I-Pecilia (lat.Xiphophorus maculatus) ingenye yezinhlanzi ezaziwa kakhulu e-aquarium. Ukungabekezeleleki, ubuhle, imibala ehlukahlukene nokulula kokuzala, kwayenza yathandwa kakhulu.
Ufana ne-guppy, ophethe inkemba, unomswakama uviparous, okungukuthi, uzalela amaqanda ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Mayelana nokuqukethwe kwePecilia nokuzalela, sizotshela esihlokweni sethu.
Babukeka kanjani? Kanjani futhi yini ukondla i-pecilia? Ingabe bayinkimbinkimbi kokuqukethwe? Ungazalanisa kanjani? Le mibuzo neminye izophendulwa yi-athikili yethu.
Incazelo
I-Pecilia iyinhlanzi encane, ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-3.5 - 5, futhi isikhathi sokuphila cishe siyiminyaka eyi-3-4. Ngokuqondene nokubukeka nokungena imibala, zingahluka kakhulu, kumane nje akunakwenzeka ukuchaza konke.
Singasho kuphela i-discilia pelisia, ifomu elithathwe ngokukhethekile ngomgogodla ogobekile futhi ngenxa yalokhu umzimba okhethekile, libizwa nangokuthi i-pelcilia balloon.
Empeleni, akukho mehluko kokuqukethwe phakathi kwe-pecilia ejwayelekile nesilinda. Lesi sakamuva, ngenxa yokushintshwa kwezitho zomzimba kanye namathambo, asisizi kakhulu.
Ukondla
Emvelweni, i-pecillia idla izinambuzane kanye ne-algae. Futhi e-aquarium, bayakujabulela ukudla noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphakelayo.
Kubalulekile ukufaka ukudla okuqukethe i-fiber ekudleni kwePecilia, kungakhanywa ngamakhambi ngezakhi zemifino noma ngemifino enenwele - ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, isipinashi.
Emvelweni, i-algae yakha ingxenye enkulu yokudla, futhi ukudla kwezitshalo kunomthelela ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwepheshana lesisu le-percussion.
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwezilwane, angaba yiluphi uhlobo - ama-bloodworms, ishubhu, i-artemia ne-corpetra aphelele.
Ukudideka kokuqukethwe
Izinhlanzi zilungele bonke abaqalayo kanye nezinzuzo. Phakathi kwe-pecilli, wonke umuntu uzozitholela izinhlanzi ezihehayo.
Cishe cishe yonke i-viviparous, i-Pecilia ayizethembi futhi ihlala kuyo. Zingagcinwa futhi emanzini amancane, kusuka kumalitha angama-40-50, kepha ngaphezulu kungcono.
Phakathi kwabo, abakhombisi ubudlova (ngokungafani nezinkemba), futhi bangagcinwa ngobuningi besifazane. Eyeduna eyodwa yanele kwabesifazane ababili noma abathathu.
Amapharamitha wamanzi awabalulekanga kakhulu, amanzi wobulukhuni obuphakathi azoba alungile (15 - 30 dGH), acidity ngaphakathi ph: 7.0-8.3, kanye lokushisa kwamanzi 22-25 C.
Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile futhi asha, kungakuhle ukuthi ushintshe ingxenye yamanzi masonto onke (kuze kufike ku-20%).
I-Filtration ne-aeration kuyinto efiselekayo, kepha uma i-aquarium ingenabantu, khona-ke inganakwa.
Ezweni
Izwe lamaPecilians yiMelika, lapho lihlala khona emifuleni ephansi yemifula egeleza olwandle i-Atlantic. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le mhlambi yokufunda inombala kusuka ku-grey ophuzi kuya kokubonakalayo. Akunakubizwa ukuthi kukhange kakhulu, futhi izinhlanzi ezigqamile zanamuhla zingumphumela womsebenzi wabalimi.
I-Pecilia ikhula ngokwemvelo ifinyelela ku-18 cm, futhi amafomu e-aquarium awadluli ku-5 cm ubude. Imizimba yabo ifingqiwe ngesimo esifana ne-rhombus enemali eyanele yomsila ngokwanele. Ikhanda lilingana nomzimba, linamehlo amakhulu. Umlomo uphakeme. Ukuhamba kwenhlanzi kuyashesha ngokulingana, abushelelezi, abusonteki.
Impilo emvelweni, izinhlanzi zikhetha izindawo ezinamaphaza aminyene wezitshalo zasemanzini lapho zingacasha khona ezidlaleni. Ukudla kuqukethe i-algae nezinambuzane, kanye nama-invertebrates amancane asemanzini angenalo igobolondo eliqinile.
Lezi zinhlanzi zalethwa eYurophu sekwephuzile - kuphela ngekhulu lama-20. Babazisa bephuma eMexico naseGuatemala. Uhlobo lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1886. E-U.S., Lezi zinhlobo zaqala ukuba nentshisekelo ngabafuyi bezimpahla abazisebenzisayo, ngemizamo yabo, bekwazi ukuthola izimbongi ezinhle zamachibi asekhaya ukusuka ebomvu kuye kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aqine futhi athethelela amaphutha amaningi ekunakekeleni i-aquarium, kusuka ezinhlanzini zasendle ezibonakala zingabonakali. Ama-pecilia anokuthula futhi akwazi ukuhambisana kahle nenani elikhulu lezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Imithetho yokuqukethwe
Yize izinhlanzi zithathwa njengezabahlali base-aquarium abangenakhohlisa, basadinga ukudala izimo zokuhlala ezinhle. Izilwane ezifuywayo zidinga amanzi ahlanzekile, ongeke aqukethe i-ammonia ne-nitrite. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunakekela uhlelo lokuhlunga lwekhwalithi. Kuzodinga futhi ukufudumeza kwamanzi okulawulwa njalo ukuze kungapholi ngaphansi kwezinga elidingekayo. Ukuba khona kwe-compressor for aeration kuyadingeka, ngisho nangobuningi bezitshalo, ngaphandle kwento enjalo, inhlanzi ngeke izizwe ikhululekile, futhi isikhathi sayo sokuphila sizokwehla kakhulu.
