Possum - Lezi yizilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, nazo zingokwokungathembeki kwezilwane zasendle. Abamele kuqala bavela kudala, ekugcineni kweCretaceous. Kusukela lapho, azikashintshi kakhulu.

Lokhu kufakazelwa yi-morphology yabo, okokuqala, ukwakheka kwesikhwama nemilenze, futhi okwesibili, ukutholakala kwamazinyo ngokuya ngefomula ye-archaic: izihloko ezinhlanu ngenhla, ezine phansi, amahlombe namazinyo e-molar akhule kahle. Sekukonke, anamazinyo angama-50 emilonyeni yawo.

Amasayizi wezinto ezinokwenzeka angahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayisikhombisa kuya kwamashumi amahlanu, kuya ngohlobo. Ngokwesisindo sizuze amakhilogremu ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa. Umhluzi wesilwane uhlala ubukhali, futhi phansi komsila kungahle kube nokuqina lapho amafutha ngokweqile afakwa khona ngosuku lwemvula.

Umsila wazo cishe uhlala ungenazinwele. Umzimba we-phenum umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, kodwa kunalokho amafushane. Emaphethelweni e-paws, ama-uwezekano angaba neminwe emihlanu enezigaqa ezibukhali. Bangabusuku.

Izinambuzane zihamba phambili ekudleni, kepha futhi zingaba ngama-omnivores. Ukudla kuncike endaweni yokuhlala ngqo. Ezinye zithanda izitshalo, kanti ezinye zifuna ukuzingela okugcwele.

I-Opossum Habitat

Njengamanje, wonke amathuba aqukethe indawo eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika asuka e-Ontario kuya e-Argentina, ngenkathi kuvubukulwa eYurophu, izinsalela ze-opossum zatholakala emabangeni aphezulu abasebenza nge-paleontologists.

Indawo abahlala kuyo ibanzi, bahlala emahlathini nasezitebhisini, nasezindaweni eziwugwadule, ezinye izinhlobo ziphila ngendlela yokuphila yasemanzini, ezinye zithanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni noma emiseleni endaweni eyisicaba.

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezihlala ezintabeni, ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine ngaphezu kolwandle.

Isifiso sempilo nokuzalwa

Ngokwemvelo yazo, izilwane ziyafisa, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Amakhefu aqhakaza kakhulu - ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala amasonto amabili kuphela, futhi inani lamawundlu lidlula amashumi amabili kwilitha elilodwa.

Isikhathi sokuphila asidluli iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, ukuthomba kuzo zombili lezocansi kwenzeka ngezinyanga eziyisikhombisa.

Kunjani isilwane phenum enamahloni kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka umhlangano nomdlwenguli uhla kakhulu futhi uzenze sengathi ufile. Ngalesi sikhathi, amagwebu amaningi aqala ukuphuma emlonyeni, amehlo abe ngamafu, futhi imfihlo, iphunga elibukhali kakhulu, iyakhishwa kwizindlala ku-anus. Ukuhlwitha umzimba, imvamisa, inyamazane idelela futhi ishiya, isilwane siphile futhi siphunyuke.

Lapho ubona ingozi, i-phenum ingavele ifile ngenkathi ikhipha iphunga elingajabulisi

Amaphosta ekhaya

Njengezilwane ezifuywayo zomndeni, kufanele ucabangele inketho efana nalezi amakhaya ekhaya. Lezi zilwane ziziphatha ngokwehlisa umoya, ngayinye yazo inomlingiswa wayo.

Akunjalo, uma ungasijezisi isilwane esinecala ngokomzimba, kulokhu uzogcina ethukuthele futhi asilume, futhi kufanele ungazivaleli esitokisini isikhathi eside, futhi sithukuthele ekuboshweni.

Njengoba zingamaxoxo anobuthi amangalisayo, umsila onenkani nezimpelesi ziyabasiza kulokhu, kungcono kakhulu ukuzithenga noma ukuzenzela ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuqeqesha.

Ushukelaum, njengokubukeka okuthandwa kakhulu ekhaya, kukhetheke kakhulu ekudleni. Kokudla okhethwe ngokungafanele, impilo yakhe ingancishiswa kakhulu.

Okokuqala, awukwazi ukubondla njalo ngokudla okuqediwe, futhi okwesibili, udinga ukubondla njalo amantongomane neminye imikhiqizo yemvelo, ngoba i-emnivorous.

Kwesinye isikhathi ungapha izingcezu ezincane zenyama, imifino nezithelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, bathanda kakhulu izimpukane, izibungu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidumile phakathi kwabadobi, izimpethu - izibungu zezimpukane. I-Opossum iyisidalwa esimnandi, kodwa esinesimo sasendle.

I-Sugar noma i-phenum iyizilwane ezijwayelekile kakhulu zasekhaya.

Intengo kashukela posum (phenum) iyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-2500 kuya kwangama-10000, yize kukhona abahwebi ababuza ngezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-15 no-20. Lezi zintengo zamanje ukusuka ku-02.08. Unyaka ka-2016.

