Sonya Polchok ifana kakhulu ne-squirrel. Ihlala ezihlahleni ezingxenyeni eziningi zeRussia futhi idla izithelo, amantongomane nokusanhlamvu. Lezi zilwane zingagcinwa ekhaya ngokuthenga esitolo sezilwane. Ama-reg-regiments ahlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi alala kakhulu phakathi nosuku futhi asebenza kakhulu ebusuku - ngenxa yale ndlela yokuphila, la magundane athole igama lawo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Sonya-polchok isilwane esingelomndeni we-sony. Lezi ngamagundane amancane abukeka afana kakhulu namagundane. Ubude bomzimba, ngokuya ngezinhlobo, buhlukahluka kusuka ku-8 cm kuya ku-20 cm. Kuhlukile kumagundane ngoba umsila empeleni umfushane kunomzimba - lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokuphila yokulala, lapho ivama ukukhuphuka ngeziqu nezihlahla.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Umsila wezinhlobo ezithile zamakhanda okulala uyindlela yokusindiswa. Uma inyamazane ibabamba ngomsila, isikhumba esingaphezulu singaphuma emsileni bese i-dormouse ibaleke ngokuthula, ishiye isitha saso singenhla kwesikhumba somsila.
AbakwaSony igama labo abalitholanga ngengozi - bahola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, futhi balale emini. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zingamalungu namagundane, ukondliwa kwawo kuhluka kakhulu futhi kuhlukile, kuya ngohlobo lwe-carotid. Izindondo yiqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo. AbakwaSony banezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-28, ezihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zofuzo.
I-Habitat Sony-Polchka
Kunegumbi lokuphumula eningizimu neYurophu naseAsia Minor. E-Russia, lolu hlobo luhlala phakathi nendawo nasezindaweni eziseningizimu. Eziningi kakhulu eCaucasus, Transcaucasia kanye namaCarpathians. Ihlala emahlathini aminyene nge-oak, i-beech, i-Hornbeam, exutshwe nezihlahla zezithelo zasendle kanye nomhlana ogcwele i-hazel, i-hawthorn, i-dogwood. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezivandeni nasezivinini. Igcina ihlanzekile emahlathini anomswakama omkhulu, amasimu amancane nezihlahla, ngaphandle kwe-walnut. Ikhetha amahlathi amakhulu, kuyaqabukela kakhulu emahlathini esiqhingi.
Incazelo yenhlangano yezizwe, isithombe
I-Sonya-polchok ingummeleli omkhulu wezinhloko zokulala, ibukeka njenge-squirrel, kodwa ngaphandle kwethenda ezindlebeni. Ubude bomzimba bude bufika ku-18 cm, umsila ungama-10-15 cm, isilwane sinesisindo esingama-170 g. Inhloko yendawo iyindilinga, isizalo sibukhali, amehlo makhulu futhi aqhakaza, izindlebe zimfushane futhi ziyindilinga. Kukhona izilenge ezibukhali kuma-paws ukuze abasize bakhuphuke izihlahla kangcono.
Uboya be-sony-polka buqukethe i-awn ekhazimulayo, ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-19 kuye ku-23 mm, nobukhulu obukhulu, bungaphansi kophakeme. Ngokuqagela okuhlukahlukene, umbala woboya ufikelwa yizinguquko ezinamandla, ezibuye zibonwe ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, isikhathi sonyaka kanye nezinga lokubonakala kwesilwane. Isithombe senhlangano yakwaSony sibonisa hhayi isikhathi eside, kepha kunobuhle obukhulu.
Imvamisa ithoni ejwayelekile yalo lonke uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba ingwevu yomlotha ngogongolo olumnyama. Ezinhlangothini kuyinto elula kancane, nge tint brownish kancane. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba wangaphezulu ipendiwe ngamathoni ansundu ansundu. Izinwele ezisele ngemuva, ngaphandle kwezinwele ezimnyama ngokuphelele ebondeni, zi-grey grey, kodwa eziningi zazo zinezicu ezi-brown. Ubuningi noma inani elingelutho lalokhu okugcina kushintsha umbala usuka ku-grey ngokulinganayo ube mpunga ngokuqinile okuhlanganayo onsundu. Umbala ompunga wengxenye yonke engenhla yesibumbu nekhanda ngemivimbo emincane nawo wehliselwa ohlangothini olungaphandle lwangaphambi nangemilenze yangemuva. Ngokungafani nombala wangemuva, isisu sesilwane, isifuba, umphimbo, izihlathi kanye nengaphakathi lemikhawulo kungumpunga olula, ocishe waba mhlophe. Ngokukhanya okujwayelekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ithoni emhlophe yohlangothi olungezansi lwesisu, umbala weslayidi-grey wezingxenye ze-basal zezinwele uyashintsha kancane. Umsila omude, ombozwe ngokubomvu ngezinwele ezi-fluffy ohlangothini olungaphezulu, engxenyeni yakhona eyisisekelo, ngombala uvame ukufana nombala wangemuva, kanti okuseleyo kuwo kuhluke ngazwi linye elimnyama, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbala onsundu okhanyayo. Ingxenye engezansi yomsila ilula kakhulu ngomucu olula ngisho nangapha.