IVolumu Yamanzi (ngamalitha nge-1 isampula) | Ukushisa (° C) | I-Acidity (pH) | Ubulukhuni (dGH) |
24-27 | 8-25 | 7,5-8 | 2 |
Ukuhlanza kwe-Aquarium kwenziwa kanye ngeviki, ngenkathi kuthathelwa indawo i-⅓ yenani lamanzi eliphelele. Ngokufaka esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa amanzi amasha kuphela ngemuva kokuthi esezinzile futhi esefudumele kufudumele olufunayo. Uma kunesidingo, amapharamitha wokufaka kufanele afingqiwe nalawo anamanzi e-aquarium, kusetshenziswa ukwakheka okukhethekile okuthengiswa ezitolo zezilwane.
I-Pecilia ibhukuda ngenkuthalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele bakhethe i-aquarium enxande, ubukhulu obujule kakhulu noma ububanzi, ukuze izilwane ezifuyayo zihambe ngokukhululeka zisuka phezulu ziye phansi. Ivolumu yayo ifiseleka kusuka ku-100 l, ngoba uma kungenjalo kungaba yinkinga ukugcina izinhlanzi emhlambini ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo. Uma ufuna ukungabi ngaphezu kwama-pecilia ayi-5, ungazikhawulela kumthamo wamalitha angama-50, ungeza inkampani ye-pecilia nge-catfish kanye nabanye omakhelwane abathanda ukuthula abahlala kwezinye izingqimba zamanzi.
Uthando lwemvelo ngobuningi bezitshalo ongafihla kuzo, lwenza kube nesidingo sokudonswa kwamanzi amaningi e-aquarium. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izitshalo zangempela ezinamaqabunga amakhulu. Imifino yokufakelwa emzimbeni ingaba endaweni yokugcina amanzi, kepha kuphela uma ingezinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Phezu kwamanzi, kuhle ukuvumela i-roschia rosettes ukuthi intethe, okwenza ukukhanya ku-aquarium kube yimvelo, kuhlanganiswe. Ingaphambili lishiywa livulekile ukuze izinhlanzi zibe nesikhala sokubhukuda okusebenzayo.
Inhlabathi, njengangemuva, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhethe omnyama. Ngakho-ke i-pecilia izobukeka ihlaba umxhwele ngangokunokwenzeka futhi imibala yabo izovela ikhanya. Uma amanzi ethambile kakhulu, khona-ke i-sandstone ingabekwa phansi, okwandisa ubulukhuni bayo.
Isembozo siphoqelekile e-aquarium, ngoba iPecilia yinhlanzi eqa ingafa kalula ngaphandle kokuphuma emanzini. Uma ithangi lingafakwanga ngesivalo, lingafakwa endaweni ethile ngengcezu yengilazi, ezobe iboshwe ngaphezulu.
Ukuvumelana
I-Pecilia ibizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi "ye-alkaline", futhi kubalulekile ukukucabanga lokhu lapho ukhetha omakhelwane. Akunakwenzeka ukudonsa izinhlanzi kubo ezidinga amanzi athambile noma acwebile. Ngaseceleni ngokubambisana nezinhlobo ezinjalo:
- izinkemba
- molliesia
- guppies
- ama-tetras ahlukahlukene
- I-Apistogram Ramirezi,
- zebrafish
- catfish, kufaka ne-chain-mail.
Izinhlanzi ezinjalo azamukeleki njengomakhelwane:
- igolidefish - ngenxa yokuhluka ngosayizi, bayobona i-pectilia njengokudla kwabo futhi bayigwinye,
- izinhlanzi ezidlayo
- izinhlobo ezingalungele amapharamitha wamanzi.
Akunakwenzeka ukwengeza i-shrimp enamanzi amhlophe kwi-pecilli, uma incane ngosayizi. Lapho izakhamizi ezinjalo zikhulu ngokwanele ukuba zigwinywe, zingahlanganiswa nezinhlanzi, ezizobukeka zingajwayelekile futhi zihlobisa.
Ngokuvamile, ukuhambisana kwezinhlobo komakhelwane bazo kuphezulu impela.
Isifo
Izifo zivame ukuvela kuphela ngenxa yokulondolozwa okungafanele kwezinhlanzi emanzini, lapho zinganikezwa ukuhlanzeka okwanele kwamanzi, futhi kukhona nokudla okungafanele. I-Pecilia imelana kakhulu nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kwabo nge-ichthyophthyroidism kanye ne-parasisic pathologies kusenokwenzeka. Ama-parasites angangena e-aquarium ngokudla okuphilayo okukhwalithi ephansi, kanye nokuthi izinhlanzi ezintsha bezingakahlalwa ngaphambi kokuba zibe se-aquarium ejwayelekile.
