I-Mountain thrush iyintandokazi enkulu yomlotha wezintaba. Ekwindla, lapho iziqaqa ezisindayo zimboza izihlahla bese zigobisa amagatsha awo, kuqhuma izindiza ezinkulu zingene emlotheni osentabeni. Eminyakeni enjalo, izinkambu zezindiza azihambi nezinye izimboni zasebusika, kodwa zihlala ezweni lazo elisenyakatho. Ngaphezu komlotha osentabeni, ama-thrushes adliwa yi-juniper, ama-blueberries kanye nezinambuzane entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ama-hairbirds ahlala ema-birch ama-birch kanye nasehlathini. (Amagama angama-60)

Ngokusho kukaG. Skrebitsky

Isabelo segrama:

1. Bhala amagama wezimpande embhalweni, uwahlele ngokwakhiwa kwawo.
2. Bhala amagama amathathu unonkamisa ongagxilisiwe empandeni yegama, ukhethe amagama wokuhlola kuwo.
3. Khetha izichasiso zamagama alandelayo: omkhulu, osindayo, osenyakatho.

Ukubonakala kwensimu

Le thrush ephakathi nendawo inobude bomzimba obungu-25,5 cm, isisindo somzimba kusuka ku-75 kuye ku-140 g kanye namaphiko angama-39 - 43 cm.Ingaphezulu lomzimba wensimu lipendiwe ngemibala emithathu: umsila ucishe umnyama, emuva kube nsundu, nekhanda liphuzi.

Ngaphansi kwephiko, isisu nokufakwa ngaphansi kwenyoni kumhlophe. Kunamachashaza amnyama emqaleni nasesifubeni ngombala obomvu. I-dimorphism yezocansi emkhakheni wezempilo ivezwa buthaka kakhulu, ukubukeka kowesifazane akuhlukile kunowesilisa.

Indawo yokuhlala ye-Habitat

Uhla lokuzalela kwezinsimu luhlanganisa cishe yonke inyakatho ye-Eurasia. Lapha, umkhawulo osenyakatho wobubanzi umngcele osenyakatho wezitshalo zehlathi. Umngcele oseningizimu yendawo yokuhlala umngcele osenyakatho we-strpe strip. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, le nyoni indiza iqonde eSouth and Central Europe, e-Asia Minor naseNyakatho ne-Afrika.

Ngokwesigaba sayo, inyoni inamathela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungaba yimiphetho yamahlathi eduze nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukuphuma kwamahlathi, imifudlana yezikhukhula nemifula eminceleni. I-fieldcare ihlala nemifula phakathi kwamadlelo kanye nezamadlelo, amapaki, izingadi, izindlu zempahla zasehlobo.

Ukudla Kwasemakhaya

Lezi zinyoni zithole igama lazo ngenxa yokuthi zondla ikakhulu ngomlotha wezintaba. Bahluthula umlotha wentaba, bahlale emagatsheni, bathathe izithelo eziwile emhlabathini.

Yize impilo yasemkhakheni imvama inamahloni futhi inobuhlakani, abantu abahlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu, emapaki nasezigcawini, bathembela impela.

Ngesikhathi lapho insimu isondliwa kusuka emhlabathini, angakwazi ukusondeza umuntu eduze kwakhe.

Isitsha esiyinhloko ekudleni kwamankukhu emasimini yizinyoni zomhlaba. Ukuba khona kwama-Earthworms kuvame ukucacisa indawo amakoloni ale nyoni.

Lezi zinyoni zihlala kalula eduze komhlabathi omanzi, ngoba kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukudla kwamathole kungahlala kuwo. Uma, ngasizathu simbe, inhlabathi enomswakama ayanele, umlotha wentaba uvunwa yizibungu zezimvemvane (i-scoop kanye namabhu), amabhungane, izibungu zamadrako, amaqhude amahhashi, ama-slugs nezinye izimbaza. Ngokuzala sekwephuzile, insimu ivame ukondla amachwane ngamajikijolo amajikijolo, i-bird cherry, ama-blueberries kanye nama-sitrobheli.

Ukuzalelwa kwensimu

Imikhosi yalezi zinyoni imvamisa ayiningi. Imvamisa kwikolishi elilodwa kukhona izidleke ezi-5-6. Kuyaqabukela, inani lezidleke lidlula i-12. Izimpilo zensimu zifaka isidleke esihlahleni noma esihlahleni. Imvamisa, isidleke esinjalo sitholakala phakathi kwamagatsha amabili asebusweni. Enye yezimfuneko eziphambili zokwakhiwa kwesidleke ukutholakala kosizo oluthembekile.

Amakhowe, isikhunta, iziqu, njll. Kaningi enza njengokusekelwa okunjalo.

Isidleke sezinkundla zasemakhaya singatholakala ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-0.5 kuye kwangama-20 ngaphezu komhlaba. Ekuphakameni okukhulu, izindawo zensimu zakha izidleke zazo, ikakhulukazi eduze kwabantu, emapaki nasezigcawini.

Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, ukuphakama kwesidleke kuyaqabukela kweqa ku-6 m.

Isidleke siyisakhiwo esenziwe ngesigaxa senkomishi esakhiwe kusuka ngeziqu zotshani obomile. Ngaphansi nangasemaphethelweni, isidleke siyabanjiswa futhi siboshwe ngomhlaba. Ngaphakathi esidlekeni kukhona udoti othambile weziqu kanye ne-bast. Ukuphakama kwesidleke esinjalo kuphakathi kwama-9 - 18 cm, nobubanzi obuyi-13 - 20 cm. Ngaphakathi esidlekeni ngokwaso kunetreyi enobubanzi obungu-6 - 7 cm nobubanzi obuyi-10 - 12 cm.

Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuyaqala, njengomthetho, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Amabili amabala ezinkundla ezakha insimu futhi aqale ukushada ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. IClutch iqukethe amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-7. Igobolondo lawa maqanda lipendiwe ngopende ohlaza okotshani futhi embozwe izindawo ezibomvu. Imikhaza izalwa kakade engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, bashiya kakhulu izidleke. NgoJuni, i-clutch yesibili iyaqala.

Ku-clutch yesibili kuvame ukuba namaqanda ambalwa kunawokuqala.

Lalelani izwi leNsimu

Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuyaqala, njengomthetho, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Amabili amabala ezinkundla ezakha insimu futhi aqale ukushada ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. IClutch iqukethe amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-7. Igobolondo lawa maqanda lipendiwe ngopende ohlaza okotshani futhi embozwe izindawo ezibomvu. Imikhaza izalwa kakade engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, bashiya kakhulu izidleke. NgoJuni, i-clutch yesibili iyaqala.

Ku-clutch yesibili kuvame ukuba namaqanda ambalwa kunawokuqala.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Habitat

Umlotha wentaba uhlala kuyo yonke indawo eYurophu, ukusuka emazweni aseningizimu kuye eSiberia (kuya emanzini aphakathi kweLena neYenisei). Futhi, lezi zinyoni ezise-Asia, e-Afrika.

