelo se-otter esithelweni ukuba khona kwama-fenders angenawo ama-ice, amachibi, futhi, inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi. Ukuhlala eduzane nokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi, kungadala umonakalo omkhulu. Kuliqiniso, muva nje lobungozi buncishisiwe, ngoba inani lama-otter asendle lehlile kakhulu, naphezu kwazo zonke izinyathelo zemvelo ezithathiwe.
Ukuzingela kunqatshelwe emazweni amaningi, kepha, ngeshwa, lokhu akubavimbeli abazingeli, njengoba ama-otter enobuhlakani obukhulukazi, obuthi ngokwe-ukugqabhuka nokugqekeza bube u-100%. Imikhiqizo evela kwizikhumba ze-otter ingasebenza cishe izinkathi ezingamashumi amathathu, okuye kube yisizathu sokuqothulwa kweziningi kwalezi zilwane ezinhle.
I-otter inoboya obufudumele, obungenamanzi ngezinwele eziqinile zamathambo, kodwa ngaphansi kwendwangu ethambile futhi ethambile. Izingubo ezinjalo zifudumeza ngokumangalisayo ngenkathi zikwamanzi eqhwa, ngoba lesi silwane esingamakhilogremu ayishumi asinawo amafutha.
I-otter iyashona futhi ibhukuda ngokubabazekayo. Futhi lokhu akumangazi - kubonakala sengathi umzimba wakhe ulungele kahle ukunqoba izikhala zamanzi. Isilwane esixakile futhi esiguquguqukayo esinobude bomzimba obungu-55 kuya ku-95 cm masinyane sinqamula emanzini, futhi umsila ongamamitha nesiqingatha obukhulu usebenza njengesondo lokuqondisa elivumayo. Izindlebe ezimfishane eziyindilinga zifakwe ngama-valves akhethekile akhiya umnyango wokuvula ngaphansi kwamanzi.
I-otter inekhanda elisicaba, esifushane, isifindo esikhulu nentambo eqinile, eqinile. Amaphayi amafushane, anamasondo angenalutho nezitho zokubhukuda phakathi kwezinzwane. Kulokhu, imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kancane kunemilenze yangemuva, esiza futhi i-otter ukubhukuda kahle. Ekhanda lakhe, emilenzeni nangemuva elingaphezulu unejazi elimnyama noma elinsundu, izinhlangothi zakhe zilula kancane futhi isisu sakhe siyisiliva.
I-otter idla kakhulu inhlanzi, ithanda ngokukhethekile i-trifle ehlukile, ebhekana nayo ngqo emanzini. Uma okuthile okukhulu kungena emazinyweni alo mdobi onekhono, lesi silwane sidonsa inyamazane yaso siwele ogwini futhi sidle ngokudla. Esikhathini esedlule, kwakuyizinsalela zemikhosi enjalo enikeza abazingeli indawo yokuhlala yezakhamuzi zemifula, ngoba inani elikhulu lamathambo lihlala lizungeza izimbobo ezifihlwe ngokucophelela.
I-otter yisilo sasebusuku esifihla endlini yaso phakathi nesikhathi sokukhanya kwemini. Kuliqiniso, ikhaya lakhe alisiyobuhle njengaleyo ebheji, kepha lisomile futhi libanzi. Kepha akathandi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside - uma kungekho ukudla okwanele noma uma wonke umhlonyane uqandeka ngokuzumayo, otter uya eyofuna indawo entsha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngosuku akwazi ukunqoba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-15, egcwele iqhwa elijulile.