Ukuzala
Izinhlanzi zi-viviparous futhi zizalela kalula ngisho nasema-aquarium ajwayelekile, lapho kukhona khona izitshalo ezanele, ngoba uFry angacasha kuzo, ngaphandle kwalokho azodliwa ngabantu abadala, kubandakanya nabazali babo. Uma ufuna ukuthola inani elikhulu lezilwane ezisencane, khona-ke izinhlanzi kufanele zikhuliswe endaweni yokuhlwanyela, lapho inzalo ingeke ibe sengozini.
Ukuvuthwa kwenhlanzi kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuya kwezi-12. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa futhi zondlekile kahle, zibukeka zinhle futhi zinhle. Abesilisa bashintshe i-anal fin, ebukeka njengethhubhu. Ngesikhathi sokuvuka ngocansi, umbala wabantu bobabili ubulili uqaqeka ngokukhethekile.
Kwowesifazane, isisu sikhuphuka ngosayizi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, bese kuvela indawo emnyama endaweni ye-anal fin, etholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-viviparous. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwifry, iso kuqala ifomu, futhi yibona ababonakala odongeni oluncane lwe-peritoneum futhi banikeze umbala omnyama. Isikhathi sokuqala insikazi ikhiqiza hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-20 gry, bese kuthi ngemuva kwalokho ibe ngama-50. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, uhlukaniswa ngokushesha enzalweni yakhe.
Fry ngemuva kokuzalwa isivele izimele. Ukugcinwa kwabazali akudingeki. Fry kufanele inikezwe nge-yolk ebilisiwe yamaqanda enkukhu, i-artemia nokuphakelwa okukhethekile. Ukudla okubukhoma, izinhlanzi zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kusukela kumaviki ayi-6, i-fry kufanele ihlelwe ngosayizi nobulili. Lokhu kuzogwema insangu.
Ibhaluni
Ifomu lokuzala, elinomzimba olungisiwe nomgogodla ogobile kanye nesisu esandisiwe. Ngaphandle, inhlanzi enjalo ibukeka njengePecilia ejwayelekile enomzimba omfushane futhi omile kakhulu. Izinhlobo zingakhombisa izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuzala ngenxa yokuqothuka komgogodla nokususwa kwezitho zangaphakathi.
Mnyama
Inhlanzi enjalo inombala oyinyama omnyama, kepha amaphiko lawo angaba bomvu, aphuzi noma e-orange. Abanye abantu bangaba namaphini anomngcele osobala kanye nomphetho opendwe wesiphunga, obukeka kahle kakhulu futhi uyamangalisa.
Ukukhetha isifo sohlobo lwanoma iluphi uhlobo, umuntu kufanele anake ukubukeka kwawo neqiniso lokuthi alinazo izimpawu zokugula nokulimala.
Umehluko phakathi kwePecilia neMolliesia
Zonke izingxenyana zePecilia nezikaMolly zibukeka ngokufana. Ngakho-ke, ama-mollies anomzimba omuhle futhi othambile, futhi anebanga elikhudlwana ukusuka e-anus kuya kufudumezi we-caudal. Izinketho zemibala aziningi njengasePecilia - imishini emnyama neyegolide iyathengiswa, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, zimhlophe.
UPecilia uzolile futhi akahleleli ukulwa nomakhelwane. Kungabukwa futhi njengophawu. Ubuso babo banezinkulumo ezihlukile - i-mollie inolaka ngokwengeziwe.
Lapho uqala i-aquarium, ungakhetha ngokuphepha noma iyiphi i-pecilia njengezilwane ezifuywayo zokuqala. Bahlukaniswa impilo enhle, ukukhuthazela futhi basinde ekuphambukeni kusuka ezimweni ezifanele zokuboshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zikhiqiza kalula, zingaphila echibini elifuywayo kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye, futhi ukuthula kwalezi zinhlanzi kuzivumela ukuba zengeze omakhelwane abahle nezinye izinhlobo zazo.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Kwabesilisa nabesifazane ePecilia, umehluko wobulili ubizwa kakhulu. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu (ngokubabazekayo), benesisu esigcwala futhi esiyindilinga, futhi abanemibala egqamile.
Emadodeni, i-anal fin ibuya gonopodia, incane futhi ikhonjisiwe.
I-anal anal yabesifazane ibanzi.
Owesilisa (phansi) nowesifazane
Izinhlobo ze-Aquarium Pecilia
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-aquarium zePecilia ziyehluka hhayi ngombala kuphela, kepha futhi nezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zomzimba namaphinifa.
Zingahlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:
- I-Multicolor - imibala eminingana nemithunzi yawo iqoqwe ngombala.
- Imnyama yisihlobo esine-ebb emnyama.
- I-Plain - Ifaka ukuhlukahluka okuningi.
Ukuma kuvame ukwehlukanisa:
- zakudala
- ngesimo sokuqala sento,
- idiski eyakhiwe - umzimba unjengokucaba uthathwa ezinhlangothini.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ufake ohlwini zonke izinhlobo, kodwa ezikhanyayo futhi ezidume kakhulu zazo zivezwe lapha.
I-Balloon Pecilia
Le nhlobo inomgogodla owonakele, ngakho-ke inesimo esingajwayelekile esifana nebhaluni eliqhakazile. Lokhu kuzalanisa okuxakayo kakhulu, akufanelekile ukuqala i-aquarium yama-amateur ngayo.
Abantu abakhulu kakhulu - kuze kufike ku-12 cm ubude kanye no-10 cm ukuphakama ku-dorsal fin. Umbala wesikali ungohluka kakhulu.
