Ama-Skunks (lat. Merhitidae) - izilwane ezingamalungu omndeni wakwaMammals kanye ne-oda elivamile kakhulu labazingeli. Kuze kube muva nje, ama-skunks ayevame ukuthathwa njengomndeni wakwaKutya kanye ne-Merhitinae subfamily, kodwa ngenxa yezifundo zamamoleky, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokwabiwa kwawo emndenini ohlukile, okuthi, ngokwemibiko ethile, kusondelene nomndeni wakwaPandov, hhayi uRaccoon.
Ukubukeka
Onke ama-skunks ahlukaniswa ngombala oqukethe imichilo noma amabala amhlophe kusendlalelo esimnyama esimnyama. Isibonelo, izimbotshana ezinemizila zinemisho emhlophe ebanzi emhlane wazo osuka ekhanda uya esiqongweni somsila. Iphethini elikhanyayo nelibonakalayo kangako lisebenza njengesixwayiso esibizwa ngokuthi, futhi liyakwazi ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka kwabazingeli.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abamele abancane kakhulu bomndeni bangama-skunks abonakalayo (Spilogale), omzimba wakhe uhluka phakathi kuka-0,5-1.0 kg. Okukhulu kunabo bonke - iPig Skunk (Conneratus) inesisindo esingu-4.0-4,5 kg.
Enye yezinto ezihlukanisayo nge-skunk ubukhona bezindlala ezinephunga elimnandi, ezifaka into ebonakalayo enephunga eliphikelelayo nelingathandeki. Izilwane ezincelisayo zaseSkunk zingafafaza umchachazo wezemibhalo oshisayo ongafika kumamitha ayisithupha. Onke ama-skunks ahlukaniswa ngumzimba onamandla kakhulu, onamasheya, umsila omfushane kanye nezinyawo ezifushane nezinzipho ezinamandla nezakhiwe kahle ezivumelaniswa kahle nezimbobo zokumba.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
AmaSkunks ajwayelekile ezindaweni ezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba, kubandakanya amathafa otshani nezindawo ezinamahlathi, kanye nezindawo eziningi zezintaba. Izilwane ezincelisayo zizama ukugwema indawo eminyene enamahlathi noma enamashi. AmaSkunk ayizilwane ezihamba ebusuku futhi ezisesigabeni sabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Imvamisa, isilwane ngokuzimela simba umgodi ngamunye, kepha uma kunesidingo, sihlala emiseleni eseqedile eyenziwe ezinye izilwane. Amanye amalungu omndeni ayazi ukugibela izihlahla kahle.
Izilwane ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zobubanzi ukuqala kwenkathi yasekwindla ziqala ukuqongelela ukugcinwa kwamafutha. Ebusika, ama-skunk amaningi awazifihli, kodwa abe engasebenzi futhi angashiyi amakhaya awo eyofuna ukudla. Izilwane ziqala ebusika emgodini ongashisi, zihlangana ngamaqembu ahlanganisa owesilisa nowesifazane abaningana ngasikhathi sinye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Skunsovs abonakala ngokuhogela okuhle nokuzwa okuthuthukile, kepha isilwane esinjalo sinokukhanya okungaboni kahle, ngakho-ke izilwane ezincelisayo azihlukanisi izinto ezingamamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu.
Ngenkathi efudumele, izilwane ezincelisayo zikhetha isizungu, azinayo indawo futhi azisho uphawu lwemingcele yeziza zayo. Isakhiwo esivamile sokudoba, njengomthetho, sithatha i-2-4 km² kowesifazane osemdala, futhi akukho ngaphezulu kwama-20 km² kwabesilisa.