Ehlobo, ucishe ahlala axazululwe, ngoba esikhathini esifudumele ungashintshanisa indlela odla ngayo ngamagundane amancane, ama-invertebrates, ngisho namadada nabahamba ngezidladla. Ngemuva kwalokho uletha izinsana zakhe eziyizimpumputhe, ezihlala kulitha elilodwa zivame ukusuka kwezimbili kuye kwezine. Yize ukukhulelwa uqobo kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-63 kuphela, isikhathi sokukhulelwa singelula izinyanga ezingaba ngu-9, ngoba ama-otter, njengamabhere, kwesinye isikhathi anesikhathi eside sokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-otter athontshiwe kalula futhi ayakwazi ukufunda kalula amanye amaqhinga amnandi. Kepha ngeke ubabone esisekelweni, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuqeqesha lezi zilwane ezingenakuphumula: lapho unolwazi ngesenzo esithile futhi uthole ukwelashwa ngakho, umhlaziyi ngokushesha uzama ngandlela-thile ukwahlukahluka okuhlongozwe ngumuntu, kwesinye isikhathi kuyiguqule ngaphandle kokuqashelwa.
Ukubhebhetheka
I-otter iyizinhlobo ezingandile, zasakazwa endaweni. Kuzo zonke izimfela, iyisisulu esidla ubhedu kakhulu: ihlala ngasogwini lwemifula, amachibi namachibi. U-Otter wachithwa ngentshiseko ngabazingeli ngekhulu le-19. Ngo-1946, yavinjulwa ngabazingeli basezindlini zaseNovoburasky, eSamoilovsky naseVolsky, ngonyaka we-1948 - iBalashovsky neBazarno-Karabulaksky. Ayikho imininingwane eqondile ekusatshalalisweni kwayo kwamanje esifundeni Saratov. Lokhu kungenxa yokutholakala kwesimilo sendlela eyingozi kanye nendlela yokuphila ecashile, kanye nobungqabavu baso ukushintsha ngokushesha izindawo zokuhlala emfuleni ngokuncipha kwemithombo yokuphakelwa noma ukukhathazeka komuntu. Kuhlangatshezwane nokuhlangana okuhlukile kwe-otter esifundeni sezikhukhula saseKhopra, esifundeni sezikhukhula saseKaramansky naseKoshelevsky. Ukuhambela okungajwayelekile kwesilo kusuka ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane zeVoronezh, Samara kanye nePenza kungenzeka.
Incazelo ye-Otter
Ama-Otter angamalungu omndeni weseleel. Ziyizidlanzana zeqiniso ezinemhlathi enamandla ezinamazinyo amakhulu agobile. Lesi sakhiwo sibavumela ukuba baphuke kalula amagobolondo ama-mollusks. Ama-otter olwandle aze abe nezimpofana ezingaphendukeki emilenzeni yangaphambili, ebenza babe yingozi ikakhulukazi esibayeni.
Ukubukeka
Ukubukeka nosayizi wama-otters kuncike ngqo kuhlobo lwawo. Ama-otter emifuleni anemizimba emide, ehambisanayo, imilenze emifushane, iminwe ye-webbed, kanye nemisila emide e-conical. Yonke le mishini iyadingeka empilweni yayo yasemanzini. Umzimba we-otter umbozwe ngoboya obunsundu ocebile ngaphezulu futhi obukhanyayo, obudonsa ngesiliva esiswini. Uboya ngokwawo buhlukaniswe izinwele ezihlanganayo ezihlanganayo kanye nengubo ebanzi kakhulu, engugqinsi, engangeni manzi. Ama-Otter cishe ahlanze uboya bawo, ngoba isilwane esinezinwele ezingcolile singafa emakhazeni asebusika. Uboya obumsulwa obumsulwa busiza ukugcina kufudumele, ngoba cishe akukho mafutha emzimbeni we-otter.
Amadoda amadala ezinhlobo zemifula avale amasentimitha angama-120 ubude, kufaka phakathi umsila, futhi anesisindo esisuka ku-9 kuye ku-13 kilogramu. Izinsikazi ezindala zincanyana. Ama-otter emfuleni kwesinye isikhathi ayaphutha ngenxa yabalingani bawo basemanzini. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa babameleli basolwandle ngosayizi bafinyelela amasentimitha angama-180 nesisindo esingama-kilogramu angama-36. Ama-sea otter aguqulwa amanzi anosawoti, abhukuda aye ogwini kuphela eholidini eliyinzalo kanye nenzalo. Abantu basemfuleni bangahamba ngaphezulu komhlaba amabanga amade.