Sonya Polchka yokuphila
Isici esibonakalayo se-biology yendawo etholwayo ukungafinyeleli kwesikhathi esisebenzayo - izinyanga ezi-4 kuphela ngonyaka (kwezinye izimo okuthe xaxa), izinyanga ezisishiyagalombili ezisele iqoqelana ibutho lisebenzisa ekuqashweni. Isilwane sizifube ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, futhi sivuka ngoMeyi-Juni, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho noJulayi.
I-Sonya-polchok ngaphezu kwamanye ama-dormouse avumelaniswa nendlela yokuphila ye-arboreal, kuyaqabukela kwehlela emhlabathini. Izilokazana zivame ukuhlela emigodini noma zisebenzisa izidleke zakudala zasesikhathini, kwesinye isikhathi izimiso zihlala ezigxotsheni ezindala ezibolile, ngaphansi kweziqu eziwile noma ezakhiweni phakathi kwamatshe.
Ama-regiments akhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, kepha imvamisa ebusika ngamaqembu, eqoqana endaweni eyodwa - kufudumele.
Sonya Polchok isilwane ebusuku. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo "zobusuku", umsebenzi webutho uqina ngokuqala kobumnyama obugcwele futhi uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho kuqala izimpawu zokuqala kokusa. Njengomthetho, akukho ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi phakathi nobusuku. Ubusuku, i.e. ukuvalelwa komsebenzi kuphela isikhathi sobumnyama ngokuphelele kwenza i-regiment incike kubude bobusuku, ubukhulu bawo buguquguquka ngokunamandla kakhulu enkathini yehlobo-ekwindla. Uma engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni leyo nhlangano ingasebenza cishe amahora ayisithupha nesigamu, khona-ke ngokuzayo umsebenzi wayo uyokhula kancane kancane futhi usuvele maphakathi no-Agasti ungamahora ayi-9, futhi ngesikhathi ingena ekushoneni, isikhathi somsebenzi kungenzeka sande amahora angama-13. Ingabe igumbi lokuphumula lingasebenza ekuseni? Lo mbuzo ungaphendulwa kahle. Izilwane ezincane zivame kakhulu phakathi nosuku ekuqaleni kokuphila kwazo okuzimele. Ishelufu eligcinwa ekhaya livame ukuphuma phakathi nosuku lisuselwa ekhondweni laso nasekuphakeleni kwalo.
Indlela yokuphila yasebusuku yempi yenhlangano, isikhathi esifushane sezikhathi ezisebenzayo nendawo yokuhlala emihlathini ephezulu yehlathi inquma ukuthi ekudleni cishe kwezilwane zonke nezinyoni ezidliwayo, indiza ithatha kude nendawo yokuqala. Noma kunjalo, uSonia unezitha ezanele: ama-martens, isasels, i-ferrets, ama-lynxes, izimpungushe namakati eduze kwezindlu. Izikhova nezikhova zidla imfuyo ezilwaneni.
Ukuzala
Kungekudala ngemuva kokushiya ubusika, iqembu elinobuhle liqala isikhathi sokuzala. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingxenye zehlathi ezihlalwa ngabantu ezingagcwele ndawo zigcwele umsindo nokudonswa kwabesilisa kugijima futhi kuliwa. Isimo esijabulisayo sezixuku saziwa ngoJulayi wonke.
Ubude besikhathi sokutholwa e-Sonya-Polchka bungabhekwa njengelingana nezinsuku ezingama-20-25, ohluka kakhulu kwezinye izinduku zamahlathi amabili - i-chipmunk (izinsuku ezingama-30- 35) kanye ne-squirrel (izinsuku ezingama-35- 40). Kulitha kuvame ukuba nama-cubs ayi-3-5. Isisindo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa sisezingeni eliphakathi kuka-2,5 g, ubude bomzimba - 30 mm. Amakhulu akhula futhi akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngosuku lwesikhombisa lwempilo, anda ngesisindo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezi-4 futhi asevele eqala ukukhula uboya. Ukuqhuma kwamazinyo kusenesikhathi: endaweni yempi, enesonto elilodwa, izisusa ezingezansi sezivele zikhonjisiwe, ngosuku lwama-20 - okokufaka okuphezulu, izindlebe zivulekile futhi amehlo aqala ukuvula. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona indawo engaphansi yoboya nokushesha ngezinwele zomsila. Izinsuku ezingaba ngu-25-30, izingane zidla ubisi lwebele, bese ziqhubeka nokuzondla futhi zihlukile kubantu abadala ngosayizi omncane kuphela, uhlobo lohlobo lwezinwele, kanye nesimo sohlelo lwamazinyo.
Ngabe udlani endlini yegumbi?
Isisekelo sokudla kungukudla kwemifino - izingxenye zemifino yezitshalo, imbewu nezithelo (amantongomane we-beech, ama-acorns, ama-hazelnuts, ama-apula, amapheya, ama-cherries, amagilebhisi, njll.).
Isithelo se-beech isilwane siqala ukusidla singavuthiwe, ngesikhathi sokwakheka kernel, futhi sisebenzisa lokhu kudla size siwe. Idla kuphela imbewu, ishelufu elinamazinyo amabi kakhulu elihlikihla i-bun eceleni kwalo. Ama-acorns nawo afakiwe ekudleni kwesilwane, kepha ngezinga elincane kakhulu kunelenech beech.