Lezi zinyoni zivame ukundiza ezindaweni eziseningizimu ziye ebusika, kepha uma emazweni ase-Central Europe kunokudla okwanele, khona-ke zingalinda ubusika lapho.

Bahlala ezinhlangeni naseziphethweni zamahlathi ahlukanisayo futhi axubile, amahlathi e-coniffort. Abathandi bezindiza bezungeza umuntu - bazijabulisa ngamajikijolo.

Incazelo

Ukubonakala kwenyoni kuyabonakala impela. Ubukhulu bomuntu obudala bungama-25-29 cm, isisindo esijwayelekile singama-105 g, kepha singafinyelela ku-130 g. I-wingspan ingaphezulu kwama-40 cm.

Umbala we-hairbird thrush ubuye uhehe ukunakwa: ikhanda nuft grey, emuva namaphiko kudwetshwe ngemithunzi emnyama, umsila unamalahle amnyama. Isisu simhlophe, isifuba senziwe izimbotshana, umthunzi omkhulu ubushubile, isigaxa simnyama futhi sinsundu. Isinqe singwevu. Lolu hlobo lwe-blackbirds lutholakala emvelweni kaningi, futhi ngenxa yalokho lwaziwa kakhulu ngabathandi bemvelo.

I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa buthaka, kepha izintokazi zibonakaliswa imibala egcwele imibala ngombala. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwenyoni esimweni semvelo yiminyaka eyi-12-16; ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ingaphila iminyaka eyi-17, kepha imvamisa iba yisisulu somphangi.

Izikhumba ezimnyama zomlotha osentabeni emlotheni osentabeni.

I-thrush yomlotha wezintaba ikhipha umlotha osentabeni.

Isimilo

Le nyoni ingenye yezindawo ezisebenzayo, ezinjengezimpi, imikhosi yezinyoni ezinjalo ihlasela ngesibindi izinyamazane, zivikele izidleke. "Balwa" nabantu nezilwane abazidlayo ngendlela yasekuqaleni, bahlela "ukungcola udoti": ukundiza okuphansi kwabenzi bokubi futhi bangcolise ngokugcotshwa kwendle. Ngasikhathi sinye, "ukushaywa" kuhlukaniswa ngokunemba okumangalisayo. Ukuhamba ngamalambu ngezinyoni zezinyamazane kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ukushaya izimpaphe, into ebonakalayo iyazinamathela, okwenza kube nzima ukundiza.

I-Fieldbird - inyoni enesibindi, izohlala kuze kube eyokugcina ukuvikela isidleke sayo ezitheni, noma yodwa. Ngokuvamile izibungu namakhaza zithande ukuhlala kude nezinyoni ezinjengempi.

Impilo ingeyezinyoni ezinomsindo, kepha amakhono ayo okhulumela izwi anesizotha, ngakho-ke abesilisa bashicilela “chak-chak” elula kakhulu. Uma izinyoni zesaba, ziveza i-alamu ngesiginali yokuphuma, akukho manothi ahlabelelayo ekuculeni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zinyoni zinomphakathi omkhulu: lapho sezithole umlotha wasentabeni ngamajikijolo amnandi, ukuthokozisa okukhalayo okuheha ukunakwa kwamalungu aleli koloni lawo.

Banenkumbulo futhi bayashesha: uma izinyoni zithola isihlahla somlotha wasentabeni onamajikijolo anjalo ukunambitha, khona-ke nakanjani bazowukhumbula baphinde basivakashele.

Indlela yokuphila. Umsoco

Impilo yasensimini ithanda ukudlela kude nezindawo zokuhlala, kepha ebusika indizela emadolobheni, ngoba kulula ukuyondla lapho. Bakha izidleke endaweni eziphakeme ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zezihlahla. Izinyoni ezinomsindo, abesilisa bahlabelela kaningi entwasahlobo, behleli egatsheni.

impilo. umhlambi wezinyoni isithombe

Impilo yasemasimini idla izitshalo nezilwane ukudla, ukudla kwazo kuya ngesimo sezulu nesikhathi. Njengoba igama lisho, umlotha wentaba uhlala endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yalezi zinyoni.

Amabhishi ama-Rowan, njengezidleke, lezi zidonsa zivikelwe ngokucophelela kubaqhudelani. Uma isivuno se-rowanberry siningi ngokwanele, khona-ke ama-rowanberry ahlala ebusika kule ndawo futhi imiphetho efudumele ayinduki ku-bole.

Isidleke sempilo yasendlini nesithombe sokwenza

Impilo yezamakhaya ibheke kakhulu ukungondleki. Uma kunokudla okwanele, khona-ke ebusika bathuthela eningizimu, kanti ezinye izinyoni ezibuthaka kakhulu ziyafa ngesikhathi izindiza zivela ukukhathala.

Habitat

I-Fieldbird - inyoni ejwayelekile impela, ihlala emkhakheni wezwekazi lase-Euro, ingxenye yalo esenyakatho. Ungahlangana naye cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuze kufike eSiberia. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi amakoloni e-thrush atholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. Kodwa-ke, laba abamele ama-passerines akekho eSpain; akuvamile kakhulu eNgilandi naseFrance.

Ukhetha ukusonta izidleke ezihlahleni ezinde, izintandokazi zakhe zi-alder, willow. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyandiza ziyoklaba ezingubeni eziluhlaza. Indawo oyithandayo yezinyoni - imiphetho yamahlathi, ama-Coppices, amahlathi amancane we-coniferous ebangeni elingasho lutho emthonjeni womswakama. Ethangeni elikhulukazi elimnyama ngeke uhlangane nabo.

Zihlobanisa nokufuduka, ebusika bakhetha ukuba eningizimu yeYurophu, e-Asia Minor naseNyakatho ne-Afrika. Iya ebusika emazweni afudumele, le nyoni ibuya ekuseni ngokwanele, futhi vele ngo-Ephreli iqala ukuzala. Kodwa-ke, uma emazweni ase-Europe izinyoni zithola inani elanele lokudla, khona-ke ngeke zifuduke, ziyohlala ebusika ezindaweni ezakha izidleke futhi ziphile impilo exazululiwe.

Izitha Zomkhakha Wezinsimu

Emhlabathini, insimu, njengamanye amabhele amnyama, ihamba ngokugxuma, ibambe ikhanda iqonde. Uma ebona isitha, aqonde ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Uma isitha sisondela, ke wonke umhlambi uyabhidlika ubheke ngaphesheya komoya.

I-Thrush bird ingeyama-Passeriformes e-oda kanye nomndeni we-Thrush. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyi-62, kanti eziRussia ezivame kakhulu kukhona ezibomvu, ezingomeni nezimbobo ezifashisayo, umlotha wasentabeni nendwangu yesaka. Zonke ziyahlekisa ezihamba emhlabathini ngamapompo, sengathi zibambe ngasikhathi sinye. AmaBlackbirds ahlala eYurophu, eMelika naseAsia, futhi alethwa eNew Zealand evela eYurophu.

