Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Buryatia
UMnyango Wezemfundo Wesifunda i-MKU
MBOU "Taksimov secondary school school3"
Kuqediwe ngu: Kolmakova Victoria
umfundi 2 "B" grade
Ikhanda: URadnaeva I.V.
Izikhova ziyizinyoni zakudala okuye kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka kube uphawu lokuhlakanipha kubantu. Izikhova zazihlale zimangaza abantu ngokungajwayelekile nezimpawu zazo.
Ngiyasithanda impela isikhova! Igqamile, i-motley enamehlo amakhulu isikhova. Akusona isimangaliso? Ngiyayithanda le nyoni ngemikhuba yayo engajwayelekile, nomqondo ohlukile kwezinye izinyoni!
Ngiyazibuza ukuthi ngabe sazi ngokwanele yini ngale nyoni engaqondakali - isikhova.
Inhloso yomsebenzi: ukutadisha ngendlela yokuphila nezici zezikhova.
- Ukutadisha izincwadi ngesihloko
- Yethula imininingwane etholakala kulabo ofunda nabo.
Ukufeza inhloso, kwafundwa izincwadi eziphathelene nezinyoni, kwasetshenziswa izinsiza ze-Intanethi. Lo msebenzi uqukethe izingxenye eziningana lapho kufundwa khona izikhova ezihlala endaweni yezwe lethu.
Izikhova zikhona emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60. Ziyizinyoni ezithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-220 ezinkulu nezincane. Ukuhlelwa kwezikhova kuhlukaniswe yimindeni emi-2: umndeni wezikhova nezikhova zangempela.
Izikhova zingaba zincane futhi zikhulu kakhulu. Isikhova esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni isikhova sokhozi sase-Yuria, amaphiko ale nyoni afinyelela ku-190 cm, ukuphakama kube ngu-75 cm, nesisindo somzimba singama-kg. 40 cm, isisindo somzimba - 80 g.
Izici ze-anatomical
Izikhova ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi, ukubukeka nombala, kepha zonke zinento eyodwa efanayo: amandla okuguqula amakhanda abo abe ngama-270 degrees.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala esibonwa esikhohlokweni siyikhanda laso elikhulu nesigaxa esinamehlo amakhulu ayindilinga abheke phambili, esizungezwe yi-disc yangaphambili.
Uqhwaku lufushane futhi lugobile. Ikhanda liyakwazi ukuhamba, isikhova sikwazi ukuguqula ikhanda libuye, ukuze insimu yaso yombono ikhule ifinyelele kuma-degree angama-360, bese ijikisa umqhele phansi.
Amehlo ezikhova makhulu kakhulu futhi abheke phambili. Umhlaba wezikhova ubonakala umnyama futhi umhlophe. Ngisho nokukhanya okuphansi ebusuku, izikhova ziyakwazi ukubona igundane elicashe otshanini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazibonela kude.
Kokubili umbono nokuzwa kwezikhova kucashile ngokweqile. Ukuzwa isikhova kuzwela izikhathi ezingama-50 kunokuzwa komuntu. Inquma kalula ukuthi izindwani, imisindo zenziwa kanjani nokuthi zingobani.
Izikhova zinamaphiko anezimpaphe ezinde, umsila umfushane, uyindilinga, wonke umzimba umbozwe ngethafa elingenalutho, nelithambile. Ngenxa yalokhu, bandiza buthule. Izisulu azizwa indlela yazo futhi ukuzingela kuhlala kuphumelela. Izikhova zinakekela izimpaphe zazo futhi zibageza njalo emvuleni, zishaya emoyeni, noma zigeze esihlabathini, njengoba kwenza zonke izinyoni.
I-plumage iyivelakancane futhi ithambile, izimpaphe zomuntu ngamunye zikhulu, zizungezwe emaphethelweni. Izimpaphe ezinovalo zamaphiko ebanzi zibanzi, zizungezwe emaphethelweni futhi zigobile zibheke emzimbeni. Izimpaphe zomsila omsila omfushane nazo zigobile. Imilenze ivame ukubekwa izisekelo zezihlakala. Imikhondo ebukhali, emide yazo igobile ngokunamandla.
Iningi lezikhova zipendiwe ngemuva elinsundu noma elimdaka, elinamabala amnyama, imivimbo kanye nemoto. Umbala wesikhova uhlala uvumelana nesizinda esiseduze futhi uzifihla ngokuphelele kusihlwa.
Izinsikazi, njengomthetho, zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa, kepha umbala wezimpaphe zazo ucishe ufane. Kuliqiniso, ku-owl polar, abesilisa bahlukahluka ngamapulangwe amhlophe qhwa, futhi kubangane babo kunemisinga ebonakala nsundu.
Ukuzingela kuqala kusihlwa sokuqala. Akahlali ezihlahleni, uchitha usuku emhlabeni. Indiza ihamba ngokukhululeka, ihamba, ngaphezu komhlaba uqobo. Isikhova sibheka inyamazane ezindizayo noma silala kuyo, sihleli emagatsheni esihlahla. Indiza ihamba kancane, ithule, imvamisa iphansi ngenhla komhlaba.
Ukuzwa okunomsindo kanye namandla okuhlala ethule kwenza izikhova ezizingela kahle kakhulu.
Ukuziphatha nokudla
Izikhova eziningi ziyizinyoni zangempela zasebusuku, kodwa ezinye zazo izikhova zizingela ntambama ebusuku.
Indiza yezikhova ithulile futhi ibavumela ukuba bandize buthule ezinyangeni.
Izikhova zidla izinambuzane, izinduku, izinyoni ezincane, ama-squirrels, ama-chipmunks, izinhlanzi. Isisulu esithunjiweyo siklanywe ngemichilo ebukhali. Isisulu esikhulu sihlukaniswa ngumlomo, kanti inyamazane encane iyagwinywa. Konke abangakwazi ukukugaya ama-burps ngendlela yezinhlama.
