Lezi izinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinokuthula. Banesimo esisetshenziswe njengama-disc esakhiwo semizimba yabo, esulwe emaceleni. Umbala oyinhloko yi-grey-beige. Engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba kukhona indawo enxantathu yombala omnyama. Esisekelo se-caudal peduncle kukhona indawo encane emnyama eyindilinga. I-iris ibomvu, kepha kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, zingaba zegolide noma ziwolintshi. Masinyane ngemuva kwamehlo kuyindawo emnyama engwevu. Lapho izinhlanzi zikhula, kukhula intukuthelo emanqeni ayo. Ukwehluka kobulili kumnene. Ubuhlobo bezinhlanzi bunqunywa kuphela esikhathini sangaphambi kokusakazeka izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqhuma, lapho abakhiqizi bevela okuthiwa ama-papillas. Emadodeni, i-vas deferens ifana nesimo sengwegwe ngokugoba ngasendleleni yekhanda. I-oviduct yowesifazane iqondile, cishe ubude obuyi-1 cm.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, usayizi wezinhlanzi ufinyelela ku-30 ​​cm, ezimeni zasemanzini ubukhulu bawo bukhulu futhi bu malunga ne-15 cm.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ezinamabala amnyama zithuthelekela iHuara, kuyathandeka ukuzigcina e-aquarium eqenjini elincane lezinhlanzi ezingama-6-8. I-aquarium kufanele ibe nomthamo wamalitha angama-250 i-pair ngayinye yezinhlanzi, kanti iqembu lezinhlanzi lizodinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-400. Phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezikhona esikoleni kukhona abaphathi abanohlonze - owesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke ohola isikole, bese amalungelo ebhodi engawakhe lowesifazane, bese kuba abesilisa abancane nabesifazane babo. Ezikhundleni ezingavikeleki kakhulu izinhlanzi ngaphandle kwamabili abunjiwe. Ungagcina i-ouara e-aquarium ejwayelekile kuphela ngezinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula.

Izinhlanzi zinamahloni kakhulu, ngakho-ke ku-aquarium udinga ukubeka izindawo zokukhosela eziningi ezahlukene ngangokunokwenzeka ngesimo se-snags, grottoes, amatshe, njll. Ukukhanya ku-aquarium akufanele kube kukhanya kakhulu. Njengomhlabathi, kuyathandeka ukusebenzisa i-gravel eyi-coarse yombala omnyama. I-aquarium kumele imbozwe ngesembozo, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlanzi zingagxuma kalula kuso.

Izinhlanzi ziyamangaza; zidla ukudla okuhlala kahle nokuqandisiwe, ukudla okumisiwe okwenziwe ngeqhwa nenyama enjengenyama yenkomo, kanye nokudla komile okuyi-flakes nama granule. Ukwengeza okuhle ekudleni kwabo kuzoba ngama-spinach amancane namaqabunga ulethisi. Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zidinga ukondliwa kanye ngosuku. Khumbula ukuthi awudingi ukunikeza ukudla kwezilwane kungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma yiziphi izitshalo ezise-aquarium azifakwanga ngokuphelele, ngoba izinhlanzi zabo ziyodla impela.

Amanzi kufanele anelise lezi zidingo ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa 26- 28 ° C, ubulukhuni dH 5-18 ° dGH, acidity pH 6.0-7.5. Izinhlanzi zizwela kakhulu ikhwalithi yamanzi nokuqukethwe yizithako ze-nitrogen kuyo. Kulokhu, ukuhlunga okuthuthukile kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamanzi, kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwangesonto kwe-1/4 ingxenye, kuyadingeka. Kungcono ukubeka izingcezu ze-peat entweni yokuhlunga yesihlungi samanzi.

Izikhala zisebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uba nolaka ngokwengeziwe, kepha imvamisa izinhlanzi ezisebenzayo zezinye izinhlobo (ngisho nezincane) zingahlasela i-ouara zixoshwe endaweni eziyithandayo.

I-cichlazoma enamabala amnyama ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwayo ngezinyanga eziyi-16 ubudala.

Lezi zinhlanzi zingesazo lezo zinhlobo ezinqenqemayo ekungeneni kwazo ngaphansi kwezimo zasemanzini, futhi lokhu kungenxa yezinkinga ekwakhekeni kwamabili abakhiqizi. Ngalesi sizathu, kungcono ekuqaleni ukuthola umhlambi wezinhlanzi ezincane, okuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana zona ngokwazo zizakhe ngababili.

Ukunwebeka kungatholakala zombili ku-aquarium ejwayelekile nasendleleni yokunwebeka. I-Fish for spawning khetha indawo emnyama kunazo zonke e-aquarium. I-pair yabakhiqizi ifakwa ku-aquarium etholakalayo enenqwaba yamalitha ayi-100. Izinhlanzi zikhetha indawo enukayo bese ziqala ukumba umgodi emhlabathini. Isisusa sokunwebeka ukwenyuka kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi lifike ku-30 ​​° C (pH 5.0-5.5). Owesifazane uphonsa amaqanda anamathela etsheni eliyisicaba noma iqabunga lesitshalo. Ngenqubo yokunwebeka, ushanela amaqanda angamakhulu ambalwa wombala wewolintshi. Ababelethi banakekela i-caviar, bayayithanda ngamaphiko abo futhi babambe amaqanda angenalitho.