I-Thrush bird ingeyama-Passeriformes e-oda kanye nomndeni we-Thrush

Zonke iziqaqa zasenyakatho ye-overwinter yaseningizimu, lapho zifuduka khona, zifuduka zingena emhlambini omkhulu, ziguqula osayizi bazo nobukhulu bawo esibhakabhakeni. Ukuhlwitha kwangempela kudla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, kuvame ukuqoqa kuzo kusuka emhlabathini, kudle izibungu kanye nezicabucabu, kanye nama-clams namajikijolo. Zonke izinyoni zalesi sigaba zinekhono kakhulu, zihambahamba, zinamakhono futhi zihlakaniphe. Imizwa ecashile, ukucula, ukujabula, ukuhamba kuyindalo kubo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, bawuthanda kakhulu umphakathi.

AmaBlackbirds ahlala eYurophu, eMelika naseAsia, futhi alethwa eYurophu evela eNew Zealand

Isihlabelelo

Izingoma zezingoma zibizwa ngesizathu sokuthi zicula kamnandi, zilingisa ezinye izinyoni ezicula zizungeza zona, zifaka yonke into yazo ezingomeni zazo. Zinhle ngezikhathi zokugcotshwa kwasebusuku, ezwakala imnandi kakhulu futhi imnene kunama-nightingales uqobo. Ngale ngoma, abesilisa baheha izintokazi futhi baphawule imingcele yendawo yabo. Ukuthandana kwabantu besilisa kubukeka kumnandi kakhulu: ugijimisa insikazi ngemuva komlomo, bese egoqa umsila wakhe abese eqaqa. Izinyoni azidli nje kuphela emahlathini amahlahla noma ezihlahleni, kodwa futhi zingahlala esidlekeni odongeni lwesakhiwo esidala noma zimane nje phansi.

Lesi sidleke senziwe ngamahlumela, umhlanga notshani, sigcwalisa ngamathe futhi sisimisa ngobumba, lapho kufakwa khona indle yesilwane. Ngemuva kokumiswa, isidleke siba isakhiwo esiqinile esigaxwe isitsha, lapho insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-3 kuya kwangama-5 ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamachashaza amnyama amnyama, ahlukanisa amaqanda alezi ziphuzo kuwo wonke amanye amaqanda e-thrush. Izinyoni ezinezinwele ikakhulukazi njenge-spruce namanye ama-conifers futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje baqala ukuzinza kulezo zindawo ezinamapaki aphakathi nendawo lapho akhona. EYurophu, izinhlobo zezingoma kade zithathwa njenge nyoni yepaki. Zidla ikakhulu ama-invertebrates, kanti izidleke zondliwa ngezibungu ezincane, amacimbi nezinambuzane. Ekwindla, baphendukela ezithelo, imbewu nakumajikijolo.

Yini ama-pheasants, ukuzalaniswa kwawo ekhaya

Okumnyama

I-blackbird yehlukile ezihlotsheni zayo zombili imibala nokwakheka kwamaphiko - imfushane futhi iyindilinga emaphethelweni. Emadodeni avuthiwe, umbala umnyama ngokufana, uqhwaku luwolintshi, kanti imiphetho yezinkophe ingphuzi. Abantu besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala abavuthiwe bapende abamnyama ngenhla, futhi amaplamu abo ngezansi aqukethe izindawo ezikhanyayo nezimfusa. Ihlala eYurophu, eMadeira, eCanary Islands nase Ntshonalanga Asia. Ogwini oluseningizimu yoLwandle lweCaspian, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengeyinyoni evame kakhulu. Ithanda ukuhlala emifuleni nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezintabeni. Amabhulukwe amaningi athambele ukundiza. Lezo ezibonakala ngezikhathi ezithile endaweni yakithi, zindiza cishe isigamu somhlaba, zisuka eMpumalanga Ekude naseKamchatka, zihambe zize ziwele oLwandle iBering ziye eYurophu, zinqamula kulo lonke elase-Asia.

Kholmogorsk goose: Incazelo yohlobo lokuzalela, ukuzalela endaweni

Umuntu omnyama ekuculeni akayona into ephansi kulowo mculi, esebenzisa imisindo eminingi emnandi nemiculo emicwebeni yakhe, kodwa ingoma yakhe ayeneme njengoba lo mculi odumile, ebonakala ngomuntu onesizotha futhi odabukisayo. Ubuye, njengendlela yokuhlekisa, uthatha imisindo kwabanye abafowabo futhi acebise ukucula kwakhe ngemiculo yabanye abantu. Kucishe kube yinsimbi ekudleni: kudla izidleke, izibungu, amacimbi, izinambuzane, kuthi lapho kuvela amajikijolo, kudla ku-elderberry, okusajingijolo, isitshalo esinezimbali, i-blueberry kanye ne-sitrobheli wasendle, i-cherry, i-bird cherry kanye namagilebhisi.

I-Bluebird

I-Bluebird inyoni encane engaphezulu kondlunkulu , ingxenye engenhla ipendwe ngompunga ngombala onsundu, kanti ingxenye engezansi imhlophe ngezinhlangothi ezibomvu nebele. Izimpiko ezingaphansi nangasesifubeni ziwolintshi ogqamile, kuyilapho abesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, benomphimbo ompunga. Ngokubukeka nemikhuba efana kakhulu nengubo yomculo. I-Bluebird idala amakhwela afanayo amahle futhi anomculo, futhi abathandi bezinyoni bakholelwa ukuthi i-Bluebird ingcono kunoyiculayo. Ezidlekeni, ukhetha amahlathi aqothulayo kanye nezikhukhula zemifula, lapho abekela khona amaqanda angaba luhlaza awu-5 anezindawo ezibomvu esidlekeni esakhiwe sakhiwe ngodaka notshani obomile.

Kukhona okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Far Eastern taiga namahlathi osogwini olusempumalanga yoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Le nyoni inhle kakhulu, yinhle futhi icula ngesisa kangangokuba ibizwa ngokuthi iparele lomsila. Abathandi bezinyoni abaningi baphupha ngokumbeka ekhaya labo ukuze bamuhloniphe futhi alalele izingoma zakhe. Uhlabelela phezulu kakhulu entwasahlobo, alethe injabulo enkosini yakhe ngomsindo ocacile kanye nama-troll ebusuku. Umculi onezinwele udla umlotha wasentabeni ne-elderberry, kanye nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, kodwa-ke, ekhaya, amalungiselelo akhethekile nokudla kwezilwane kufanele kufakwe ekudleni kwakhe, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Izimpaphe ezindala zidinga ukudonsa ngezikhathi.

Ngabe udlani we-thrush?

