Inyoni enkulu yezinyamazane, ukhozi lwegolide, ingeyomndeni wezinyosi nezinkozi. Umthunzi oshisayo wekhanda legolide nentamo ikuvumela ukuba uhlukanise ukhozi lwegolide kwezihlobo.
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Incazelo yokubukeka
IGolden Eagles ibona okungcono kakhulu kunomuntu onombono ophelele. Izinyoni zinamehlo amakhulu ahlala iningi lekhanda.
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Amaphiko asuka kumasentimitha angama-180 kuya kwangama-220; umuntu omdala unesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu.
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Njengamanye ama-falcon amaningi, izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu, zinesisindo esingu-1/4 - 1/3 ngaphezu kwabesilisa.
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Umbala weplamu wehluka kusuka kumnyama-onsundu kuya onsundu omnyama, ekhanda kukhona umqhele ophuzi wegolide ophuzi nape. Kukhona nezindawo ezikhanyayo ezikhiwe ngasese engxenyeni engenhla yamaphiko.
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Izinkozi ezincane zegolide ziyafana nabantu abadala, noma kunjalo, zinombala omdaka futhi omfushane. Umsila wazo unemivimbo emhlophe, kukhona ibala elimhlophe esihlangwini se-wrist, esinyamalala kancane kancane ngomshini ngamunye, kuze kube yilapho kuvela amaplamu agcwele umuntu omdala ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila. Izinkozi zegolide zinomsila wesikwele, imilenze imbozwe ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe.
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Izindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni
Izinkozi zeGolide zithanda:
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- ngezinyawo
- amathafa
- indawo evulekile
- izindawo ezingenamsebenzi.
Kepha ukuthola izidleke khetha izihlahla ezinkulu noma izintaba.
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Enyakatho nasentshonalanga, izinkozi zegolide zihlala kuma-tundra, amadumo, amadlelo noma izitebhisi. Ebusika, indawo yokuhlala ayibalulekile ezinyangeni, ehlobo, izinkozi zegolide zikhetha izindawo ezinokudla okuningi ukondla izingane. Izingxenye ezinamahlathi ezinkozi zegolide zisetshenziselwa ukudla, ukundiza ukuzingela ngasemathafeni noma emifuleni.
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Le nyoni enhle kangaka ijwayelekile eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia.
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Okudla izinkozi zegolide
Le nyoni akuyona i-scavenger, kepha inyamazane ehlala isebenzisa usayizi wezimpungushe nemikhonto. Uqhwaku lwezinkozi zegolide luhle ngokuhlephula inyamazane enkulu. Izinkozi zeGolide zidla izilwane ezifile kuphela ezikhathini ezilambile, lapho kunzima ukuthola ukudla.
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IGolden Eagles idla izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ezinjengalezi:
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- onogwaja
- amagundane
- imashi
- amaheya
- izimvu ezilimele noma ezinye izilwane ezinkulu,
- izimpungushe,
- inyamazane encane.
Ezinyangeni zobusika, lapho ukukhiqizwa kunganele, izinkozi zegolide zikha i-carrion ngaphezu kokudla okusha.
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Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho ukonakala engekho
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- izikhova
- oklebe
- amanga
- Wolverine
Izikhala ezivulekile okhethwe okhozi begolide ukudla, zinikeza indawo ekahle yokuzingela izinyoni, zikuvumela ukuthi usondele ngokushesha usuka emoyeni, inyamazane ayinandawo yokubalekela nokucasha.
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IGolden Eagles inamehlo amahle futhi ibona isisulu kukude. Izindandatho zezinyoni zisetshenziselwa ukubulala nokudlulisa inyamazane, ngomlomo wazo kudabula ukudla kube yizicucu.
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Ukuziphatha kwezinkozi zegolide emvelweni
Izinkozi zegolide azizona izinyoni ezinomsindo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zikhipha ukukhonkotha okukhonkotha.
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Ukhozi lwegolide luyinyoni ebabazekayo, evame ukujikeleza amahora amaningi ngaphandle kokuzikhandla esibhakabhakeni, ngisho nasekushiseni kwehlobo. Inyoni inyukela emoyeni isuka emhlabathini, ukhozi lwegolide aludingi indlela ende yokuthatha noma amagatsha ukuze lukhuphukele esibhakabhakeni.
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Isu Lokuzingela iGolide Eagle
Babheka ukudla, ukundiza phezulu noma ukundiza okuphansi emithambekeni, futhi baphinde balandelele ukuqola kwabo kusuka kumagatsha aphezulu. Lapho isisulu siqapheleka, ukhozi lwegolide luyasigijimela, siyibambe ngezihlakala zayo. Amalungu alo mbhangqwana azingela kanyekanye, inyoni yesibili ibamba inyamazane, uma ohlaseliwe evimbela eyokuqala noma inyoni eyodwa ihola inyamazane iye kulowo ilindile.
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Ukuzalela inzalo
Inani elikhulu lezinyoni ezingaphekiwe zihlala ngaphandle kwezindawo ezidlekayo, ezisekela inani elikhulu lale nyoni enkulu futhi evuthwa kancane.
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Ama-eyegles egolide ahamba nawo nomlingani oyedwa impilo, akha izidleke eziningana endaweni yabo futhi azisebenzise ngokuhlukile. Lo mbhangqwana uhamba, ufuna indawo enhle yokukhulisa amawundlu. Izinzwa zakhiwa emagatsheni ezihlahla ezisindayo, ezibekwe ngotshani.
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Ububanzi besidleke bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 nobude obu-1 imitha, okokhozi lokulungisa izidleke njengoba kunesidingo futhi kukhuphuka ngokusetshenziswa ngakunye. Uma isidleke sisesihlahleni, amagatsha asekelayo kwesinye isikhathi ayaqhuma ngenxa yesisindo sesidleke.
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Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda amabili amnyama ngasekupheleni kobusika / entwasahlobo yokuqala. IGolden Eagles ifakwe ngokushesha emva kokubeka iqanda lokuqala, eyesibili ivele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-45 - 50. Ezimweni eziyisishiyagalolunye kweziyishumi, kuyasinda inkukhu eyodwa kuphela. Eminyakeni enhle yokuzingela womabili la mawundlu ayasinda. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, izinyoni ezincane zishiya abazali bazo bese zindiza kuqala.
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Izinkozi zeGolide zisebenzisa isikhathi esiningi nomzamo ukukhulisa amazinyane azo. Izinkozi ezisencane zegolide zizingela zodwa futhi zivame ukuphutha izimbungulu ngenxa yobukhulu obufanayo nombala.
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Incazelo yokhozi lwegolide nezithombe
Ukhozi lwegolide - inyoni iqinile. Ngenxa yekhono lakhe lokusebenzisa imisinga yomoya, angandiza amahora amaningi emoyeni, afune isisulu. Ukhozi lwegolide lunomzimba onamandla futhi oqinile. Usayizi We-Eagle Wegolide cishe amasentimitha angama-70-90 ubude, amaphiko ngokwesilinganiso ngamasentimitha angama-180-250. Ukhozi lwensikazi olukhulu kakhulu kunolwesilisa. Isisindo sakhe sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-7, kanti isisindo sowesilisa ojwayelekile sisuka ku-3 siye ku-5 kg. Le nyoni yokhozi lwegolide inomlomo wokhozi oklanywe njengophawu lwendilinga, egobile ekugcineni ekugcineni. Okunye okufakiwe yizimpaphe entanyeni - okhozini lwegolide zinciphile.