Izikhova zingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi izinyanga, ziqede ukoma kwazo ngegazi lezisulu zazo. Kepha ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhethekile, abaziphathi kanjalo. Badinga amanzi, futhi hhayi kuphela ukuphuza, kodwa futhi nokubhukuda.
Habitat
Izikhova zixazululwa emhlabeni wonke, zitholakala yonke indawo: ogwini lolwandle, nasezintabeni, nasehlane, nasezitebhisini, futhi nasemizini. Iningi lezikhova zigcinwa emahlathini noma ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, ukubhukuda.
Izindlebe zenziwa emigodini yezihlahla ezindala, phansi, emifantweni yamatshe. Beka amaqanda afinyelela kwayi-6 esidlekeni. Insikazi ihlala emaqanda izinsuku ezingama-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa umlethela ukudla. Izikhova zizalwa ziyimpumputhe futhi ziyisithulu. Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, amachwane ayahlakuka esidlekeni ahlole yonke indawo ezungezile. Abazali bezikhova zabo babahlukanisa ngezwi.
Mhlawumbe kunzima ukuthola izinyoni ezimangalisa futhi ezingavamile njengezikhova. Ngobuntu babo obujwayelekile, bahlala eduze komuntu kusuka esikhathini sakudala, kepha bahlala bemfihlakalo kubantu. Hhayi izinganekwane nezinkolelo eziningi ezingaka ezihlotshaniswa nezinyoni ngokungathi nezikhova. Kubantu abaningi, isikhova siwuphawu lokuvikelwa kwaphezulu, umlingo. Kukholelwa ukuthi isikhova siwuphawu lobuhlakani, ingqondo eyingqayizivele, yingakho i-kristall owl iwuphawu lweqembu labachwepheshe "Yini? Kuphi? Nini?". Izikhumbuzo ezibonisa izikhova zihlala zithandwa.
Izikhova zitholakala emisebenzini eminingi yokubhala, imisebenzi yobuciko. Ilogo ye-owl ibilokhu iyinkomba yokuhlakanipha. Ngisho naseGrisi yasendulo, lezi zinyoni zazihlonishwa, futhi ngisho nonkulunkulukazi u-Athena uqobo wayevezwa ngesikhova ehlombe. Kuze kube manje, lezi zithombe zezikhova zingabonakala ezinhlamvwini zamaGreek.
Ngaphezu kokubaluleka kwamasiko, izikhova zazisetshenziswa ngabantu bezemidlalo.
Ukutadisha izincwadi eziphathelene nesikhova, ngifunde izinto eziningi ezihehayo. Esifundweni esivela ezweni langaphandle, ngatshela engangifunda nabo ngale nyoni enhle kangaka. Ngithole amaphazili amaningi, izaga, izinganekwane nezinsumansumane mayelana nesikhova. Esifundweni semfundo yokuzivocavoca, wanikeza umdlalo mayelana nesikhova, sawuthanda impela.
Izimfihlakalo mayelana nesikhova
Ukwesaba ilanga elikhanyayo.
Ebusuku - le nyoni ingumhlaseli.
Ngokuhlakanipha igundwane lizothola otshanini.
Sikhuluma nge (Owl).
Ebusuku ubona kungathi emini.
Sizolala:
Akukuhle - kunamahlebezi.
Ubani igama lale nyoni? . (Owl)!
Ulala emini, uyandiza ebusuku,
Kuyesabisa, kusabisa abantu.
Ebumnyameni, amehlo ayavutha
Kuwo wonke amagundane kuduma izulu (Owl).
"Hawu, wow, wow, ubusuku obanjani!"
Gijimani igundane lakho!
Ngiyabona, ngizwa ebumnyameni -
Ukudla kugcwele yonke indawo! ”
Inyoni ijika ikhanda
Ubona nangemva kwakhe
Njengososo, amehlo amabili ...
Lesi sidlwengu (Owl).
Kubonakala ebusuku.
Sizohlangana kuphi naye? -
Uhleli esicansini ehlathini
Ukuqapha kwamagundane aqatha.
Kunamahemuhemu ngaye -
Ungalali. . (Owl)
Inyoni: Izindlebe Esiqongweni Sekhanda
Nekhanda elikhulu.
Ukubukeka okuthukuthele, umlomo onamandla,
Ubani igama lakhe? (Owl)
Ikhala leCrochet, amehlo amakhulu
Nekhanda elikhulu.
Nginqume ebusuku ebumnyameni
Ukuzingela .. (Owl)
Umdlalo wezingane wabantu waseGuinea
Imithetho yomdlalo:
Kungcono ukudlala ekwindla lapho kunamaqabunga amaningi ewile ehlathini.
Ingane eyodwa iyisikhova, ihlala phansi ku-squat, kanti ezinye ziyizigundane, zimgeza ngamaqabunga.
Izingane zigijima kule nqwaba futhi zibambe isikhova, esivuka bese siqala ukuhamba.
Kungazelelwe isikhova siphuma ngaphandle kwenqwaba yamaqabunga, kumemeza "yep-yep" futhi kubambe amagundane.
Lowo ambambile iba yisikhova esilandelayo.
Izaga namazwi mayelana nesikhova.
- Isikhova esikhova akuyona isivikelo.
- Okungenani indizela ezulwini, kodwa sonke isikhova akufanele kube yi-falcon.
- Yazi i-falcon ngendiza, isikhova ngokukhuphuka.
- Ukuthi isikhova sithini ngesigaxa, ukukhahlela okuphathelene nesikhova, nakho konke okuyisikhova.
- Isikhova sindiza sisuka edolobhaneni elibomvu, isikhova sakhiwe ezigxotsheni ezine.
- U-Owl wazidla yena. Yazi isikhova ngokundiza.