Reds
I-Berlin Pecilia enkulu (kufika ku-12 cm) enesikali sazo zonke izithunzi ezibomvu nezibomvu kanye noti oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingaqondakali, isetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa nabantu abanezinkemba ukuzalanisa ukuguqulwa kwayo okusha. Ukugcina ukukhanya kombala kokudla, ukudla okubukhoma kuyadingeka nsuku zonke. Enye yezinhlobo ezidumile.
Mnyama
Izakhamizi ezinkulu ze-aquarium ezanele (kufika ku-10 cm). Umbala omnyama wesikali uveza imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, grey, green. Izinhlobo ezimbili zemisindo enekhanda elikhanyayo, elibomvu noma le-orange ziyaziwa. I-Plumage isobala noma i-lime enomama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane, njengoba zihlangana kahle nezinye izinhlanzi.
Ukushona kwelanga
Futhi, le nhlobo ibizwa ngokuthi i-chintz pecilia, ihlala ifunwa ngabasizi bamanzi, kepha kunzima ukuyithola, iyinhlobonhlobo engandile. Ingaphambili lomzimba ngamathoni kalamula, emuva - amathunzi obomvu-owolintshi. I-plumage efanayo ngokubopha kwamalahle. Izindawo ezincane noma ezinkulu zokuhlanganisa ezinhlangothini. Abesilisa babonakala kakhulu ngombala.
Umlando wePecilia
I-Pecilia ivame ukudidaniswa nama-mollies nezinkemba, ezingabizwa nje ngokuthi zingenye yezinhlobo zazo. Zonke lezi zinhlanzi ziwumndeni we-carp-izinyo.
Zalethwa eYurophu zivela eGuatemala naseningizimu yeMexico ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Ukuchazwa kokuqala kwezinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zaseningizimu Melika kwavela ngo-1886, kamuva, ngo-1904, kwe-pecilia eluhlaza, kanye ne-motley ngo-1932.
Zonke izinhlobo, ngaphandle koluhlaza, manje sezifundwe kahle, futhi eziningi ziwela ngisho phakathi kwazo.
I-pecilia eluhlaza namuhla ibangela isithakazelo esikhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists, okuzoholela ekubonakaleni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zokuzala ezizalisayo.
UMnu Tail uyancoma: Izici ze-aquarium
I-Pecilia ithandwa ngabalingisi bamazwe abaqala ngqa kanye nabaqeqeshiwe ngenxa yemvelo yayo enokuthula. Izindondo aziqhamuki ngisho echibini lokufakelwa, lapho abesilisa abaningana benowesilisa oyedwa.
Izimo ezifanele zokugcina lezi zinhlanzi:
- I-aquarium kufanele ibe ngokujulile okwanele ngevolumu encane. Amalitha ama-2 amanzi anele umuntu oyedwa, kepha umhlambi uzozizwa ungcono endaweni yokugcina amanzi angama-60-litre.
- Ama-pecilians ayathanda ukucasha ezitshalweni zasemanzini, ngakho-ke i-aquarium kufanele itshalwe nge-cryptocoryne, i-echinodorus, i-elodea, ne-Hornwort. Ngaphezulu kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-riccia. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukushiya ingaphambili lingenalutho, khona-ke imihlambi yezinhlanzi ezikhanyayo ibukeka imangalisa kakhulu.
- Ukuvimbela izifo ze-peculiarities, kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze usawoti kancane emanzini, vele, uma lokhu kungazilimazi izitshalo zasemanzini kanye nezinye izakhamizi zakulayini.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uhlinzeka ngokuhlunga (okungaphakathi kungaba) kanye nokwanda kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi ngenani elikhulu lezitshalo. Ikota yevolumu kumele ifakwe uketshezi olusha nsuku zonke.
- I-filler emnyama yangaphansi ibukeka kahle e-aquarium nge-pecilia, futhi is sandwich izonikeza amanzi ubulukhuni obudingekayo be-10-30 dH. Ingavuswa futhi ngokungeza ama-marble chip kanye nesixazululo se-magnesia. Ngokuthamba okuphezulu, izinhlanzi ziqala ukugula.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elikhulu ngu-+22 ... + 26 ° C, i-acidity ingu-7-8 pH.
- Kungcono ukuvala i-aquarium ngesivimbo, njengoba izihambi zigxuma impela.
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Impilo yezinhlanzi incike kakhulu kuzimo zokushisa. Uma amanzi ebanda, uPecilia angabamba umkhuhlane. Bayakwazi nokugula. ukugula kwama fungal noma ukubola kwe-fin. Kulokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka izinga lokushisa kwamanzi nsuku zonke.
Uma isimo esinjalo esingesihle senzeka namanje, khona-ke izinga lokushisa lamanzi asemanzini kufanele linyuselwe kuma-28 ° C. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye yamanzi idinga ukushintshwa ibe yintsha, inezela usawoti omncane kuyo.Uzodinga futhi ukwandisa i-aeration ku-aquarium yasekhaya ngosizo lwemishini ekhethekile.
Izifo ze-pecilia, njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, zisakazeka ngokushesha e-aquarium. Ngenxa yalokhu, udinga ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinesifo esikhathini esifushane kakhulu esivela ethangini bese uzinza ngokuhlukile, ngohlobo lwe-aquarium ehlala yedwa.
Kubalulekile!Ngesikhathi sesifo, akusizi ngalutho ukuzala iPecilia. Akukho lutho oluhle oluyofika kukho.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-aquarium pecilia ingaba yisifo. Izimpawu zalokhu ngamachashazi amhlophe namabhamuza avela emzimbeni wenhlanzi. Lapho kukhona izinto ezinjalo, izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha. Okokuqala udinga ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa ku-aquarium, bese ufaka umuthi emanzini.