Izimpiko zokhozi olude zinde, zibanzi futhi ziqinile. Izinyoni ezincane zihlukaniswa ngemfoloko ekhethekile yamaphiko. Amaphiko okhozi lwegolide ancishisiwe ezansi, ngakho-ke umkhawulo wangaphambi kwephiko ubunjwe ngoka-S. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, lokhu kuyabonakala kancane. Ijubane lokhozi lwegolide endizeni eshaywayo lungafinyelela ku-320 km / h.
Umsila wokhozi lwegolide mude futhi uyindilinga ekugcineni kunalokho kufanele kube khona okhozini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibukeka njenge hawk, kepha yehlukile ngoba ifaniswa kakhulu fan phakathi nesikhathi sendiza.
Amehlo ezinkozi zegolide anombala onsundu, uqhwaku lube nsundu, ucishe waba mnyama, kanti imilenze ne-wax ziphuzi ngokugqamile.
Izwi lokhozi legolide lifana nezinkozi, ama-sonorous, kufana nokukhonkotha kwenja. Ukhozi lweGolide - inyoni yamagama ambalwa, kwesinye isikhathi ikhwela indiza, ikhala ngesikhathi indiza ihamba, ngenkathi ivikela insimu, ixhumana nam amaphuphu.
Kakhulu kumbala wokhozi lwegolide oludala, umbala onsundu noma onsundu onsundu onezimpaphe zegolide ngemuva kwekhanda. Abesilisa nabesifazane abafani ngemibala: bobabili banemibala efanayo. Umehluko uphakathi kwabadala nabamele abancane. Ezinyoni ezincane, umbala ucishe ube mnyama, futhi ngaphansi kwamaphiko kukhona amabala amhlophe athiwe anyamalala onyakeni wesibili wokuphila. Ngokusho kwe-ornithologists enolwazi ebambe iqhaza ekufundweni kwezinkozi zegolide, la “mabala” asebenza njengophawu lwabantu abadala.
Izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezisezimpondweni zokhozi lwegolide zifakazela ukungabi nalwazi kwale nyoni encane, okunikeza ithuba lokuzingela endaweni yakwamanye amazwe, ivikele izinkozi zabantu abadala ekuhlaseleni. Ngenqubo yokuncibilikisa, izinyoni ezincane zithola umbala okhulayo “okhulayo,” osuselwa ngokuphelele iminyaka emi-4-5. Umbala wezimpaphe zokhozi lwegolide oludala luba nezithunzi kusuka onsundu kuye kumnyama.
Izinhlobo zeGolden Eagles
Kunezinhlobo ezi-6 zokubhalwa kwezinkozi zegolide, ezihlukile ngombala wezinsi nosayizi:
- I-Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos - uhlala eNyakatho naseMpumalanga Yurophu esuka eScandinavia esiya eSiberia.
- I-Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (ICanada Eagle yaseCanada) - uhlala eNyakatho Melika, eCanada nase-United States of America.
- Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri (South European golden ukhozi) - uhlala ezintabeni zasentshonalanga naseningizimu yeYurophu, eCarpathians, eCaucasus, e-Iran.
- Aquila chrysaetos japonica (IJapan Eagle yaseJapan) - uhlala eSouth Kuril Islands, eJapan, eNyakatho China.
- Aquila chrysaetos daphanea (Ukhozi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwase-Central Asia) - uhlala ezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi.
- Aquila chrysaetos kamtschatica (I-East Siberian ukhozi lwegolide) - uhlala e-East Asia, eSiberia, eChukotka, angathola isidleke ePrimorye, eMongolia.
Uhlala kuphi ukhozi lwegolide?
Ukhozi lweGolide luhlala eYurophu, e-Asia, eMelika nase-Afrika. Izinhlobo zezintaba, kepha zingatholakala nasemathafeni. Esibhakabhakeni, inyoni yokhozi lwegolide ifuna inyamazane, ngenxa yalokho, ikhetha izikhala ezinkulu ezivulekile.
Lezi zinyoni zihlala kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, ikakhulukazi zihola indlela yokuphila, zihlala ngababili. Isidleke sokhozi lwegolide sivame ukutholakala kumaphayini, oki, kwesinye isikhathi emadwaleni, sivame ukuphakama emhlabathini.
Ukhozi oluyigolide eRussia lusondele ekuqothulweni futhi lubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
Ukubukeka
Ukhozi lwegolide - inyoni enkulu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni endala buyi-85 cm, amaphiko abe ngu-180-240 cm, isisindo siyehluka kusuka ku-2,8 kuya ku-4.6 kg emadodeni futhi sisuka ku-3.8 kuya ku-6.7 kg kwabesifazane. Uqhwaku luphawu lwokhozi oluningi - lude, lugobile, lithambile kusukela ezinhlangothini. Izimpiko zinde futhi zibanzi, zithinta kancane esisekelweni, esinikeza indawo yazo engemuva ukugoba okwakhiwe ngo-S - isici esikuvumela ukuthi uqaphele ukhozi lwegolide lapho lindiza. Umsila mude, uyindilinga, endizeni uvulwa ngabalandeli. Imilenze yezinkozi zegolide mikhulu kakhulu futhi icishe yambozwa ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe.
Amapayipi enyoni endala anombala onsundu, imvamisa ene-tint yegolide emuva kwekhanda nentamo. Abesilisa nabesilisa banemibala efanayo. Ebasha, iplamu libumnyama, licishe libe mnyama, linamabala amhlophe “wesiginali” ezinhlangothini ezingenhla nezingezansi zamaphiko. Futhi, izinyoni ezincane zihlukaniswa ngumsila okhanyayo onomucu omnyama eceleni komphetho. Umbala ofanayo uhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkozi ezindala zegolide futhi uzivikele kulaka - lezi zinyoni azibekezeli ukuba khona kwezihambi endaweni yazo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isici esibonakalayo sezinkozi zegolide ngumbono obukhali kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukubona i-hare egijima kusuka endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, izicubu zamehlo ezikhethekile zigxilisa i-lens entweni, zivimbele inyoni ukuba ingayiboni, inani elikhulu lamaseli wamehlo ezinzwa (izigaxa nezinduku) linikeza isithombe esicacile.
Izinkozi zegolide zihlukile kwezinye izinyoni ngoba zinamandla okuhlukanisa imibala, kanye nombono we-binocular - amandla okuhlanganisa izithombe kuwo womabili amehlo ndawonye, zidala umphumela wobubanzi obuthathu. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuba balinganise ibanga lokukhiqizwa ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
I-Adult Golden Eagles - izinyoni ezihlala zodwa. I-pair eyodwa yezinkozi ezindala zegolide ingahlala endaweni ethile iminyaka ethile. Lezi zinyoni azibekezeleli ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye endaweni yazo. Akukho ukusebenzisana okuhlangene phakathi kwabo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lezi zinyoni zakha amabhangqa aqine kakhulu ahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinkozi zegolide azihambelani nokuhlangana komphakathi, kwezinye izindawo (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia) kunesiko lokuzingela ngalezi zinyoni.