ICaviar ifukelwe izinsuku ezimbili. Ngemuva kokudonswa kwezibungu, abazali bazidlulisela emgodini ngaphambili owawembiwe emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, i-fry iqala ukubhukuda emhlambini omnyama futhi idle. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, gazinga ususe imfihlo yommbila wezakhi emzimbeni wabazali. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, i-fry inganikezwa i-nauplii artemia. Kuyadingeka ukondla kaningana ngosuku. Ngokuphaka okufanele, lo grey ukhula ngokushesha, futhi ukukhula kwawo akunakubonwa - ngobude akhula kancane kancane kunokuba ukuphakama.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwelebhu elimnyama elinamabala ezimweni zasemanzini yiminyaka eyi-8 kuya kwengu-12.

Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo

Endle, i-ouaru enamabala amnyama ihlala eningizimu Melika, ehlala emanzini ase-Amazon. Abantu bendawo ngokuzithandela babamba izinhlanzi bazisebenzisa njengokudla kwabo. Kepha sibonga ukusakazeka njalo nenani elikhulu lezingane, usongo lokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane aluveli.

Ukubukeka

I-Huaru enamabala amnyama, yize ingeyomndeni wakwa-cichlid, ayinazo izici ezifanayo nabanye abamele ngokubukeka:

1. Usayizi. Ubude bomzimba bomuntu omdala bufika ku-25 cm, endaweni yemvelo, izinhlanzi zikhula zize zibe ngu-30 cm.
2. Use umphimbo kuzinhlanzi zokuthomba, kukhona i-wen enkulu.
3. Isimo somzimba. I-torso ifana ne-disc, ethambile kancane ezinhlangothini. Ibuyela emsileni.
4. Izinhlamvu -kude futhi kukhulu. Imikhawulo ye-anal ne-dorsal fin isesimweni semisebe, ivezwa kancane.
5. Umbala oyisisekelo - grey ngemibala emnyama. Ngaphansi kwesisu kukhona indawo enkulu yombala omnyama. Kuyimpawu ejwayelekile kuma-cichlids amaningi. Amehlo e-uaru nawo ahlelwe ngamnyama. Akufane kutholakale abantu abapendwe ngokuluhlaza ngotshani wegolide. Ezinhlanzini ezinjalo, amehlo anombala obomvu. Ebantwaneni abasebasha abangakafinyeleli ebusheni, amabala amaningi amnyama anesimo esingajwayelekile ayangena emzimbeni. Lo mbala uvumela inhlanzi ukuthi ingabonakali phakathi kwamathanga. Njengoba bekhula, lawo mabala ayanyamalala, kuphela okusele okuyinhloko.

Ukwehluka kobulili. I-Dimorphism inhlanzi ayivezwanga, ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuthi i-amateur ihlukanise ngokubona phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ukuphela kwento oyibhekisisa kakhulu, uyabona ukuthi abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.

Ukwenza uaru uzizwe ukhululekile e-aquarium, kuzodingeka benze izimo ezifanele ezifana nemvelo yemvelo:

1. Ukukhetha amandla. Umthamo we-aquarium kufanele okungenani ube ngamalitha angama-300 iqoqo lezinhlanzi. Bathanda ukuhlala emhlanjini omncane, ngokulandelana, umthamo wesigcini sokufakelwa kufanele ube okungenani amalitha angama-400.
2. Amapharamitha: umbuso wokushisa - kusuka ku- + 26 ° С kuya ku- + 28 ° С, acidity - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7 pH, amanzi kufanele abe athambile, abe nobunzima - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-12 dGH.
3. Ukuhlunga. Amanzi ethangini kufanele ahlale ehlanzekile, kanye nomhlabathi. E-aquarium, kufanele kufakwe isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle. Ukushintshwa kwamanzi masonto onke.
4. Shanela - sihlakazekile.
5. Ukugeleza -buthakathaka.
6. I-Priming - isihlabathi noma amatshe amatshe amancane. Amapulangwe noma amatshe ahlanzekile kufanele abe ngobukhulu obanele. AbakwaHuara bathanda ukugaya ngomhlabathi ngamakhala abo.
7. Imifino. Ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe ama-moss, tshala izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amaqabunga aqine avela emndenini wakwa-Anubias. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nje ngeke zikwazi ukusinda ngeHuara, njengoba izinhlanzi zizodla zona. Uma kungekho mavithamini anele noma ukudla kwezitshalo, izinhlanzi zingadla neminyene.
8. Ukuhlobisa - Phansi kwe-aquarium kufanelekile ukubeka i-driftwood namatshe amakhulu. Ukwakha indawo enhle yezinhlanzi, ungafaka amaqabunga omile ezansi. Kepha uma ekhona, kudingeka ukuthi amanzi aguqulwe kaningi.