Izincwadi Ezisanda Kufakwa
I-ISBN: | 978-5-389-11204-9 |
Unyaka wokushicilela: | 2019 |
Umshicileli: | I-ABC, iABC Atticus |
Uchungechunge: | Worlds of Maria Semenova |
Ulimi: | IsiRussia |
Izinhlangano zomthetho kanye nezwe lobugebengu laseSt. Petersburg ziyaphazamiseka ngokulinganayo ngezindaba ezethusayo: Kufika uSkuns evela phesheya engaqondakali. Akekho owambona, akekho owaziyo igama lakhe. Konke okwaziwayo ukuthi awenzi amaphutha futhi akashiyi mkhondo. Futhi i-ejensi ye-Aegis Plus - insizakalo eyimfihlo yokuqothula ngokungahambisani nomthethosisekelo weziphathimandla zezigebengu ezinzima kakhulu - kufanele ibhekane nalesi sitha!
Izinhlangano zomthetho kanye nezwe lobugebengu laseSt. Petersburg ziyaphazamiseka ngokulinganayo ngezindaba ezethusayo: Kufika uSkuns evela phesheya engaqondakali. Akukho…
I-ISBN: | 978-5-389-15779-8 |
Unyaka wokushicilela: | 2019 |
Umshicileli: | I-ABC |
Uchungechunge: | Worlds of Maria Semenova |
Ulimi: | IsiRussia |
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwababulali amaSkunks kanye nensizakalo eyimfihlo i-Aegis Plus nomphathi wakhe uPlescheev bayaqhubeka ukuthuthuka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Aegidists anomyalo oqinile: ukulandelela iSkunk futhi ukubhubhise ngokomzimba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazizwa banda ngozwela ngalo muntu.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwababulali amaSkunks kanye nensizakalo eyimfihlo i-Aegis Plus nomphathi wakhe uPlescheev bayaqhubeka ukuthuthuka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Aegidists ane-oda eliqinile: ukulandelela i-Skunk ne ...
I-ISBN: | 978-5-91181-846-3 |
Unyaka wokushicilela: | 2008 |
Umshicileli: | Izinhlamvu zakudala |
Uchungechunge: | Inkampani yezokuphepha "Aegis" |
Ulimi: | IsiRussia |
Ngale noveli, uMaria Semenova, ongomunye wababhali abavelele baseRussia, umdali wezincwadi ezithengiswa kakhulu njengoWolfhound, Valkyrie, Kudeyar kanye ne-Sword of the Dead, uyaqhubeka nomjikelezo wezincwadi ezikhuluma ngoSkuns nombulali obizwa ngokuthi yi-Skuns kanye nabasebenzi besikhungo se-Aegis Plus - inkonzo eyimfihlo yokuqothulwa okungavunyelwe komthetho kweziphathimandla zezigebengu ezihlukumezeka kakhulu ("Okufanayo kanye namaSkunks", "Okufanayo neSkunks-2").
Edolobheni eliseningizimu yeSaisk, kwebiwe ihhashi lemiklomelo emangalisayo, ngaphandle kokuba ngumthwali wezakhi zofuzo ezihlukile. Amasu wabathumbi asephulwe ngokungenelela komjikijela owabona ngehhashi ngephutha. Iziphathimandla ezisemthethweni azikwazi ukubhekana naleli cala, futhi izisebenzi ze-Aegis Plus agency ziyalisebenzisa. Phakathi kwalabo abanentshisekelo yokubuya kwehhashi, kukhona nesisulu sasemhlabeni esibizwa ngeSkuns.
Ngale noveli, uMaria Semenova, omunye wababhali abavelele baseRussia, umdali wezincwadi ezithengiswa kakhulu njengeWolfhound, Valkyrie, Kudeyar neSword of the Dead, uyaqhubeka nomjikelezo wezincwadi ...
Mangaki ama-skunks ahlala
Impilo yonke ye-skunk iqhubeka ngendlela ezolile kakhulu, ngisho nendlela ethile yokuvilapha, kanye nesilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile sokuphila kwesilwane ezincelile kangako siyehluka ngokungenakubalwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo. Njengoba ukubonwa kubonisa, endle lesi silwane singaphila iminyaka engaba mibili noma emithathu, futhi ekuthunjweni singaphila iminyaka eyishumi.
Izinhlobo zama-Skunks
Ochwepheshe njengamanje bahlukanisa kuphela i-genera eyinhloko ezine nezinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zama-skunks.