Ama-aquarists anolwazi asetshenziswa kaningi I-Tripaflavin, okwaziyo ukusiza izinhlanzi ukuqeda izifo eziningi. Kodwa ukuze ungahlangani nezinkinga ezinjalo, kufanele ubheke ngokucophelela isimo sezempilo sezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo, ngenkathi uziqinisekisa izimo ezinhle. Futhi lokhu, njengoba ubona, kungenzeka hhayi kuphela kubafundi basemanzini abanolwazi, kodwa futhi nakubaqalayo abangakatholi ulwazi olwanele kule ndawo.
Pecilia okhulelwe
Ukukhulelwa okukhulelwe kuhlukaniswa kalula yisisu esivuvukayo. Futhi uma insikazi ekhulelwe inesikhumba esanele esisobala esiswini, ungabona futhi namehlo amnyama ama-larva. Ukulinganiswa kokuzalwa kokuqala kufanele kunqunywe ngokubonakalayo kuphela. Kepha kuphela lapho, ngokuzalwa okuphindaphindekile, kuzokwazi ukuzihlukanisa ngokunembile phakathi kwezikhawu zokuzalwa.
Kungekudala ngaphambi kokubeletha, isisu sowesifazane kancane sithatha ukwakheka kwe-angular. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungcono ukungazibeki engcupheni bese ufaka insikazi e-jig ekhethekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuzala kuzokwenzeka e-aquarium ejwayelekile, kanti i-fry izodliwa. Ukuze ubelethe, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela i-jig ekhethekile. Kungaba: i-aquarium encane enamathanga aminyene wezitshalo, ithangi lepulasitiki noma nje imbiza enamalitha amathathu.
Ngisebenzisa ithangi lepulasitiki elingamalitha ayisithupha elinezimbobo ezikhiyekayo zokuzalwa kwengane kaPecilia namaSwordsmen. Umthamo wethangi ukuvumela ukuthi ugcine oksijini emanzini isikhathi eside uma ukulethwa kubambezeleka, futhi isembozo sivimba insikazi ukuba yeqe ngephutha ethangini.
Ngihlanganisa ithangi nowesifazane okhulelwe ngesikhwama se-opaque. Ekuseni nakusihlwa ngivula iphakethe bese ngihlola: ukube bekungekho okuzalelwayo, ngondla owesimame bese ngiphinda ngithobe ithangi. Ngemuva kokubeletha, insikazi ibuyiselwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, kanti i-gry idluliselwa ku-aquarium yokukhula.
Ungashada kanjani
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uPecilia uyi izinhlanzi ze-viviparous. Okusho ukuthi, ukuvundiswa kwamaqanda, kanye nokuzala ngqo kwabesilisa kwenziwa ngaphakathi kowesifazane. Lesi sikhathi singathatha izinsuku ezingama-28 kuye kwezingama-40.
Ukuqhekeka kungenzeka ngezikhathi eziningana phakathi nonyaka. Fry fry, imvamisa uthanda ukunamathela emhlambini. Ingavela ngenani lezingcezu ezingama-30 kuya kwezingu-80 Ngokwangempela udle ukudla okufanayo nenhlanzi yabantu abadala.
Ukuqhekeka kungenzeka zombili ethangini elijwayelekile le-aquarium, kwelinye ngokuhlukile. Umthamo wedamu elihlukile kufanele okungenani ube ngama-5-10 amalitha. Endaweni yokusakazwa kwe-fecilli, kunezindlela ezintathu.
- Inketho yokuqala. Ungumuntu ojwayelekile kakhulu. Izinhlanzi zidluliselwa endaweni ehlukile ye-spawning kusuka e-aquarium ejwayelekile. Fry ebonakala izokhuliswa lapho bese ihlelwa ngabantu abahle kakhulu. Amanye ama-aquarists ayasisebenzisa.
- Inketho yesibili. Ibizwa ngokuthi indlela yokuzikhulula. Kulokhu, i-potillia ihlala futhi izalele ku-aquarium efanayo. Kepha lapha udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlala echibini, ngoba zingabhubhisa kuphela i-fry ezelwe. Mayelana nokuzalela, omakhelwane ababi bangamankemba, ama-guppies ngeke abe muhle kakhulu. Kepha amakhadinali ngeke aphazamise ukukhiqizwa ngokuphelele.
- Inketho yesithathu. Le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Abakhiqizi bezinhlanzi kufanele bagcinwe ngokuhlukile ngokubatshala ezindaweni ezinamanzi angama-20-litre. Kuthangi ngalinye kufanele kube nabesifazane abancane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Futhi, kuzodingeka iziqukathi ezingama-50 l zokulungisa nama-aquarium angama-100 l wezinsizwa. Kuzoba nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi phansi. Fry ezalwayo kumele ihlelwe njalo ngobulili nangombala. Abantu abasezingeni eliphansi kufanele balahlwe.
Kubalulekile!Izindlela ezimbili zokuqala zilungele kahle labo abamane nje bafuna ukuba nezingane. Uma i-aquarist ihlose ukuthola i-pecilia ekhangayo enemibala ekhanyayo, enombala wokuqala nomumo, lapho-ke udinga ukuphendukela kuphela kunketho yesithathu yokuzala kabusha.
Ukuzala
Akudingeki amalungiselelo akhethekile okuzalela; lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngokwakho uma kukhona owesilisa nowesilisa.