- Isikhova ngeke senze okuhle. Isikhova singumfelokazi ompofu.
- Isikhova esiseduze kwendlu sikhala kumntwana osanda kuzalwa.
- Kubukeka njengesikhova, namehlo aqabulayo.
- Owl ama, umyeni-nomyeni kamndlunkulu.
- Isikhova siyowa othandweni, kangcono kune-Falcon ekhanyayo. Isikhova (impungushe) silele, kepha izinkukhu ziyabona.
- Isikhova ngesikhova, futhi wonke umuntu ngaye (uyanakekela).
Ngidabukile ukucabanga ngesikhova
Ngiphila kabi kakhulu:
Angisiye umngani nesikhova; ngihamba nami uqobo
Futhi kuzizwa kanjani lapho ehlathini
Ngezibuko ekhaleni lakudala
Egatsheni, linda ilanga, kanti izikhova zilele?
Undiza kimi, owl, esigangeni, lapho kukhona khona utshani obuthambile,
Ngabe ufuna ukuzithela phezu komfula?
- Shayela ize! Manje sekusele izikhova ezimbalwa
Isikhova siyinyoni yasehlathini, sesaba abantu.
Kepha angikholwa, ngibiza isikhova sami esaziwa ngokuthi yi-owlectacled.
Mina ngokwami ngigqoke izibuko, ngeke ngifihle, ngizokwenza ubungani nesikhova! (M. Yasnov)
Inyoni enobuhlakani kunabo bonke emhlabeni iyisikhova.
Uzwa konke, kepha uqinise kakhulu ngamazwi.
Lapho ezwa kakhulu, uyakhuluma kancane.
Ah, abaningi bethu bayaphuthelwa lokhu!
Isikhova sigcwele izinkathazo
Musa ukhula engadini.
Kuzofanele ayeke manje
Futhi vula umgodi,
Kepha izikhova ezincane ezingama-rascal
Wonke umuntu wayephethe amabhodwe angcolile
Izimpiko, amazolo afakiwe
Embizeni, igundane lafundiswa ukubhukuda.
Owl ngokumemeza okukhulu
“Ukuphaphama nje kwekhanda!
Yini ngikweluleka
Kusasa ekuseni enkulisa? "
(N. Golovko)
Ntambama emagatsheni e-shaggy pine,
Eduze kwesiqu
Njengekholomu enamakhanda
Isikhova esizwelayo siyaconsa.
Ngamehlo e-orange *
Izimpunga zamashiya zizovala
"Izindlebe" ziyisikhalo eside,
Ukulinda ubusuku ngesineke.
Tells About The OWL
Inganekwane kaBuryat "Kungani Owl Shaggy"
Ezikhathini zasendulo, endaweni yethu bekulokhu kukhona ihlobo. Kwabe sekufika amakhaza, izinyoni zaqala ukubanda. Banqume ukuthumela isikhova beyofuna umhlaba ofudumele. Owl wandiza isikhathi eside, kwathi lapho ebuya wathi:
- Akukho miphetho efudumele noma kuphi. Yonke indawo umhlaba ugcwele iqhwa.
Izinyoni zazicasukile, zihlakazekile, zicabanga ukuthi zingaba kanjani. Futhi le nhlangano yandiza yahlaselwa isifo sesikhova futhi yezwa ingxoxo yayo nomndeni wayo:
"Ngithole izindawo ezifudumele." Kukhona okuphakelayo okuningi. Sonke sidinga ukuthunga izingubo zoboya, kuzobanda kakhulu endleleni. Futhi baqhubeke bahlale ...
Le nhlangano yatshela wonke umuntu ngalokho ezikuzwile, izinyoni zasukuma ngokushesha zindiza. Kepha abaphathanga isikhova. Waqhubeka ebusika enyakatho egqoke izingubo zoboya. Base bekhula baba kuye. Ngoba kuyisikhova ne-shaggy. Futhi izinyoni azisithandi isikhova kusukela ngaleso sikhathi futhi zijaha wonke umhlambi.
"Owl" Vitaliy Valentinovich Bianchi
Indoda endala ihleli, iphuza itiye. Akaphuzi engenalutho, uphuca ubisi. Owl iyandiza edlule.
Uthi: “Kuhle, mngani!” Futhi Indoda endala kuye:
“Wena, Owl,” ikhanda elilahlekile, izindlebe zilayishiwe, nekhala eliklwebekile. Uzingcwaba elangeni, abantu bayazigwema - ngingumngane onjani?
“Kulungile,” kusho yena, “mdala!” Ngeke ngindize ebusuku kuwe emqashweni ukubamba amagundane, ngiyazibamba ngokwami. Futhi Indoda endala:
- Ucabanga okufanele ukwesabise! Kuvuza ngenkathi kuphephile.
Owl wandizela kude, wagibela esihlahleni se-oki, akahambi endiza esuka lapho.
Ubusuku bufikile. Ebhishi elidala, amagundane emigqonyeni yempempe avele akhale:
"Bheka, ugogo, akuyona eyakho Owl indiza - inhloko ephelelwe yithemba, izindlebe zinamathela, zikhale izindlebe?"
Igundane lempendulo liyaphendula:
- Ungaziboni Izikhova, ungezwa Izikhova. Namuhla, sisemkhathini we-meadow, manje sesisesigabeni.
Amagundane asuka embobeni, amagundane abaleka edwaleni.
Futhi i-Owl evela emgodini:
- Ho-ho-ho, Indoda endala! Bheka, akunandaba ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube kubi: amagundane, asho, ayezingela.
“Bayeke bahambe,” kusho uMdala. - Tea, amagundane akuzona izimpisi, ngeke babulale izithole.
Amagundane azulazula edwaleni, izimbungulu zifuna, zigaya umhlabathi, izimbungulu ziyabanjwa.