Inyoni yase-Fieldbird inezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokudla, ukudla okukujabulisa ukudla nezilwane nezitshalo. Uthanda amaswidi kakhulu, ngakho ehlobo nasekwindla ujabulela amajikijolo amasha ngenjabulo. I-thrush yathola igama layo ngenxa yothando lwayo lwezithelo ezi-rowan, ikakhulukazi ezimnandi. Kubhekwe ukuthi uma ukuvuna kwalezi zithelo kungenye ngonyaka, khona-ke izinyoni ngeke zifuduke, zidle amabhungane azo azithandayo ebusika bonke. Ukudla kwezinyoni kuncike kakhulu esikhathini sonyaka nezimo zezulu.

Imvamisa ekwindla indizela emasimini nasezivandeni ukuze ijabulele amajikijolo engadi: ama-blueberries, irga, ama-sitrobheli asendle, i-viburnum, ama-cherries, ama-currants. Ngenxa yalokhu, abathandi abanikazi bezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba.

Ehlobo, kunezindlela eziningi zokudla kwezilwane:

• Emhlabeni
• Ama-Molluscs
• Izigidi
• I-Woodlice,
• Izimvemvane
• Amabhungane
• Amakhokho.

Uthando lwezinyoni ngeminyundu yasemhlabeni luvame ukubangela ukushona kwamakholoni wonke: izibungu zihlasela izimpukane ngamathumbu, okubangela inkinga yokugaya izinyoni, okuholela ekufeni.

Impilo yasemasimini incike kakhulu esondweni lokuphakelwa, uma kwenzeka kwaba unyaka wokuzimela, izinyoni ziyahamba phakathi nobusika, kuyilapho abantu abaningi befa ngokukhathala endleleni.

I-Nesting nokuzalela

Abesifazane benza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke kusuka emagatsheni nase moss; umsebenzi owesilisa uvame ukufaka phakathi inhlangano yezokuvikela. “Indlu” yensimu etholakala ngesimo sendebe enkulu engajwayelekile, embozwe ngotshani obusha obuvela ngaphakathi. Udaka nodaka kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisa. Kuthatha izinsuku ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-7 ukwakha isidleke senyoni; isikhathi esidlekayo siqala ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi.

I-clutch eyodwa ifaka amaqanda angama-4-7 we-tint enhle eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enamachashazi ansundu; ngesikhathi sasehlobo kungavela imqubu emibili, kuzoba namaqanda ambalwa kwesibili. Owesifazane ubamba i-clutch izinsuku eziyi-12, owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uqapha isidleke, kodwa angondli “ntombi” yakhe, kufanele azitholele ukudla.

Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekunakekeleni inzalo; isikhathi sokudla asidluli amasonto amabili. Amabhuqa asheshe azimele futhi ashiye isidleke sawo sabazali.

Izinyoni zasensimini esidlekeni esinamachwane anebhungane likaMay kuqhwaku lwalo.

Izitha ZaseTrush

Ngokwemvelo, i-thrush yasezintabeni inezitha eziningana, ezibandakanya abanye abamele izwe elinemibala. Ngakho-ke, izingwegwe zivame ukonakalisa izidleke zensimu, ngakho-ke zibhekwa njengezitha eziphambili. Abesilisa balwa nezinyoni ezimnyama nalo lonke leli koloni, zibaphoqelele ukuba bangahambi. Izitha zifaka ama-jay, ama-woodpeckers, ama-squirrels, ama-Hawks nezikhova.

Kuyiqiniso, indoda iyingozi futhi ekulweni nempilo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isifiso sokusiza abanye asihambi ngalezi zinyoni, ngokwesibonelo, abesilisa baxosha ngesibindi ama-squirrels abhubhisa izidleke zamaringi angenamandla okuzivikela noma ama-flycatchers. Ngakho-ke, endaweni eseduze kwekholoni yezinyoni ezincane zasendle zithanda ukuhlala: greenfinchs, wands.

I-Fieldbird esixukwini somlotha wentaba.

Izici zezinyoni

Bheka ezinye izinto ezithokozisayo ezibonakala njengama-hairbird:

• Zithanda ukwenza izidleke eziphakeme impela, ngokwesilinganiso, ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-3-5 ngenhla komhlaba, kanti uma izinyoni zihlala kumapaki amadolobha, lapho zivame ukuxhumana nabantu, zithanda ukukhuphuka ziphakeme kakhulu.
• Kuhlala kunamampunge nomsindo ku-colony of blackbirds, izinyoni zinomusa kakhulu futhi, uma kunesidingo, zikulungele ukuvikela ngokuhlanganyela izidleke.
• Izinyoni zibhekwa njengezona zinto ezisabalalisa umlotha osezintabeni, ngoba, ukudlula emathunjini omhlophe, imbewu ayilahlekelwa ukuqhuma kwayo.
• Ukuphrinta ngonyawo - ubude obu-5 cm - kubhekwa njengokukhulu kunabo bonke phakathi kwezikhumba ezimnyama zaseYurophu.
• Zihlukile ekuthandweni kokunambitheka. Ngakho-ke, izazi zemvelo ziphawule ukuthi zithokozela ubumnandi bezilokotho zasolwandle, ama-currants abomvu, izithelo ezimnyama, kepha amajikijolo e-hawthorn azidonsela ezingeni elincane.

Unjalo umlotha oshukumisayo wentaba, omele umhlaba omhlophe, inyoni enesimilo nokuthandwa kwayo ukunambitheka, umhlali onesibindi emaphethelweni amahlathi namapaki amadolobha.

I-Drozd-p_skun (ngaphambili - i-Rabіnnіk, i-Tsі Drozd-rabіnnіk)

Yonke insimu yeBelarus

I-Drozdovye Yomndeni - iTurdidae.

EBelarus - T. k. pilaris.

Izinhlobo ezifuywayo ezijwayelekile, ezifudukayo, ezihambayo nezihamba ubusika.

Ngandlela-thile ama-jackdaws amancane, kepha ayinkanyezi eningi. Cishe ubukhulu obufana noblackbird. Ikhanda, phezulu kwentamo ne-naduhvay ngimpunga, umsila umdaka onsundu, uhlukile kakhulu kulo lonke iplamu. Umhlane ungwevu ngokubomvu, umi ngokungafani nesizinda sombala ojwayelekile wohlangothi olungaphezulu. Isifuba, umphimbo, nesisu sangaphandle kubomvu ukuvuvukala ngezinhlamvu ezimnyama, eziphawulwe kahle. Isisu sonke simhlophe ngemisundu e-brownish. Imisundu emsundu esifubeni inengxenye ye-V. Uma ubheka inyoni ezindizayo ivela ngezansi, amaphiko amhlophe ayabonakala. UBill ungphuzi onsundu ngenhla emnyama, imilensi nsundu. Ubuningi bezinyoni ezincane bunciphile, umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-70-140 g, owesimame ungama-8-1010 g. Ubude bomzimba buyi-24-27 cm, amaphiko aqine ngamasentimitha angama-40-44,5.Ukuphakama kwamaduna ngamasentimitha angama-13-16, umsila kungama-10-12 cm, ukhonkolo ungama-3-4 cm, umlomo Ubude be-1.5-2.5 cm.U ubude bephiko labesifazane buyi-12,5-14,5 cm, umsila u-9-11.5 cm, iTarsus 2.5-4 cm, umlomo u-2 cm.

Ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezinenwele, inyoni ebonakala kakhulu, engafihli lutho. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka nobusika ngokuvamile kugcinwa emaphaketheni. Ezindaweni ezidlekayo futhi inika ubukhona bayo ngokuhlokoma okukhulu. Isiginali yocingo "tchscheckchcchk", lapho kuvela ingozi "trrrrrr." ngempelasonto. " Ingoma yensiza, ngaphandle kwalokho, ithulile - i-twitter ethule, ihlanganiswe nodaka.

Kunzima impela ukulungisa ukufika kwentwasahlobo, ngoba izinkundla eziningi zichitha ubusika nathi, ngesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoni ziyavela kumasayithi esidleke ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, naseningizimu yeBelarus ngasekupheleni kukaMashi. Izinsuku zokufika nezindiza zezinyoni ziyehluka ngonyaka.

Ezithobile kakhulu ekukhetheni kwezindawo zokuzalela. Kuhlala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi ahlukanayo, axutshwe nalawo anobuhlakani. Ingatholakala ema-birch groves anama-spruce undergrowth, nasezihlahleni ezihlanzekile zikaphayini, kanye nasehlathini ezindala ze-oki. Le nyoni ithanda izindawo ezikhanyayo, ezacile zehlathi, ezihlala zitholakala eduze kwama-glade kanye nama-glade, imidwebo kanye nemiphetho.

Imvamisa kuhlala ezindaweni ezisehlathini zezigodi zemifula, ezindaweni ezinamanzi, eduze nezidumbu zamanzi. Ikakhulu izidleke ngokuzithandela endaweni ehlala abantu (emahlathini emaphethelweni amadolobhana, eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zasehlobo), kanye nasezindaweni ezihlukene eziluhlaza zesimo sendawo yamasiko (ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa zehlathi lepaki, izikebhe ezindala zamapaki, izindawo zamathuna, ezigcawini ezincane zedolobha). Kuvame kakhulu ezindlini zasemakhaya kanye nasemadolobheni, izindawo zasemakhaya esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus kuhlala izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zamahlathi, ikhetha izindawo ezingenankangala zezimila ezinamahlathi (15.6%), imigwaqo (10,0%), imiphetho yamahlathi (20.8%), amasango amancane phakathi kwamasimu (12,7%), eceleni komgwaqo imivimbo (8.0%), izingadi namapaki (12.4%).

Esifundeni saseBrest, amasimu aqala ukukhetha isiza esidlekayo futhi akhe isidleke eminyakeni engu-2 - 3 ka-Ephreli, eminyakeni evumayo ezinsukwini ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-5 ngaphambili, eminyakeni engathandeki - cishe inani elifanayo lezinsuku kamuva.

Izilimo kwesinye isikhathi zimbhangqwana, kodwa zivame kakhulu kumakholoni amancane (ngababili abangama-10-30 lilinye), ngezikhathi ezithile zikhulu impela (kwezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi enyakatho, zifaka ngamabili ngazimbili).

Izindlovu zitholakala ezihlahleni, imvamisa emaphayini, emigqeni emisha, emifantwini, emiholweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6, endaweni yesiko - nakuma-poplars, amamephu, umowowle, umlotha, induna, lapho ukuphakama kwezidleke kuvame ukuphakama kakhulu - 6-12 m nokuningi. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus, izidleke zazivame ukutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ama-2-5 (40%) no-4-6 m (35%), okuvame kakhulu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6-8 (10%) noma ngaphezulu kuka-8 m (6.8%) . Lesi sidleke sitholakala kumfoloko wesibumbu, phakathi kwesiqu kanye negatsha eliwugqinsi, emaphethelweni esiqu, eduze kwesiqu (amafindo angama-2-3 aseduze kwesisekelo) noma buqamama kude nalo (emagatsheni avundlile).

Isidleke siyisakhiwo esikhulu esakhiwe sendebe kusuka emacembe ngonyaka ophelile kanye nesiqu sazo okusanhlamvu neziqu zezinye izitshalo ezine-herbaceous, ngesinye isikhathi ngokuhlanganiswa kweziqalo zezimbali ezingama-moss namahlamvu amancane esihlahla. Lokhu okusetshenziselwa ngaphakathi kuhlotshaniswa nomhlaba omanzi, ubumba, isilika. Ngemuva kwalokho ifakwe emgqeni ngezinto ezibuthaka kakhudlwana - ikakhulukazi amabala owomile otshani, ngezikhathi ezithile oxutshwe nemicu ye-bast. Ukuphakama kwesidleke kungama-8-15 cm, ububanzi buyi-12-23 cm, ukujula kwetreyi kungama-6,7,5 cm, ububanzi kungama-9.5-11.5 cm. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-4-6. Izinyoni ezaqala ukwakha isidleke zingasishiya ngenxa yokuqala kokuphola, bese zibuyela bese ziqedela ukwakha. Kulezi zimo, ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-10.

I-Clutch iqukethe ama-5-6, kwesinye isikhathi ama-3-4, amaqabunga amaqanda ayi-7. Isizinda esikhulu segobolondo luhlaza okotshani noma okuluhlaza okotshani. Amabala namachashaza ansundu ansundu noma ansundu, kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana ekugcineni kwe-corolla, asakazeke kakhulu eceleni kwaso. Isisindo seqanda 6.7 g, ubude 25-32 mm, ububanzi 19-23 mm.

Emkhakheni wekhampasi, imijikelezo emibili yokuzala ivezwa. Izikhathi zokuzala ezinyoni zinwetshwa cishe izinyanga eziyi-3.5. Ukuphakama okungaka kwesikhathi sokudlekwa kanye nokuvumelanisa kabi kwamachwane esikhathini sokuzalela kuchazwa ngokufakwa okungekhona kanyekanye komkhakha kumjikelezo wokuzala kanye nokuba khona kweziqu eziphindaphindwayo.

Le nyoni iqala ukuzalaniswa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli. Kodwa-ke, imibhangqwana eminingi izalela amaqanda esikhathini esiyiminyaka yesithathu ka-Ephreli kuya eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Izithombo ziphindwe kabili ngonyaka. Imifantu yesibili ivela engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Insikazi ifukamela izinsuku eziyi-13 kuya kwezingu-14, ukufakwa emzimbeni kuqala ngemuva kokuthi owesikazi abeke iqanda lokugcina. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi ugada isidleke futhi lapho isitha sisondela ngokuhlokoma okukhulu, simhlasele, sivame ukulahla indle. Ukuqandelwa okukhulu kwamachwane kwenzeka emashumini eminyaka ama-2-3 kuMeyi. Ezinsukwini ezi-2 zokuqala ngemuva kokukhishwa kwamachwane, insikazi icishe ingagxili esidlekeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uyamnakekela, njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10-15. kuletha ukudla - izikelemu ezahlukahlukene. Amantshontsho abanjiwe asesidlekeni izinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-13, lapho abazali bobabili bezondla.