Futhi abazingeli bayakwazi ukuzilawula ngokuphumelelayo - naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yobukhulu namandla, izinkozi zegolide zingaba yingozi nakubantu. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni ezifuywayo azizami ukuhlasela abazingeli futhi zize zibonise uthando oluthile ngazo.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
IGolden Eagle Nesting Range Ebanzi Kakhulu. Le nyoni itholakala cishe kuyo yonke iNyakatho Nenkabazwe. ENyakatho Melika, ihlala cishe kulo lonke izwekazi (ikhetha ingxenye yalo esentshonalanga). E-Afrika - enyakatho yezwekazi elisendaweni esuka eMorocco iya eTunisia, kanye naseLwandle Olubomvu. EYurophu, itholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezintaba - eScotland, e-Alps, Carpathians, ezintabeni zaseRhodope, eCaucasus, enyakatho yeScandinavia, kanye nasezindaweni eziphansi zeBaltic neRussia. E-Asia, izinkozi zegolide zivamile eTurkey, e-Altai, ezintabeni zase-Sayan, futhi zihlala emithambekeni eseningizimu yeHimalaya nesiqhingi saseHonshu.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala kunqunywa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningana: ukuba khona kwamadwala noma izihlahla ezinde zokuhlela isidleke, indawo evulekile yokuzingela kanye nokuba khona komphako wokudla (imvamisa emikhulu). Ngokuhlaliswa kabusha komuntu nokwanda kwenani lendawo ayisebenzisa, ukungabi bikho kwezinto eziseduzane okwenziwe ngabantu kanye nabantu uqobo lwazo kwabaluleka. Endle, izinkozi zegolide zizwela kakhulu ukukhathazeka komuntu.
Indawo ekahle yokhozi lwegolide yisigodi sentaba, noma kunjalo, lezi zinyoni zihlala eTundra, ihlathi le-tundra, esitebhisini futhi ngisho nasehlathini lapho kunezindawo ezincane ezivulekile. Ukuphela kohlobo lwesiza okholelwa ngokuphelele ukuthi ukhozi lwegolide alulungele ihlathi elimnyama. Ngenxa yamaphiko amakhulu, ukhozi lwegolide alukwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwezihlahla futhi luzingele ngokuphumelelayo.
Ukudla Okumnyama kwe-Eagle
Izinkozi zegolide ziyizidlakudla, ukudla okuyizidlakudla zazo ezinkulu: ama-squirrels, ama hares nezimbaza. Ngasikhathi sinye, zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo zendawo ethile: ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yaseRussia inyamazane ye-golide inyamazane ngamagundane amancane nakwezinye izinyoni, naseBulgaria - izimfudu.
Izinkozi zeGolide zihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi ziyakwazi ukuhlasela umphikisi omkhulu futhi onamandla: kunezimo ezivame ukuhlaselwa ngezimpisi, izinyamazane, izinyosi, kanye nezinkozi zegolide ezisetshenziselwa ukuzingela amabhungane ezifundeni ezise-steppe. Ukhozi lwegolide oluhlala eduzane nokuhlala kwabantu lungahlasela imfuyo, ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho amagundane efihlwa khona. Futhi ngenkathi ebandayo, izinyoni eziningi (ikakhulukazi ezincane) zidla ngo-carrion.
Inyoni endala idinga i-1.5 kg yenyama ngosuku, kepha uma kunesidingo, ukhozi lwegolide lungahamba lungadli isikhathi eside kakhulu - luze lufike kumaviki amahlanu.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukhozi lwegolide lungolwabaphangi be-oda eliphakeme - lokhu kusho ukuthi inesikhundla esiphakeme kunazo zonke kulayini wokudla, futhi azikho neze izitha zemvelo. Okuwukuphela kwengozi enkulu kuye yindoda - hhayi kakhulu ngenxa yokuqothulwa, kepha ngoba ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu izinkozi zegolide azihlanganisi futhi azizali, kepha ziphazamisekile, zingaphonsa ngisho isidleke ngamachwane.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Namuhla, ukhozi lwegolide lubhekwa njengeyinyoni engavamile futhi lubhalwe ku-Red Book, nokho, lungelamatekisi amancane kakhulu, ngoba inani lawo lihlala liqinile, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje liye lakhula kancane kancane. Usongo olukhulu lolu hlobo luvela ohlangothini lomuntu.. Ngekhulu le-18 nele-19, lezi zinyoni zadutshulwa ngenhloso, ngoba zacekela phansi imfuyo (njengoba izinkozi zegolide zacishe zachithwa ngokuphelele eJalimane).
Kulelikhulu lama-20 leminyaka, bafa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okubhebhethekayo kwezibulala-zinambuzane - bebengaphezu kwekhonkolo lokudla, izinkozi zegolide zaqongelela izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni, okwaholela ekulimaleni kokukhula kombungu nokufa kwamantshontsho angakahlaselwa. Njengamanje, usongo olukhulu enanini lezinyoni ngumsebenzi wabantu abalungele indawo yokuhlala izidleke nokushabalala ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo wezinyoni namagundane amakhulu - isisekelo sokudla sezinkozi zegolide.
Namuhla, emazweni amaningi ayingxenye yendawo yokuhlala okhozi igolide, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokugcina nokubuyisa ubuningi balezi zinhlobo. Ngakho-ke, eRussia naseKazakhstan, izinkozi zegolide zifakiwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zesifunda. Izindawo ze-Golden Eagles nesting zivikelwe ezindaweni zemvelo. E-Russia kuphela lapho le nyoni ihlala ezindaweni ezingamashumi amabili. Izinkozi zeGolide zingaphila ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, kepha kuyaqabukela zizalela ekudingisweni.
Ngabe idlani ukhozi?
Ukhozi lweGolide - inyoni edla inyama, idla ngamagundwane ahlukahlukene, ama-hares, ayizideleli izihlobo ezinamehlo, idla ezinye izinyoni.Ukhozi lwegolide ludla namathole, izinyamazane nezimvu. Ukudla kokhozi lwegolide kufaka kokubili umdlalo omncane omncane futhi omkhulu: ama-squirrels omhlaba, ama-skunks, ama-woodchucks, amafudu, ama-hedgehogs, ama-martens, ama-squirrel, ama-ermines, izimpungushe, i-roe deer, i-reindeer, amajuba, i-grouse emnyama, i-capercaillie, izigwaca, amadada, imifula , izikhova, amahansi, izinyoka, izinyoka ngisho namaxoxo. Imvamisa ukhozi lwegolide luhlasela inyamazane ekhulu kakhulu ngosayizi: amawundlu nabantu abagulayo, futhi futhi alunaki izidumbu. Imfuno yansuku zonke yenyoni edla inyama i-1.5 kg yenyama ngosuku. Uma kunesidingo, ukhozi lwegolide lungalamba kuze kuphele amasonto angama-5.
Lizingela kanjani ukhozi lwegolide?
Izinkozi zeGolide zizingela ngababili, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzala. Indlela yokuzingela incike kwisimo sezulu: umhlaseli uyocwila phezulu esibhakabhakeni amahora amaningi, afune inyamazane evela phezulu, noma kungaba ukuhlasela okuqhamuka lapho eqhamuka. Esimweni sezulu esibi, lezi zinyoni zihlala eziqongweni zezihlahla, lapho zihlala zilinde isisulu esifanele. Imvamisa, ukhozi lwegolide lubamba umdlalo ngewashi elilodwa ngemuva kwekhanda, okwesibili ngemuva komhlane, wephule umgogodla ngezinsimbi ezinamandla, noma ulushaye ngomlomo obukhali, wephule imithambo yegazi, futhi uthwale isisulu esifile. Abaphenyi bavame ukuqaphela ukuthi izinkozi zegolide zivame ukuthatha inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni.