Futhi i-Owl evela emgodini:
- Ho-ho-ho, Indoda endala! Bheka, akunandaba ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube kubi kakhulu: zonke izimbungulu zakho zihlakazekile.
“Bayidedele,” kusho uMdala. - Kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwazo: akukho uju, noma i-wax - iziqubu kuphela.
Isigaxa simi emafutheni, ikhanda laso linamathele emhlabathini, nama-buumbz buzz, indiza ibaleke edwaleni, ingabuki i-clover, ungagqoki impova kusuka ezimbalini kuya ezimbalini.
Futhi i-Owl evela emgodini:
- Ho-ho-ho, Indoda endala! Bheka, noma ngabe kubuye kwaba kubi kangakanani: bekungeke kudingeke ukuthi uwudlulise impova usuka ezimbalini uzenzele izimbali.
“Umoya uzowushaya,” kusho uMdala, azikhuze ngemuva kwekhanda lakhe.
Esithombeni umoya uhamba, impova ifafaza emhlabathini. Impova ayiweli kusuka ezimbalini kuya kwenye yezimbali, - i-clover esakhiweni ngeke izalwe, lokhu akufani nokuthandwa yiNdoda endala.
Futhi i-Owl evela emgodini:
- Ho-ho-ho, Indoda endala! Inkomo yakho moos, icela i-clover, - yezwa, utshani, ngaphandle kwe-clover, lelo phalishi ngaphandle kawoyela.
Indoda endala ithule, ayisho lutho.
Inkomo yayiphilile nge-clover, inkomo yaqala ukuzizwa inciphile, yaqala ukwehlisa ubisi, swipes ilele, nobisi lunciphile futhi lunciphile.
Futhi i-Owl evela emgodini:
- Ho-ho-ho, Indoda endala! Ngithe kuwe: woza ungikhothamele.
Indoda endala iyathuka, kodwa le nto ayigcwele gazi. Isikhova sihlala esihlahleni se-oki, asibambi amagundane.
Amagundane azulazula edwaleni, izidleke ze-bumblebee zifunani. Izimbungulu zihamba ngezinyawo zabanye abantu, kepha azibheki ngisho nabantu abadala abasedangeni.
I-Clover esegangeni ayizalwa. Inkomo ngaphandle kwe-clover inesikhumba. Inkomo inobisi oluncane. Ngakho-ke ikhehla lalingenalutho lokuhlanza itiye.
Kwakungekho lutho lweNdoda endala yokuhlanza itiye - khothamela i-Owl:
- Uqinisile, uSovushka uyintombazane enempilo, angisize ekuhluphekeni: kwakungekho lutho kimi, oludala, ukwenza itiye.
Futhi i-Owl evela emgodini ngamehlo e-loop-loop, ngemichilo yesimungulu.
Uthi: “Kunjalo, mdala.” Ngobungani hhayi ngokweqile, kodwa okungenani ulahle. Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi kulula kimi ngaphandle kwamagundane akho?
Uxolele Owl weNdoda endala, wakhuphuka ngaphandle kwegobongo, wandizela endizeni eyokubamba amagundane. Amagundane afihle ngokwesaba ngemisele.
Izimbungulu ezazigcwele edwaleni, zaqala ukundiza kusuka ezimbalini kuya ezimbalini. I-clover ebomvu yaqala ukuthulula embonini. Inkomo yahamba yaya kohlwaya edwaleni le-clover. Inkomo inobisi oluningi. INdoda endala yaqala ukwenza mhlophe itiye lobisi, yenziwa mhlophe itiye - Ukudumisa Owl, ukubiza izivakashi zakhe, ukuhlonipha.
IZIMBALI NGOKWE-OWL
I-OWL: IZIMPAWU NEMISEBENZI.
Izikhova mhlawumbe zingezezinyoni ezingaqondakali kakhulu nezingaqondakali. Ukuphila ebusuku okucashile, ukubukeka “okunobuhlakani,” indiza engeneme, izwi elethusayo lafika emcabangweni womuntu. Izikhova zahlonishwa, zanikezelwa konkulunkulu namaqhawe, zaba uphawu lokuhlakanipha. Ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni eziningi, izikhova zisebenza njengabeluleki, izinyoni eziqondayo, izithunywa, abathwali bolwazi olungajwayelekile. AmaSlav abona isikhova njengendima yokuqapha umcebo ongaphansi komhlaba.
Isikhathi eside, isikhova sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuhlakanipha nolwazi. Phakathi kwamaGrikhi asendulo, wayeyinyoni engcwele kankulunkulukazi u-Athena (okungukuthi, isikhova sendlu). Ngokwenye yamasiko obuKhrestu, isikhova sifanekisela ukuhlakanipha kukaKristu, okuzibonakalisa ebumnyameni obukhulu.
Kwakukholelwa ukuthi izikhova ngokwazo zinamandla angatholakali kwezinye izilwane. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ukuthi babengabalingani abahlanganisi nabathakathi. Ngakho-ke, umfelokazi uMerlin, umlingiswa wezinganekwane zeKing Arthur, wayehlala evezwa ngesikhova ehlombe lakhe. Ezizweni eziningi zase-Afrika, isikhova sibuye sibhekwe njengenyoni yabathakathi nabathakathi. KuLorraine, izintombi ezindala ziye ehlathini zacela isikhova ukuthi zithole umyeni.
Isikhova mhlawumbe “singumbhuli” odume kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinyoni. Futhi akavezi okubi, njengoba kuvame ukukholwa. EFrance, babekholelwa ukuthi uma owesifazane okhulelwe ezwa ukukhala kwesikhova, uzobeletha intombazane. Izakhamizi zaseNingizimu India, sezizwile "ikhonsathi" yesikhova, zabala inani lokukhala. Uma umuntu efanekisela ukufa okuzayo, khona-ke amabili - impumelelo odabeni oluzosungulwa maduze, abathathu - othile emndenini ushada, amahlanu - umuntu ulinde uhambo, ayisithupha - kufanele ulinde izivakashi, njll.