Ukondla

Umsoco kufanele uhluka futhi ulinganiswe, ucebiswe ngamavithamini nangamaminerali. Kokubili ukudla kwezilwane nemifino kufanelekile. Imifino - i-zucchini, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, amacembe wesaladi, ayisisekelo semenyu.

Kuvela kulemikhiqizo ukuthi ukudla kwe-ouaru kufanele kube ngama-70%. Ngokuncike kulokhu kuncoma, kungenzeka ukugcina okungenani ezinye izitshalo ku-aquarium.

Ukondla kwenziwa kabili ngosuku, ezingxenyeni ezincane.

Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izinsalela zokudla kufanele zisuswe zingaphezulu kwamanzi ukuze zingangcolisi i-aquarium.

I-Huaru enamabala amnyama (i-Uaru amphiacanthoides)

Umlayezo nyusha Aug 22, 2012 9: 31 pm

Imininingwane ejwayelekile ku-Uaru enebala elimnyama (Uaru amphiacanthoides):

Umndeni: I-cyclic (Cichlidae)
Umsuka: I-Ningizimu Melika (i-Amazon, iRio Negro)
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 25-30
Umswakama: 5.0-7.0
Ukuqina: 1-12
Umkhawulo wosayizi we-Aquarium: 16-20
Ingqimba yendawo yokuhlala: maphakathi eliphansi
Inani eliphansi elinconyiwe le-aquarium kumuntu 1 omdala: 250 amalitha

Eminye imininingwane nge-Uaru amphiacanthoides: Uhlobo lwe-Uaru njengamanje luqukethe izinhlobo ezi-3: Uaru amphiacanthoides no-Uaru fernandezyepezi no-Uaru sp. "U-Orange", owokugcina uyivelakancane. I-Uaru amphiacanthoides itholakala ikakhulu emifuleni yamahlathi enenqwaba yezimpande zezihlahla, iminenkethi, lapho izinhlanzi zizizwa ziphephile, ngakho-ke ku-aquarium udinga ukudala eduze kwezimo zemvelo - isibalo esikhulu seshizi, isihlungi esihle (mhlawumbe se-peat), esingathathi hlangothi noma kancane amanzi amuncu. Emanzini asezingeni eliphansi, athambekele ezifweni zamagciwane. Ziyafana kokuqukethwe nokuziphatha kwe-discus, okungenzeka ngokuqukethwe kwabo okuhlanganayo. Futhi, ngenxa yemvelo yayo enokuthula kakhulu, futhi ingagcinwa ngemikhaba, ama-geophaguses, ama-metinnises ngisho ne-tetras. IHuaru iyi-cichlid ehlakaniphile kakhulu futhi iyayibona inkosi yabo.
UHuaru unomzimba ocindezelwe kamuva. Abantu abadala bangaba novalo olunamafutha emabunzini abo. Izinhlanzi zinomlomo omncane, zihlome ngamazinyo amancane amaningi, zinamehlo amakhulu amakhulu ane-iris ye-orange. I-caudal fin ibunjiwe fan. Umbala womzimba uguquguquka futhi kuya ngeminyaka yezinhlanzi. Fish 3-5 cm ngosayizi, omnyama, we-caudal fin, wokukhanya kwe-dorsal ne-anal fins. Lapho izinhlanzi zifinyelela ubukhulu obungaba ngu-10 cm, ziba nsundu-nsundu, zibe namabala akhanyayo. Umbala wezinhlanzi ezindala ungowomnqumo ngombala nge-luster eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni wonke, unendawo enkulu emnyama ohlangothini lomzimba ukusuka kwikhava yegill kuya kwisisekelo se-caudal fin. Kwowesilisa, amachaphaza amachashaza amachwane akhombe kakhulu kunowesifazane.
UHuaru akakhethi ekudleni, uzodla konke ongamnika kona, okusanhlamvu okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kanye namagremu, umenzi wamathumbu, umhlonyane wegazi, artemia. Kuyadingeka futhi ukunikeza ingxenye yemifino (isaladi, uphizi oluhlaza, i-zucchini). Ahambelani nezitshalo, ngoba zidla ezokugcina.
Kungcono ukugcina iqembu elincane labantu abangama-6-8 emanzini, ukuze izinhlanzi ngokwazo zikwazi ukukhetha umuntu azoshada naye. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ematsheni agobile agqamile kusuka emaqanda ayi-100 kuye kwangama-1000. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokufakwa, insikazi izoshaya amaqanda. Amafutha aqale ondliwe yi-mucus eyemboza isidumbu sabazali bawo. Njengoba ukhula, unganikela ngefry artemia nauplii nama-flakes achotshoziwe.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-Uaru amphiacanthoides yiminyaka eyi-8 kuya kwengu-12.