Amathuba okuvela ku-Ice Age babekuthanda ukubhukuda, leli qiniso lihlobene nempilo yangempela, ngoba mikhulu kahle, ngakho-ke, ikheji lesilwane kufanele lihlanzwe njalo, okungenani kanye ezinsukwini ezimbili.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuhlale kunamanzi anele esitokisini, ngoba ama-opossums adliwa kaningi kakhulu futhi okuningi, futhi ukuntuleka komswakama kungaholela ezifweni.

I-Possum enamathole

Uma izingane zifuna isilwane esinjengaso ukuthnga ukuthenga kungaba ezindaweni zokugcina izingane noma kubanikazi abadala. Futhi kumasayithi ahlukaniswe njalo kuhlala kunesigaba sokuthengiswa kwezilwane, lapho ungasesha khona izinhlobo ezinjalo.

Ukuthola isilwane esinjalo, uzokhumbula izikhathi eziningi ezihlekisayo ongazibuka nsuku zonke, ngoba ngamunye wabo unomlingiswa ohlukile futhi onesimo sokudlala. Njengoba isilo sande kakhulu, intengo enganeni i-phenum hhayi phezulu kakhulu - esifundeni ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezine kuya kwezinhlanu.

Possum fur

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukwakheka kwezinwele ezivela ku-inclum kufana kakhulu nezinwele zebhele - kuyize ngaphakathi, okugcina ukushisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya kudlala kahle kakhulu esikhunjeni saso.

Ngenxa yezimfanelo ezinjalo, zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi bejazi lobuboya. I-Opossum Fur Coat ngokugqoka kahle akubukeka kubi ngokwedlulele. Njengoba ukuzalaniswa kwabo kuyindaba elula, intengo yomkhiqizo onjalo isebangeni lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu.

Izingubo ezinjalo zoboya zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-fashionistas amancane asenayo imali eyanele yenketho ebizayo. Okuwukuphela kwento engemihle ukuqina kwawo kungukuqina.

Ijazi elinjalo loboya lingasebenza ngokuthembekile, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kuze kube yisikhathi sasebusika lesihlanu - lokhu akuyona isibalo serekhodi, kodwa hhayi esincane. Ngisho ijazi le-mink, ngokunokwenzeka, eminyakeni emihlanu, abesifazane abaningi bazodinga ukufaka elinye elisha.

Incazelo nezici ze-inclum

"Impungushe encane onsundu enemilenze emifushane nomsila omude" yincazelo yokuqala ye-phenum, eyenziwe ngo-1553. Ngemuva kwalokho uPedro Siesa wafika eMelika. Lesi yisazi sokuma komhlaba saseSpain, esinye sezazi zokuqala.

USiez wayengeyena udokotela wezilwane. Izinhlobo ze-phenum azange zinqunywe kahle. Eqinisweni, lesi silwane singukungathembeki kwezasekhaya, hhayi i-canine, njengezimpungushe.

Phakathi kwama-marsupials, i-2 superways ihlukaniswe:

1. Wase-Australia Kubandakanya isabelo sebhubesi sezilwane ezincelisayo ngesikhwama sesikhumba esiswini sazo. Lapha, kanye nama-kangaroo, nama-bandicuts, kanye nama-mosupial moles, abamele abamele isigaba sanjenge-Tasmanian devil.
2. WaseMelika Imelelwa kuphela ngokudonswa kwama-Optums. Ngasikhathi sinye, e-Australia kukhona uhlobo olufanayo- iPossum. Abantu baseMarsupials bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-endemic e-Australia, okusho ukuthi bahlala emazweni abo kuphela. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezilula kakhulu ziseMhlabeni omusha.

Ukuba isilwane sakudala, i-phenum:

1. Inamazinyo angama-50. Eziyisishiyagalolunye zazo izisusa. Ezinhlanu zitholakala ngaphezulu kanti ezi-4 zingezansi. Lesi sakhiwo samazinyo asendulo sakhiwe kuzincelisayo zokuqala emhlabeni.
2. Okuhlanu-kugcwele. Emilenzeni ezincelisayo eziphakeme, iminwe eyi-6.
3. Inesikhwama lapho i-phenum cub ingena ezinsukwini eziyi-12 yobudala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ama-Optum abizwa ngokuthi ama-prenatal. Esikhwameni, njengokungathi kusibeletho sesibili, amawundlu ayaqhubeka nokukhula, enika ubisi lukamama. Izinduna ezincelisayo ziya ngaphakathi kwesibaya sesikhumba.
4. Kubonakala emhlabeni kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi seCretaceous, okungukuthi, cishe izigidi ezingama-200 zeminyaka edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-dinosaurs ahlala eMhlabeni.
5. Kuhlukaniswa ukukhula kwezitho zomzimba wesibeletho.

Akuwona wonke amathuba angaba nesikhwama. ENingizimu Melika, kunezinhlobo zezingono zazo ezisetshenziswe esifubeni. Izilwane ezinjalo zenza ngaphandle kwesikhwama. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ze-sim azihlukile. Kukhona ama-marsupials ngaphandle kwamafolda esikhumba. Futhi i-wombat ayinasikhwama.