Ngesifiso sokudla, uSonya udla ama-apula, ithini lamapheya, kanye nezithelo ze-beech, angazidla zingavuthiwe ngokuphelele. Engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, ama-cherries asevele evuthiwe asebenza njengokudla okuyinhloko kwehlumela. Idla kuphela uginindela wamajikijolo, ishalofu libhubhisa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ama-Hazelnuts adliwa maphakathi nesiqalo kusukela kuvuthwe ngokugcwele ukubola. Ngokuzithandela idla i-dormouse ne-walnut. Izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo lapho ishalofu liqoqa khona izithelo, lesi silwane naso singazinaki. Kokudla kwezilwane, ishalofu kwesinye isikhathi lidla ama-slugs, amacimbi, amabhungane kanye neminyuzi. Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-Sonya regiments akavamile ukuhlala iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, ekhaya amashiya awo amade.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani indlu yegumbi?
I-Sonya Polchok yinkulu kunabo bonke bokulala. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buvela ku-13 kuye ku-8 cm, futhi isisindo sabesilisa singafinyelela ku-180 g, yize ekhaya sony kungatholwa kube nesisindo esikhudlwana. I-Sonya-polchok ibukeka njenge-squirrel grey, kepha ngesisekelo esishintshe kancane.
Le nhlangano inezindlebe ezincane futhi enamehlo amnyama amnyama amakhulu. Ikhala likhulu, alimboziwe ngoboya, obomvana. Izindawo ezimnyama ezingwevu noma ezimnyama ziyabonakala eduze kwamehlo. Ikhala linezinwele eziningana ezilukhuni - amadevu, azwelayo kakhulu futhi asiza amakhanda okulala afuna ukudla.
Umzimba uphakeme, okuphawuleka kuphela uma i-dormouse ishukunyiswa. Umsila omfishane kwesinye isikhathi ufana ne-squirrel ku-fur wayo, kepha, njengomthetho, i-dormouse ayinayo ikhava enkulu kakhulu emsila. Ijazi lezinwele lide futhi lithambile, limpunga. Isisu, intamo nengaphakathi lama-paws kumhlophe. Uboya buphansi, kepha okwesikhashana bekubongwa phakathi kwabazingeli. Ama-Sonya regiments anesembozo esiminyene esibavumela ukuba baphile ngenkathi ebandayo. Izihlakala zamakhonkolo zilungile, ngeminwe emide, azinaboya ngokuphelele.
Iselula kakhulu - izinzwane zokuqala nezesihlanu, ezibuyiselwa zodwa kweminye iminwe. Lokhu kuvumela uSonya-Polch ukuba abambelele ngokuqinile kumagatsha ezihlahla futhi aqhubeke emoyeni.
Cishe akukho dimorphism ocansini phakathi dormouse. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abesilisa bama-regiments banombala omnyama nobukhulu obukhulu kunabesifazane. Futhi, abesilisa basebenzise izindandatho ezimnyama ngaphezulu kwamehlo, futhi umsila ubushelelezi ngokwengeziwe, uvame ukufana ne-squirrel.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Uhla luhlanganisa iningi laseYurophu, iCaucasus ne-Asia Minor. Kuhlala amahlathi amakhulu abanzi emathafeni nasezintabeni. Kutholakala futhi emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, izihlahla zezithelo ezixubene ne-hazel nezihlahla zezithelo zasendle.
Ihlala kuphi indlu yegumbi?
Photo: Sonia-isilwane esincane
I-Sonya-polchok ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokulala.
Kuqala, abahlali ababehlala ezindlini bahlala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
Kamuva, ama-Sony regiments alethwa e-UK, e-Chiltern Hills. Futhi, kutholakala izinkumbi zabantu ezincane phakathi kweziqhingi zoLwandle iMedithera: iSardinia, iSisili, iCorsica, iCorfu neCrete. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala eTurkmenistan nase-Ashgabat.
I-Russia inabantu abaningi ngokungalingani yi-Dormouse, lolu hlobo luhlala lodwa ezindaweni eziningi ezinkulu. Ukwenza isibonelo, bahlala eKursk, eduze nomfula iVolga, eNizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia naseBashkiria.
Enyakatho azikho eziningi zazo - kuphela eduze noMfula i-Oka, njengoba abantu bengashintshiwe kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi. ENingizimu engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia akukho ndawo yonke etholakalayo, kodwa itholakala eduze kwezansi kweCaucasus. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke amabutho kaSontoya ahlala e-Isthmus yeCaucasus naseTranscaucasia.
Isimo esiyingqayizivele sendawo kaSonya ukuthi icishe ingehli emhlabathini ivela ezihlahleni, ihamba kuphela ngamagatsha neziqu ezinde. Emhlabeni, i-dormouse yiyona esengozini kunazo zonke. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zeSonya zivame kuphela ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona izihlahla nezihlahla eziningi.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi udla izindwani.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Sonya Polchok emvelweni
Ama-Sonya regiments ahlala emahlathini aqatha futhi axubile, lapho insimu yawo enkulu yedoti ikhona. Ebusuku, izindawo ezilandelwayo ziyizilwane ezigugile futhi ezisheshayo ezigijimisana naphezulu kwezihlahla futhi zigxuma zisuka egatsheni ziye kwelinye.
Ntambama, Sonya regiments sleep, okuvumela ukuthi babe mancane amathuba okuthi bazingelwe ngabazingeli. Bahlela izidleke ezihlahleni zezihlahla, kaningi - ematsheni nasezimpandeni. Izindlovu zifakwe ngotshani, izinkuni ezifile, iminyene, i-bird fluff kanye nomhlanga.