Ukuvumelana nezinye izakhamizi

IHuara ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi ezolile nenobungane, kepha ngokuvamile, umlingiswa wayo awunalo ulaka njengolwe-cichlids amaningi. Kodwa-ke, isimo sengqondo komakhelwane sincike ngosayizi wethangi. Uma kunendawo eyanele, ngeke kube khona okuhlupha. Omakhelwane abaphakanyisiwe:

Ama-Huaru izinhlanzi zenhlalo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuwagcina ngababili, futhi okungcono emhlambini. Ephakethe, impilo ye-uaru ithobela imithetho yabaphathi. Kepha umhlambi udinga i-aquarium eyisayizi efanelekile.

Izici Zokuphindaphindeka

Kuyinkinga ukuzala ama-wuara amnyama amabala. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ubunzima ekuhlukaniseni insikazi nowesilisa.

Ukuze uthole inzalo enokwenzeka okukhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqala ube nomhlambi wezinsikazi okungenani ezi-6 nowesilisa ongu-1.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, lo mbhangqwana uzokwakha wedwa, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu wasemanzini.

Ukuqeqeshwa nokusabalalisa. I-aquarium ephumelelayo idinga i-aquarium ebanzi okungenani yamalitha angama-300. Izici nezincomo zokuzalela iHuara:

1. Ukusaphaza - kungenzeka e-aquarium ejwayelekile. Owesifazane ngokuzalela amaqanda ukhetha izindawo ezimnyama ezifihliwe kunazo zonke.
2. Indawo yokubeka amaqanda i-substrate, lapho amatshe asebenza khona. Owesifazane nowesilisa abanekhala labo bakhipha izimbali zokukhanywa.
3. Isisusa se-Spawning ukwehla kwamazinga ama-1-2, bese kuthi ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi. Kuyadingeka nangenye indlela ukushintsha ibanga lokuqina.
4. Isici sokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuluka - zingalingisa inqubo yokuzala. Kulokhu, insikazi yenza umsebenzi wesilisa.
5. Inani lamaqanda ngokuqhuma okukodwa - ama-500 ama-PC.
6. Isikhathi sokufakwa izinsuku ezintathu.

Ama-nuances okuzala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zikhetha izindawo ezimnyama kakhulu futhi ezingenakufinyeleleka kuzo lapho zingena khona, kunengozi yokuthi abazali basatshiswe futhi bamane badle i-caviar. Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqala kungcindezi enkulu kakhulu iHuara. Ngakho-ke, akunconywa okokuqala ngqa ukubamba izithandani ethangini elihlukile.

Lapho izinhlanzi zibona ukuthi zizungezwe omakhelwane abamele usongo olungaba khona, lokhu kuzobakhuthaza ukuba bavikele inzalo yabo. Ukuvikela amaqanda kusuka kwabangasebenzi kahle, ungabeka ukwahlukanisa endaweni yamakhosi.

Nakekela inzalo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-6 kuzalwe uFry uzimele. Baqala ukubhukuda ngenxa yokucasha bafuna ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, badinga ukuthi bondliwe ama-cyclops, ama-rotifers, artemia nauplii. Ngisho nefry kudingeka inikezwe ukudla kwemvelaphi yezitshalo - amaqabunga e-ulethisi, i-dandelion.

Ekuqaleni, gazinga imnyama ngombala. Kancane kancane ithola amafomu aphuzi, amachashazi amhlophe emzimbeni wonke.

Lapho i-fry ikhula ibe ngu-5 cm, umbala wabo ekugcineni uzokwakheka futhi uzofana nakubantu abadala.

Izifo ezingaba khona

Lapho udala zonke izimo ezinhle ku-aquarium, i-ouara enamabala amnyama izothokozela isikhathi eside ngemibala yayo egqamile nemikhuba ethokozisayo. Kodwa kufanelekile ukwephula amapharamitha wamanzi noma ukwenza iphutha ekudleni, ngoba i-ouaru ingagula:

1. Ukushoda kweVitamin. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa yi-lethargy kanye nokunganaki, ukuhamba kancane, ukwenqaba ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-discoloration iyabonakala. Imbangela yokuvela ukungondleki, inani elanele lamavithamini. Ukwelapha nokuvimbela okuqhubekayo kubandakanya ukuguqula indlela odla ngayo. Izakhiwo ezinesivithamini-mineral ziyimpoqo. Kunconyelwe futhi ukondla i-Huara ngokudla kwezimboni okuqukethe amavithamini namaminerali.
2. I-Hexamitosis. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala kwezindawo ezimhlophe ekhanda, kumnyama umbala, ukukhathala, ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla. Imbangela yalesi sifo ukutheleleka nge-parasites ngenxa yamanzi asezingeni elifanele. Izinhlanzi ezigulayo kufanele zithunyelwe endaweni yokugcina ehlukile ngaphandle kokuhluleka. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukuhlela amabhathi nge-Erythrocycline (nge-1 litre kuya ku-50 mg) neTrichopolum (nge-1 litre 10 mg). Inkambo yokwelashwa iyizinsuku eziyi-10. Lapho eseqede ukwelashwa, inhlanzi kufanele ishiywe esitsheni esihlukile izinsuku eziningana.