Ngakho-ke i-phenum sengathi ifile, isabisa izisulu

Amakhebuli ama-opossums angenasimilo nawo azalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, anamathele ezingonyameni zikanina. Isithombo sihlala esifubeni sakhe aze akwazi ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela.

Ngethuba le-marsupial, i-fold fold yesikhumba yenziwe lula, ivulekela umsila. Akuthandabuzwa "ephaketheni" elifana ne-kangaroo.

Izinhlobo zezinketho

Akuwona wonke amathuba, anjengencazelo kaPedro Siesa, abukeka njengama chanterelles amade amade nendevu. Kukhona ezinye ezifana negundane amathuba. Encane izilwane:

• amehlo amakhulu
• izindlebe eziyindilinga
• umsila ongenalutho, uqweqwe phansi futhi okwazi ukubamba izinto ezizungezile, uzisongele
• izinwele ezimfushane emzimbeni onsundu, beige, ompunga

Kunezinhlobo ezingama-55 ze-opossums yegundane, ngasikhathi sinye ezifana namagundane. Izibonelo yilezi:

1. I-Dwarf phenum. Unobuhle obuphuzi ,mpunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isilwane sifinyelela amasentimitha angama-31, okungazethembi igama lezinhlobo. Kukhona amathuba nezincane.

2. uLimsky. Kuvulwe ngo-1920. Isilwane sihlala enyakatho yeBrazil, ngoba siyivelakancane. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingama-55 zezinketho, cishe ezingama-80% azo.

3. Blase. Futhi i-inclum yaseBrazil, eyavulwa ngo-1936. Isilwane sihlala endaweni yeGoias. Njengamanye amathuba enziwe ngegundane, ilangabi lihlukaniswa isigaxa esikhanyayo, nesiwumngcingo.

4. UVelvety. Kutholakala eBolivia naseArgentina. Umbono wavulwa ngonyaka we-1842. Umbala wabamele lezinhlobo ubomvu. Izinwele zifana ne-velvet. Kungakho igama lezinhlobo.

5. Unomusa. Lona kuhlala i-phenum eningizimu yeBrazil naseArgentina, yavulwa ngonyaka ka-1902. Isilwane sathola igama laso ngenxa yokuvumelana okuthile nomusa waso wokunyakaza.

6. Ginger inclum. Ukuphila ePeru, eBrazil, eColombia, eGuyana, eSuriname. I-marsupial ikhululezwa njengamafutha nge-protocol ngaphansi kwesisekelo somsila. Umbala wesilwane, njengoba negama lisho, ubomvu. Usayizi we-phenum awudluli amasentimitha angama-25 ngomsila.

Phakathi kokukhethwa kukho okunezinwele ezinde, zobukhulu obuphakathi, okusikhumbuza kakhulu ama-chanterelles, ama-squirrels noma ama-martens, siyasho:

1. Ukubukwa kwamanzi. Itholakala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Umzimba wesilwane ungamasentimitha angama-30. Umsila umthamo wamanzi ugqoke amasentimitha angama-40. Ubuso besilwane bukhulu bomsindo, futhi emzimbeni ijazi limnyama omnyama.

Izindawo zaseMarsupial eduze namachibi, zibamba izinhlanzi kuwo. Ngokungafani nezindlela eziningi ezinokwenzeka, amanzi asemanzini anezinyawo ezinde. Ngokukhokhela kwabo, lesi silwane mude.

I-inclusum yamanzi inezitho zemilenzeni ngemuva, njenge-waterfowl

2. I-phenum enamehlo amane. Phezu kwamehlo amnyama kufakwa amabala amhlophe. Zifana nesibili lamehlo. Kungakho igama lezinhlobo. Uboya babamele bayo ngimpunga emnyama. Lesi silwane sihlala ezintabeni ze-Central neNingizimu Melika. Usayizi we-phenum enamehlo amane cishe ungaphansi kwesithathu kunamanzi.

3. Ushukelaum. Igama lakhe eliphakathi squirrel ezindizayo. Ngokwesihlukaniso se-zoological, isilwane iPossum, hhayi iPossum. Le yimindeni ehlukile. Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa kwezwe, abamele babo bahlukile ngokubonakala.

Isibonelo, u-Posum fur, ufana ne-plush ne-hollow ngaphakathi. Izinwele zezinwele zigcwele ngokuphelele, ama-coarser, isikhathi eside. Amehlo ezilwane mancane, hhayi aqobayo. Possum ngokufanayo ushukela ubizwe ngabaningi kuphela ngendlela yaseMelika, kepha ubukeka njengomuntu wase-Australia.

4. I-phenum yase-Australia. Eqinisweni, futhi isamba. E-Australia, lesi silwanyana singenye yezindawo ezihlala njalo ezihlala njalo. Uboya obudonswa embozwe wonke umzimba wesilwane, unethoni yegolide.