Ukuzala Ama-Eagles eGolide Endle
Izinkozi zeGolide ziyizinyoni ezinyantayo, ngakho-ke zihlala zithembekile kwezimpilo impilo yazo yonke ngenkathi umlingani wakho esaphila. Noma yimuphi umbhangqwana wezinkozi zegolide unezidleke ezingama-2-4, ezisetshenziselwa iminyaka ehlukile. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala phakathi noFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zenza izindiza ezibonisayo futhi zenze izibalo zomoya ezahlukahlukene: lokhu kungaba yindiza efana negagasi elinamandla amakhulu, elenzelwa umbhangqwana noma inyoni eyodwa, kanye nezindiza ezihlanganyelwe nje, ukubonakaliswa kwezihlakala, nokundiza komoya. Ngesikhathi sendiza efana ne-wave, ukhozi lwegolide luyaphakama, bese liwa phansi ngetshe, endaweni ephansi iqala ukuphakama futhi ibuye ihle futhi.
Ukhozi olumbala lwegolide lubeka amaqanda cishe ekuqaleni - maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ku-clutch kusuka emaqanda ama-1 kuye kwangama-3. Amaqanda owesilisa nowesifazane agxila ngokuhlukile izinsuku ezingama-45. Ukhozi lwensikazi oludla amantshontsho, lowesilisa uletha inyamazane. Ipulazi lokhozi legolide lihlukaniswe nabazali balo ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ukugcina ukhozi lwegolide ekhaya akulula, kepha ukuzingela ngokhozi lwegolide akunakulibaleka. Izinyoni ezincane zivame ukukhishwa esidlekeni, kodwa futhi zingabamba umuntu omdala. Ukusheshisa ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuluthwa umlutha wokhozi lwegolide kumuntu, udinga ukukukhawulela ekudleni. Kulokhu, ukhozi lwegolide londliwa zonke ezinye izinsuku futhi lunikeza amagremu wenyama angama-300- 300. Umzingeli ufaka igloves lesikhumba futhi afake ukhozi lwegolide kulo, ahamba naye azungeze idolobha ukwenza ukhozi lwegolide lujwayele izwi nokubona kwabantu, bese ehudula inyoni iye esilwaneni esinezimpiko. Faka inyoni ngaphakathi. Amehlo kumele ambozwe ngesigaxa ukuze inyoni inyakaze futhi ingagijimeli.
Ukuzingela ngokhozi lwegolide kuyintokozo engalibaleki kubazingeli abanolwazi. Imvamisa abantu abaningana bazingela nezinyoni zabo.
Ukhozi lwegolide: umsuka wegama lenyoni
Igama lesi-Russian lasendulo elithi "ukhozi" kwezinye izilimi zabantu baseSlavic liseduze ne-Germanic Aar noma i-Aro (iScandinavia Orn, iScotina Erne).
Ababhali baseRussia bekhulu le-18 ngeminyaka yabo basebenzisa igama elithi "itshe" nelithi "golide" (ngokwesibonelo, uV. Levshin) kule nyoni eqinile nenhle, ngokunokwenzeka ngokusho kwamaJalimane weStein-adler, uGoldadler.
Igama elithi "ukhozi lwegolide" (burkut ne burkut) linezimpande zaseTurkic. Lezi zinyoni ziyathandwa futhi zidlangile eCentral Asia. Lapho asetshenziselwa ukuzingela.
Isithombo
Ukhozi lweGolide - inyoni enezici ekuhoxisweni kwam amaphuphu ayo.
Amagatsha ezihlahla asebenza njengezakhi zokwakha izidleke, ngakho-ke, lezi zindlu eziqinile zingagcinwa iminyaka eminingana. Ububanzi babo bufinyelela kumamitha ama-2. Futhi, kumgqoko, izinyoni zingasebenzisa amaqabunga ezitshalo, uboya kanye nezimpaphe.
Bobabili abazali bazibophezele ekondleni amantshontsho, kepha nguyise kuphela othola ukudla ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukhozi lwensikazi wesifazane alusuki esidlekeni ngamachwane umzuzu.
Kuyamangaza kakhulu ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane ngokuphila konke balondoloze i-pair yabo futhi bakhe isidleke njalo endaweni eyodwa.
Zidlani izinkozi zegolide?
Lezi zinyoni zidla kuma-vertebrates ahlukahlukene. Ukhozi lweGolide luyinyoni, inyamazane eyinhloko yalo yilezi: izilwane ezincelisayo (izinyamazane ezincane, izimpisi, ama-chamois nezimpungushe, izingwejezi zomhlaba kanye nama-hares), izinyoni (i-capercaillie, i-herons, i-blackbirds kanye nezimpethu). Futhi, inyamazane yabo ingaba izinyoka nezimfudu. Futhi ebusika, ngesikhathi sokungondli, zingadla i-carrion.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukhozi lwegolide luyinyoni ewusizo, yize kwenzeka ukuthi lubhubhisa izilwane ezihweba. Lezi zokugcina zincane kakhulu noma ziyagula. Ukuzibhubhisa, ukhozi lwegolide luphulukisa ezinye izilwane.
Izici nokubukeka
Ukhozi lwegolide uhlobo lwokhozi olungowomndeni wama-hawk. Njengabo bonke abamele le nhlobo, ihlukaniswa ngamandla futhi inomzimba oqinile. Ngenxa yamakhono ayo okulinganisa nokusebenzisa imisinga yomoya, inyoni ingandiza amahora amaningi ilandelana esibhakabhakeni, ibuka inyamazane.
Ngobude usayizi ukhozi lwegolide ifinyelela kumitha owodwa, amaphiko angamamitha ayi-2,5. Owesifazane uvame ukuba mkhulu kakhulu kunosayizi okhethiweyo wakhe. Uma isisindo sowesilisa ngokwesilinganiso sisebangeni le-4-5 kg, lapho izinsikazi zivame ukufika ku-7 kg. Le nyoni inenothi eligoqiwe lomqhomo, eliyindabuko ngendlela ebukeka ngayo. Okunye okuhlukanisayo yizimpaphe, ezinde kakhulu kunalokho okusele ngemuva kwentamo.
Amaphiko enyoni awabanzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi amade, aqine. Ezilwaneni ezincane, zinesimo esithile. Iphiko lomhlaseli linesisekelo esincane, ngenxa yokuthi ukugoba kubonakala emaphethelweni angemuva, kukhumbuza kakhulu uhlamvu S lwezinhlamvu zesiLatini.
By the way, lesi ngesinye sezimpawu ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe lesi silwanyana esindiza endizeni. Lapho zikhula, lesi sici samaphiko siba ngaphansi kokuphinyiselwa. Ngesikhathi sokuntywila, inyoni ithatha isivinini ifike ku-120 km / h.
Umsila womzingeli onezinwele mude, ubude uzungezwe ekugcineni bese ufana neheku. Lokhu kumhlukanisa nabanye abamele uhlobo lokhozi. Lapho inyoni ikhuphuka, umuntu angabona ukuthi amapulangwe emsileni avela kanjani amise okomuntu fan.
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zibonakala ngamehlo ansundu, ubuhlalu ngombala onsundu noma omnyama, lapho kugcinwa khona isisekelo esiphuzi. Amaphayi aqinile, aqinile, cishe kubo bonke ubuso bawo kukhona unqenqema ne-plumage, okubonakala kubenza bakhudlwana ngisho nangaphezulu.