Ukudla kwe-Ouaru

Ekudleni kwabantu abadala kwe-vivo Huaru Amaphesenti angama-80 aqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo. Amaphesenti angama-20 asele ukudla kwezilwane.
Ukudla okuthandwayo kwezinhlanzi ku-aquarium: duckweed, iklabishi ebilisiwe, ulethisi, isipinashi, i-dandelion, ama-apula asikiwe, ukhukhamba, i-zucchini encane.
Amacembe aluhlaza agezwa kahle, aqoqwe ngoxhaxha futhi anamathiselwe kuwo umthwalo, obekwe ku-aquarium. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, akukho mkhondo osalayo wakhe.

Ngokuntuleka kwengxenye yesitshalo ekudleni, izinhlanzi zivame ukugula nge-avitominosis, kwesinye isikhathi eziphoqa ukuthi zigaye okukhona kwe-driftwood e-aquarium, iququde izindlela ezibonakalayo kuzo.

Eminyakeni engama-60-70s yekhulu lokugcina, lapho ama-olwandle ayatholakala kuphela asendle, futhi ngenxa yalokho discus ebiza kakhulu, Huaru ibekwe njenge "discus for abampofu."
Kokubili i-fry encane kanye nabantu abadala babethengiswa ngemali engaphansi kwe-1/3 yezindleko ze-discus zasendle, futhi ukuma kwe-torso yabo nemikhuba yabo kwakufana.

Ukuziphatha Huaru ejwayelekile omelele umndeni we-cichl.
Ukuze ugcine umbhangqwana udinga i-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayi-150. Eqenjini elincane Huaru Kuzodingeka i-aquarium okungenani amalitha angama-300, futhi kungcono uma inhlobo. Ubunzima bamanzi bungasukela ku-6 kuye ku-20, futhi inani le-pH le-pH lisuka kumayunithi ayi-6.2 kuya kwangama-7.5.

Ukushisa okuphezulu kwe Huaru, kanye ne-discus, kulele ku-28-30 ° C, yize izinhlanzi zikwazi ukubekezelela ukwehla kwesikhashana kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi kuya ku-20 ° C. Kepha ukuhlukumeza lokhu kudikibalisa kakhulu kusukela lapho Huaru kuvezwa kalula yimfuluwenza.

Izimbotshana zeHuaru e-aquarium

Kwezinye izifo ezivame kakhulu, i-hexamitosis noma isifo semgodi ingahlukaniswa. Iphathwa nge-trichopol (7-10 mg / l), i-ericycin (70-100 mg / l), ukuvezwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-7-14, ekushiseni okungama-32-36 ° С kanye nokuqhutshwa kwamanzi okusebenzayo.

Huaru ezibucayi kokuqukethwe kwamakhompiyutha e-nitrogen emanzini, ngakho-ke, e-aquarium nawo, i-biofiltration ephumelelayo (mhlawumbe nge-peat), ukuguqulwa kwama-aeration nezikhathi ezithile zamanzi okungenani ama-30% wevolumu ye-aquarium masonto onke.

Naphezu kokubukeka okunamandla Huaru empeleni musa ukunaka ngisho nomakhelwane abambalwa. Isikhathi esiningi asemakhamelweni, noma aphethwe eqenjini eliphakathi nendawo elingaphansi lamanzi.
Njengoba izinhlanzi zemvelo ngokweqile ngokwemvelo, zinomkhuba ocacile wokudla izimbali zasemanzini. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala izitshalo eziphilayo e-aquarium empeleni akunangqondo kusukela kungekudala kuzodliwa. Ukukhanyisa i-aquarium kungcono ukusebenzisa.

Amabili akhiwa kuphela esikhathini sokuhlanza. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi Huaru ube nolaka ngokwengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, abantu abanolaka ngokwengeziwe bezinye izinhlobo (ngisho nokuphelelwa yizo ngosayizi) bavame ukuhlasela Huaruebaxosha kude nendawo abayithandayo.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

I-dimorphism yezocansi ibuthakathaka, imibala yabamele bobabili ubulili iyafana, kepha abesilisa baphutha kakhulu, bancanyana futhi banciphile kunabesifazane. Kungenzeka ukuthola ubulili ngokuzethemba kuphela esikhathini sokuzala, lapho abesilisa benomugqa wesidoda okhonjiwe, kanti izintokazi zibe ne-ovipositor enkulu, ebunjiwe ngopende.

Ukuzalela i-Aurora emanzini

Ovuthiwe ngocansi Huaru yiba ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ezinyangeni eziyi-16-16, ifinyelele ngalesi sikhathi usayizi ongu-18-20 cm.
Ukuzala Huaru I-aquarium iyinkimbinkimbi impela, yize ihlukile kancane ekuzalweni kwamanye ama-cichlids aseNingizimu Melika.

Adobe Huaru ngoFry

Impumelelo yayo incike kuma-90% ekukhetheni abakhiqizi, ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthola intsha engama-8-10. Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, izinhlanzi kufanele zondliwe ngamakhukhamba acwengekileyo acwengekile isikhathi eside, ukudla okunjalo kunomthelela ekuvuthweni okungcono kwemikhiqizo yokuzala.