Kuvuliwe isithombe phenum ifana ne-kangaroo encane. Abantu base-Australia baqhathanisa lesi silwane ne-fox. Moss phenum.

5. I-Virgin phenum. Kubhekiswa kweqiniso. Ihlala eNyakatho Melika futhi inesikhwama esigcwele. Usayizi wesilwane uqhathaniswa nekati elifuywayo. Ijazi leVirgin Opossum linzima, alinamathe, futhi alimpunga. Izihlobo eziseduzane ziyizinhlobo zaseningizimu nezivamile.

Kunezinhlobo ezingama-75 zezinketho zaseMelika. Bahlukaniswe ngo-11 genera. Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwe-genus lweqiniso olungokwalo, luyahamba kancane, kancane. Kungakho isilwane sakhetha ukwenza sengathi yiyona ndlela enhle yokuzivikela.

Possum

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi isilwane esingajwayelekile kangako, esihlekisayo esincane, esincane, esifana neso i-phenum, ngesinye sezilwane ezindala ezisaphila kuze kube manje, ngokubukeka okungashintshi. Abaningi bathandana nabo ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwefilimu e-animated i-Ice Age, lapho ama-edams amabili ahlekisayo u-Eddie noCrash bangena ezenzakalweni eziningi ezimangazayo, balandelwa yizigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ake sizame ukuqonda kabanzi umlando kanye nokuphila kwalesi silwane esi-fluffy.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

I-Possum iyisilwanebakhetha izindawo zaseningizimu. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zabezokuvakasha eNyakatho Melika. Ziya phakathi nezwe, izilwane zibopha imisila nezindlebe endaweni ebusika ebusika.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo zamathuba weqiniso okukhona kuwo kuphela isipele somsila. Iningi elingaphezulu komhlaba limbozwe ngoboya. Kukwenele ukukhumbula i-phenum enomsila obukhulu. Kuyiqiniso, uhlala eNingizimu, hhayi eNyakatho Melika.

I-phenum enomsila omude

Izici zokuphila ze-Opossum zifaka:

• ukuba wedwa
• uhlala emahlathini, ama-steppes nama-semi-steppes
• Ezimweni eziningi, ukugcinwa kwendlela yokuphila yesihlahla (ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kungokwasemhlabeni futhi i-inclum yasemanzini kuphela eyi-semi-yasemanzini)
• umsebenzi kusihlwa nasebusuku
• ukuba khona kokufana ne-hibernation (kube nesikhathi esifushane sokuvuka ngezinsuku ezinhle) uma isilwane sihlala endaweni esenyakatho

Mayelana nezinketho awunakusho ukuthi bahlakaniphile. Ngokuqonda, izilwane zingaphansi kwenja, amakati, amagundane ajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuphazamisi ukugcinwa kwamathuba amaningi ekhaya. Ubukhulu bezilwane ezincane, ukukhononda kwabo, ukudlala kuyakhangwa.

Ifilimu elithi “Ice Age” laba negalelo ekuthandweni kwezilwane. I-phenum kwakungeyona nje eyodwa yeqhawe lakhe, kodwa wayeyintandokazi yomphakathi.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Umndeni we-opossum yisigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala ezwekazini laseMelika (iNingizimu neNyakatho Melika). Lesi ngesinye sezakhamuzi ezindala kakhulu zoMhlaba, ezisindile kuze kube namuhla kusukela esikhathini seCretaceous. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi njengoba lezo zilwane ezikude kakhulu ngokubukeka kwazo zingashintshanga, empeleni, zigcinwe ngendlela yazo yoqobo.

Kepha i-America, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ekuqaleni ama-phenas ahlala izwekazi laseNingizimu Melika kuphela. Kamuva, lapho kuqala ibhuloho phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili aseMelika, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezivela eNyakatho Melika zaqala ukuthuthela eNingizimu, okwaholela ekufeni okukhulu kwezithandani zaseNingizimu Melika. Kuyiqiniso, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-phenas ezisindile, kepha izindaba ezinhle ukuthi okungenani abanye basinda kuze kube sezikhathini zethu futhi bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Isilwane i-Opossum

Sithole ukuthi emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezingenzeka, ngakho-ke, sibheka izimpawu zangaphandle zesici kanye nezici zalesi silwane sisebenzisa isibonelo se-phenum evamile. Ubukhulu balesi silwane mncane, ngobude bufika ku-60 cm, izinsikazi zincane amasentimitha ayi-10. Ngokuvamile, i-opossum ifana ngosayizi kwikati elijwayelekile lakudala. Isihlakala sakhe sikhombe futhi siyaphakama.

Umsila wesilwane unqunu ngamandla, awumbozwe izinwele, ezansi wona mkhulu kakhulu. Ngalo, i-inclum ilenga emagatsheni lapho ilala noma ihamba emqheleni wezihlahla. Ijazi le-phenum alilide, kepha ligcwele phama futhi linobukhulu.