Empeleni, kukhona ukugomela ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukumisa ukusakazeka kwamaPheresiya kunokuba uqale.
Ukuze izinsikazi zikhulelwe ngokujwayelekile, owesilisa oyedwa kwabesifazane abathathu kwanele. Leli nani lilungile ngoba lehlisa ukuncintisana phakathi kwabesilisa futhi linikeza izintokazi ithuba lokuphumula kuzo.
Ama-pecilia a-viviparous, okungukuthi, ngokushesha ane-fry eyakhekile angabhukuda. Ukukhulelwa kwesifazane kungakhonjwa yisisu esiyindilinga nendawo emnyama eduze kwe-anal fin.
Imvamisa, i-Pecilia yowesifazane ibeletha njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-28, inani le-fry licishe libe yizicucu ezingama-20- 40. Ukuzalwa kwePecilia kulula, kwanele ukuyitshala futhi engeza izitshalo ku-aquarium. Okwamanje, awudingi ukuphazamiseka; kungcono ukumboza ingilazi yangaphambili ngephepha.
Kodwa khumbula ukuthi badla gazinga labo, futhi ukuze bakwazi ukusinda udinga ukutshala izitshalo eziningi noma ngokushesha batshale esitsheni esihlukile.
Ukunakekela i-fry kulula kakhulu, ngoba kuzalwa kukhulu futhi kwakhiwe. Ungayondla nge-yolk yeqanda, ukudla okuomile, okuphakelayo komkhiqizo ngoFry.
Uma okondlayo kuningi futhi amanzi ehlanzekile, khona-ke emva kwezinyanga ezintathu, i-pecillia ivuthwa ngokocansi.
Idiski
I-Discilia pecilia iyabonakala ngokuma komzimba wayo okungajwayelekile otholwe ngokukhethwa. Ngenxa yokugobeka komgogodla enhlanzini, ukuhlangana kwesitho kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka. Izinhlanzi ezincane, ezidinga ukubhekwa. I-Discilia discia izalwa ngaphandle kokukhula. Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuzala. Ibhaluni lihlukile ohlotsheni kuphela ngesimo somzimba nombala: obomvu noma omhlophe.
ISchwartz
I-Pecilia yalolu hlobo ihlukaniswa umucu oluhlaza okotshani nokuphuzi obumnyama.
Ukunikeza induduzo yezivakashi kulula. Hlola isimo sezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokudla, lapho wonke amawadi ehlangana khona ngaphezu kwamanzi ukuze amukele ukudla. Umbala kufanele ukhanye, indlela yokuziphatha - esebenzayo. Phindisela izinhlanzi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinketho zokuqukethwe
IPecilia yaziwa ngokusinda kwayo okuhle ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlanzi zizodinga:
- I-aquarium ejulile ngesembozo. Ababili bazizwa kamnandi e-aquarium yamalitha angama-20.
- Amanzi anenani le-pH le-7-8 (elingathathi hlangothi, ele-alkali kancane), i-9-19 dH (ubulukhuni obuphakathi), izinga lokushisa lama-22-26 degrees.
- Ukukhanyiselwa kokugcina izitshalo nokulinganisa ushintsho lwesikhathi sosuku.
- Ukuhlunga nokusiza. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlanzi ziphila ngaphandle kwemishini eyengeziwe, kepha impilo ephelele iyadingeka.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-Aquarium
Kudingeka idamu:
- Inhlabathi imnyama ngombala, lapho izinhlanzi zizobukeka zizuzisa ngokwengeziwe.
- Izitshalo ezingenakukhalipha kakhulu. Wabasaqalayo, i-elodea noma i-riccia entantayo ilungile.
- Amasheltha nokubuka ubuhle bendawo. AmaPecilia izinhlanzi ezinelukuluku ezithanda ukucasha nokufunda indawo.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufaka:
- ukushintshwa kwamanzi masonto onke ngo-20-30%,
- ukuqapha ukusebenza nokubukeka kwezinhlanzi,
- ukondla izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku,
- ukuhlanganiswa kokuqanjwa nokudla,
- Ukuhlanza iSiphon kanye ngesonto.
Ukusakaza
Isikhathi sokukhafula siqala ezinyangeni eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-12. Isisu esiyindilinga nendawo emnyama ku-anal fin ikhombisa ukukhulelwa. Khuphula ukondliwa kowesifazane izikhathi ezingama-3-5 ngosuku. Izinhlanzi zithwala inzalo izinsuku ezingama-28- 30, zizala ama-50 gry. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, faka insikazi ekhulelwe kwenye i-aquarium noma imbiza, uqinisekise ukuthula kwayo. Faka izitshalo kusuka ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Ukuzalwa kwengane kuphindwa ngemuva kwenyanga.
Fry
Eenhlanzini ze-viviparous, gazinga avele avuthiwe futhi azimele. Abazali badla inzalo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthambisa izingane noma ukunikeza indawo yokuhlala i-aquarium. Izinhlanzi ezincane zidinga amanzi ahlanzekile. Okuphakelayo izinhlanzi ukudla okune uthuli:
- isikhupha seqanda
- ukudla okomile
- Ukudla okukhethekile kukaFry,
- umenzi wepayipi.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, i-fry idluliselwa kokuphakelayo kwabantu abadala, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu batshalwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngocansi.
Iseluleko
- Uma ukweqisa ngokweqile kwenzeka, kususe ngokushesha ukudla okweqile ngenethi kusuka ku-aquarium.