Emasikweni ezizwe eziningi zamaNdiya aseMelika, isikhova senziwe samuntu ulwazi olungaphezu kwemvelo, isiprofetho namandla omlingo. Wayewuphawu lokuvikelwa phakathi kukaPowni, e-Ojibwe - efanekisela isikhundla esiphakeme sabaholi bokomoya balesi sizwe, ePueblo - esihambisana nobunkulunkulu bokuzala. ULenapi wayekholelwa ukuthi isikhova esabonwa ephusheni saba umoya wokugada umuntu.
KumaNdiya, abakwaZuni bakamama babeka izimpaphe zesikhova eduze kwengane ukwenza kube lula ukuthi alale. EDakota, isikhova sonogwaja sasibhekwa njengomoya wokugada wamasosha anamandla. Esizweni seYakama, isikhova sasiba yi-totem. AmaNdiya angamaHopi ayekholelwa ukuthi isikhova sonogwaja, okuwunkulunkulu wasendaweni engaphansi komhlaba, sinakekela zonke izinto ezingaphansi komhlaba, kufaka phakathi amahlumela ezitshalo. Ngokusho kwabo, isikhova sokhozi iVirginian sisize ukukhulisa izithelo. AmaNdiya aseKwakiutl ayekholelwa ukuthi izikhova yimiphefumulo yabantu. Uma ubulala isikhova, uyakufa owakhe umphefumulo. Izikhova ezihlonishwa kakhulu iTlingit. Amaqhawe abo agijimela empini, ekhala njengesikhova. UNevukes wayekholelwa ukuthi abantu abanesibindi nabanobuhle ngemuva kokufa baba ngamadlelane nabo.Ukuhlonipha amaInca kubonga ngamehlo abo amahle.
Isikhova sikhonzwa ngabakwa-Iroquois. AmaNdiya aseCalifornia akholelwa ukuthi isikhova singunkulunkulu futhi sigcina izihlahla ezinkulu. Ezinganekwaneni zabanye abantu baseCentral America, uWhitaka ungowesifazane okhangayo, ongumvikeli wokuzala kwabesifazane nokuzala insimu. Ngokuzizwa kwakhe ngokweqile nemikhosi edakiwe, onkulunkulu baphenduka uWhitaka waba isikhova.
EPeru, kunezithombe zommese wokuhlatshwa ngokwesimo senyanga ecrescent, lapho ungabona khona unkulunkulu ngoqhwaku lwesikhova noma isikhova. Ngakho-ke, uphawu lwesikhova noma ukhozi luhlotshaniswa nokufa nesisulu.
Ngokwesiko lamaGrikhi namaRoma, isikhova sasifanekisela ukuhlakanipha futhi singumlingani kanye nesici sikankulunkulukazi u-Athena (Minerva). I-Owl Athen - inyoni yasebusuku, inyoni yobumnyama namahlathi. Isikhova sitholakala njengophawu lwezibalo ezingokomfanekiso zoBusuku nokulala. Enye yezimbangi ezihambisana nesikhova - i-Atropos ("engenakugwenywa"), iphazamisa intambo yempilo.
Kwisiko lase-Atheneya kuvela isikhova esihlakaniphile sezinganekwane zaseYurophu, futhi isikhova esihleli esitafuleni sezincwadi siyinkomba yokubonisa ukuhlakanipha.
"I-Snow Ugogo" ovela emndenini wesikhova
Izakhamizi ezisezifundeni ezisenyakatho zibiza i-owl emhlophe noma ye-polar ngokuthi "inyanga", kanye nezinye izinyoni ezinamabala amaningi, nama-Yakuts - "ugogo weqhwa". Umbala wenyoni (imibala ekhanyayo enamabala amancane amnyama) usebenza njengohlobo lokufihla.
Ngakho-ke, endaweni ye-tundra, ingazingela ngokukhululeka futhi indize isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye. Isikhova sikhipha umlomo omnyama ngamehlo aphuzi aqhakazile.
Isikhova esimhlophe sivamile e-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika, eziqhingini ezise-Arctic Ocean. Lezi zinyoni ezihlala zimile futhi zihlala eGreenland. Bathuthela kwezinye izindawo (ngokungahambanga), lapho ungathola khona ukudla okwengeziwe noma uhlale isikhathi esidlekeni.
Abamele lolu hlobo lwenyoni yezinyamazane badla ikakhulu kumagundane nakulimu. Futhi ekudleni kwabo kufaka okunye okuphangiwe: ama hares, amadada, inhlanzi. Bazingela ngokuhlasela igundane elisondelayo noma inyoni encane kusuka endaweni ephakeme emhlabathini. Isikhathi sokulandela inyamazane ngokuvamile siba kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu. Isikhova esimhlophe sibhalwe encwadini ebomvu.
"I-Twilight" bird evela emahlathini asenyakatho nentshonalanga Melika
Isikhova saseNtshonalanga sibizwa ngenye indlela: i-kennicotta (ukuhlonipha i-Naturalist evela eMelika), ngesiphundu, kusihlwa noma ngophondo oluncane. Ihlala emahlathini ahlala eqinile futhi aqobayo asenyakatho Melika, ahlela izidleke ezihlahleni zezihlahla. Iphila impilo yokuhlala isikhathi eside.
Izikhova ezinde ezibukeka njengezikhova. Enye yezinto ngenxa yokuthi abameli balezi zinyoni ezidliwayo bathola igama ukungabi bikho kwezimpaphe zezimpaphe ezifana nezindlebe.