Umbala wezilwane uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zawo nendawo yazo yokuhlala, ngakho-ke amathuba angaba khona:

• Okumpunga okumnyama
• Okumpunga okumpunga
• UBrown
• Okumpunga okukhanyayo
• Mnyama
• I-Beige.

Uma sikhuluma nge-phenum evamile, khona-ke uboya bayo bumpunga obunemisipha emhlophe, nenhloko yayo ilula, lapho umnyama, onjengebuhlalu, amehlo nezindlebe eziyindilinga uphakama. Amawashi wesilwane angamaphayi amahlanu, umunwe ngamunye unogqoko olubukhali. Imihlathi yesilwane ikhombisa ukuqala kwayo. I-phenum inamazinyo angama-50, ama-4 wayo angama-fangs, ukwakheka kwawo nendawo akuyo kufana nokwakheka kwamazinyo ezincelisayo zasendulo.

Isici esibonakalayo sesilwane ukuba khona kwesikhwama lapho sithwala khona amawundlu, ngoba azalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi kuwo akhula abe namandla. Isikhwama yisibaya sesikhumba esivuleka sibheke emsileni. Ngokuthabisako, ezinye izinhlobo zamakheli ziphucwe isikhwama, i.e. azinakubukeka, futhi amawundlu abambelela ebeleni likanina aze azimele.

Ihlala kuphi i-phenum?

Photo: Big Opossum

Namuhla, ama-Optum agcinile ukuhlala kwawo unomphela ezweni leNew World, yize ayevame ukwanda kulo lonke elaseYurophu, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuvubukulwa kwe-paleontological. I-Opossums ixazululwe ezindaweni zombili zaseMelika (Enyakatho Ningizimu). Muva nje, ososayensi bezokwelapha baye babona ukuthi indawo abahlala kuyo iqhubekela phambili enyakatho, ifinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu mpumalanga yeCanada nase-Lesser Antilles.

Ama-possums athandana namahlathi, ama-steppes, i-semi-desert terrain. Bahlala, emathafeni nasezifundeni ezintabeni, ngaphandle kokuya ngaphezulu kuka-4 km. Ngoba kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto ezinokwenzeka, zinikeza indawo kuzo izindawo ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukusondela emanzini, zihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, zihlela umhodi emigodini yezihlahla. Noma kunjalo, iningi lamalungu omndeni we-phenum ahlala ezihlahleni noma emhlabathini.

Okuphawulayo okuthokozisayo ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, yize iningi lama-opossums zithanda ukugwema umuntu, zidlule kuye.

Ngabe kudlani i-phenum?

Isithombe: Possum ehlekisayo

Singasho ukuthi i-phenum i-omnivorous. Idla ekudleni kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ngokuvamile, izintandokazi zakhe zokunambitheka zincike kakhulu kuhlobo nendawo ahlala kuyo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ama-Optam adla kakhulu, kubonakala sengathi awanakho ukwanela, kepha lokhu akunjalo. Izilwane zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zidla ngokubhuka, zizithela ngamafutha uma kwenzeka kulamba, kufike izikhathi ezinzima. Kulezi zilwane zasendle, i-cannibalism yenzeka kaningi.

Imenyu evamile iqukethe:

• Zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo
• Izithelo
• Amakhowe
• Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene,
• Izikhala ezincane
• Amacici amancane
• Izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-shrimp (eduzane namanzi a-phenum),
• Izinyoni ezincane
• Amaqanda ezinyoni
• Amaglasi
• I-Foliage
• Izindlebe zommbila
• Izinhlobonhlobo zokusanhlamvu.

Uma ulethe isilwane esingajwayelekile njenge-phenum, ungasondla ngemifino ehlukahlukene, izithelo, inkukhu namaqanda. I-Opossum nayo inganikwa ukudla kwekati okujwayelekile, kepha hhayi njalo futhi hhayi kaningi. Futhi isifiso sakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi sihle kakhulu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Ngokwemvelo yazo, ama-opossums awashadile futhi athola umbhangqwana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ancamela ukuziphilela yedwa, ahlukile. Lezi zilwane ziphila ngendlela yesikhathi esizayo, ziba namandla lapho kuba mnyama. Emini, izilwane zilala emiseleni yazo noma emqheleni wezihlahla, zilenga egatsheni ngosizo lwazo lomsila oqinile olufana namatende. Ukulala ngokuzwakalayo futhi okumnandi kuyinto eyintandokazi yama-Optum, abangayenza ngokuqhubekayo amahora angama-19 ngosuku.

Ngokuvamile, izilwane zinamahloni kakhulu futhi ziqaphile ngobuntu, zigwema ukuhlangana nomuntu, futhi ukubamba i-phenum akuwona umsebenzi olula. Kuyo yonke enye into, bangama-tikhoni angempela, enza umsindo cishe. Isilwane sikhalela kakhulu, kuphela lapho sizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, amathuba awanaso isizathu sengxoxo efudumele nezingxoxo ezimnandi. Intukuthelo yezilwane ithule impela, futhi imvamisa yokuziphatha okunolaka ayizange ibonwe ngemuva kwabo.