Ezansi zinombala ophuzi okhanyayo futhi zinezikhafu ezinde, ezibukhali, eziyishumi. Izwi lokhozi lifanekisela abamele bohlobo lwalo: ngokuzwakalayo, okukhumbuza ukujaha kwenja. Ungayizwa kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana, ukuvikelwa kwendawo yokuhlala noma ukuxhumana nezingane.
Ngombala womuntu osuvuthiwe kakade, ama-brown ansundu namnyama anezimpaphe zokukhanya kwegolide ngemuva kwekhanda. IGolden Eagles ayinemehluko ngokombala ngokobulili. Umehluko okhona phakathi kwabancane nabantu abavuthiwe.
Ezinyoni ezifika eminyakeni emi-4 ubudala, umbala ubonakala cishe ngombala omnyama, amabala amhlophe ayabonakala ngaphansi kwamaphiko. Zinyamalala eminyakeni yobudala eyishumi nanye kuya kweyishumi nantathu. Ochwepheshe abatadisha impilo nokuziphatha kwabazingeli bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zindawo zazisa izinyoni ezindala ukuthi umuntu akanalwazi.
Lokhu kuvumela ukuba bazingele kwelinye izwe ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuhlaselwa abantu abadala. Izinyoni ezincane ziyafana nabazali bazo ngokuqala kokuncibilika, ukwakheka kokugcina kwe-gamut yemibala kuwela ngonyaka wesine noma wesihlanu wokuphila kwezinhlobo ezimele. Ijika ibe nsundu ngemibala ansundu nebomvu.
Sekukonke, izindawo eziyisithupha zokukhokhelwa kwezinkozi zegolide zihlukaniswa, izici eziphambili zokuhlukanisa zazo ezinobukhulu nombala.
- Uhlobo olujwayelekile lukhetha ukuhlala enyakatho nasempumalanga yeYurophu, kanye nasebusheni beSiberia, eNorway, eDenmark naseSweden. Umbala womzimba nezamaphiko ukhozi lwegolide olumnyama noma nsundu.
- Izinhlobo ezingaseningizimu yeYurophu zingatholakala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni zaseCaucasus, e-Iran, eCarpathians, eningizimu yeYurophu. Emzimbeni, iplamu ligcotshwe ngombala onsundu ngombala wezimpaphe zohlobo oluhlaza onsundu esihlakaleni sentamo. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kune "cap" elihlukile ekhanda lakhe.
- Ama-subspecies aseCentral Asia akhetha ukuzingela nokudlela ezintabeni zase-Altai, kanye naseTien Shan, ePamir, eTibet. Faka umbala kusuka kumdaka omnyama uye komnyama ngezimpaphe ezilula ku-nape.
- Indawo yokuhlala okhozi lwaseMelika yiCanada, iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. Faka umbala onsundu ngombala onsundu nge-tint yegolide.
- Izinhlobo zase-East Siberian zingatholakala empumalanga ye-Asia, iMongolia, iChukotka, iSiberia kanye nePrimorsky Territory. Umbala ungaba mnyama futhi ungabi nsundu.
- Ama-subspecies aseJapan akhetha ukuhlala eNyakatho China, Japan, kanye naseSouth Kuril Islands. Umbala onsundu omnyama onamabala ahlukanayo amhlophe emahlombe.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ukugcina inyoni yobukhulu obukhulu ekhaya akulula, noma kunjalo, ngokusho kwabazingeli abanolwazi, kuyafaneleka. Njengomthetho, amaphuphu amancane athathwa esidlekeni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi abantu abakhulu nabo bayabanjwa.
Ukusheshisa umlutha wenyoni kubantu futhi usebenze ngokuqeqeshwa kwezilwane, umhlaseli ulinganiselwe ekudleni. Ingxenye yayo ingama-300-350 g yenyama, kanti ukhozi londliwa njalo ngosuku. Umzingeli ubeka le nyoni esandleni evikelwe ngugilavu wesikhumba, futhi ihambe nesilwane ezindaweni ezigcwele abantu, ngakho-ke inyoni ijwayela umsindo womphakathi. Umbeka esilwaneni esinezimpiko.
Ziqukethe izinkozi zegolide endaweni ebiyelwe noma ngaphakathi, zihlala zimboze amehlo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthula futhi zivikele ekuphonseni. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuphuma inyamazane nale nyoni kusho ukuthola injabulo yangempela.
Njengomthetho, abantu abaningana bazingela ngasikhathi sinye, ngamunye enedlozi lakhe legolide. Ngaphandle, umhlaseli wazo onemibala ephakathi uphila iminyaka engama-23. Ekudingisweni, kuncike ekunakekelweni kahle, abantu bangaphila okuphindwe kabili.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ama-Golden Eagles angawezinyoni ezinjenge-hawk, amelela umndeni wezinja, uhlobo lwezinkozi, uhlobo lwokhozi lwegolide. Ososayensi bezazi zezilwane abasakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngemvelaphi yezinyoni. Kunemibono eminingana yokuvela kwazo. Okuthandwa kakhulu ngumsuka kusuka kuma-dinosaurs. Ososayensi bathi amadlozi amadala kakhulu ezinyoni ezidla inyama avele ngesikhathi se-Jurassic (ngokwesikhathi esiphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-200 nezingu-140 ezedlule).
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: IGolden Eagle
Ukhozi lweGolide lithanda ukuhlala kude nendawo, etholakala eduze kwabantu. Yize ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babethambisa lezi zilwane ezinkulu. Izinkozi zegolide zithambekele ekwakheni izidleke ngazimbili nezisontekile. Ukwenza isidleke, isihlahla eside siyadingeka. Imvamisa kakhulu i-pine noma i-aspen. Izinyoni zithathwa njengezikhulu kakhulu. Bakhetha i-pair futhi livame ukuba khona kuleli bhangqa empilweni yabo yonke.
Bajwayele ukwakha izidleke eziningana, ukusuka koyedwa kuya kwezinhlanu, futhi bahlala kuzo ngokuhlukile. Ibanga phakathi kwezidleke lingamakhilomitha angama-13 ukuya kuma-20. Endaweni yokuhlala kwembhangqwana eyodwa, enye intsha engakakha i-pair ingahlala ngokuthula. Izinyoni ezinezilwane ezinomdlandla zibona ngesizotha indawo enjalo. Ngokuzingela khetha isiza esithile. Ebusika, lapho inani lokudla lehliswa kakhulu, izinkozi zegolide zikhulisa indawo yokuzingela.
Izinyoni zikusaba kakhulu ukuphazanyiswa komuntu endaweni yazo yemvelo. Uma umuntu etholile isidleke sawo, lapho amaqanda akhiwe khona, amakhozi egolide ngokuvamile awuphonsa. Izinyoni zinokuqina okumangalisayo namandla. Bazoqhubeka nokuqapha umuntu ohlukumezekile kuze kube yilapho beyizisulu zabo. Izimbangi zinikezwe amandla amakhulu. Inyoni eyodwa endala ingaphakamisela emoyeni umthwalo onesisindo esingama-25 kilos. Amandla wemikhawulo engezansi akuvumela ukuthi unqamule intamo yabantu abakhulu bempisi endala. Izinyoni zibonakala ngokukhuthazela, amandla okuzingela ngababili, kanye nomlingiswa wokulwa.