Iqiniso elihehayo: AmaRegiments regiments athanda izindlu zokugcina izinyoni nezinye izidleke zezinyoni zokwenziwa, ahlela ama-rookeries abo ngqo ngaphezulu kwabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni ezindala zivame ukuyeka ukundiza esidlekeni, ngenxa yalokho kufelwa imidlwane namachwane.
Ehlobo, regiments bakhula ngenkuthalo isisindo, futhi uma kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo bawela ebusika - lokhu kuba cishe ngenyanga ka-Okthoba. Njengomthetho, balala kuze kube uMeyi noma uJuni, kepha izinyanga zingahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kwamagundane. Izilwane zihlala ziba ngamaqembu, yize ziphila impilo eyedwa.
Ubusuku bosuku lwalezi zinhlobo zama-rodent buboshwe emahoreni asemini, hhayi ezikhathini ezithile. Lapho ubusuku buncishiswa, regiments futhi sinciphisa isikhathi sabo somsebenzi, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo zonya zikaSonya ziyakwazi ukusebenza phakathi nosuku, zidla futhi zihamba, kepha lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi ngabaningi abazingela isikhathi sasemini.
Ekhaya, izinhlobo zakwaSony zijwayela impilo yasemini. U-Sonya ukhule kusuka kubazalisi abangena kalula ezingalweni zabo, aqaphele indoda yabo ngephunga nangezwi, athande ukushaywa. Bakhwela ngentshisekelo kumuntu, bambona njengesihlahla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Encane uSov-Polchok
Cishe amasonto amabili ngemuva kokushiya i-hibernation, i-dormouse iqala isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Abesilisa baziphatha kabi kakhulu: ubusuku ngabunye bazama ukuheha izinsikazi ngesiphu, futhi bahlele nokulwa ngazo. Kuwo wonke uJulayi, izinhlobo zeSony ziziphatha ngale ndlela, zifuna umlingani.
Ngemuva kokuba owesimame ekhethe owesilisa, ukuzalanisa kwenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokhu, insikazi nowesilisa kabasaboni ngaso linye, futhi onke amarejista kaSonia abuyela esimweni sakhe sokuphila esijwayelekile sokuthula.
Ukukhulelwa kwehlangano kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25, okuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-chipmunks nama-squirrel. I-Sonya-polchok izala ama-3-5 cubs angenasisindo esingaphezu kwamagremu amabili nohhafu. Ubude bomzimba wegumbi elisanda kuzalwa likhona endaweni ecishe ibe ngu-30 mm. Njengoba izalwa ingenalo usizo ngokuphelele, izinhlobo zezingane zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, vele ngosuku lwesikhombisa embozwe ngoboya obukhulu.
Ngosuku lwe-20, amazinyo asikiwe maphakathi no-midge, futhi usayizi ukhuphuka amahlandla ama-5. Ijazi lakhiwe, kwavela ikhati elingaphansi. Kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-25, amawundlu adla ubisi, kuthi emva kwalokho akwazi ukuzimela ukuthola ukudla.
Izinsuku zokuqala ezinhlanu ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, amaRimya regiments asondele kunina, futhi ngemuva kwalokho ayakwazi ukukhipha ngokuzimela ukudla. Sekukonke, ama-regiments akwaSony ahlala cishe iminyaka emihlanu nesigamu, kepha ekhaya, isikhathi sokuphila siyakhuphuka sibe yiminyaka eyisithupha.
Izitha zemvelo zeSony-Polch
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani indlu yegumbi?
USonia Polchka unciphise inani lezitha zemvelo ngenxa yendlela yakhe yobusuku. Ngakho-ke, izitha zayo okuwukuphela kwazo ziyizikhova, ikakhulukazi, izikhova. Lezi zinyoni zibamba ama-halves ngqo emagatsheni esihlahla, uma isilwane singenaso isikhathi sokucasha emgodini noma emfuleni.
Iqiniso elihehayo: ERoma lasendulo, inyama kaSonia yayibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi, njengoba nenyama yezinye izinduku eziningi ezincane. Babephekwe uju futhi bavuthelwa ezingadini ezikhethekile.
Izihlahla ezihlala emahlathini nazo ziyingozi e-dormouse. Lezi zilwane zingafihla futhi zikhuphuke ukuphakama okuncane kwezihlahla, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukubamba ikhanda elinobuthongo. Futhi, izimila zigibela kalula ezindlini eziseceleni zomuzi ongasebenzi, ziphange izidleke zazo futhi zibulale amawundlu.
Izinhlobo zeSony azikwazi ukuzivikela phambi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke konke ezingakwenza nje ukubalekela ukucasha. Kodwa-ke, uma indoda izama ukubamba igumbi lokuphumula, isilwane singasiluma futhi size sibangele ukutheleleka.
Ngakho-ke, ama-dodouse dodges abanjwe endle awakwazi ukwenziwa amakhaya. Yizilwane kuphela ezikhulelwe ngokuzalwa eduze kwabantu ezingaphila kahle ekhaya, zijwayele umnikazi futhi zingaboni izitha kuye.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Sonia-isilwane esincane
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uboya beSony-Polch buhle futhi bufudumele, buvunwa kuphela ngamanani amancane. Ngo-1988, le zilwane sasitholakala njengoba ezisengozini yokuqothulwa Tula futhi Ryazan, kodwa ngokushesha labantu ngokushesha walulama. Nakuba-Sony-polchki kulinganiselwe yazo, ukuvuselelwa kanye nokuvikelwa yefomu ayidingekile.