Ngokungafani nezikhova ezikhozi, izikhova ezikhozi zingazigobisa kalula, zicashe ngesikhathi sokuzingela noma zokuvikela ezitheni zemvelo. I-iris yamehlo wombala okhanyayo we-orange (kwesinye isikhathi onombala obomvu) yaba ngesinye sezizathu zokubonakala kwezinganekwane ezesabekayo zezwe.
I-plumage yombala we-buffy isiza lezi zinyoni ngesidingo sokufihla. Izisulu (ikakhulukazi izinduku) azibanaki, zithatha izikhova zamagatsha ezihlahla noma i-Driftwood. Ukuzingela endaweni evulekile, izilwane ezidla ezinye zishintshana phakathi kokulandela inyamazane ngokulandela indawo yokukhosela enendiza yokucinga. Isikhova esinezimbali ezinde saziwa ngokubaluleka kwaso kwezomnotho, ngoba sidla izinambuzane zezilimo.
Inyoni yasebusuku yezinyamazane ku- "izibuko"
Isikhova esibabazekayo siyinyoni ehlala phansi edla inyama ehlala emahlathini amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo. Iyasebenza ebusuku, isebenzisa izinduku ezincane, izinyoni, izinambuzane. Uzingela inyamazane ekhaveni. Ngemuva kokulinda umzuzu ofanele, ugijimela phansi kwisisulu sakhe.
Abamele izikhova ezi-neotropical zingabonakala ngombala omhlophe wezimpaphe ezizungeze amehlo. Ebantwini abasha, “izibuko” zimnyama ngombala, nezinsiba sesizulu simhlophe qhwa. Eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kombala we-feather weentsha kuzoba okufanayo nakubantu abadala.
Izikhova ezingenajikijolo zihlala, ikakhulukazi emigodini yezihlahla. Amaqanda kuphela aqandusela amaqanda, kuthi owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi anakekele ukudla kwakhe. Amachwane akhombisa ukuzimela esenamasonto ayisihlanu, kepha abantu abadala bawalethela ukudla cishe inyanga.
Indlela yokuphila yaseVirginia Owl
IVirginia owl endle itholakala kuphela eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Amapheya ayo aphethwe ngamathoni abomvu, ampunga, amnyama. Ungabona umuntu omele le zinhlobo ngokuthi “izindlebe” noma “izimpondo” ezakha izinqwaba zezimpaphe ekhanda.
Lezi zinyoni zizizwa zikhululekile emahlathini nasezixhaphozini, ezindaweni ezivulekile nomhlaba wezolimo. Bahlukaniswa umlingisi onolaka futhi ongalindeleki (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudlekwa). Omunye umhlaseli (i-hawk, igwababa) ungadala ingozi kubo, kubandakanya inyoni yohlobo olufanayo.
Inani lesikhova se-Virginian ukhozi lemisebenzi yabantu liyamangaza. Baqothula izinduku, ezithinta kahle inani lezilimo emapulazini.
Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuzingela izikhova zezinkomo zasendle, okuthe nazo zavimba ukuhlaselwa kwalaba bantu abadla imfuyo ezifuyweni ezigcinwe ezitolo eduze nasehlathini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ungakhohlwa ukuthi izisulu zobuntombi zingaba abangani bezinyawo ezine nezinyawo zabantu nezinkukhu.
Ngokuziphatha kwezikhova zokhozi, ukuqagela kwesimo sezulu, izinganekwane, ukucatshangwa okungaqondakali okusekelwe kwizakhiwo zamazwe ahlukene kuhlobene. Isibonelo, amaSicilian abheka ukubaluleka kokukhala kwalomhlaseli wasebusuku ozwakala eduze nokuhlala kwabantu. Uma umuntu ophila nokugula okungathi sína ehlala endlini, khona-ke isikhova sikaVirgine, singakuveza ukufa kwakhe okusondele.
Izinyamazane ezincanyana kakhulu
Isisindo sesikhova se-passerine, okuyinto encane kunazo zonke izikhova, singama-55 g kuphela (kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku-75-80 g), futhi ubude bomzimba bubalelwa ku-19 cm. Izintokazi zalolu hlobo zinkulu kunezabesilisa.
I-iris ine-tint ephuzi. Amashiya aminyene amhlophe adala ukubonakaliswa kwesimilo, ngenxa yokuthi isikhova sesibe umlingisi wezinganekwane nezinkolelo eziyimfihlakalo, kodwa futhi sibe uphawu lokuhlakanipha.
Uma uqaphele inyamazane, indiza ngokushesha nangokushesha, ihamba phakathi kwezingqinamba (amagatsha esihlahla, izihlahla). Ibamba i-rodent noma inyoni encane ukwedlula yona, bese ibuyela esidlekeni sayo. Ngenkathi efudumele, isikhova esidlulayo senza izinqolobane ebusika, ngoba ngenxa yokumboza okubandayo neqhwa ngeke sikwazi ukuzingela izinduku.
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho owesilisa ebiza izinsikazi ngokucula okukhethekile. Lapho sezithole umngane womshado, izinyoni zihlomisa isidleke esikhona sokubeka amaqanda. Ukuzingela kwawo nokunakekela amatholethi aqanjiwe kulele phezu kwezikhova, futhi amaduna awalethela ukudla. Ubaba ukhule ebukela amachwane okokuqala, ewasiza ekusizeni inyamazane futhi eqinisekisa ukuphepha.
Izici zesikhova esinentshebe
IGreat Grey Owl iyinyoni enkulu enenqwaba yemibala emnyama. Kuholela ikakhulukazi empilweni yokuhlala. Ungathola ukuthi lesi isikhova esiphambi kwakho ngokubakhona kwendawo emnyama ngaphansi kwesiqhwaga esifana nentshebe, nensimbi emhlophe entanyeni. Iziqu zezimpaphe, okuthiwa "izindlebe" noma "izimpondo" azikho.
Isikhova asisiyo kuphela uhlobo lwezikhova, kepha futhi negama elijwayelekile lezinyoni ezidla ebusuku, isidlo sabantu.