Uhlobo lwePig Skunks lumelwe ngu:
- I-South American Skunk (Concetus chinga),
- UHumboldt Skunk (Conneus humboldtii),
- I-Eastern Mexicoan noma i-White-Skunk (i-Coneratus leuconotus),
- Half-Striped Skunk (Conneratus semistriatus).
Kwethulwa iGenus Striped Skunks:
- I-skunk yaseMexico (Merhitis macroura),
- I-Striped Skunk (Merhitis merchitis).
Uhlobo lweSmelly Badger, esikhathini esidlule esingelomndeni wakwaKunya futhi oluthathwa ngokuthi yi-skunk, lumelwe:
- I-Sunda smelly badger (Mydaus javanensis),
- I-Palawan smelly badger (Mydaus marshei).
Uhlobo lweSkunks Spotted lumelwe ngu:
- I-skunk eseningizimu (iSrilogale angustifrons),
- I-Skunk Encane (i-Srilogale gracilis),
- I-Spotot Skunk (Srilogale Putoriu),
- I-dwarf skunk (Srilogale Rygmaea).
I-striped skunk isilwane esinesisindo ebangeni lika-1,2-5.3 kg. Le nhlobo iyilungu elisabalele kakhulu lomndeni. Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo zezilwane imelelwa yindawo yaseNyakatho Melika isuka eCanada iye eMexico, lapho ithanda khona izindawo ezihlala amahlathi kuphela.
I-skunk yaseMexico - isilwane salolu hlobo siyisihlobo esisondele kakhulu skunk enemigqa futhi sifana naso sangaphandle. Umehluko omkhulu umelelwa yingubo ende futhi ethambile. Endaweni yekhanda, lesi silwane sinezinwele ezinde, sibonga ukuthi izinhlobo zazo zibizwa ngegama elithi "Hood Skunk". Indawo le imelelwa yindawo yaseMexico kanye nezinye izifundazwe eziseningizimu ye-USA, kufaka phakathi i-Arizona neTexas.
I-skunk ese-Spotted empumalanga ingummeleli osayizi omncane kakhulu womndeni wakwaSkunk. Umehluko obonakalayo walezinhlobo umbala wazo. Ijazi linemivimbo emhlophe eklebhulayo, okudala ukukhohlisa kokubala okubonakalayo. Indawo le imelelwa yindawo ye Melika. I-skunk yaseNingizimu Melika - ukubukeka nayo yonke imikhuba ifana kakhulu ne-skunk enemigqa. Indawo le imelelwa ngamazwe amanengi eSouth America, kufaka phakathi iBolivia nePeru, iParaguay neArgentina, kanye neChile.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Abameleli abaningi bomndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo kanye nokuhleleka kwezilwane ezizingela cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zeNew World zihlala. Izilwane ezivela kuhlobo lwe-Striped skunks zisakaze ukusuka eningizimu yeCanada ziye eCosta Rica, kanti uhlobo lwe-pig-skunk luhlala ezindaweni ezisuka eningizimu Melika ziye e-Argentina.
Abamele lolu hlobo lwe-skunks Spotted lungatholakala emazweni aseningizimu impela yeBritish Columbia kanye nensimu yePennsylvania kuze kufike eCosta Rica. Amabhulukwe anuka kabi ahlukaniswa njenge-skunk ayizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlala ngaphandle kwendawo yaseMelika, futhi atholakala njalo ezindaweni eziqhingi zase-Indonesia.
Ukudla kweSkunk
Ama-Skunks ayizilwane ezihlasimulisayo zangempela ezidla ukudla kwezilwane nemifino.. Izilwane ezincelisayo zidla abamele abancane be-fauna, kanti inyamazane yazo ingaba ngamagundane, izindlawu, ama-squirrels, onogwaja abancane nabagugile, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kanye nama-crustaceans, kanye notshani, izibungu zezinambuzane nezibungu. Ngenjabulo, izilwane ezinjalo zidla izitshalo zemifino nokusanhlamvu, izitshalo eziningi ezine-herbaceous, izithelo namahlamvu, namantongomane ahlukahlukene. Uma kunesidingo, i-carrion nayo iyasetshenziswa ekudleni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Skunks agcinwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezijwayelekile kakhulu angaba nesisindo cishe amahlandla ambalwa abalingani bazo basendle, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokudla okunokuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi.