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, kuvamile ukuba izinyamazane ezinamehlo ukuba zindize kahle, zandize kalula emoyeni, futhi zishintshe ngokushesha indlela yazo yendiza. Ekuzingeleni, le nyoni ikhethwa kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, lapho umoya ufinyelela emazingeni athile okushisa futhi ukhululekile ukundiza emoyeni. Izinyoni zivame ukudala indlela ethile lapho okhozi lwegolide lundizela khona lapho luza khona lapho lufuna ukudla. Kungumvelo wabo ukukhetha izihlahla zokugada lapho kuvulwa umbono omuhle kakhulu wensimu enkulu. Izindawo lapho ukuzingela izinyoni zinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Usayizi wabo usukela kumamitha-skwele ayi-140 kuye kwangama-230. km Izinkozi zegolide azikwazi ukwenza into ngaphandle kokukhipha izwi;
Izinhlobo zabantu
Kuvulwe ukhozi lwegolide eNcwadini ebomvu, ngoba kubhekwa njengezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingandile. Noma kunjalo, inani labantu alinciphi ngokuya ngemininingwane yesimanje; eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwanda kwabantu kuye kwaqashelwa. Umsebenzi wesintu ukuphela kwento ethinta impilo yalezi zilwane.
Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili neshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kwadutshulwa izinyoni, njengoba zidala umonakalo emfuyweni. Ngakho-ke, eJalimane, cishe bonke abamele le nhlobo babhujiswa. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anolaka kube nomthelela ekwehleni kwamanani.
Njengoba izinyoni zidla ezilwaneni, amakhemikhali ayingozi angena emzimbeni wezitho ezinomzimba kanye nawo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwaholela ekwandisweni kwe-umbungu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kwezilwane ezincane.
Kulezi zinsuku, abantu basebenza ngokuzikhandla ezindaweni, ezinganqunyelwe ekukhetheni indawo hhayi okhozi kuphela, kodwa futhi namagundane amancane, adla izinyamazane. Konke lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinyoni.
Ukuze kusizwe ukubuyisa inani lezinkozi zegolide futhi zivikele ekuqothulweni, emazweni amaningi athatha indawo yokuhlala, zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo zithathwa. Ngakho-ke, ngobukhulu beRussia neKazakhstan, izindawo ezidlekayo zezinkozi zabelwa ezindaweni ezivikelekile futhi zivikelwe.
Ngale ndlela, esifundeni sethu kuphela lapho ukhozi lwegolide luhlala khona emagumbini angaphezu kwama-20 abekelwe lokho. Izinyoni zitholakala emazweni angasese nasezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, kepha ngalokhu okuqukethwe, zizalela kakhulu kakhulu.
Ukuzala nokuzala isizini
Ukhozi lwegolide - inyoniohlala ethembekile kumlingani wakhe ngokubhanqa. Ngamunye wabo uhlela kusuka ezidlekeni ezi-2 kuya kweziyi-12 futhi uzisebenzise ngokulandelana ngezikhathi ezahlukene, ahlala akha futhi ethuthukisa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sithatha isuka ngasekupheleni kobusika kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ngokuqondile - kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkozi zegolide zibonakala ukundiza, zenza izinkimbinkimbi zasemkhathini futhi zilingisa izici zokuzingela. Lokhu kuziphatha futhi kuwuphawu lwenyoni enomzwangedwa, efuna umlingani, noma umbhangqwana osuvele usunguliwe. Ukufakelwa komzimba kwenzeka lapho eneminyaka eyi-4-5.
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda esidlekeni engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli, imvamisa ingekho ngaphezulu kwamaqanda amathathu. Bobabili abalingani babandakanyeka ekubambeni ngokungafani. Le nqubo yenzeka ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amane nanhlanu. Lapho-ke owesilisa uyazingela, athole ukudla, insikazi yondle omncane. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2,5 ukuya kwezi-2, amachwane ashiya isidleke.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Ukhozi lwegolide ekundizeni
IGolden Eagles iyindabuko ngemvelo. Ukuthembeka nokuzinikela kumbhangqwana okhethiwe kugcinwa kukho konke impilo. Ukukhethwa kwengxenye yesibili kwenzeka eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari futhi siqhubeka cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Imidlalo yokuhlangana yezinyoni ibukeka imangalisa kakhulu. Kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu besilisa nabesilisa bakhombise ubuhle, amandla namandla abo. Lokhu kuboniswa ezindizeni ezinhle kakhulu. Izinyoni zithola ukuphakama okukhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho zishona phansi bese zelula amaphiko amakhulu phambi kobuso bomhlaba. Zijwayele ukukhombisa amakhono azo okuzingela. Badedela ubuhlalu, belingisa ukuphishekela kanye nokuthumba inyamazane.
Ngemuva kokuba izinyoni zikhethe umuntu azoshada naye, ziqala ukusonta izidleke zazo zibeke amaqanda. Baqikelela kakhulu ekukhetheni indawo yokwakha isidleke.Imvamisa le yindawo eseceleni emqheleni wezihlahla phezulu. Ukuphakama kwesidleke esisodwa kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5-2, futhi ububanzi bungamamitha ayi-2,5 ukuya phezulu. Yakhiwe ngamagatsha namahlumela, phansi kufakwe imibala namahlamvu moss. Isidleke ngasinye sinamaqanda elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Anombala onsundu ngombala onamabala amnyama. Ukuqandusela amaqanda kuyadingeka inyanga nesigamu. Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uthatha indawo yowesifazane, kepha lokhu kuyaqabukela.
Izinkukhu zibamba amaqanda ngokulandelana. Amachwane amadala ahlala emakhulu futhi enamandla, futhi axosha abancane nababuthakathaka ekudleni okuveliswa owesilisa. Kodwa-ke, abazali abazami ukubuyisa ubulungiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, iphuphu elibuthakathaka libulawa yindlala. Cishe izinyanga ezintathu amachwane achitha esidlekeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, umama ubafundise ukundiza. Ukuxoxa namachwane kungenye yezizathu ezimbalwa zezinyoni ukukhipha izwi lazo. Izinkukhu ezinamakhono okundiza ahlala esidlekeni kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo. Isikhathi sokuphila ezimweni zemvelo cishe siyiminyaka engama-20. Ekudingisweni, leli nani lingaphindeka kabili.
Hunt for inyamazane nokudla
Ukhozi lwegolide – inyoni edlayo. Ekuzingeleni, ukhetha ama hares, amagundane, amagundane amakhulu, kuvame ukudla ezinye izinyoni ezincane. Futhi, izinkomo ezincane nezinkomo ezincane, ezinjengezinyamazane, izimvu, amathole nezimbuzi, ziziphange.
Phakathi komdlalo omncane ekudleni ukhozi lwegolide kungabonakala ama-gophers kanye nama-ferrets, ama-skunks, ama-squirrels, ama-marmots, ama-ermines, amadada, ama-paradoges, amahansi. Kwezilwane ezinkulu, inyamazane enamazinyo inyathela ngezimpungushe, izimpisi, izalukazi nezinyamazane, izinyamazane.
Le nyoni ayesabi ukuhlasela isisulu, inkulu kakhulu kunayo. Ebusika, kuvame ukudla u-carrion. Nsuku zonke, ukhozi lwegolide ludinga kuze kube yi-2 kg yenyama, kepha uma kungekho kudla luyakwazi ukulamba amasonto ama-5.