Ama-otter omfula ayathanda ukudlala emadwaleni ashelelayo noma emabhange aneqhwa, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ngisho nemisele yemizimba yabo eqhweni. Amaqhinga abo avela ekhasini le-memes kwi-Intanethi, okusenza simamatheke kaningi. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukubukeka kungakhohlisa.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
I-otter iyimfihlo kakhulu. Iheha insimu yezindawo ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini, ukusuka emifudlaneni emincane kuya emifuleni emikhulu, amachibi asezintabeni, amachibi asogwini kanye namabhishi anesihlabathi. Kodwa-ke, ama-otter ahlala ogwini lolwandle olunosawoti kumele abe nokufinyelela kwezinye izindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze abhukuda. Umuntu ngamunye uvame ukumaka insimu yakhe. Ngaphakathi kuwo, i-otter ingaba nezindawo zokuphumula eziningana, ezibizwa ngama-sofas kanye ne-foci engaphansi komhlaba - ama-holts, angatholwa ebangeni elibonakalayo (kufika ku-1 km) ukusuka emfuleni. Ama-Otter awazakhi izidleke. Bangena emiseleni ebekelwa phansi noma emabeleni ngaphansi kwamatshe nezimpande zezihlahla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-otter emifula asebenza ubusuku nemini uma engazizwa eyingozi noma ukuba khona komuntu oseduze. Wonke amahora okuvuka awachitha enqubekweni yenhlanzeko, okondlayo nasemidlalweni engaphandle. Ama-otter River asasebenza unyaka wonke, ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlala ehamba. Okuhlukile kungukukhulisa inzalo yabesifazane kuphela.
Ukubuka ama-otter, udinga ukuhlala endaweni ethule endaweni eyodwa ephakeme ngaphezu kwamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuthola i-angle yokubuka lapho umqali engeke akhonjiswe khona emanzini. Ama-otter River ayaphaphama, abe nokuzwa okuthuthuke kahle nomqondo wokuhogela, kepha kunalokho anombono omfushane futhi ngeke akwazi ukubona lowo obukelayo uma engashukumi. Naphezu kwesimo sangaphandle esihle sesilwane, ungakulweli ukuhlangana okusondele. Yize imvamisa bengahlaseli abantu, akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ngokuziphatha kowesifazane nezingane.
Izinhlobo zama-Otters
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 zama-otters. Bebeyi-13 kubo kuze kube yilapho kuthiwa umfula iJapan Otter usudlulile emhlabeni ngo-2012. Lezi zilwane zihlala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwase-Australia nase-Antarctica. Ezinye zazo zingamanzini kuphela, njengama-sea otter ahlala olwandle lwePacific.
Futhi abanye bachitha isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yesikhathi sabo emhlabeni, njenge-otter enkulu ehlala emahlathini emvula aseNingizimu Melika. Zonke zidla izinhlanzi, igobolondo, ama-lobster kanye nezilwane ezincane ezitholakala ogwini. Ama-Giant otters adla njalo kuma-piranhas, futhi nezimbaza zazaziwa ukuthi zibanjiwe ziphangwa.
I-otter encane kunazo zonke yi-East noma i-Asia Shorthair. Lesi isilwane esincane esihle, esikhanyayo esinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4,5. Ama-Shorthair otters ahlala emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abayisithupha kuya kwabangu-12. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ngasogwini lwamachibi nemifula eningizimu ye-Asia, kodwa amanani azo ancipha njengoba indawo yazo yemvelo ilahlekile.
I-otter yaseYurophu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Eurasian noma ivamile, iyizilwane ezivame kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuguquguquka futhi zingahlala emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene, ezinhlobonhlobo zazo ezihlukahluka kusuka kwezinhlanzi kuya ku-crab. Zitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ezifundeni eziningi zase-Asia, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeNyakatho Afrika. Lawa ma-otter ahlala yedwa. Ziyasebenza imini nobusuku, futhi zizingela emanzini nangasemhlabeni.