I-Opossums yizinkuni ezinekhono kakhulu, ezilungele usuku lonke ukulengiswa emagatsheni ezihlahla, zivame ukulala zibheke phezulu, zinamathele egatsheni ngomsila wazo. Futhi, ngosizo lomsila ofanayo kanye nemilenze eyisihlakala eziyishumi, ahamba ngokungenantambo umqhele oluhlaza. Vele, kunezinhlobo eziphilayo ezihlala kuphela emhlabeni, kepha kunamathuba amaningi kakhulu aholela ekuthini abe nesihlahla. Ngokwemvelo, amandla okubhukuda kuyithalente le-inclum yamanzi, ayisebenzisa kahle, ethola ukudla kwakhe emanzini.

Enye yezinto ezivelela empilweni yama-phenam yindlela yabo yokuphila ngokungajwayelekile. Bahlala besuka ezindaweni ngezindawo, bengenayo indawo yabo ehlukile, njengezinye izilwane eziningi. Izilwane ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ziyacasha lapho kubanda kakhulu. Phakathi nayo, ngezinsuku ezifudumele kakhulu nezishisa kakhulu, i-inclum iyavuka ukuze ivuseleleke, ihlale iphapheme isikhashana.

Kulabo abaye bathola isilwane esingajwayelekile njenge-phenum, kunombono wokuthi lezi zilwane azinabo ubuhlakani obukhulu, kepha ziyadlala kakhulu futhi ziyahlalisa, nakanjani ngeke ukhungatheke nazo!

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Possum Cub

I-Opossum ifisa kuphela isikhathi esifushane sokukhwelana. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, iNorth American phenum ithola inzalo cishe kathathu ngonyaka, futhi lezo zinhlobo ezikhetha insimu yezindawo ezishisayo zizalela unyaka wonke. Izilwane ezingahlali ezihlahleni zenza into efana nezidleke zezinyoni, kanti nezilwane zasemhlabeni zizalela inzalo emiseleni yomuntu esetshiyelwe emgodini, emigodini evikelekile naphakathi kwezimpande ezinkulu zezihlahla.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-Optum agcwele kakhulu. Imfucumfucu ingaba nezinsana ezifika ku-25, kepha lokhu kuyaqabukela. Imvamisa kuzalwa amawundlu angama-8 kuye kwangama-15. Yize kwenzeka ukuthi inani elikhulu lamawundlu azalwa khona lapho, kuphela amahlakaniphi futhi anamandla kakhulu asinda, ngoba umama unezingono eziyi-12 noma ezili-13 kuphela. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sowesifazane asiside kakhulu futhi siyizinsuku ezingama-25, ezinhlotsheni ezincane ngokuvamile cishe zingu-15. Izingane zibonakala zincanyana kakhulu futhi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zifana nemibungu, isisindo sazo singama-2 - 5 amagremu kuphela.

Ngethuba le-marsupial, izinsana zivuthwa esikhwameni lapho kukhona khona izingono ukuthola izingane ngobisi. Ezilwaneni ezibunjiwe, izinsana zilenga ngqo emabeleni kanina, zinamathela ezingonweni zazo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, izingane ziba njengezilwane ezindala, zimbozwe izinwele, zithole ukuqonda futhi zikhulu. Kuyajabulisa ukuthi umama isikhathi eside uphatha izingane zakhe ngobisi lwebele, le nkathi ihlala izinyanga ezintathu.

Impilo inzima kumama-phenum, kungashiwo, ngokweqiniso nangokomfanekiso, ngoba izingane ezikhulile zinomndeni wazo wonke omkhulu ziyigibela, inamathela kuboya emhlane wabo. Uma unikezwe ukuthi umama mkhulu, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi umthwalo wakhe usinda kangakanani nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu zokuncelisa, izingane ziqala ukudla, njengoba kwenza abantu abadala. Futhi bobabili abantu besifazane nabesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni ezingama-6-8 ubudala. Amakhefu ahlala endaweni yemvelo iminyaka engaba mihlanu, ekuthunjweni, amasampula ngamanye asinda ayisithupha.

Izitha zemvelo zama-Optum

Photo: Animal Possum

Amakhefu anezitha eziningi endle, ngoba uyisilwane esincane futhi esisesabekayo, izinyamazane ezikhudlwana ezinkudlwana azinakuphikisana nokudla kuzo. Phakathi kwezitha ze-phenum zingabizwa ngokuthi ama-lynxes, izimpungushe, izikhova nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane, ama-coyotes. Kwezilwane ezincane, zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka nazo ziyingozi. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, izilwane eziningi zithwala isifo esinjengamarabi, esiphatha ngaso imvamisa i-Virtual opossum.