Umbono wokhozi uphakeme izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili kunowomuntu, ngakho-ke, ngisho nokuphakama kwendiza, akekho noyedwa oyisisulu oyobalekela kuwo. Angabukeka ekhululeke emoyeni futhi ahlasele ngokungazelelwe ukuze bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo ukucasha. Ukhozi luyaqhubeka nokulwa phansi, uma lunamathela isisulu ngezihlakala zalo, yebo inyamazane enkulu neya dodgy ngeke isindiswe.
Ngenxa yomzimba wayo omkhulu nobukhulu namaphiko amakhulu, ukhozi lwegolide luyakwazi ukuphakamisela emoyeni umthwalo osisindo ongama-20 kg wesisindo bukhoma, futhi ekulweni komhlaba, linqobe impisi empini, ijike nentamo. Esikhathini sokuzala, kwesinye isikhathi izitha ezidla inyama zilandelela izinyamazane kubili. Uma ohlukunyeziwe ekwazi ukuphunyula enyameni eyodwa, umlingani uzokuthola masinyane.
Yize kunemvelo yokulwa kwabo, laba bantu abahlukumezayo kunzima ukubhekana nokungenelela kwabangaphandle endaweni yabo, ikakhulukazi abantu. Umbhangqwana obeke isidleke lapho amachwane asebeke waqhanyelwa khona noma lapho amaqanda ebekwe khona uyowushiya uma owesilisa ebaphazamisa eduze.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Izazi zezilwane zezilwane zitshela ezinye izici zokuphila kwezilwane ezidla izitha:
- Izinkozi zegolide zona zingabanikazi besinye sezidleke ezinde kunazo zonke emndenini okhozi.
- Ezindaweni lapho ubusika obubabazekayo bubonwa khona, lezi zinyoni ziya endaweni efudumele noma zimane zindize zisuka ezintabeni ziye endaweni ephakeme.
- Ukhozi lwegolide lunamehlo abukhali kangangokuba luyakwazi ukwenza umfudlana ovela ekuphakameni okungu-4 km.
- Lezi zinyoni zingukudla okusheshayo kwezinkozi futhi ziyakwazi ukudonsa ukuze zifinyelele ijubane elingu-120 km / h.
- Izinyoni zingakha izidleke, eziqongweni zezihlahla nasemaphethelweni amadwala.
- Izidleke ezigcwaliswe njalo ngonyaka zingafinyelela osayizi abakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Insikazi ayizali onke amaqanda ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ngekhefu lezinsuku eziningana.
- Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ukhozi lwegolide selukhombisile isimilo salo esinolaka: ezimweni eziningi, iphuku labadala libulala omncane, ikakhulukazi uma kungowesifazane, kuyilapho abazali bengangeni ezingxabanweni futhi bengazami ukuvikela ababuthakathaka.
- Lapho zizingela inyamazane enkulu, inyamazane inamathela emacansini ayo emzimbeni, bese ibulala. Umdlalo omncane ufa cishe khona manjalo.
- Inyoni encane kuqala ithatha iphiko ineminyaka engama-70-80, kanti incamela ukuhlala eduze kwesidleke.
- Ukhozi lwegolide olubonayo lumvumela ukuba ahlukanise imibala, okuyinto engabonakali kangako emhlabeni wezilwane.
- Isikhathi sokubeka iqanda sinqunywa ububanzi bendawo yokuhlala komphangi. Ngakho-ke, enyakatho yezwekazi elishisa kakhulu noma eMexico, amaphuphu avela ngoJanuwari, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezibandayo nase-Alaska ngoJuni, enyakatho neMelika ngoMashi.
Umhlaseli onamahloni unikezwa isimo sesilwane esinengozi encane yokuqothulwa. Kepha izinhlawulo zinqunywa ekuzingeleni inyoni enezinwele, bese kudonsa isigwebo sesibili ejele.
Ukhozi lwegolide esithombeni futhi empilweni yangempela ibukeka inhle futhi inhle, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wayo wokuphila kanye nemikhuba emihle kuyathakazelisa kochwepheshe ekuhloleni kwezilwane. Ukuvikela izinhlobo zezinhlobo zabantu ngokwehla kwesibalo sabantu, umuntu kufanele aqaphele.
Ukuvikelwa kweGolden Eagles
Isithombe: IGolden Eagle evela kwiRed Book
Ukuze ulondoloze futhi wandise isibalo sezinyoni, lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lubhalwe ku-Red Book. Unikezwe isimo sezinhlobo ezinobungozi obuncane bokuqothulwa. Emazweni amaningi, kufaka neRussia, ukubhujiswa kwezinyoni kuvinjelwe ezingeni lomthetho. Ukwephulwa kwalo mthetho kubandakanya isikweletu sokuphatha kanye nobugebengu. Izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezindawo zokuhlala izinyoni zivikelwe izindawo zemvelo kanye namapaki ezwe. E-Russian Federation kuphela, izinyoni zihlala kumapaki kazwelonke angaphezu kweshumi amabili.
Izinyoni zijwayela ngokushesha ukuhlala ekudingisweni, kepha kuyaqabukela ukuzala. Izwe laseMelika linomthetho ovimbela ukubanjwa nokuthengiswa kwezinyoni ezingavamile, kanye namaqanda abo. IGolden Eagles ziyizilwane ezimangalisayo, ezinamandla amakhulu futhi anomusa. Amandla, ubukhulu, indlela yokuphila nemikhuba kubangela isasasa elikhulu futhi kujabulise. Umuntu ngokuqinisekile kufanele enze wonke umzamo wokulinda futhi andise inani lalezinhlobo zezinyoni.
I-Habitat nezici
Inyoni yokhozi olwegolide Ungowe-oda Falconiformes, Hawks womndeni. Lona ukhozi olukhulu kunazo zonke, oludala futhi oluhle. Amaphiko ayo angamamitha amabili, isisindo - cishe ama-6 kg. Le nyoni yegolide ukhozi ihlala emahlathini, ezintabeni nasezintabeni ze-Eurasia, Korea, Japan.
Ungakuzwa ngokhozi lwegolide eNyakatho Afrika. Kuthunyelwe ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, kusuka e-Alaska kuya emazweni aphakathi neMexico. Okuncane kakhulu empumalanga yeCanada naseMelika.
EYurophu, bahlala ezintabeni zaseSpain, eScandinavia, e-Alps naseBalkan. Izindawo ezithandekayo zokhozi lwegolide zingamathafa nezintaba, kude nabantu. Zibuye zihlale kuma-tundra, ama-steppe kanye nama-step-steppe, ama-canyons angama-semi-desert, amahlathi, zonke izinhlobo zamahlathi.
Izinyoni zikhetha izindawo zazo emfuleni namachibi, kanye nasemathafeni asezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2500. Ukuze zizingele, zidinga izindawo ezivulekile, ngenxa yamaphiko amakhulu. Ngokuphumula, bakhetha izihlahla ezinde namadwala.
E-Russia, izinkozi zegolide zihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, kepha ungazibona kunqabile - azama ukungahlangani nabantu. Njengoba emathafeni abantu bacishe bangalishiyi ukhozi lwegolide, imvamisa inyoni ihlala ezindaweni ezigcwele ezingapheli zaseRussia North, eBaltic States naseScandinavia naseBelarus.
Izinkozi zeGolide zivame ukutholakala eTuva, eTransbaikalia naseYakutia, kepha ngesimo sokuthi izidleke ezingomakhelwane zizoba sebangeni eli-10 km km. ngaphandle komunye nomunye. Ukwazi ukuthi iliphi ukhozi lwegolide okuyinyoni eyedwa, akumangazi ukuthi ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo ezinabantu abaningi, kunezimo ezimbalwa zokhozi lwendlovu.