I-otter enkulu iyizinhlobo ezinde kakhulu, efinyelela amasentimitha angama-214 ubude ngaphandle komsila namakhilogremu angama-39 ngesisindo. Lama-otter ayizinhlobo zezenhlalo futhi anendlela yokuphila efana naleyo yezimpisi. Amaqembu abo ngamanye anama-alpha, okuwukuphela kwabantu okukhiqiza inzalo. Bazingela nangamaphakethe, babulale badle ama-caimans, izinkawu nama-anacondas. Kepha uhlobo oluphambili lokudla yinhlanzi.
Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo inhlanzi, ama-invertebrates kanye nezincelisayo ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi onogwaja baba yizisulu. Lawa ama-otter athanda ukugibela emagqumeni aneqhwa. I-otter yasolwandle ingumpetha osindayo. Owesilisa omdala ufinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-45 isisindo. Lesi isilwane sasolwandle esihlala olwandle lwePacific.
Kuyathakazelisa! INorth American River Otter isilwane ngamasentimitha angama-90 kuye kwangama-12 ubude kusuka ekhaleni kuya emsileni futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-18. Imvamisa bahlala ngamaqembu amancane, kuvame ukuba bodwa.
I-otter yasolwandle kuyaqabukela ivele ogwini. Baze babe nokudla kubhukuda emhlane besebenzisa izisu zabo njengepuleti. Lezi zilwane zisebenzisa amatshe amancane ukusuka phansi ukuvula amagobolondo ama-mollusks, okuyinkomba yobuhlakani obuphakeme.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Umkhawulo we-otter ungelula amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ubude bebanga lonke buxhomekeke ekutholakaleni kokudla. Kukholakala ukuthi izindawo ezincane kakhulu ezitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini, zenza ibanga elingama-2 km. Izindawo ezinde kakhulu zitholakala emifudlaneni ye-alpine, lapho abantu abaphakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-20 beyindawo yokuhlala yabantu yokudla. Isifunda sabesilisa, njengomthetho, sikhulu kunaleso sowesifazane. Kwezinye izikhathi ziyahlangana. Isilinganiso senani labantu abadala abangaba ngu-10,000.
Ama-otter wensimu esetshenzisiwe angasebenzisa izindlu eziningana. Bahlala emiseleni yemvelo yamatshe, imikhoba ezimpandeni zezihlahla ezikhula ngasosebeni lwemifula namachibi. Lezi izidleke zemvelo zinezitolo ezimbalwa ezingabonakali ezivela ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezilwane. Ama-Otter awazakhi izidleke, kepha angangena ezindlini ezishiywe onogwaja noma izingodo. I-otter ibuye ibe nezindlu ezibucayi - ezitholakala kude ekulimeni okuminyene kude namanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nezikhukhula zokuqala.
Ukudla kwe-Otter
Ama-otter River angamathuba abondla ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, kepha iningi izinhlanzi. Imvamisa badla izinhlanzana ezincane ezihamba kancane, ezinjenge-carp, iminerals yodaka. Kodwa-ke, ama-otter afuna ngenkuthalo ama-salmon aqabulayo, ahamba amabanga amade emva kwakhe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-otter asemfuleni ayagaya futhi aqinise ukudla ngokushesha kangangokuba lonke ivolumu elidla lihamba ngamathumbu ngehora elilodwa nje.
Ama-otter asemfuleni nawo adla izimbaza zamanzi ahlanzekile, i-crayfish, amakhrayoni, ama-amphibians, amabhungane amakhulu amanzi, izinyoni (ezilimele kakhulu noma amadada okubhukuda kanye namahansi), amaqanda ezinyoni, amaqanda ezinhlanzi kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (ama-muskrats, amagundane, amabhele amancane). Ekupheleni kobusika, izinga lamanzi livame ukwehla ngaphansi kweqhwa emifuleni nasemachibini aqandisiwe, kushiye ungqimba lomoya oluvumela ama-otter omfula ukuba ahambe futhi azingele ngqo ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Yize ama-otter angazala nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, iningi lawo likwenza entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Owesifazane ngosizo lwezimpawu ezinamakha usayina abesilisa mayelana nokulungela kwabo ukuzala.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe amalitha. Ngokuvamile kunezingane ezimbili noma ezintathu kulo doti, kepha ezinhlanu ziye zabikwa. Ezinye izinyanga ezi-2, ngaphambi kwenkululeko yezingane, umama uzihudula phakathi kwezindlu. Ama-otter asemancane ahlala eqenjini lomndeni cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuhlakazeka ukudala imindeni yawo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-sea otter asebenzisa isivinini sawo nokushesha kwawo ukuze azivikele. Izinhlobo zemifula zisengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi lapho isemhlabeni. Izidlakela (ama-coyotes, izinja zasendle, ama-cougars kanye namabhere) zihlasela ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane.