Impilo yasensimini isuthisa izidleke ngama-invertebrates amancane, ngokuyinhloko ama-sunworms. Thola ukudla emhlabathini ezindaweni ezine-sparse low cover cover, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqabunga awile. Lokhu kuchaza iqiniso lokuthi iziteshi ze-nesting zitholakala eduze kwezindawo ezinomhlabathi omanzi. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, zenziwa hhayi kuphela lapho kukhuliswa izilwane ezincane, kodwa futhi ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokufika. Engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni - Julayi, abazali baletha ama-blueberries, ama-sitrobheli, njll.

Ubungako obujwayelekile bezindawo zokuzingela ezakhiwe emasimini kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokuphakela amaphuphu eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus kwakuyi-15-16 000 m–.

Ngenkathi yokondla amaphuphu, abazali baletha ukudla esidlekeni izikhathi eziyi-110-160 ngezikhathi zomsebenzi zasemini. Imvamisa abazali abondla ngayo amantshontsho iyahluka ngokuya ngobungako babo, iminyaka yabo nesikhathi sabo sosuku. Ukuqina kokudla (amahlandla ayi-12-15 ngehora) kanye nenani eliphelele lokuphakelwa ngosuku esidlekeni ngamachwane ayi-6 lafinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-8-9 zokuphila kwabo. Phansi kancane, lezi zinkomba ziqoshwe esidlekeni lapho kwakukhona amachwane amane. Ekuqaleni kokondla amachwane ngezinsuku ezingama-1-3 zokuphila kwawo, isibalo sokulethwa kwe-invertebrate esidlekeni asidluli izikhathi ezi-6,7. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa ubamba iqhaza ekondleni kwamachwane, njengoba insikazi ichitha amahora angama-40-60% esikhathi sasemini esidlekeni, ifudumeza amaphuphu.

Amachwane omjikelezo wokuqala wohlobo lokuzala aqala eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu kaMeyi - ishumi leminyaka lokuqala likaJuni. Ama-hatchlings endle ashiya izidleke zingalungiselelwe impilo yokuzimela, engakwazi ukundiza kahle, enamaphiko nomsila ongashisi, bese abantu abadala bezondla futhi bezifundisa izinsuku eziyi-10-12. Baqala ngokuphila impilo ezimele ngokuphelele eneminyaka engaba yinyanga.

Imfuhlumfuhlu yesibili yenzeka emashumini amabili eminyaka e-2-3 kaJuni, amaphuphu ashiya izidleke ngonyaka wokuqala kanye no-2 kaJulayi.

NgoJulayi, ukufuduka kwezinyoni ehlobo kwaphawulwa, lapho abantu abadala, amaphuphu amaxoxo wokuqala nowesibili aba nengxenye. Engxenyeni yesithathu kaJulayi - engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti, izinyoni ziqala ukuhlangana emihlanjini ezifudukela ezindaweni eziklaba.

Ukufuduka kwe-Autumn kwamasimu ezinkambu ezindaweni zobusika kubonwa ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Ukufuduka kwasekwindla okukhulu kwemidlalo yamasimu kwenzeka emashumini eminyaka amabili - 3 ku-Okthoba - engxenyeni yokuqala kaNovemba.

AmaBlackbirds angamelana neqhwa aze afike ku-30 ​​° С, eliwavumela ukuba uhlale ubusika lapho kunokudla ngisho nasemingceleni esenyakatho yebanga. Eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, umlotha wezintaba ubuvame ukutholakala emadolobheni nasezindaweni zasebusika, futhi kule minyaka engama-20 edlule - ezindaweni ezisezindlini zasehlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi imihlambi ezulazulayo inabantu abayikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Ikakhulu imihlambi eminingi yezinyoni eziyizisulu iqoshwa eminyakeni yesivuno esiningi somlotha wasentabeni - okuphakelayo okuyinyoni okuphambili. Amasimu wensimu ahlala ezindaweni zokudla aze adle wonke amajikijolo. Izikhathi ezinjalo ziphindwa ngokwesilinganiso kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.

Ukudla okwenziwa emasimini kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ezikhathini zonyaka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lezi zinto ezihlwabusayo zidla ikakhulukazi ukudla kwezilwane - ama-Earthworms, izinambuzane, ama-mollus amancane - ukuqoqa inyamazane emhlabathini. Kakade phakathi nehlobo, ama-blueberries, ama-cherries, ama-raspberries kanye nama-amajikijolo aqala ukudla. Ekwindla nasebusika, ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko kungumlotha osezintabeni, i-viburnum, amajikijolo ama-mistletoe, ama-juniper cones, imbewu yamaapula aqandisiwe asele ezihlahleni.

Eminyakeni lapho kuthelelwa khona umlotha omncane osentabeni, kutholakala ukuthi kuyazulazula emasimini naseziphethwini zezidumbu zamanzi lapho zifuna ukudla. Eminyakeni ethelayo yomlotha osezintabeni nezinye izithelo, izixhaxha zenani elikhulu zihlala endaweni yesifunda seBrest cishe ubusika bonke. Izinyoni zihamba esifundeni ngemuva kokuba umlotha osentabeni usuphelile. Amaqembu amancane noma abantu bavame ukuhlala kuze kube sentwasahlobo; lapho kungekho khona amajikijolo aqondile, lezi zinyoni zinamathela emaphethelweni ezinqolobane ezingenawo amaqhwa noma amapaki emadolobheni.

Inani lamasimu ase-Belarus azinzile, alinganiselwa kuma-300-500 izinkulungwane zokuzalela ngezinkulungwane. Akukho okushintshashintshayo okubukhali enanini lezinyoni eminyakeni edlule futhi kuyehluka ngokungadluli amahlandla ama-3 ubukhulu.

Isilinganiso seminyaka eyi-18 yobhaliso eYurophu yinyanga eyi-1.

1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Umbuso wezilwane waseBelarus. Ama-Vertebrates: incwadi yemibhalo. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 k.

2. Nikiforov M.E., Yotesky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Izinyoni zaseBelarus: Isikhombisi-Handbook-Iseluleko seZilimo namaqanda" Minsk, 1989. -479 k.

3. UGaiduk V. Ye., Abramova I. V. "Isayensi yezinyoni eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013.

4. UFedyushin A. V., UDolbik M. S. "Izinyoni zaseBelarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.

5. U-Abramova IV, uGaiduk V. Ye. "I-ecology of thrush yokuzalanisa (iTurdus, iTurdidae, iPasseriformes) eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus" / Izinkinga zangempela zesayensi ye-zoological eBelarus: Ukuqoqwa kwezindatshana XI Zool. Int. ngokwesayensi futhi kungokoqobo. I-Conf., Enikezwe iminyaka engu-10 yokusungulwa kweNhlangano Yezesayensi Nezokukhiqiza “Isayensi Nesebenzayo Isikhungo Sezinto Eziphilayo zeNational Academy of Science of Belarus, Belarus, Minsk. T. 1, 2017.S. 6-17

6. UFransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) KUSUKELA uhlu lwamarekhodi okuphila isikhathi eside kwezinyoni zaseYurophu.