- Lapho uthenga izinhlanzi, funda ngokucophelela usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye nemibandela yokubekelela. Gwema okuphakelayo ngesisindo.
- Lapho uzalanisa izinhlanzi, khetha izinhlanzi zohlobo olulodwa, ukuze inzalo izalwe ngokuphelele.
- Lapho usakaza, khumbula ukuthi kuvela inzalo eningi. Nakekela ukuba ne-aquarium enkulu.
- Lapho uthenga izilwane ezifuywayo esitolo, hlola izinhlanzi ngokucophelela. Akufanele akhombise izimpawu zokugula.
- Udinga ukwethula izinhlanzi ezintsha ku-aquarium kancane kancane. Okokuqala beka isikhwama ku-aquarium isigamu sehora, bese uthela amanye amanzi e-aquarium esikhwameni sokuhambisa. Kancane kancane engeza amanzi e-aquarium.
I-Pecilia yinhlanzi enhle futhi engenakungcola elungele abaqalayo. Isici esithandekayo: uma izimo zokuboshwa zishintsha kakhulu, khona-ke izinhlanzi zishintsha ubulili. Ngakho-ke, insikazi iba ngowesilisa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwePecilia
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-pecilia, eziningi zazo ezifakwe kuhlu esithombeni. Ngakho-ke, sibala ezinye izinhlobo ezingezansi:
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Okufanele ukondle
Amachibi, izinhlanzi zidla e-algae, izinambuzane. Futhi izilwane ezifuywayo zingondliwa nganoma yikuphi ukudla. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi ekudleni kumele kube nokudla okune-fiber, ngokwesibonelo, ama-flakes nge-spirulina noma ne-zucchini egcotshwe ngamanzi abilayo, ukhukhamba, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodla izitshalo kwabathobekile kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukudla kwezitshalo kuyadingeka ekusebenzeni okufanele kokugaya. Ukusuka kokuphakelayo kwezilwane, nikeza izintandokazi zama-bloodworms, ama-brine shrimp kanye ne-coronet.
Kukuziphi izimo okufanele ube nazo nokuthi unganakekelwa kanjani
Ama-Aquariums kusuka ku-40l afanelekile ukugcina i-pecilia; uma ivolumu likhulu, khona-ke lokhu kungcono kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, izinhlanzi azilwi, ngaphandle kokuthi insikazi yisezinsukwini zokugcina zokukhulelwa futhi ingaba nolaka maqondana nabesilisa. Zigcine ngokunqunyelwa kwabesifazane. Isibonelo, owesilisa ongu-1 no-2-3.
Njalo ngesonto, udinga ukushintsha ama-20% amanzi. Ukuze ube ntofontofo e-aquarium kufanele ufake isihlungi ne-aerator.
Isithombe: sihambisana kahle ne-catfish
Ngubani ahambisanayo
I-Pecilia ingagcinwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Banokuthula, ngeke bathinte muntu. Kepha noma kunjalo, omakhelwane abafanelekile bazoba abasebenza ngomshini, izinkemba, izithupha, amakhorali, okungukuthi, ngokulingana okufanayo. Ezinye izinhlanzi ezincane ezinokuthula, ezinjenge-zebrafish, nazo kufanelekile ukuba zabiwe.
Akunakusho ukuthi ungabeka izimvemvane ku-aquarium efanayo nezilwane ezizingelayo. Ngeke bakwazi ukuzinakekela futhi bazolimala noma badliwe.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani owesilisa nowesifazane
Uma uhlola izinhlanzi ngokucophelela, uzobona ukuthi izinsikazi zinesisu esiyindilinga, umbala odonsayo nobukhulu bazo bukhulu kunezabesilisa. Enye into ehlukile ubukhona besidoda sendoda encane ekhonjisiwe ye-anal eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-gonopodia. I-anal fin yowesifazane ibanzi, njengasesithombeni esingezansi:
Photo: Pecilia besifazane ekukhulelweni sekwephuzile
Isithombo
I-Pecilia radish - inhlanzi enegama elihlekisayo, ebonga kakhulu abafuyi bezinkomo. Isici esingahlukaniyo yimali engemuva yesimo esiyingqayizivele, enombala omnyama namalahle. Amanye amalunga nawo anemvelaphi emnyama. Umzimba we-radish ungaba bomvu noma eminye imibala.
Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa yempilo enhle nokukhuthazela, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwayo akubangeli inkathazo enkulu kumniniyo.
I-Tricolor
Izinhlobo ezinemibala emithathu zikhula zibe ngu-7 cm, futhi zidinga isikhala okungenani samalitha angama-40. Le Pecilia inokuqukethwe okulula, kepha izinhlobo zidinga ukuthi kutolwe imifino ephilayo eminingi, lapho izinhlanzi zingazizwa ziphephile futhi zizodwa.
Umbala womhlali oseningizimu uyi-multicolor, kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo: ophuzi ngombala oluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inhlanganisela ehlukile yamathoni amnyama, owolintshi kanye ophuzi.
Ukwenza imibala inhlanzi yayiqhakaza futhi igcwala, kufakwa ukudla okubukhoma ekudleni.
Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ngomkhumbi
Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi osezingeni eliphakeme kuye kwaba negama ngenxa yemali enkulu, ebukeka njengesikebhe. I-phenotype ikhula ngobude ukusuka ku-4 kuya ku-10 cm. Umbala wezinhlanzi ungaba ngamathoni ahlukene: ushokoledi, isiliva, amabala, ophuzi. E-aquarium, igcinwa ezingxenyeni eziphakathi, ihlukaniswa ngomsebenzi kanye nokuhamba. Uma i-velifer ingezansi, khona-ke kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesilwane.