Ihlala esifundeni se-taiga kanye namahlathi aphezulu. Isikhova sifaka namagundane, kanye nezinyoni ezincane. Ihlala izidleke ezishiywe ngemuva izimbungulu noma oklebe. Ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwamaqanda nokunakekela izingane, isikhova siziphatha gadalala, sihlasela abaphikisi abangakhona, kuhlanganise nabantu.
Isisusa sokuzwa sokuzwa
UBarn Owl (ongowomndeni wesikhova sezikhova) usatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwezwekazi i- "ice". E-Russian Federation, ungabona inyoni yalolu hlobo ezimweni zemvelo esifundeni saseKaliningrad. Kulula ukubona lezinhlobo zezikhova ngesimo esenziwe inhliziyo se-disc yobuso.
Ukudla kwenyoni edla inyama kuqukethe amagundane namanye amagundane, izinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi ezinye izinyoni ezincane zingaba inyamazane.
IBarn Owl inezindlebe ezizwela kakhulu. Lesi sici senzeka ngenxa yokuhleleka kwezindlebe.
Uzosisiza kakhulu uma wabelana nge-athikili kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nokunye. Ngiyabonga ngalokho.
Bhalisela isiteshi sethu.
Funda ezinye izindaba ku-bird House.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesikhova esimangalisayo
Isikhova esimangalisayo se-Neotropic inyoni ephakathi nendawo enobude bomzimba engaba ngu-45 cm. Izinsikazi zinesisindo esingama-800 g, amaphiko angama-35 cm. Iziduna zincane - zifinyelela kuma-550 g, amaphiko angama-30 cm.
Ikhanda liyindilinga, ngaphandle "kwezindlebe". Umbala wesembozo sezimpaphe sesikhova esimangalisa ngokubabazekayo simnyama onsundu ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba, kanti esiswini simdaka ophuzi. Intamo yesikhova imhlophe futhi yenza uhlobo lwekhola, enezimpaphe ezimnyama okhalweni. Izikhova ezisencane zinomzimba omhlophe nge-disc-brown front disc.
Amehlo - amakhulu, abheke phambili, owolintshi okhanyayo. Banikezela ngombono we-stereoscopic, obalulekile ekuhloleni ibanga nombono ebumnyameni. Ama-paws nezinzwane cishe asekelwa ngokuphelele yizimpaphe ze-oymy ezinoshukela. Izipikili ziphuzi noma zimnyama. Uqhwaku olufushane ne-wax ephuzi, ene-tinge eluhlaza okotshani.
I-Spectacled Neotropic Owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata).
I-Neotropic Spectacled Owl
Isikhova esimangalisa kahle sisebenzisa izilwane ezahlukahlukene ebusuku. Ukudla kwakhe kuqukethe izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane namagundane, kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane, ama-amphibians kanye nama-arthropods asemhlabeni. Imvamisa, izikhova ziba izilwane ezidla izindwani ezisindayo kunabazingeli abanezinwele futhi ezinesisindo esingu-1.5-4 kg, njenge-inclum ne-skunk.
Isikhova esimangazayo sinemivimbo ebonakalayo ezungeze amehlo afana nengilazi.
Izinsikazi ezindala ziyakwazi ukubhekana nezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu, njengeslaza esinezinyawo ezintathu esinesisindo esingu-3.5-4,5 kg. Amakati nawo aba yisisulu salezi zikhova. Izinyoni zivame ukuthola izinambuzane emaqabungeni ezihlahla. Izikhova ezibabazekayo, lapho nje zibona inyamazane, yehla ngokushesha, bese zikhuphuka ngokushesha ngesisulu esibanjiwe bese zibuyela emakhaya.
Izikhova ezihlakazekile zivame ukuzingela ebusuku, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zithola ukudla ngezikhathi zasemini.
Izici zokuziphatha kwesikhova esimangalisa kahle
Izikhova ezibukeka kahle ze-Neotropic ziyizinyoni zodwa ezakha ngazimbili kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala. Bahola indlela yokuphila ehleliwe futhi banamathela endaweni ethile yokuzalanisa.
Izikhova ziyasebenza ebusuku, phakathi nosuku izinyoni zihlala ngokwehlukana ezihlahleni.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuvikela ikhefu ekuzingeleni, ezinye izinhlobo zezikhova ziyazingelwa endaweni yazo. Izikhova ezibukekayo zifihla phakathi kwamahlamvu aminyene ezihlahla, ezilengiswa phansi, zihlinzeke izisulu zezilwane ezinamaphiko ezinemibala, futhi zibafihle emkhakheni wokubuka izitha. Ngakho-ke, izikhova ezibukekayo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola emvelweni. Izimpaphe ezintofontofo ziqinisekisa indiza ethule ngenkathi izingela. Izikhova ezigqamile, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, okokuqala zingahlola indawo yokufunda, zincike phambili, futhi emva kokuthola inyamazane, ziyehla ziye emizini yazo.
Ukuziphatha kokuzalelana kwezikhova ezihehayo
Isikhathi sokudlekelwa kwesikhova esimangazayo siqala ukuphela kwesizini eyomile kanye nokuqala kwenkathi yemvula. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi zikhipha ukukhamuluka kwabesilisa, okufana nekhwela elinomfutho, lazisa umlingani ukuthi ukulungele ukuzala. Ukuheha insikazi ukuthi yakhe isidleke, imvamisa esihlahleni esingenalutho, owesilisa uyamphathisa. Kuze kube yilapho insikazi ithatha ukudla, owesilisa ushiywe engenantombi.
Izikhova ezingabonakali kahle zisebenzisa imbobo yesihlahla yokwakha isidleke.