Kuyasiza ukukhuluma ngokwahlukana ngendlela eyingqayizivele yokuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni okulimazayo okusetshenziswa yi-opossums, ukuhlela ukusebenza kwaseshashalazini konke. Lapho usongo selusondele, i-phenum yenza sengathi ifile ngobuchule kangangokuba umhlaseli akakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi kumane kwenziwa sengathi. I-phenum iwa, amehlo akhe abe yingilazi, amagwebu abonakale emlonyeni wakhe, futhi izindlala ezikhethekile zezinongo zikhipha iphunga elithandekayo. Lesi sithombe sisabisa abantu abahlaselayo abathi, lapho behlwithekile emthweni, badanile, bashiye. Lapho isitha sesingasekho, lesi silwane siyaphila futhi siqale ukubaleka, yize imizuzu embalwa wayesafa. Ubuqili obukhohlisayo obunjalo bezinsimbi ezivame ukusebenza kubo, busindisa izilwane eziningi ekufeni.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Amakhefu asabalele kuzo zonke izindawo zaseMelika zombili, isimo sazo njengamanje asisesengozini, futhi azilona uhla lwezilwane ezivikelwe. Ngokuqondene nesici somuntu, kusobala, kunethonya elikhulu emsebenzini wokuphila wezinketho. Uboya besilwane busetshenziswa lapho kuthungathwa izingubo ezahlukahlukene, inezindawo ezinhle zokufudumala, ngakho-ke ngisho nemikhiqizo edume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke yenza izingubo ezivela ku-opossum fur.

Umuntu uhlala ezindaweni eziningi lapho izilwane zazihlala khona, ngakho-ke kufanele zihambisane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kokunye kokunye, kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika, kudliwa ama-phenam. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu baqothula izilwane, bezicabanga njengezinambuzane zamasimu nezingadi, yize zingadaleki omkhulu umhlaba. Izilwane eziningi eziningi ziyafa emigwaqweni ematasa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto.

Ngokusobala, ngenxa yokuthi ama-opossums atholakala kakhulu, agugile, aqine futhi athela, zonke izinsongo ezifakwe kuhlu ezihlotshaniswa nomuntu azithinti usayizi wabantu, inani labo lihlala lizinzile. Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzoqhubeka ngokuzayo.

Ekuphetheni, ngingathanda ukungeza ukuthi i-phenum iyamangaza ngempela ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Okokuqala, wayephila kulezo zikhathi zasendulo lapho kwakuhlala khona ama-dinosaurs. Izinhlobo eziningi zafa, futhi wanqoba bonke ubunzima futhi wacishe wangashintsha ngaphandle. Okwesibili, lokhu kungukuphela kokumelela kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala ngaphandle kwelizwe lase-Australia. Okwesithathu, ungumlingisi ongenakuqhathaniswa, ulingisa ngobuhlakani bakhe ngokwakhe ukuze azivikele. Nokho, muhle, muhle kakhulu futhi uyahlekisa! Umuntu ubheka kuphela isithombe sikamama okhathalelayo-othwele, ethwele emahlombe abo wonke umndeni wakhe onobuhlalu, ukumamatheka kuvela ngokushesha futhi imizwa yakhe ikhuphuka!

Indaba

Ngo-1553 encwadini "Umlando wasePeru»UCies de Leon unikeza okokuqala kanye nencazelo ye-phenum:

“Njengoba ama-gorges engenakufinyeleleka kakhulu, kunezilwane eziningi kuwo, namabhubesi amakhulu, kanye nezilwane ezibukeka njengempungushe encane, enomsila omude namazinyane amafushane, anemibala emnyama, nekhanda lifana neempungushe. Ngake ngabona enye yazo, futhi kwakukhona amawundlu ayisikhombisa eduze kwakhe, futhi njengoba ezwa umsindo, ngavula isikhwama, imvelo ebekwe esiswini sakhe, futhi walanda amawundlu ngokushesha okukhulu, abaleka ngamandla amakhulu, ngakho ngasaba ukuba khona kwayo - kuncane kakhulu, ukubaleka nomthwalo onjalo - futhi namanje kubaleke. Lesi silwane siyabizwa inqwaba [Chucha]. "

Indawo

I-Opossums ijwayelekile ukusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada (Ontario) ngezigodi ezisempumalanga ye-USA kuya ku-52 ° S. w. e-argentina. Ziphinde zitholakale kuma-Antilles amancane.

I-Opossums - izakhamizi zasehlathini, izitebhisi kanye nogwadule, zitholakala emathafeni nasezintabeni kufinyelela kumamitha angama-4000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Iningi lihola indlela yokuphila yomhlaba noma yesihlahla, i-inclum yasemanzini - semi-yasemanzini. Iyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku. Omnivorous noma unstivorous. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhula kwemvelo iphila impilo eyedwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12-13, kwilitha elingama-18-25 cubs. Isikhathi sokuhlanza sithatha izinsuku ezingama-70-100. Amanye amathuba athatha amawundlu esikhwameni esivula ngembobo emuva, kodwa iningi alenzi. Amawundlu avuthiwe ahamba nonina, ebambelela eboyeni emhlane wakhe. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-6-8 zeminyaka, isikhathi sokuphila esibalelwa eminyakeni engama-5-8. Ngokuvamile, amakhefu adlala indima efanayo ku-New World njengabameleli bokufika kokuvikeleka kwamanye amazwekazi.