Ibhangqa elenziwa ngokuzithandela livame ukunqampuna ku-aquarium efanayo elikuqukethe, likhethe indawo ebomvu kakhulu yalokhu.

Abakhiqizi bangafakelwa endaweni ehlukile yokuqhekeka, kusuka ku-100 cm ubude ngamashalofu, agcwaliswe ngamanzi analezi zinhlaka ezilandelayo: T = 27-30 ° C, dGH 2-5 °, pH 5.5-6.

Umbhangqwana ofaniswe kahle kamuva ukhula ngokuzinikela ngezikhathi ezithile.

Isendlalelo esivulekile singaba itshe elikhulu, imbiza yezimbali, noma enye into enendawo ebushelelezi. Ngasikhathi sinye kanye nokulungiswa kwe-substrate yokuluka Huaru yenza ikhefu emhlabathini.
Ukusakaza kuthatha cishe amahora amabili.

Ubunzima obukhulu besifazane bufika kumaqanda angama-500 ngokuqhuma, ngokuvamile buyi-150-300. ICaviar incane, iphuzi ngokugqamile.

Abasanda kwenziwa abazali bangadla imichilo yokuqala. Isixazululo sale nkinga kungaba ukudluliselwa kwamaqanda ku-incubator. Njengoba kunabakhiqizi abahle abanakekela izingane zabo ngenkani, i-fry ivame ukukhula ngokushesha kunokuba ifakwe ku-incubator.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ngenxa yokungahambelani ekunakekeleni ifry, ukuxabana kuphakama phakathi kwabazali. Kulokhu, omunye wabakhiqizi kufanele afakwe kwesinye isitsha.

Ekushiseni okungu-30 ° C, isikhathi sokufakwelwa cishe izinsuku ezimbili. Abakhiqizi baqoqa izibungu ezihlafunwayo bese bezibeka emgodini olungiselelwe kusengaphambili emhlabathini.

Ngosuku lwesithathu, izibungu ziqoqana emhlambini omnyama ofana nethayile, kulesi simo zichitha ezinye izinsuku ezimbili, okuthi emva kwalokho, ziphenduke zibe yi-fry, ziqale ukubhukuda ngenkuthalo.

Njenge-discus, i-starter feed Fry Huaru usebenza njengemfihlo yokuzivikela egcinwe ebusweni bomzimba wabazali bobabili. Ngenkathi omunye wabo ephumule, eqoqa imfihlo enempilo, enye ithwala inzalo yakhe. Ukudlulisa u-fry kumlingani, Huaru aqhakaza ngokuqinile ebusweni bamanzi, kanti i-fry iqhubekela komunye umzali.

Kubantu base-aquarium, ukucashelwa kwe-epithelial kuvame ukubakhona ngesamba esinganele noma kungabikho ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokuqala baphakwa nge-plankton encane kunazo zonke - ama-rotifers, nauplii we-brine shrimp noma ama-cyclops, lapho kungekho khona lokhu kudla ungasebenzisa isikhuphasha seqanda esiphekwe ngokuqinile noma ukudla okwenziwe ngetshezi okulungiselelwe uFry (JBL).

Khula uHuara osemncane emzabalazweni wokudla

Njengoba bekhula, uFry udla ngokuzithandela ukudla okujwayelekile kwezilwane: ama-cyclops, i-daphnia, i-coronetra ne-tubule.

Ngaphezu okuphakelayo kwendabuko, ekudleni kwentsha Huaru duckweed kufanele ifakwe. Eminyakeni emithathu sezinyanga ezintathu, izinketho zabo zokudla zishintsha kakhulu, amapheshana amathenda wesipinashi, isaladi noma i-dandelion aba yingxenye ebalulekile ekudleni.

Fry Huaru edwetshwe ngombala we-violet-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enamachashazi amhlophe asabalale emzimbeni wonke nangamaphiko.
Imvamisa kuyenzeka ukuthi ukhulise esimweni esidala esingadluli kwengxenye yesithathu yenani lamafry.

Ngenxa yemicimbi engandile yokuzalanisa Huaru ekuthunjweni nokungeniswa okulinganiselwe kakhulu okuvela eBrazil, inani labantu bezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinhlobonhlobo liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo. Akumangazi ukuthi intengo yale cichlid inyuke kakhulu. Noma Huaru ayinayo imibala emibalabala efana ne-discus, iyisakhamuzi esamukelekayo sasemanzini, ngenxa yobunzima bokuzala nokuziphatha okuthakazelayo.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iqembu labantu abadala Huaru e-aquarium enkulu, ehlotshiswe kahle ngemisipha nangamatshe, ngokukhanyiswa kombala okunqotshisiwe kungumbono omuhle kakhulu.