Ukubukeka Ama-thrush amakhulu, ngaphezulu kwekhanda nesizulu kukhona okumpunga okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu kanye namaphiko ngezansi kumhlophe, emuva kun nsundu-nsundu, amaphiko nomsila kumnyama, isifuba nezinhlangothi zigcwele izigaxa ezimnyama.
Ubuqili obukhulu “tra-ra-ra-ra. ”Nesihlaka esinegama. Ukuculwa kwensimu akuwona umculo, kufana kakhulu nokwakhiwa kwendoda emhlophe egqokiwe, kepha kukhulu futhi, mhlawumbe, nangokushesha ngokwengeziwe. I-Fieldcare ayinawo amanothi aphelele wokushaya ikhwela.
Izindawo Zokuhlala. Ihlala emahlathini aqhakazile nasemapaki.
Ukudla. Idla izinyamazane zomhlaba, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane, eziqoqana emhlabathini, ziqhuma udoti.
Izindawo zokuhlola. Ekukhetheni kwezindawo ezidlekayo, impilo yasendle ayikhethi kakhulu. Ihlala ezindle emahlathini aqothulayo futhi anobuhlakani, kepha ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, eziseduzane, emaphethelweni, ekucaceni, ezigodini zemifula, nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi - ngisho nasezingadini nasemapaki.
Indawo esidlekeni. Izidleke zasendlini zihlala zodwa, kwesinye isikhathi emakoloni. Ingosi yezidleke eziningana, ehlukaniswe eduze kwenye, ingatholakala phakathi kwezihlahla ezincane zikaKhisimusi ezakha ihlathi elinamaqabunga. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala phakathi kwamagatsha amabili asondelene nesiqu esikhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ngemfoloko emagatsheni, kuyaqabukela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6,6, kuvame ukuba yi-2-3 m ukusuka emhlabathini.
Izidleke zokwakha. Isidleke senziwa ngeziqu zazo ezomile zotshani. Amaphethelo nesisekelo sawo kugqinsiwe ngokuqinile ngumhlabathi. Imfucumfucu engaphakathi ithambile, yenziwe ngemicu yezinkuni ezihlanganisiwe neziqu.
Ukwakheka nobukhulu besokisi. Isidleke esinjengendebe. Ukwakhiwa kukhulu kunalokho okwenziwa yingoma kanye nokukhonjiswa okumhlophe, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kunesaka. Ububanzi besokhethi yi-130-200 mm, ukuphakama kwesokhethi kungama-90-180 mm, ububanzi bethreyi buyi-100-120 mm, ukujula kodoti kungama-60-70 mm, obukhulu obudongeni buyi-20-30 mm, ubukhulu obungaphansi buyi-20-40 mm.
Izici zokubumbana. I-Clutch engu-5-6, kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda angama-7 aluhlaza okotshani anamachashazi obomvu obukhulu. Osayizi beqanda: (26-32) x (19-24) mm.
Izinsuku zokugcina. Ukufika kuqala ekuseni, kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngo-Ephreli, izinyoni zakha izidleke, kanti engxenyeni yesibili yale nyanga ziqala ukufaka amaqanda. Engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, amaphuphu aqala ukuvela, futhi ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ukusuka kwawo ngobuningi izidleke kwenzeka. NgoJuni, izinkundla zensimu ziqala ukugcwala kwesibili, inani lamaqanda okungajwayelekile ngaphezu kwe-4.Zindiza zihamba sekwephuzile, ngoNovemba, futhi nangesikhathi seminyaka yokuvuna, imihlambi ngayinye ihamba ngomgwaqo ophakathi kuze kube nguDisemba ngisho noJanuwari.
Ukusatshalaliswa. Isatshalaliswa isuka emngceleni osentshonalanga yeRussia iye empumalanga iye emifuleni ye-Aldan neVitim, kanye naseSakhalin kulo lonke leli hlathi kanye neendawo ezinamahlathi, futhi kwezinye izindawo ingena kwi-tundra eseningizimu.
Ubusika. Ebusika, ihambahamba ikakhulukazi eningizimu yezwe, kule minyaka yamuva imihlambi emikhulu yamasimu ivame ubusika emapaki nasezigcawini zamadolobha engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia.