Futhi, abantu babamba ama-otter emfuleni ukulawula inani lezinhlanzi emachibini angasese nasezitolo zezinja zokuvikela, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwempahla yangasese. Uboya balesi sidalwa buyasiza futhi. Imithelela ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu be-otter ifaka ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, kanye nezinguquko endaweni yokuhlala kwamabhange emifula ngenxa yezinguquko.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Namuhla endle, kukhona cishe ama-3,000 ama-sea otter olwandle kanye nama-168,000 ama-sea Alteran nama-Russian sea otter. Inani lama-otter ase-Ireland lihlala ingenye yezinza e-Europe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunobufakazi bokuthi, ngemuva kokwenza ucwaningo lwakuqala lukazwelonke, ukwehla kokuxhaphaka kwalesi zinhlobo kwabonwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980.
Siyethemba ukuthi izizathu zalokhu kwehla zizobhekelwa ngokukhomba izindawo ezithile zokongiwa kwemvelo, kwenziwe ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwezwe lonke kanye nokuhlolwa okugxile kakhulu. Ubungozi besibalo samanje sama-otter ukungabibikho kokudla ezindaweni abahlala kuzo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezindawo zokuzijabulisa nezindawo zokuhlaselwa.
Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila
Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yesifunda seSaratov, i-otter yona ihlala ikakhulu imifula egcwele izinhlanzi, ngamabhange ambozwe yihlathi lezikhukhula. Eduze kwesiteshi, ikhetha izindawo ezinezimpophoma ezingabandi ebusika, futhi imithambeka yolwandle egudla ihlanzwa ngamanzi futhi igcwele ngeqhubu lomoya iyadingeka. Imvamisa kuma-biotopes anjalo kunamakhoselo amaningi athembekile nezindawo zokwakhiwa kwemisele.Yonke imisebenzi esemqoka ye-otter yenzeka ohlangothini olunqenqemeni lolwandle - olungamamitha ayi-100 ogwini ngalunye, indawo ngayinye ithatha indawo ukusuka kuma-12 kuye kuma-300 ha. Kuyinto evame kakhulu emachibi nasemachibini ayizikhukhula.
I-otter isebenza kakhulu ebusuku, ebusika ngesimo sezulu esinamafu ungayibona phakathi nosuku. Indlela yokuphila ecashile imvumela ukuthi akwazi ukuhlala ngisho nasezindaweni ezinkulu. Emhlabeni, i-otter ihlala phansi futhi imbi; emanzini iyashesha futhi ishesha.
Imvamisa i-otter esendaweni enendawo inomgodi ongapheli nezindawo zesikhashana zokukhosela. UNora wanelisekile, njengomthetho, osebeni lomfula olunamanzi. Isigaba esikhulu sisekujuleni kwamanzi, futhi igumbi lokuhlala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, litholakala ngaphakathi kwelesi elingasogwini endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwamanzi okuthi lapho izinga lokugcina liwohloka, lihlale lingagcwaliseki. Indlela yokungena umoya omncane iholela emhlabeni ukusuka egumbini lokuhlala. Igumbi lokuhlala lifakwe ngotshani obomile noma ngo-moss.