Izici zokuziphatha

I-phenum elimele noma eyethukile kakhulu iwa, sengathi ifile. Ngasikhathi sinye, iso lakhe liba yingilazi, amagwebu ageleza aphuma emlonyeni wakhe, nezinduna ze-anal zikhipha imfihlo enephunga elibi. Lokhu kufa ngomcabango kuvame ukusindisa impilo ye-inclum - umzingeli, esehlwithe umzimba onganyakazi, uvame ukushiya. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-phenum "iyaphila" futhi ibaleke.

Umsoco we-Opossum

I-Opossums iyamangaza futhi imnandi. Kumenyu yansuku zonke yama-marsupials ifakwe kuhlu:

• amajikijolo
• amakhowe
• izinambuzane
• amahlamvu
• utshani
• ummbila
• amagilebhisi asendle
• amaqanda wezinyoni, igundane nezigwaca

Imininingwane yemenyu incike endaweni yesilwane. I-phenum yase-Australia, noma kunalokho i-Possum, idla kuphela izithelo, amakhambi nezibungu. ENingizimu Melika, amanye amakhambi ayakhula, ezinye izithelo ziyaculwa, kanti izinambuzane ezingafani nalutho zihlala. Enyakatho yezwekazi, imenyu nayo ikhethekile.

I-morphology yama-phenams

Lokhu kufakazelwa yi-morphology yabo, okokuqala, ukwakheka kwesikhwama nemilenze, futhi okwesibili, ukutholakala kwamazinyo ngokuya ngefomula ye-archaic: izihloko ezinhlanu ngenhla, ezine phansi, amahlombe namazinyo e-molar akhule kahle. Sekukonke, anamazinyo angama-50 emilonyeni yawo.

Ngokuqinisekile i-Opossum inomusa, kepha amazinyo ayethusa

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

I-Marsupial inclum eNyakatho Melika ibeletha kathathu ngonyaka. Izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zizalela unyaka nonyaka. Izinketho ze-Woody zithanda ukwenza uhlobo lwesidleke, noma ukuzinza emigodini. Amafomu aphansi axazululwa:

• emigodini
• izigaxa ezilahliwe
• phakathi kwezimpande

Ukuzala kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-Optam nakho kuhlukile. Ama-broods amakhulu kunawo wonke angama-virginsky. Kukhona amazinyane angama-30 kwilitha. Isigamu kufanele sife, ngoba lesi silwane sinezingono ezingama-13 kuphela. Labo abakwaziyo ukunamathela ezinjeni bayasinda.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-Optum abaletha ama-10-18 amawundlu ngalinye. Lapho ekhula, athuthela emuva kumama. Amakhefu aya lapho izinyanga ezimbalwa, kuphela lapho ehlela emhlabeni futhi aqale impilo yokuzimela. Ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-9.

Amakheji nakho konke lokho kwe-phenum

Njengezilwane ezifuywayo zomndeni, kufanelekile ukubheka inketho exotic enjengamakhefu ekhaya. Lezi zilwane ziziphatha ngokwehlisa umoya, ngayinye yazo inomlingiswa wayo.
Akunjalo, uma ungasijezisi isilwane esinecala ngokomzimba, kulokhu uzogcina ethukuthele futhi asilume, futhi kufanele ungazivaleli esitokisini isikhathi eside, futhi sithukuthele ekuboshweni.
Njengoba zingamaxoxo anobuthi amangalisayo, umsila onenkani nezimpelesi ziyabasiza kulokhu, kungcono kakhulu ukuzithenga noma ukuzenzela ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuqeqesha.

Ukudla kwe-Opossum ekhaya

I-Sugar phenum, njengokubukeka okwenziwe ekhaya, yithandwa kakhulu ngokudla. Kokudla okhethwe ngokungafanele, impilo yakhe ingancishiswa kakhulu.
Okokuqala, awukwazi ukubondla njalo ngokudla okuqediwe, futhi okwesibili, udinga ukubondla njalo amantongomane neminye imikhiqizo yemvelo, ngoba i-emnivorous.
Kwesinye isikhathi ungapha izingcezu ezincane zenyama, imifino nezithelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, bathanda kakhulu izimpukane, izibungu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidumile phakathi kwabadobi, izimpethu - izibungu zezimpukane. I-Opossum iyisidalwa esimnandi, kodwa esinesimo sasendle.
I-Sugar noma i-phenum iyizilwane ezijwayelekile kakhulu zasekhaya.

Isilinganiso se-phenum yenhlanzeko namanzi

Amathuba okuvela ku-Ice Age ayethanda ukubhukuda, leli qiniso lihlobene nempilo yangempela, ngoba ihlanzekile, ngakho-ke inkomo yesilwane kumele ihlanzwe njalo, okungenani kanye ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuhlale kunamanzi anele esitokisini, ngoba ama-opossums adliwa kaningi kakhulu futhi okuningi, futhi ukuntuleka komswakama kungaholela ezifweni.