Inani le-dormouse dormouse liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. labantu abaningi abathintekayo eCaucasus, lapho evulekile asebenzayo kwamahlathi kanye ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba omusha izitshalo. Nokho, lokhu akukhona nomthelela obucayi labantu.
Iningizimu nentshonalanga yeYurophu inabantu abaningi abanamakhanda okulala. Polchki onqenqema eduze emadolobheni amakhulu nasemadolobheni amancane, ukuba inikwa amandla yi-izivini, amasimu ezithelo namasimu wezolimo, futhi yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kwagxila. Iphinde akuphazamisi labantu dormice-polchkov.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, regiments Sonya yizilwane okulula ukuzalanisa ekhaya. Abanaso adinga okusezingeni eliphezulu okuqukethwe imingcele, udle ukudla namagundane, imifino, izithelo kanye ingxube yemifino. Sony-polchki banobungane kubantu ngisho bazalela ekuthunjweni.
Lezi izinduku ezincane zivame ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Sonya Polchok Uyaqhubeka ukuhola evamile ngabo indlela yokuphila, naphezu ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezemvelo, futhi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Namagundane avumelane nendawo ezikuyo entsha, futhi akukho izici musa kuthinte ukwanda kwabo.
Umsebenzi
Izilwane ezihamba nendlwana, zigijimisana kalula namagatsha amancanyana neziqu ezibushelelezi, zivame ukulengiswa phansi, zinamathele egatsheni ngemilenze yazo yangasemuva. Jump phezu ibanga elingamamitha ambalwa. Sony - izilwane ebusuku, umsebenzi uqala lapho kuhlwa. Ekuthunjweni, bavame ukuphuma endaweni yokukhosela phakathi nosuku. Ezinza agcwalise izihlahla, ngezinye izikhathi emigodini phakathi nezimpande zezihlahla noma ukwenza isokhethi ongaphandle. In autumn buthelela amafutha, ukuthola kufika ku 25-40% isisindo esengeziwe. Ebusika, ziwela ebusika (kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Ephreli). Overwinter ngokuvamile emigodini, ngezinye izikhathi futhi lapho isibuthele ndawonye nabantu abaningana.
Ukuziphatha komphakathi
Izilwane uhlala iziza elincane ngabanye, okubonisa okunamathiselwe endaweni yawo. Imvamisa, lesi silwane sisebenzisa impilo yaso yonke endaweni eyihektare eyi-15-20, hhayi kude nesidleke sikamama. Abesifazane kuthiwa okuningi enamathiselwe endaweni yokwakha isidleke ukudlula wesilisa. Umphakathi ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona izilwane bobudala 4-5.
Isimo sezinhlobo ezisensimini yezwe nasezifundeni eziseduze
Buka ezisohlwini Incwadi Red futhi ngivikelekile eMoscow (cat. 3), Nizhny Novgorod (Cat. 4) izifunda kanye e-Republic of Mordovia (Cat. 3), Kunconywa ukuba Red egwalweni Tula esifundeni. (REF. 3). Esifundeni saseTambov eqoshwe uhlu olwandayo lwezilwane nezimila abadinga ukuqapha njalo nokuqaphelisisa. Buka likhona IUCN Red List, Isijobelelo III we Bern Convention.
Izindawo zokuhlala kanye biology
Loir - ummeleli elikhulu Soneva, e ukusabalalisa yayo zihlobene kakhulu endaweni yamahlathi lezihlahla. It uhlala izingxenye okungcono nge predominance oki, beech, hazel, zasendle izihlahla zezithelo. Imvamisa ihlala ezingadini ezinkulu. Kuzo zonke izihlobo zakhe iyona ingashintshwa kakhulu ukubukwa arboreal ukuphila, okhuphukela omkhulu iziqu Amahlumela nomzimba omncane, kwenza kalula ezinkulu (kufika ku-10 m) ukweqa emthini eyodwa kuya kwenye. Esekela ukudla zemifino ukudla: acorns, amantongomane, izithelo, amajikijolo, imbewu, ngezinga elincane - nezinso amahlumela. Ukudla kwezilwane (ama-slugs, amacimbi, iminyundu, izimbungulu) kudlala indima yesibili. asebenzayo Loir kusukela kuhwalala kuze kuze kuse. Izidleke uncamela ukwakha ezindaweni zokukhosela ephephile - emigodini, izimbotshana iziqu, e yokufakelwa izidleke ezinyonini. Indawo yokuhlala yasebusika iyizihlahla eziyize, izimbobo nezimbobo ezingaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla neziqu, zivikelekile ekushiseni ngokweqile nasekufeni komswakama. Kusukela ngo-October kuze kube sekupheleni noJuni ungaphakathi basebusika ezijulile, ngokuvamile esikhehleni sinye ibekwe eziningana (kufika ku 8) izilwane. Rut iqala ngo-June, amabhere elilodwa lensikazi udoti udoti eyodwa kuya kweziyishumi, ngokuvamile emihlanu kuya kwayisithupha abasha. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-23-25. Okulinganisela polchkov ukuphila kwakhe konke ebonisa imvelo iminyaka 4-5 (1-5).