Izici zokukhiqiza kabusha esifundeni seSaratov azifundiswanga kahle, kepha cishe zonke izehlakalo eziphambili ezihambisana nokukhiqiza zenzeka ngendlela efanayo nakwezinye izingxenye zobubanzi. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari - Mashi, ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto angama-9 ukuya ku-10, kuthi isikhathi sokufika kwesikhathi sawo sikhule sifinyelele ezinsukwini ezingama-270. Amawundlu elitha udoti avame ukuba ngu 2-5. Kwezinye izindawo eziyingxenye yengxenye yeRussia yobubanzi bayo, amacala okuzala unyaka wonke ayaziwa, bese kuthi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
I-otter ihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, ngakho-ke imvamisa ithola ukudla emanzini. Idla ikakhulu inhlanzi ezincane: i-crucian carp, i-pike, i-roach kanye namathole. Ebusika, udla amasele, awazingela emigodini ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibamba amakhrayoni, ihlasela amadada kanye nemifula evela ngezansi, idla izibungu zezimpukane zecaddis namanye ama-invertebrates asemanzini, futhi ogwini kwesinye isikhathi zidla ngamagundane anjengegundane (izindunduma zamanzi, amagundane asehlathini, izivalo ezibomvu).
Izici zokunciphisa kanye nesimo
Okubhalwe phansi kufakwe ku-Red Book yesifunda seSaratov. Isimo sokuvikelwa: 1 - okungajwayelekile kakhulu, okubhalwe engcupheni ebekelwe inani eliphansi kakhulu nesakhiwo sendawo-sesikhashana sebanga, esengozini yokuqothulwa. Idatha enembile yokubalwa kwemali yesifunda seSaratov ayiyona. Ngokusobala, ezigodini zemifula yedolobha laseDon kunabantu abacishe babe babili kuya kwabathathu, izindawo eziningi ezakhiwe zaziwa esifundeni sezikhukhula endaweni ephakeme yedamu laseVolgograd, eduze nemifula yeVolga kunabantu abavame ukufuduka isikhathi eside besuka komunye umfula uya komunye.
I-otter ibilokhu ibhekwa njengendondo yokuzingela ebalulekile. Yayiqothulwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yoboya obuhle kakhulu futhi obuqinile, ukugqokwa kwayo ebhizinisini loboya kuthathwa njengo-100%. Namuhla, ngenxa yenombolo encane nezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuvikela ukuzingela okuqondisiwe kwama-otter esifundeni akuqhutshwa. Kodwa-ke, ingafa ngengozi, iboshwe emanetheni okudoba, ebanjwe ugibe noma isicupho esibekwe ezilwaneni eziseduze namanzi ezentengiso. Ezinye izinto ezingezinhle ezinciphisa inani lama-otter futhi zinciphise ukusatshalaliswa kwalo kubandakanya ukungaphazanyiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokulawulwa kokugeleza kwemifula nokugawulwa kwamahlathi asogwini. Kubaluleke kakhulu kumhlaseli ukuthi kunenani elanele lezinhlanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi, ngakho-ke, ukuncipha kwamasheya ezinhlanzi kwenza ukuthi i-otter ingabikhona emifuleni eminingi esifundeni.
Okunye ukunikezwa:
Cascade yamachibi kanye nokutshala kwama-Ostapenko
I-VIP echibini "Amatshe amnyama"
Thula ukuzijabulisa Tale
Ipulazi lechibi lePodgornovsky
Ipulazi lepulazi "I-Golden Carp"
I-Yelshansky Pond Cascade
Ipipi Elikhulu Lesiphambano
I-Golden Pond
Hlanganisa nge. I-Alexandrovka
Izilwane zesifunda Saratov
I-otter inoboya obufudumele, obungenamanzi ngezinwele eziqinile zamathambo, kodwa ngaphansi kwendwangu ethambile futhi ethambile. Izingubo ezinjalo zifudumeza ngokumangalisayo ngenkathi zikwamanzi eqhwa, ngoba lesi silwane esingamakhilogremu ayishumi asinawo amafutha.