Izici zangaphandle

I-ouaru enamabala amnyama inekhanda elikhulu, amehlo e-yellow ejulile abekwe kuyo, umlomo wayo mkhulu, unezindebe eziwugqinsi. Ukuvumelanisa komzimba ku-oval, kuthambile kancane ezinhlangothini, kunwebekile, kufakwe emsileni. Emgqonyeni we-dorsal and anal kukhona imisebe enama-spiny enokubukeka ngenxa yokuvezwa kwendalo kwemiphetho. Lawa manzi amade, athambile, ane-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala oyisisekelo wabantu abadala onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona nezinsimbi ezinezilinganiso ezimnyama ngombala omnyama endaweni emhlophe. Kukhona nezinhlanzi ezinezikali ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani kanye nomugqa obomvu omnyama odayiwe.

Bheka izinkuni ezinobungane obumnyama.

Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zinophawu olunamafutha omncane emphinjeni, namabala amathathu amnyama: amabili ngemuva kweso, emsileni, nangaphansi komzimba. Ukukhula okuncane kumbozwe izindawo eziningi ezinsundu, ezizisiza ukuba zilingise imvelo, zizivikele engozini. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa buthaka - ubulili kulula ukucacisa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, lapho owesilisa enomsele womugqa we-seminal egobile ohlangothini, kuthi owesifazana abe no-ovipositor obunjwe ngophakathi.

I-Huaru enamabala amnyama, njengama-cichlid amaningi, ayifanele ngokuphelele ukugcina endaweni evamile ye-aquarium, yize ingahambisana nama-cichlid amakhulu avela emifuleni yaseNingizimu Melika. Lesi yisikole sezinhlanzi, uthanda iqembu lezihlobo, elizizwa likhululekile kulo. Izici zokuziphatha zivezwa ephaketheni, kwakhiwa ubukhosi. Izinhlanzi ezine zidinga ithangi le-400-500 litre.

Izinhlanzi ezinamabala amnyama zinomzimba we-discoid, ubude obuyi-20-30 cm. Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni siyiminyaka engama-8-10. Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zalolu hlobo zinemibala yomzimba onsundu; ibala elimnyama njengotshani libonakala kuso, ngoba izinhlanzi zaqamba igama lazo.

Ungagcina kanjani ku-aquarium

Beka izingibe ezanele, imihume, ama-grottoes "endlini" yamanzi bese ushiya isikhala esiningi sokubhukuda kwamahhala. Ukunciphisa insimu, ungafaka ukufakwa kwamatshe okuqondile. I-pair eyodwa yezinhlanzi izodinga amalitha amanzi angama-150-200. Izitshalo zamanzi zidla i-Uuar, ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele lapho ukhetha imifino ye-aquascaping - izihlahla ezibunjiwe zezitshalo ezilukhuni ezilukhuni (i-anubias, i-cryptocorynes, i-echinodorus). Isikole sezinhlanzi sibhukuda phakathi nobubanzi bamanzi.

Izinhlanzi ziyazwela imingcele yendawo yasemanzini: ayikubekezeleli ukungcoliswa kwamanzi yi-nitrogen ne-ammonia, kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa. Faka isihlungi esinamandla ku-aquarium, yenza ama-40% wevolumu yamanzi avela e-aquarium kanye ngesonto okusha futhi okusha, faka i-compressor nge-aeration. Izinhlanzi ze-Wild uaru zihlala emanzini ane-acid enobunzima be-12 o, ngakho-ke kubamele abakwa-aquarium udinga ukunamathela ngamapharamitha angekho ngaphezulu kwe-14-15 o, i-acidity yamanzi ingu-6.0-7.0 pH. Amanzi kufanele afudumele, angabi ngaphansi kuka-22 degrees Celsius, umbuso ofanele wokushisa: 25-30 o C.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, inhlanzi emnyama ye-ouaru enamabala ingathola ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kanye ne-hexamitosis. Ngakho-ke, engeza ukudla kwezitshalo ekudleni kwakho - ulethisi, iklabishi elivuthiwe, udayiwe, amaqabunga e-dandelion, izingcezu ze-apula. Ungakhohlwa okuphakelayo okubukhoma - i-tubifex, corvette, inyama eshisiwe. Unganikeza ukhukhamba oqoshiwe, u-squash, ukondla nge-spirulina algae, equkethe i-fiber eyanele. Ukudla ingxenye, izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku - ekuseni nakusihlwa, ungazidli ngokweqile izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ukuze ukudla okusele kungaboli futhi kungaboli.

Bheka ucezwana olumnyama olunefreyimu.

Imithetho yokuzalanisa

Izinhlanzi ziyavuthwa ngokocansi, zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-10-12 izinyanga. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalanisa kuthunjwa kudinga kulandelwe imithetho ethile. Into yokuqala ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zingavela endaweni ehlala emanzini, zikhethe izidleke, amakamelo anombala wokuzalela. Uma ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlala ethangini, zingaba usongo kuFry. Ukuqhekeka kungenzeka ngemuva kokunyuka kokushisa kwamanzi ngamadigri athile (ama-degrees angama-28- 30). Ubulukhuni bamanzi akufanele kube ngaphezulu kuka-8 °, acidity - 6.5-7.0 pH.