Futhi yokutholwa izinyathelo ezidingekile yezokuphepha
Esifundeni saseRyazan, i-dormouse ibilokhu ivikelwe kusukela ngo-1977 (13). zinhlobo Habitat evikelwe endaweni ye Oka Reserve. Kungcono ukwenza ucwaningo izindawo yohlobo yesimanje kwendawo ngaphakathi kwemingcele emkhakheni, uma kunesidingo ukuthatha izindawo ezikhonjwe wokuvikela akhethekile ukuvimbela nokucekelwa yabo.
Imithombo yolwazi
Ayrapetyants 1. 1983 2. Baryshnikov et al., 1981, 3. Gromov Erbaeva, 1995, 4. Sokolov, 1977, 5. Flint et al., 1970, 6. kagogo, ugogo, 2004, futhi 7. Gushina et al., 1981, 8. Onufrenya, Kudryashova, 1992 9. Borodin, 1960, 10. Lezi MV I-Onufrenya 11. Idatha A.S. Onufrenya, 12. Data VP Ivancheva, 13. Isinqumo yeKomidi ka ... 19.01.1977 №16.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Ubungako bomzimba womuntu omdala buyehluka phakathi kuka-13-18 cm, nobunzima bamagremu ayi-150-180. Polchok ukubukeka sifana miniature grey squirrel, ngaphandle kobukhona emabhulashini ku round izindlebe okwenyanga. Izandla nezinyawo wazala, ebanzi ngokwanele, ngeminwe olukhuni ezihambayo. Ukushukumiseka okubalulekile onyaweni kuhlukaniswa iminwe ye-I ne-V, ekwazi ukukhipha kalula i-perpendicular kweminye iminwe. efakwe ngaphandle ibhulashi engela degree angaba ngu-30. Ngenxa izici ezifana polchki Ungahambisa amagatsha ngisho neziphazamiso mncane.
Isilwane esimbimbili sikhuphuka ngokushesha iziqu zemithi phezulu naphansi, singagxumela emagatsheni sifinyelela kumamitha ayishumi. Sony umsila Fluffy, olumhlophe-lemicu empunga elinamathela othini coloration ubude obuphakathi nendawo 11 kuya ku-15 cm. Fur polchka bedelelekile ngenxa yokuthi abazange kuphakeme, kodwa kunalokho aluhlaza, owakhiwa ikakhulukazi izinwele downy. Staining e polchka cishe ngokuphelele monophonic. Imibala emibili kuphela egqamile ngombala: grey-brown and smoky-grey ngemuva, kanye nomhlophe noma ophuzi esiswini. Ezizungeze amehlo Ingase ithanyelwe amnyama izindandatho mncane okuyizinto ngezinye izikhathi cishe imperceptible.
Abathandwayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abadala babe sony Intshebe sasivumela eside, okuyinto ziyahamba njalo, kodwa kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele ugongolo amadevu bakwazi ukuthuthela ngokuzimela ngokuphelele nomunye.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Izinhlobo zeSonya zinamathele kakhulu emahlathini axutshwe nobanzi, lapho zinokudla okuhlukahlukene. Izilwane uncamela abahlala kakhulu ezindaweni aminyene ihlathi, elinesimo lemali lubonakale amajikijolo futhi izithelo zemithi zasendle. Sony ngokuvamile bahlale ezithelo nezivini, noma useduze nabo. Ezintabeni, isilwane esinyisayo singakhuphukela emingceleni yamahlathi amakhulu, kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ngokuphelele azizwa Loir ehlathini ovuthiwe nge predominance ka-beech, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, hornbeam nomcako, nokuba khona esinindolweni ocebile based izithelo ezihlabayo hawthorn, dogwood futhi hazel kanye Honeysuckle. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga ye endaweni Russian dormouse izimpilo emahlathini-oak-Linden nge Maple, Elm, e-aspen, hazel, ne-raspberry kanye amajikijolo e isihlanganisi aphansi. Ezindaweni ezinamadwala asogwini, i-rodent ihlala ikakhulu emadwaleni amadwala.
Kuze kube sekupheleni entwasahlobo noma ngaphambi Juni Loir ungaphakathi basebusika futhi baphaphame nalabo izilwane kamuva kunamanye amalungu omkhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, eCaucasus polchki ushiye ngobuningi zokukhosela wazungeza ekupheleni June, lapho izithelo kamalibhele uvuthwe futhi cherry iplamu. Amadoda amadala emagatsheni ezihlahla ashiya izimpawu ezinephunga elikhethekile, iphunga umuntu angalihogela. Silele kufa, ngokuvamile-two-thirds of yearlings ababengazange ephethwe buthelela ngokwanele amafutha izinqolobane ebusika noma wakhetha endaweni engafanele.
Silele umzimba ezilwaneni siyehla 2%, izinga lokushisa emzimbeni sehliselwe 3 ° C, uma zisaphila sakugcina, ukuphefumula kanzima ngezinye izikhathi kancane may stop okwesikhashana.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Le nhlangano yasatshalaliswa kakhulu emahlathini asezintabeni nasezindaweni eziphansi zaseYurophu, eCaucasus naseTranscaucasia, etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSpain neFrance iya eTurkey, isifunda saseVolga nasenyakatho ne-Iran. Uhlobo ethulwe ku-UK (amagquma Chiltern). Sonia itholakala ku seziqhingini zaseMedithera, kuhlanganise eSardinia Corsica, eSicily, eKrethe, wafike neCorfu, kanye Turkmenistan eduze Ashgabat.