I-otter iyashona futhi ibhukuda ngokubabazekayo. Futhi lokhu akumangazi - kubonakala sengathi umzimba wakhe ulungele kahle ukunqoba izikhala zamanzi. Isilwane esixakile futhi esiguquguqukayo esinobude bomzimba obungu-55 kuya ku-95 cm masinyane sinqamula emanzini, futhi umsila ongamamitha nesiqingatha obukhulu usebenza njengesondo lokuqondisa elivumayo. Inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi. Umsila wesilwane awubumbekile nakancane, kepha ufakwe inqwaba yemisipha. Izingxenye ezingemuva komsila zinokuqongelela okukhulu kwezicubu ze-collagen ezidingekayo ekuqongeleleni amafutha. Izindlebe ezimfishane eziyindilinga zifakwe ngama-valves akhethekile akhiya umnyango wokuvula ngaphansi kwamanzi.
I-otter inekhanda elisicaba, esifushane, isifindo esikhulu nentambo eqinile, eqinile. Amaphayi amafushane, anamasondo angenalutho nezitho zokubhukuda phakathi kwezinzwane. Kulokhu, imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kancane kunemilenze yangemuva, esiza futhi i-otter ukubhukuda kahle. Ekhanda lakhe, emilenzeni nangemuva elingaphezulu unejazi elimnyama noma elinsundu, izinhlangothi zakhe zilula kancane futhi isisu sakhe siyisiliva. Ijazi lasehlobo lingaphansi kancane kwengubo yasebusika, kepha umbala awushintshi. Isakhiwo esikhethekile solayini wezinwele sivumela i-otter yomfula ukuthi ingangeni emanzini.
I-otter idla kakhulu inhlanzi, ithanda ngokukhethekile i-trifle ehlukile, ebhekana nayo ngqo emanzini. Uma okuthile okukhulu kungena emazinyweni alo mdobi onekhono, lesi silwane sidonsa inyamazane yaso siwele ogwini futhi sidle ngokudla. Esikhathini esedlule, kwakuyizinsalela zemikhosi enjalo enikeza abazingeli indawo yokuhlala yezakhamuzi zemifula, ngoba inani elikhulu lamathambo lihlala lizungeza izimbobo ezifihlwe ngokucophelela. I-otter ithanda izinhlanzi ezincane nezinhlanzi ezinkulu, futhi ibamba ngenkuthalo ifry ezindaweni ezinotshani. Ebusika, idla amasele, njalo - izibungu ze-caddis. Ehlobo, ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, kubamba ama-voles amanzi nezinye izinduku, futhi ezindaweni ezihlala zizingela izinyoni namadada. Izisulu zakhe kwesinye isikhathi onogwaja, izinyoni kanye namanye amagundane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angadla ukudla kwezitshalo.
I-Shelter ivikelekile futhi ayibonakali kunoma ngubani u-mink, umnyango ongaphansi kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-mink akleliswe ngotshani namaqabunga ngaphakathi, njengomthetho, anokufaka ezimbili nokuphuma. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlela indawo yayo yokuqhuma emihumeni noma, njengesidleke, emahlathini eduze kwamanzi. I-otter ibhukuda futhi ishayeke kahle, futhi ngaphansi kwamanzi ingahlala imizuzu eyi-5. Ngaphambi kokuya ogwini, umvubukuli udonsa ngokucophelela futhi aqalaze, futhi uvame ukubeka ukuphuma okugcwele ngamagatsha noma ngamaphiko.
Ngenxa yobulukhuni be-otter, kunzima ukuzikhipha kuyo, ngisho nangezinguquko ezisheshayo eziqonde kuyo. Zizingela kahle ngisho nasemanzini anodaka, enquma indawo lapho izinhlanzi zinezinyamazane zazo eziminyene. Kodwa-ke, ukufinyelela umgomo, i-otter ithatha amandla amaningi. Munye kuphela kule mizamo emithathu ophumelele. Ngaphambi kokudla inyamazane yakhe, uzozijabulisa nayo, okuqinisekisa ukuzethemba kwe-otter. Lapho egcwele, otter angalala phansi alale.