Incazelo yeButurlin. Impilo kahle kahle okuhlukile kusuka kwezinye izinto ezixutshwe ngombala onsundu-onsundu emuva nangebala elimpunga lekhanda, intamo (ngemuva) ne-nadvost. Ingaphansi lakhe libuye lagxilwa, kepha izifudumezi zigxilwe kakhulu esifubeni sokugqwala nasezinhlangothini. Ekundizeni kwenyoni ungabona izinhlangothi zombala omnyama kakhulu (uqweqwe kusuka ezinhlangothini ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene) kanye nebhodi elimhlophe lamaphiko. Ubukhulu bezinkundla zempi bukhulu ngokubonakalayo -bomvu-obomvu futhi chorister kufinyelela ubudeamasentimitha angama-25- 26. Owesilisa nowesifazane banemibala efanayo, kuyilapho abasha benemifantu emhlane wabo.
Ukusatshalaliswa umlotha wezintaba ucishe uhlangane nendawo yokuzalanisa abomvu, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni asenyakatho nasempumalanga yezwe lethu. Kepha lokhu kudamba okuningana naseningizimu, kufinyelela e-Ukraine, eLower Volga nase-Orenburg steppes. E-Asia, kutholakala eningizimu e-Altai, Sayan Range naseLake Baikal. Ekwindla, imihlambi emikhulu yomlotha wezintaba ifudukela eningizimu yendawo yokuzalela futhi ivele eningizimu yeYurophu, e-Ukraine, eCrimea, eCaucasus naseKazakhstan. Ubusika obuningi bensimu bulapha, kepha isikhathi esiningi bathuthela eningizimu eNyakatho Afrika naseAsia Minor.
I-Autumn iyazula Lezi zidubedube ezinkulu zihlobene eduze nokuvunwa kwamajikijolo asendle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezwe. Lapho usuqedile ukuthola izidleke, umlotha wentaba uqoqa amaphakethe futhi ushintshe ngokuphelele ukudla okusajingijolo. Okokuqala bona ukondla ama-sitrobheli asendle nama-blueberries, bese kuba yi-cranberry, cranberry (enyakatho), futhi ngokuvuthwa komlotha wentaba bakhethwa ngaphezu kwawo wonke amajikijolo, zithethelela igama lawo elihle.
Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ama-broodffish okondla angabonakala emahlathini asehlathini, emaphethelweni ezinkungu nasemaphepheni, lapho izinyoni zigxuma futhi zigcwele otshanini noma ku-moss. Ngaphezu kwamajikijolo, athola lapha iminenke, izibungu nezinambuzane. Imisipha ephazamisekile iphakamisa amakhanda ayo phezulu ngaphezu kotshani, ibuke bese igobeka ngaphandle kokuxineka, idonsa umsila wayo futhi ikhulume ukujuluka okujerky. Okwamanje, ungaba nesikhathi sokucabanga ngemibala yabo futhi uthole ukuthi usebenzelana nobani.
Lokhu kukhanga kujwayele ngokungajwayelekile kumajikijolo ama-rowan, futhi eminyakeni yokuvuna, lapho ezinye izihlahla zilengelwa ekwindla ngamabhulashi asindayo amajikijolo akhanyayo, imihlambi emikhulu yomlotha wezintaba indiza kusukela ekuseni kuze kube yaya ezingadini zedolobha. Izinyoni ziqaphile impela, futhi, lapho sezifikile, ekuqaleni ziyathula. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi baphephile, baqala ukucindezela amajikijolo ngokuswayipha okuthambile, okubuthuntu, okushaya ibhulashi ngokushesha futhi ukuwagwinya wonke. Umhlambi ophazamisekile ungena ngokuxhamazela futhi ngesifiso esikhulu sokuqhekeka kwe- “tra-ra-ra-ra. ”Futhi umucu wokulinganisa obandayo ushabalala ngokushesha. Kepha ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa kuvela is scout esihlahleni (mhlawumbe sivela komunye umhlambi), futhi ngemuva kokuthi kwesinye isikhathi indiza isuka kulezi zinyoni ezingamatshumi amahlanu. Amajikijolo awela phambi kwamehlo ethu, futhi ekuqaleni kobusika, izihlahla eziningi sezivele zingenalutho. Ngakho-ke, ngokudla kancane kancane lokhu kugcinwa kwamahlathi anikelwe, imihlambi yezintaba ihamba iye eningizimu. Izinyoni azesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi zenzeka ngomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika ngisho nangemva kokuvela kwesembozo seqhwa. Kusuka kwamanye amajikijolo, amasimu adla ama-buckthorn, i-guelder-rose, i-elderberry, i-hawthorn, i-bilberry, i-crowberry, kanye namajikijolo afana ne-juniper, nama-olivi, ama-laurels, namajikijolo emithi yasolwandle eningizimu.
Buyela ezidlekeni zasenkampanini iqala ekuseni. Imihlambi yokuqala ezindizayo itholakala emgqeni ophakathi kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, kwesinye isikhathi amanzi, ngaphambi kokuba imifula ivule. Isikhala sokwehla singo-Ephreli. Imihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni eziyi-100-150, enezingcingo ezijikijelwayo, kwesinye isikhathi indiza impela futhi ime ukuze ondle emaphethelweni ehlathi ngamabhishi agcinele izinsalela zamajikijolo, emigodini yokuqala enqunyelwe ngisho nasezingadini. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele balambe, kepha izinyoni azikhethi ukudla ikakhulukazi futhi azidangali. Umhlambi ophumelelayo izindimbane ezine-phosphonic chorus, ezwakala kude.
Impilo isidleke njalo amakoloni, izidleke eziningana zisondelene, futhi azikhethi kakhulu ekukhetheni izindawo ezidlekayo. Azihlali emahlathini aminyene kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, eNorth North, eMurmansk, udaka lwentaba luhlala ngisho nasemngceleni wegatsha le-birch. Ebhodini lamahlathi asenyakatho aqhubekayo (ama-taiga), le nyoni ihlala eduze nemiphetho, ama-glade, izingodo kanye nezigodi zemifula, nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu - ngisho nasezivandeni nasemapaki.
AmaJacks umlotha wasentabeni mkhulu ngokugqamile kunowengoma nobhontshisi, onemiphetho egxiliwe kakhulu ngogqinsi naphansi futhi enohlu lwangaphakathi oluthambile lwebunzi kanye nesigaxa. Imvamisa zitholakala ephakeme kunezidleke zeziqeshana ezincane ezichaziwe (amamitha ayi-2-3 ukusuka emhlabathini), imvamisa phakathi kwamagatsha amabili asemuva, zisuka eduze kwesiqu esikhulu. Lesi simo sivame ikakhulukazi kumakholoni womlotha osezintabeni ezindaweni ezakhiwe nge-spruce.
Amaqanda ifana kakhulu namaqanda abomvu abomvu, nawo aluhlaza okotshani, anezinhlobo ezingama-red red brown, kodwa ezinkulu (ubude zifinyelela kumamilimitha angama-32). Isibalo esijwayelekile sazo ku-clutch singama-5-6, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kube no-7. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, izinkundla zamasimu zibhajwa kabili ehlobo, kepha elesibili - June clutch kukhona cishe amaqanda ama-4. Igama lokukhula kwamaqanda namachwane licishe lifane nezinye izinto, noma okuncane kakhulu. Bobabili abazali bafaka futhi bavikela ngesibindi isidleke namantshontsho ezitheni ngendlela ekhethekile nethintekayo: nge-chatter ebukhali ethi “ra-ra-ra. “I-Thrush iziphonsa cishe ebusweni futhi ifafaza kahle ngokweqile iziqu zetshezi. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa okunje, ngokuzithandela uzophoqeleka ukuthi ashiye phansi, inja kwesinye isikhathi ibaleke, umsila umsila.

Izincazelo zezinhlobo ezithathwe ku Ukhiye wezinyoni nezidleke zezinyoni maphakathi neRussia (Bogolyubov A.S., Zhdanova O.V., Kravchenko M.V. Moscow, Ecosystem, 2006).

Izinto zethu ze-copyright zokwenziwa ku-ornithology nezinyoni zaseRussia:
Kwethu ngamanani angewona awokuthengisa (ngezindleko zokukhiqiza)
kungaba ukuthola ukulandela izinto zokufundisa ku-ornithology nezinyoni zaseRussia:

Isikhombi (se-PC-Windows) sikhombi esiqukethe izincazelo kanye nemifanekiso yezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-206 (imidwebo yezinyoni, ama-silhouette, izidleke, amaqanda namazwi), kanye nohlelo lwekhompyutha lokuhlonza izinyoni ezihlangene nemvelo.
isicelo sama-smartphones e-Android namathebulethi (ungayithenga esitolo se-Google Play),
Izicelo ze-iPhone ne-iPad:, (zazo zonke zingalandwa ku-AppStore),
okokuhlonza inkambu yephakeji,
amatafula wokuhlonza imibala,
ukuhlonza izincwadi zochungechunge oluthi "Encyclopedia of Nature of Russia":,
Ama-MP3 discs anama-bird bird (izingoma, ukukhala, izingcingo):