Ensimini yeRussian Federation, i-dormouse ayihlukile kakhulu. Le ndawo sesilwane mammalian uvezwa eziningana osayizi ezahlukene ezindaweni isehlane avame at amabanga amade uma liya komunye nomunye. Sonia-polchka zingatholakala ensimini ka eKursk esifundeni kanye elisemcengezini umfula we iVolga, kuhlanganise iVolga-Kama esifundeni, Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni, Tatarstan, Chuvashia futhi Bashkortostan, le Samara esifundeni.
Enyakatho yezwe lethu, ukwabiwa kwama-rodent kunqunyelwe kuMfula i-Oka. Esifundazweni saseningizimu asemaqeleni izifunda European Loir lingekho. Okuvame kakhulu kanti eziningi ezifana isilwane elincane eCaucasus ne eCaucasus Isthmus. Izici ezikhawulela inani eliphelele labantu zifaka inani elincane lezilwane ezincelisayo emikhawulweni esenyakatho yebanga, kanye nenani elanele lendawo yokuhlala efanele.
Ochwepheshe Kunconywa njengoba izinyathelo nokongiwa ngokwesimo kohlobo isifundo olukhethekile yesimanje ukusatshalaliswa amaphuzu futhi lonke inani zinhlobo, kanye ukuhlonza futhi okwalandela zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali ndawo.
Ukudla Sony-polchka
Ngezici ezijwayelekile zokudla okunempilo, izinhlobo zeSonya zingama-imifino, ngakho-ke isisekelo sokudla kwabo kumelelwa izingxenye zezitshalo zazo zonke izinhlobo zezimila, izithelo nembewu. Ngo amajikijolo kanye izithelo nezilwane ukhetha ukungatholi inyama namathambo. Ukudla eyinhloko dormice kuhlanganisa:
- ama-acorn
- hazel
- walnuts,
- chestnut,
- amathiphu beech
- amagonandoda,
- amagilebhisi,
- ama-apula
- cherry,
- iplamu,
- umuthi kamalibhele
- iplamu,
- kamalibhele.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhanda okulala ukudla kwezilwane, akukho ukuvumelana. Abanye abacwaningi bayavuma kuyinto ngempela predation ezingavamile ngu dormice. Ngezinye izikhathi bedla namagundane ngokudla yemifino amaphuphu amancane, futhi izinambuzane. Izilwane zasehlathini zaseMammal zinikeza ukuthanda izithelo ezivuthiwe namajikijolo, ngakho-ke lapho kusondla lesi silwane kuqala sizama izithelo, bese ukudla okungavuthiwe kungaphonswa emhlabathini.
Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, nokujikijela-dormice polchkami angavuthiwe izithelo zivame bakhangwa izingulube zasendle kanye namabhere, kanye kabanzi ukudla ezahlukene phansi namagundane.
Umlando Wempilo eZoo
Esikhathini eMoscow zoo Sony-polchki aphile iminyaka engaphezu kuka-15. Eminyakeni yokuqala, izilwane azizalanga. Iqiniso lokuthi ukukhiqizwa kabusha yimpumelelo sonyam isidingo kulala kwasebusika, okuyiwona zazingekho izimo yezinyoni ukuchayeka. Eminyakeni elandelayo, dormice ebusika ayesebuyele ebiyelwe ongaphandle, nezilwane waqala ukuzizalanisa ngempumelelo. Eminyakeni engu-2 eyedlule, i-dormouse ibilokhu izalela esigodlweni “Night World” ngisho ngaphandle kokucasha.
Ungabona yokuchayeka dormice e inkundla aviary "Ebusuku Umhlaba" ukuze emaqaqasini ihlathi okuxubile, lapho ahlala khona kanye inhloli ezivamile. Izindawo zokukhosela zingabantu nomgodi imbobo, kanye umkhombe kufihlwe lapho futhi usebenzise njengoba isidleke. Manje, kule feeder "esidlekeni", ingxube ye-hay ibekwa. Yondla izilwane kanye ngosuku. Ebiyelwe has umkhombe-kwesitsha, elise ukuze izivakashi angabona kanjani izilwane ukudla. Ukudla kwama-Sonya Snack kuqukethe izithelo, imifino, ubhekilanga imbewu, i-oats, i-cottage shizi, izinambuzane, amaqanda enkukhu, inyama, i-hercule kanye namavithamini kanye nezimbiwa.
Incazelo netimphawu Sony polchok
Lezi zilwane iyamangalisa abalandeli enkulu yokulala. Yilapho igama labo lavela khona - Sonia polchok. isilwane Sleeping kumele kube okungenani ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye zonyaka.
Iqala ngoSepthemba iphele ngoJuni. Njengoba kubaluleke kakhulu Soneva ummeleli, polchok has a obuphelele umzimba 18 cm, nobude bawo 10 cm nomsila nesisindo sesilwane umzimba mayelana 170 g
Polchok esithombeni - uyisilwane esinezindlebe ezimfishane, esiyindilinga eziqongweni, esinomugqa wezinwele oxegayo, esinomlenze ongenamikhawulo wemilenze yangemuva nesithende esimbozwe ngoboya. Amehlo isilwane ahlotshiswe indandatho amnyama, ngezinye izikhathi obonakalayo enganele.