Indlela Yokuphila Yegolide
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokwemvelo ukhozi lwegolide luzama ukuhlala kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, abantu abaningi abazifakwayo baseCentral Asia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo babethambisa futhi basebenzise ukhozi lwegolide ukuzingela imikhondo, izimpungushe, izimpisi, izinsikazi.
Izinyoni ezinkulu ezinamaphiko aqinile, uqhwaku olunamandla oluqinile, izidladla ezinamandla ezinamakhwapha namehlo abukhali zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Indlela eyinhloko yokuzingela okokhozi begolide bakhethe ukulandela umkhondo inyamazane isuka phezulu.
Ukhozi lunamehlo angcono amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili kunabantu, ngakho-ke asikho isilwane esingahle siwubone. Ukhozi lwegolide olukhuphuka esibhakabhakeni lubukeka lungagudluki futhi luphumule, kodwa lapho luhlaselwa, isilwane esingajwayelekile siba nesikhathi sokukhonkotha ngasohlangothini.
Noma, lokhu ngeke kusindise kumhlaseli. Le nyoni iyaqhubeka nomzabalazo wokudla nasemhlabeni. Into esemqoka ukufinyelela inyamazane ngezihlakala zakho, bese kuthi ngisho nesilo esikhulu ngeke sikwazi ukuphunyula ekubanjeni kwensimbi.
Ukhozi lwegolide luyakwazi ukuphakamisa isilwane esinesisindo esingama-kg angama-20 emoyeni, futhi ngokulwa ngesandla singagobisa intamo yempisi. Izinkozi zegolide zivame ukuzingela ngababili, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzala. Uma umuntu enze iphutha, umlingani uzolilungisa ngokushesha. Cishe inyoni eyodwa isabisa inyamazane, kanti eyesibili ihlala emqamelweni.
Naphezu komlingiswa wazo wokulwa, izinkozi zegolide zinzima kakhulu ukusinda ekungenelweni kwabantu ezintweni zabo. Izinyoni ezimbili ezinesidleke esine-clutch noma amachwane kungenzeka ukuthi zisilahle, uma umuntu ebonakala eduzane futhi ezihlupha, amantshontsho ayofa. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuncishiswa kokubukeka kwalezi zinkozi.
Ukudla iGolide Eagle
Iyaqhubeka incazelo kwalaba ubuthaizinyoniKufanele sikhulume kabanzi ngemininingwane yokudla kwabo. Ukhozi lwegolide ludinga ama-1.5 kg. inyama nsuku zonke, okwenza kube omnivorous ngokuphelele. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, izinyoni ezinkulu kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ziba inyamazane enkulu yezinkozi zegolide.
Ama-hares, i-floorhogs, izimpungushe, izidalwa eziphindaphindayo, ama-hedgehogs, amafudu - konke kuhamba ngokudla. Kwezinyoni, ukhozi lwegolide lukhetha ukuzingela amahansi amakhulu, amadada, amakhemikhali nojantshi. Ama-phephants ama-Nimble futhi asheshayo namaphethelo, ukhozi lwegolide alithandi ukulandela.
Ukhozi oludala luhlala luhlasela isisulu esiphakeme kakhulu kunesisindo. Amacala aqoshwa lapho ukhozi lwegolide luhlasela izindiza ezincane futhi luphuka nengilazi. Ngenkathi ebusika, izinkozi zegolide aziyideleli i-carrion.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ukhozi lwegolide luziphatha ngendlela ehlukile: lungahlasela ngokushesha nangokungazelelwe luphakama, luwele cishe lubheke ngqo esicini esingavikelekile, lungakopela futhi lenze sengathi ukuzingela akuyona into yalo.
Futhi ukundiza esidlule ukulinda futhi ukweqa kuze kufike emndenini wezilwane ezihlikihla, kusetshenziswa ukufihla ukungalingani kwendawo. Ngaphezu kwalawa macala, uma kungenjalo ukhozi lwegolide lungumzingeli oqondile futhi ongazethembi, ngeke aqede inyamazane, kepha ukhetha ukuhlasela ngokushesha.
Noma isisulu singanqotshwanga ekushayweni kokuqala, inyoni izoyiphatha iphindelela ize ifinyelele umgomo wayo. Uma sikhuluma ngesilwane esikhulu, isilwane esihlaselayo sigobhoza isikhumba futhi sifake imichilo emide, sibangele amanxeba abulalayo.
Izilwane ezincane okhozi zibamba i-paw eyodwa ngemuva kwekhanda lakhe, eyesibili ngemuva komhlane wakhe, futhi yephula intamo yakhe. Akuvamile ukuthi noma ubani aphume emilenzeni yensimbi yokhozi lwegolide. Izithombe eziningi zalezi zindawo zokuzingela zale nyoni zikhuluma ngamandla ayo namakhono okuzingela athuthukiswe kahle. Emzabalazweni wokudla, izinkozi zegolide zingathatha inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ama-Golden Eagles ayiziphikiso, akha futhi agcina i-pair impilo yonke. Kunokukhethwa komlingani lapho eneminyaka eyi-3. Isikhathi sokukhwelana, esiqale ngoFebhuwari nango-Ephreli, sibukeka sithokozela kakhulu ukusuka ohlangothini.
Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bakhombisa ubuhle namandla abo. Imvamisa lokhu kuziveza njengokundiza okufana negagasi - ukhozi lwegolide, eseluphakamisile, lijule kakhulu phansi bese luvula amaphiko alo phambi komhlaba.
Futhi, izinyoni zikhombisa amakhono abo njengabazingeli, zibonisa ukugcwala, ukulingisa ukuhlaselwa komunye nomunye, ukuxosha.
Ngemuva kokuba umbhangqwana usunqume ekukhetheni komunye nomunye, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-1-3 ombala omhlophe ngombala onsundu. Cishe sonke isikhathi ahlala phezu kwamaqanda, kuyizinsuku ezingama-40- 46, akuvamisile ukuba owesilisa athathe indawo yakhe.
Ukuze kwakhiwe izidleke, izinkozi zegolide zikhetha izindawo ezivikelwe kakhulu. Imvamisa zisezingeni eliphakeme futhi ngosayizi zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, namamitha ama-3 ububanzi.
Umbhangqwana wakhela isidleke samahlumela, futhi ufakwe ngotshani obuthambile kanye ne-moss. Kuyo yonke impilo, i-eagle yezinduna zegolide yakha izidleke eziningana endaweni ekhethiwe, bese kamuva izishintsha.
Ngokuvamile ukukhahlela kuyashintshana, futhi uma umdala emkhulu kunomncane, uyomxosha ekudleni okulethwa ngubaba bese kuthi owesimame ahlukane kube yizicucwana.
Abazali bayibheka ngokunganaki, futhi kaningi kakhulu kufe ingane encane kunazo zonke. Amakati ahlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezingaba ngu-80, emva kwalokho umama azifundise ukundiza. Lapho ukhuluma namachwane ungakuzwa vota i-laconic, ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, izinkozi zegolide.
Amachwane asemaphondweni ahlala esidlekeni nabazali bawo kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinkozi zegolide cishe siyiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-23. Ezilwaneni zasekhaya, bayakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50. Ngeshwa, lezi zinyoni ezinhle ezinhle ziba zincane minyaka yonke.