Inhlanzi yowesifazane ilingisa inqubo yokuqalwa kokuzala uma insikazi eyodwa ithatha indawo yeduna elihamba phambili. Ikhiqiza amaqanda amakhulu ama-300-500, ayibeka ngaphansi kwamatshe. ICaviar ifakwe amahora angama-72, ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku ezintathu uFry azoqala ukubhukuda ngokuzimela eyofuna ukudla. Ukuqala kokudla - izindlala zesikhumba emzimbeni wabazali, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi banganikwa izibungu ze-artemia, ama-rotifers, ama-cyclops. Fry amasonto ama-2 weminyaka adinga ukudla kwezitshalo - zinike ulethisi ne-dandelion ezikalwe ngamanzi abilayo. Ababelethi batlhogomela inzalo yabo bebodwa.

Ukuphila endalweni

Inhlanzi yaqala yachazwa ngo-1840 nguHaeckel. Le cichlid ihlala eMelika ese Melika, eAmazon nasezinkampanini zayo. Amanzi ezindaweni ezinjalo athambile, ene-pH engaba ngu-6.8.

Abahlali bendawo bayibamba ngenkuthalo ukuze bayisebenzise, ​​kepha lokhu akubesabisi abantu.

Emvelweni, zidla izinambuzane, izibungu, i-detritus, izithelo nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.

Incazelo

Esibhakabhakeni esinombala omnyama ngaphezulu, umzimba unesimo se-disc, bese ufinyelela osayizi abangama-30 cm ngokwemvelo. Kepha ku-aquarium imvamisa, incane ku-20-25 cm.

Ngasikhathi sinye, isikhathi sokuphila ngokunakekelwa okuhle sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-8-10.

Abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili ngombala onsundu ngombala, onendawo enkulu emnyama emzimbeni ophansi, ngokusho kwabo bahlukaniswa kalula kwamanye ama-cichlids. Futhi amabala amnyama kungenzeka abe azungeze amehlo.

Ubunzima kokuqukethwe

IHuara yake yabizwa ngokuthi “i-Discus for Mpofu,” ngenxa yokufana kwayo ne-discus nentengo yayo ephansi.

Manje le nhlanzi iyatholakala, noma ingatholakali ngokuthengisa kangako. Gcina kube ngabasolwandle abanolwazi oluthile, ngoba i-wuar iyinhlanzi ethambile futhi efunekayo. Alubekezeleli ushintsho ngamapharamitha wamanzi, kanye nokuqongelelwa kwemikhiqizo yokubola emanzini.

I-aquarist equkethe amathumba kufanele ilungiselelwe ukubheka amapharamitha wamanzi futhi iguquke njalo amanzi, isuse okuphilayo okuseleyo.

Inhlanzi cishe ayinayo intukuthelo, uma uyigcina inhlanzi enobukhulu obulinganayo, kungcono ama-cichlids. Kepha, lo mthetho awusebenzi nezinhlanzi ezincane, azithatha njengokudla.

Futhi, kungcono ukuyigcina eqenjini, noma okungenani umbhangqwana, ngoba inhlanzi inenhlalo enkulu kakhulu.

Ukuzala

Ukuzalaniswa kwale cichlid kuyinkimbinkimbi impela, mhlawumbe lesi yisizathu sokusatshalaliswa kwayo okuncane.

Okokuqala, kunzima ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesilisa, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthola inzalo, kungcono ukuthi ube nezinhlanzi ezi-6 noma ngaphezulu, bese lo mbhangqwana uzenzele wona uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pair yokuqhafaza idinga i-aquarium ebanzi, kusuka kumalitha angama-300.

Yize insikazi ithanda izindawo ezimnyama neziseceleni ukubeka amaqanda, kepha noma kunjalo lokhu akuvimbi abazali bayo, bavame ukusaba futhi badle i-caviar.

Kunconywa ukuzalanisa izikhathi zokuqala ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, ngoba ukusatshalaliswa kokuqala kuhlotshaniswa nengcindezi enkulu kubo. Futhi ukuba khona komakhelwane kudala ukubukeka njengosongo futhi kuphoqa inhlanzi ukuvikela i-clutch.

Ukuze bangadli i-caviar ngenkathi abazali babo bephazanyiswa, ungakwazi ukubamba umcebo ngosizo lokuhlukanisa. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi zizobona abaphikisi, kepha ngeke zikwazi ukufinyelela amaqanda.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda aphakathi kuka-100 no-400, futhi bobabili abazali bayayinakekela. I-Malek hatch zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-4, futhi ikhula ngokushesha ngokwanele, ifinyelele kubungako be-5 cm ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Amajaha adla umiyane ophuma emizimbeni yabazali bawo, ngakho-ke akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuthi uwuthele, ikakhulukazi uma ungenaso isipiliyoni.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukubithi iqiniso lokuthi i-fry idinga ukondliwa, kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngokunikeza i-nauplii artemia.

Fry imnyama ngombala, kancane kancane iba phuzi ngamachashazi amhlophe, kuthi lapho ifinyelela ku-5 cm iqale ukubala.