I nomlomo sesilwane lihlotshiswe irekhodi vibrossami lezi usayizi izilwane. Ubude bawo obuphakathi bufika ku-6 cm. Umbala wejazi igundane polchka Smoky-grey ne shades brown ngesiliva. Isisu sakhe simhlophe, kanti imilenze ibomvu ophuzi. Umsila simhlophe nge ukungcola grey.
Animal polchok ukubukeka kwayo kufana ne-squirrel, ngakho-ke ekuqaleni yayixhunywe ngephutha ku-squus squus. Umehluko isasekhona kulezi izilwane - polchka kungekho tufts ezindlebeni futhi isisu ke omhlophe.
Polchok ka igundane isilwane esibaluleke kakhulu. noboya yakhe iyigugu embonini uboya inyama ubumnandi ukudla. Nabo-ke is lincipha minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke njengamanje polchok eNcwadini Red futhi ngaphansi kwesivikelo abantu.
Indlela yokuphila kaSonia nendawo yokuhlala
Hlangana lesi simanga semvelo kungaba eCaucasus, Ukraine, iMoldova kanye emaphakathi neRussia. Polchok izimpilo emahlathini alawulwa izihlahla ezinjenge-beech, i-oki, i-walnuts, izihlahla zezithelo zasendle. Amahlathi, lapho kukhona AmaConifers ukuheha nabo kancane.
Ngenxa yalezi izilwane ezimangalisayo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nemithi yezithelo ezihlabayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi babe nezihlahla eziyize. Ezimweni njalo, izilwane polchki ingahlala endlini yezinyoni eyenziwe ngentambo noma endlini eyize.
Futhi zonke isidingo avuselelwe, futhi ngesivalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, azikuthandi izinyoni, okuyiwona le ndlu yakhelwe. Kunezikhathi lapho zihlala khona ezakhiweni zabantu.
Lezi zilwane ungaboshwa eyodwa yokuhlala, indawo, ngenxa yokuthi yokuphila asebenzayo ngesikhathi lapho akozeli. Omakhelwane kanye efanayo beqonda ngempela ngomoya ophansi.
Bangabavumela kalula bangene endaweni yabo yokukhosela. Ngezinye izikhathi ngibona polchkov umzimba basonta kunzima ukuthi ubani kungokwalabo endlini. Vele njengoba ngokuthula ephila ekuthunjweni amaseli, uma isikhala esanele kanye feedstuffs.
Lesi isilwane esincane esihle kakhulu. Ngaphandle polchok isidleke olunesisekelo legatsha futhi ngamandla uqala wazimisa yena - ahlanze noboya lakhe elingenamikhono, umsila ayesebenza, izona ubuso bakhe nasemilenzeni usule. Ngemva kwalokho isilwane lifihle ngaphansi amashidi ngentende.
Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga asendlini yakubo, afakwa umugqa nezinye izinto ezithambile, njengemoss. Phela, hlobisa isidleke salo ikakhulukazi woodcocks zesifazane.
Ukuze kwabesilisa konke akunandaba ngoba elinesimo ubuvila ezinkulu. Esidlekeni sazo, ungabona ishidi elilodwa noma amabili, bese kuthi, lapho, afika khona lapho ngenhlanhla.
yokuphila asebenzayo avunyelwe kusukela kuhlwa nesiphetho ekuseni. Phakathi emini uncamela ukulala ezindaweni zokukhosela abo. Isilwane esincane Sonya Polchok ngokuyisisekelo esikhathini esiningi emithini. Kuyinto olukhulu kuye ehamba netimphawu esihle ukweqa ikhono. Ukugxuma kwakhe kungafinyelela ku-10 m.
Silele esikhehleni sinye kungabonwa okungenani 8 izilwane. Ngalesi ubuthongo siyehla ekujuleni zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile besikhumba saleso silwane.
Isizukulwane esisesincane kakhulu esokuqala ukuphuma esimweni sokulala, ngonyaka owedlule ngemuva kwaso, kanti vele nezilwane ezindala kakhulu zingemva kwazo. emva ubuthongo basebusika polchok kanzima udla. Ngaye, okunomsoco ngalesi sikhathi kumane esibalulekile.
Ukudla kwe-Sony
Ngokuyinhloko polchok uthanda ukudla imifino. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungabonwa ekudleni yayo nge izinambuzane, amaqanda inyoni noma inyoni.Isilwane sithanda amantongomane anekhalori ephezulu, ama-acorns kanye nama-chestnut, okhalweni kanye namagxolo esihlahla. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ibutho liqala ukuthembela kubo ngokukhethekile, liqongelela ukugcinwa kwamafutha ngaphambi kokushiswa.
Uma lezi zilwane zihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, zingakwazi, ngaphandle kokujabha, ukwenza izisulu kuma-storages, ezindlini zokugcina ngezithelo. Ngaphambi kokucasha, lezi zilwane ziba umuntu opholile ekhaya. Ziletha konke ezikutholile ekudleni ziye ekhaya futhi zikuthatha ngenjabulo enkulu.
Ahlukile ku-stockness. Into enjengesitoko sosuku semvula ayikho. Zinamazinyo aqine ngokwanele. Amashalofu ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi angakuluma ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa igobolondo le-walnut. Kwesinye isikhathi, bavele balume lamantongomane bawaphonse phansi. Ukusuka kulokhu kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi izilwane ziyamamatheka kakhulu.