I-otter yisilo sasebusuku esifihla endlini yaso phakathi nesikhathi sokukhanya kwemini. Kuliqiniso, ikhaya lakhe alisiyobuhle njengaleyo ebheji, kepha lisomile futhi libanzi. Kepha akathandi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside - uma kungekho ukudla okwanele noma uma wonke umhlonyane uqandeka ngokuzumayo, otter uya eyofuna indawo entsha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngosuku akwazi ukunqoba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-15, egcwele iqhwa elijulile.
Ehlobo, cishe kuhlala njalo kuhlala, “Indawo yomuntu uqobo” ye-otter eyodwa yingxenye yomfula kusuka 2 kuya ku-18 km ubude futhi amamitha ayi-100 ekujuleni kogu. Ama-Otter anobuqili obungajwayelekile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abunegazi. Ubuqili futhi ubuqili.
Njengoba izungeza indawo yayo, lesi silwane sihlala sihamba ogwini, sibhukuda ngezikhathi ezithile. Unqoba umgwaqo wamanzi, wehlela emfuleni, futhi uzulazula nokudlwengula komhlaba. Lesi silo esikhaliphile, esikhuphuka ngasogwini, sivame ukusika indlela, sidlula ezindaweni ezixineneyo. Indlela ngayinye yenguquko ejwayelekile enjalo ikhonjiswa indlela enophawu kahle lapho i-otter igijima khona maduze, ngaphandle kokuma. Lapho isifikile emanzini, isilo singena ngaphakathi kuyo ngokushesha, futhi ukusuka ogwini ivele iwele esiswini sayo.
I-otter emfuleni, isilwane esithembu, ayinamatheli kumlingani oyedwa. Abadala besifazane bagwema ukuhlangana, ngaphandle kokuthi izilwane uma zishada. Ama-Otter awanayo inkathi ethile yokuzalela, imvamisa ngoMashi-Ephreli. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zezulu, zingakwazi ukuzala cishe unyaka wonke. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-otter aba nokudlala. Kodwa noma phakathi nemidlalo, okungenani eyodwa yayo ihlala iphapheme kakhulu futhi ihlola insimu. Abesilisa bavame ukuhlela ukulwa ilungelo lomuntu wesifazane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-otter anamathele kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ukuhlangana kuvame ukwenzeka emanzini. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, insikazi iqala ukuhlanza ikhaya layo, imlungiselela ukubonakala kwezingane. Ucheba inhlabathi futhi anwebe umgodi wakhe. Owesifazane uthwala inzalo cishe izinsuku ezingama-63, noma ngabe ukukhulelwa konke kuyizinsuku ezingama-270. Owesifazane oyedwa uzalela imidlwane emibili kuya kwemine.
Ubude bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-18 cm kube nesisindo somzimba esingu-77- 133 g. Ekuzalweni, ama-otter amancane awaboni lutho. Amehlo avulwa ngezinsuku 9-10. Ama-otter asemancane abhukuda kahle, kepha abanye abantu bayasaba amanzi, futhi umama kufanele awadonse emhlabeni awayise emanzini.
Lapha, izingane zilandela onina, zifunda lapho okufanele zibambe khona, lapho zingathola khona indawo yokuhlala, lapho amanzi ageleza khona lapho futhi lapho kuhamba kancane. Kancane kancane, amawundlu ajwayela emanzini futhi awesabi ukudonsa nokubhukuda. Amawundlu aphelele avuthwa ngeminyaka emibili yokuphila kwawo. Kakade kule minyaka bayakwazi ukuzitholela inzalo yabo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-otter athontshiwe kalula futhi ayakwazi ukufunda kalula amanye amaqhinga amnandi. Kepha ngeke ubabone esisekelweni, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuqeqesha lezi zilwane ezingenakuphumula: lapho unolwazi ngesenzo esithile futhi uthole ukwelashwa ngakho, umhlaziyi ngokushesha uzama ngandlela-thile ukwahlukahluka okuhlongozwe ngumuntu, kwesinye isikhathi kuyiguqule ngaphandle kokuqashelwa.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-otter emvelweni siyiminyaka eyi-10.