Ngenqubo yokuzingela ebusuku, ama-skunks asebenzisa umuzwa wawo wokuhogela nokuzwa, futhi lapho esethole inyamazane ngesimo sezinambuzane noma izibankwa, aqala ukugubha umhlaba ngenkuthalo bese ephendulela amahlamvu noma amatshe ngamakhala nangamalebe. Amagundane amancane abamba amazinyo awo ngenkathi eqa. Ukususa isikhumba noma iminyana ebanjeni, isilwane siyisongela phansi. Izilwane ezincelisayo zithanda uju ngokukhethekile, okudliwayo kanye nezinyosi nezinyosi.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-skunks ama-Omnivorous adla inani elikhulu lezimila zokhula nezilwane eziyingozi, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane namagundane. Ngasikhathi sinye, wonke ama-skunk awawona esigabeni sezinto ezibalulekile zokudla zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ngenxa yobukhona bephunga elibukhali nelinyanyekayo elikhiqizwa yizindlala ezikhethekile.
Ama-Skunks awagcini ngokubamba nje kuphela, kodwa futhi aphethe ezinye zezinambuzane eziyingozi namagciwane, kufaka phakathi isifo esifana ne-histoplasmosis. Futhi, izilwane zasendle zivame ukuhlushwa amarabi. Kodwa-ke, izitha eziphambili zama-skunks abantu ababhubhisa izilwane ezincelisayo ngenxa yephunga labo elingajabulisi nezehlakalo zakamuva zokuhlaselwa kwezinkukhu ezincane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye izilwane ezisencane ezidla inyama, kufaka phakathi ama-coyotes, izimpungushe, izingwe, ama-lynxes aseCanada kanye namabheji, kanye nezinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ziyakwazi ukuhlasela abancane kakhulu futhi hhayi abakhule ngokugcwele.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-skunks weminyaka ehlukene bafa ngenxa yezingozi zomgwaqo noma lapho bedla izithiyo ezikhethekile ezinobuthi.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Isikhathi sokubandakanywa okusebenzayo kwama-skunks siwela ekwindla, cishe ngoSepthemba. Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda emadodeni kuyaphela. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokugcwele ngonyaka owodwa emva kokuzalwa, kanti ama-estrus esilwaneni esinjalo avela kuphela ngoSepthemba. Ama-Skunks angawezilwane zesithembu, ngakho-ke abesilisa bayakwazi ukuhlangana nabesifazane abaningi ngasikhathi sinye, kepha abahlanganyeli ekunakekeleni inzalo.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-28-31. Izilwane ezincelisayo zinesici - uma kunesidingo, insikazi ibambezeleka ukufakwa kombungu ezindongeni, okuyisiphazamiso esikhethekile sombungu. Kulokhu, isikhathi sokukhulelwa singanwetshwa size sifinyelele ezinyangeni ezimbili, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe amawundlu amathathu kuya kwayishumi anesisindo esingu-22.0-22.5 g.Amazinyane azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi eyisithulu, embozwe ngesikhumba esifana nokuvela kwe-velor ethambile.
Ngemuva cishe kwamasonto ambalwa, amawundlu avula amehlo, futhi lapho eseneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga, amathole asekhulile ayakwazi ukuthatha isici sokuzivikela. Isilwane sithola amandla okudubula uketshezi olunephunga inyanga eyodwa nohhafu ngemuva kokuzalwa. Izinsikazi zondla amawundlu azo isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili, bese ama-skunks amancane eshintshela kokudla okuzimele ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Umndeni uchitha isikhathi sokuqala sobusika ndawonye, bese ama-skunks asekhulile aqala ukufuna ngenkuthalo indawo yendawo yokuzimela.