Kukhona enye indlela edonsela ukunaka: umlungu onamahloni uvimbela futhi anikeze izibonakaliso zezwi ukubiza owesimame. Isikhova esibukekayo iyinyoni eyinqaba.
Owl ememeza
Isikhova sibhekwa njenge "soothsayer" edume kunazo zonke. Kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi isikhova sibonisa kuphela okubi, kepha akunjalo. ENingizimu India, babekholelwa ukuthi uma ememeza kanye, ukufa kusondela, uma amabili, inhlanhla ngabe yaqala ebhizinisini ebeliqalile, amathathu angaba ngokushada, ayisihlanu abezohamba ngezokuvakasha, ayisithupha abe ezohambela izivakashi, njll.
EFrance kunenkolelo yokuthi uma owesifazane okhulelwe ezwa ukukhala kwesikhova, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile uzoba nendodakazi. ECanada, ukukhala kokhozi kubonakalisa isimo sezulu esiseduze, kanti ukukhala kwesikhova eNgilandi kuye kwasho ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Izikhova (futhi kwesinye isikhathi isikhova esingahlukaniswa nazo) ekumeni kwabantu zifakwe ngokubukeka okuhlakaniphile okunengqondo, okunengqondo, okucabangayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi banamandla okubona ebusuku. "Izikhova, ngenxa yemvelo yazo, zibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba zigcina amawashi wazo ebusuku, futhi ngenxa yalokho kubaqaphi ababukele kanye nabanye abasesigabeni esifanayo, bangafaniswa" (Böckler, 1688). Isibonelo esingesiso esaseYurophu esishiwo lapha sithi: "INatar Khan yethula isikhova esimnyama esikhwameni sayo segolide, ngoba yona inkosi yokuqala yamaTatar, uGenghis Khan, yasindisa impilo yayo ngale nyoni."
Ngenxa yokuthi isikhova sicashe ebumnyameni futhi yesaba ukukhanya, usephenduke uphawu lukaSathane, isikhulu sobumnyama. Kuthiwa isikhova sikhohlisa ezinye izinyoni, sizifaka ngenkani kwinethiwekhi yabantu abasebenza izinyoni, njengoba nje noSathane ekhohlisa abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhova sifanekisela isizungu, futhi kungalo mqondo lapho kuvela khona ezigcawini ezibonisa ukwanda kwemithi yokuthandaza. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo bekukholelwa ukuthi isikhova siphiwe ukuhlakanipha, futhi kungale ndlela ukuthi sikhona ezithombeni zaseSt. Jerome.
Isikhova sinenye futhi incazelo, lapho sisebenza njengophawu lukaKristu, owazidela ukuze kusindiswe isintu: “Ukukhanyisela abahleli ebumnyameni nasethunzini lokufa. ”(Luka 1:79). Lokhu kuchaza ubukhona besikhova ezindaweni zokubethelwa. 
Uyayithanda i-athikili? Bhalisela isiteshi ukuze uqhubeke wazi ngezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezithakazelisa
Ukushicilelwa kwezikhova zokubukwa kwe-neotropic
Izikhova ezibhekekile zaziwa njengezidleke eziyize; azakhi izidleke njengoba kwenza izinyoni eziningi. Esikhundleni salokho, bathola imbobo yesihlahla bese beyisebenzisa njengesidleke ukuvikela amaqanda nenzalo ngesikhathi sokudalwa. Isikhova esimangazayo sibeka amaqanda amabili amhlophe, okuyinto esisebenza ngawo amasonto ama-5. Zombili lezi zinyoni zona zihlala esidlekeni ngamaqanda, kanti omunye wabazali uyofuna ukudla.
Izikhova ezincane ezisencane ziba nokuzimela eminyakeni engaba amasonto angama-5-6.
Imikhaza ikhululwa eshelwini lamaqanda isebenzisa izinyo elikhethekile leqanda. Ngemuva kwamaphunga, zivame ukuphuma esidlekeni ziyohlola amagatsha esihlahla asondelene nawo, yize namanje zingazi ukuthi zindiza kanjani. Bahlala babuyela emgodini lapho isikhathi esifanele sokudla. Izikhova ezisencane zincike kubazali bazo cishe unyaka, kuze kube yilapho zibopha ngokuphelele. Imvamisa kuphela isikhova esisodwa.
Izikhova ezincane ezimangazayo zihamba ngezigaba eziningana zokuncibilikisa, ezihlala iminyaka emi-3, kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu embozwe ngotshani abadala. Ekuthunjweni, ukunyibilika kuhlala iminyaka emi-5. Imizamo yokuqala yokundiza emoyeni izikhova ezincane yenza lapho ineminyaka emibili. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukundiza yangempela kuphela uma sekuqediwe ukuqunjelwa. Izikhova ezihehayo ziyakwazi ukuzala, zifinyelele eminyakeni engama-3-5. Endle, ziphila iminyaka engama-35, ekudingisweni okuncane - iminyaka engama-25-30.
Iqhaza lesikhohlakali esibonakalayo esimeni semvelo
Isikhova esibonakalayo se-Neotropic singabalawuli ababalulekile benani lamagundane nezinambuzane emvelweni yezemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ngokwazo zisebenza njengokudla kwezinye izinyamazane ezikhudlwana.
Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane babamba iqhaza ekukhulisweni kwamachwane, nokho, owesimame unesibopho esikhulu.
Isimo sokugada izikhova zokubuka
Isikhova esimangazayo esibukeke sibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo II, yize singekho ohlwini lwe-IUCN.
Kukhona usongo lokuncipha kwenani lezikhova ezihlasimulisayo ngenxa yokuncipha kwendawo yamahlathi ashisayo izilimo zezolimo nokukhula komkhakha wezamahlathi. Njengamanje, kwenziwa imizamo yokugcina isikhova esimangazayo.Ama-ornithologists amaningi azalela izinyoni ezithunjiwe futhi azidedele ziye endle.
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