Ichithwe
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamabala ziseduze kakhulu nezinhlobo zasendle zezinhlobo, zombili nangosayizi. Izinhlanzi zikhula ubude zibe ngu-6 cm, isizinda somzimba esiyinhloko singu-orange, sinamabala amnyama kanye nomsila wokuphela. Abafuyi bathanda ukuzalanisa kahle abameleli abanamabala, bathola izinhlanzi eziningi ezahlukene ezinemibala ekhanyayo.
Ukulungiswa kwe-patsilia enamabala, ithangi elinomthamo omncane wama-60 l liyadingeka, ngoba i-phenotype ithanda isikhala nokunyakaza.
Okuphuzi
Inhlanzi ephuzi inombala okhanyayo, omfushane wombala welanga, kanti amaphini apendwe ngemibala ebomvu futhi ebonakalayo emaphethelweni. Ekugcineni, izilwane ezifuywayo zikhula zize zifinyelele ku-10 cm. Iziduna zincane kakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi ziyehluka ngombala ogcwele ngaphezulu wefishi le-caudal. Izinhlanzi ze-solar azidingi izimo ezikhethekile, i-phenotype ayinakhohlisa futhi inokuziphatha okumnandi.
Neon
I-Pecilia neon (uthingo) yinhlanzi enomzimba omangalisayo womzimba: isikali sicwazimula ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eshintsha okukhanyayo lapho kuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ama-caudal fin nezisekelo zamanye ama-fins zivame ukuba mnyama ngombala. Izinhlanzi ze-rainon ze-Neon zithanda ukufunda, ngakho-ke udinga ukuziphalisa ngeqembu lezinhlanzi okungenani ezingama-6-8.
Imnyama enomsila
I-Pecilia ebomvu-enomsila obomvu ngaphandle ifana nomuntu oyinkemba, futhi ungukhokho wezinhlobo eziningi zePeciliae. I-caudal fin yale phenotype inemibala yamalahle emnyama, kanti umzimba ubomvu ngokugqamile noma ophuzi. Ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo zingalahli ukugcwala kwamathoni, ochwepheshe bezasemanzini abanolwazi batusa ukondla izinhlanzi ngokudla okuphilayo. I-Pecilia enomsila omnyama ubude ifinyelela ku-12 cm, iyasebenza futhi inamandla.
Igundane le-Mickey
IPecilia Mickey Mouse yazitholela igama elithokozisayo ngenxa yombala wayo: amabala amnyama esiqeshini sentengo yezinhlanzi afana neziqalo zegundane lekhathuni. Umzimba wePecilia Mickey Mouse ungumbala wewolintshi noma isiliva ngombala, amaphiko we-ventral avele obala, kanti namachaphaza ansundu aphuzi. Le nhlobo ihola indlela yokuphila enhle, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwanda izinhlanzi eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa e-aquarium eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
I-Tuxedo
IPecilia tuxedo yinhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enobuhle obukeka kahle futhi inomusa ngokwemvelo. Ngemuva nesisu se-phenotype kuyisiliva, kanti izinhlangothi ziphonswe nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngobude, izilwane ezifuywayo zikhula zibe ngu-10 cm.
I-Tuxedo ivame ukuwela nezinye izinhlobo, njengoba umphumela izinhlanzi ezinemibala emnandi nengathandeki.
- ubunzima - 8-25 dH,
- acidity - 7.5-8 pH,
- lokushisa - 20-25C.
Amanzi avuselelwa masonto onke, esikhundleni se-1/3 yevolumu. I-Aeration isetha ngokulingana, ngenkathi i-aerator kufanele isebenze ngokuqhubekayo. Isibani sisethwe ngokulingana ngokubeka ama bulb ngaphezulu kwechibi.
Njengomhlabathi, abasemanzini bathanda ukusebenzisa isihlabathi somfula noma amatshe ayiqhezu elincane, kuyilapho ikhebula elingaphansi likhethwa ngamathoni amnyama - bamisa izinhlanzi ngenzuzo ethe xaxa. Imifino itshalwa iphila, iminyene futhi isakazeka, ngoba i-phenotype iyathanda ukucasha emahlathini. Ukubhukuda, shiya indawo yamahhala ngaphambili. Lezi zinhlobo zezimbali ezilandelayo ezingenasici.
- I-Wallisneria
- i-hygrophil,
- i-riccia,
- i-salvinia
- uphondo
- i-echinodorus,
- Elodea.
Umsoco
Izinhlanzi zepecilia azikhathaleli ekudleni kwazo, futhi ziyajabula ngokudla zonke izinhlobo zokudla. Kubalulekile ukuthi okuphakelayo kulinganiselwe, futhi kuqukethe ukudla okusekwe ezitshalweni nokudla okuphilayo: i-daphnia, i-bloodworms, ama-rotifers, ne-tubule. Izilwane ezifuywayo zondliwa kabili ngosuku, inani le-servings linqunywa kanjena: okuphakelayo kuthululelwa emanzini, nokuthi zingaki izinhlanzi ezizodliwa emizuzwini eyi-10 kuzoba ngumthamo wokukhonzwa okukodwa. Izinsalela zokudla ezivela kulondolozi ziyasuswa, ukuze kungabangeli ubungozi bokuqalwa kwamagciwane ayingozi. Kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa, bahlela usuku lokuzila ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, bondla ukudla kuphela kwezitshalo ekuseni.