Imigqa ebomvana, noma i-California boa (I-Lichanura trivirgata) yasatshalaliswa eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States (iSan Diego eCalifornia, ogwini olusempumalanga yenhlonhlo, enyakatho kuya e-Mojave Desert nasempumalanga eSonora, e-Arizona: izindawo ezisenyakatho noMfula iGila) nasenyakatho nentshonalanga neMexico. Kuhlala izindawo eziyomile ezimbozwe ngemithi, izihlahla zamakhanoni, izindlu zasogwadule, izingwadule kanye nogwadule. Lezi zinyoka zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, futhi zithanda imithambeka eseningizimu yezintaba nezindawo eziseduzane nemithombo yamanzi.

Incazelo

I-pink-striped boa constrictor inomzimba obukhulu, umsila omfishane omfishane, odonsa ngasekupheleni. Ikhanda lakhe lincane kunalokho, libanzi kuphela kunentamo yakhe. Isikali se-Dorsal sijule. Amehlo mancane, lo mfundi uthe mpo. Emhlathini ongenhla kukhona amazinyo agobekile ayi-14-20 (average 17). Abesilisa bancane ngosayizi kunabesifazane, kanti ama-anal spurs abo abonakala kakhulu.

Umdwebo oyinhloko i-python ebomvu enemibala - Imivimbo emithathu ebanzi emnyama (kusuka kumnyama, onsundu kuya kwesibomvu ngokubomvu), yelula umzimba iphikisana nesizinda esilula (grey, brown-brown, from brown to yellow, cream or white). Imivimbo ingachazwa kahle noma ngemiphetho emfushane. Isikhathi sokuphila salezi ezihuquzelayo emvelweni asaziwa, kepha emasimini asindisa iminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengama-30.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-boa?

I-boa constrictor, yize inezici ezinkulu, ithile ngokungaphansi kunabanye abafowethu emndenini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubukhulu buphakathi nendawo yokuhlala - kwezinye izindawo, izinyoka zingaphezu kwamamitha amane ubude. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinsikazi zihamba phambili - zikhulu kunabobulili obuhlukile.

Isisindo esiseduze singamakhilogremu angama-25, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ungahlangana nabamele abangama-50 kilogramu. Futhi, imibala yenyoka incike endaweni lapho uhlala khona.

Ngokuyisisekelo, ama-boas anombala obomvu-onsundu, ukhilimu nombala onsomi. Amaphethini akhulisa kakhulu ukufihla. Inyoka ye-rainbow boa ine-pearl enhle egcwele.

Qaphela!

Le nhlobo inekhanda elimise okomcibisholo, elinemivimbo emithathu yombala omnyama. Uhlelo lokuphefumula luqukethe amaphaphu amabili, lapho isitho sokudla sikhulu khona ngokuphawuleka kwesobunxele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izidalwa eziningi zilahlekile.

Umsebenzi wempilo

Am Boas achitha impilo yawo eyedwa eyedwa. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, owesilisa uchitha isikhathi nowesifazane. Ama-Boas ayizilwane ezihamba ebusuku, kanti phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, ziyalala. Izinyoka ezindala nezinkulu zithanda ukuzingela umhlaba.

Abanye abazi ukuthi i-boa yenyoka enobuthi ayikho, ngoba wonke amalungu omndeni akanazo izindlala ezikhethekile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukulunywa yinyoka kubuhlungu kakhulu, futhi nokuzivikela, kungalimala kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubulala amagciwane amanxeba ngeke kube okuphezulu, uma kunikezwe uhlobo lwendawo yokuhlala ye-boa constrictor.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, inyoka akunakwenzeka ukuthi ihlasele kuqala, ngoba akuyona eyabanolaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuzivikela yena noma inzalo yakhe kungahlasela kalula umphikisi ophakeme.

Futhi, lolu hlobo lwenyoka kulula ukululawula. Ngenxa yalokhu, lokhu kungenye yezinyoka ezivame kakhulu kuthunjwa. Kepha, kwizidalwa ezinkulu ezinjalo, kudingeka i-terrarium efanelekile.

Ukuze uthole indawo yeqembu, udinga ukuhlukanisa abesilisa, ngoba bahlelwe ngokufuthumele kummeleli wobulili babo. Izinsikazi zigcinwa kahle izicucu eziningana kudoti elilodwa.

Umsoco

Ukudla kwenyoka kufaka namagundane, izinyoni, izibankwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi lapho umuntu eba namandla okuhlanganisa i-boa, kuba lula ukuthi inyamazane ihlasele. Ekuzingeleni okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, kudingeka umqashi, lapho umhlaseli ehlasela khona. Ubamba inyamazane ngamazinyo abukhali, abese egcwala ngosizo lomzimba wakhe.

Isisulu esimaphakathi sizohlala izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, noma ngaphezulu, size sigaywe ngokuphelele. I-Slow metabolism nayo kufanele ingezwe lapha.

Indlela yokuphila

Lawa ma-boas aphila impilo efihlekile. Ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo, zisebenza ebusuku nasekuseni, ebusika - phakathi nosuku. Zibhekisa amabele (cishe izinyanga ezintathu) emihumeni noma emiseleni. I-pink-striped boa constrictor ihamba kancane kakhulu, "ngethrekhi yezikhonyane", akuvamile ukukhuphuka izihlahla nezihlahla. Lapho umhlaseli ehlasela, i-boa izifaka ebholeni, ifihla ikhanda layo futhi ikhiphe into enephunga elimnandi ezindongeni ze-ductal.

Ukuzala

Isizini / inkathi yokuzalela yalezi zilwane ingena ngoMeyi-Julayi. Abesifazane california boa I-viviparous, inzalo yabo iba njalo njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ukuziphatha kwezwe nokuzabalaza kwabesifazane akuzange kubonwe emadodeni. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa uzwa umzimba wowesifazane ngolimi lwakhe, nowesilisa lowesilisa. Iduna lihamba kancane kulo, limkhonkotha “ngozipho” - izihlakala zamalumbo asemuva. Ukukhula kombungu kwenzeka emzimbeni wowesifazane futhi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-103-143. Owesifazane ubeletha amawundlu angama-3-14 (ngokwesilinganiso esingu-6.5) ubude be-18-36 cm. Ama-stranglers amancanyana azimela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi owesimame angabambi iqhaza ekuphetheni kwawo ngokuzayo. I-molt yokuqala yenzeka kubo ngosuku lwe-7-10. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ama-boas amancane akhula kabili. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ngesikhathi esingama-43-58 cm, izinsikazi - ngobude be-60 cm, lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka iminyaka engama-2-3 yokuphila.

I-Boa constrictor - incazelo, isakhiwo, izici, isithombe

Phakathi kwama-boas kukhona ama-giants real, isibonelo i-anaconda vulgaris (lat. Eunectes murinus), efinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10.

Anaconda vulgaris (lat. Eunectes murinus). Izithombe ngu: Dave Lonsdale

Ama-boas amancane kunazo zonke ama-boas odaka, aqala ngosayizi ukusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-60 cm.

Cuban zobumba zobumba (lat.Tropidophis melanurus). Izithombe ngu: Thomas Brown

Umbala wama-boas uyafana nemibala egqamile ezindaweni abahlala kuzo. Kungaba ngamathoni ansundu ansundu ezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala emhlabeni, noma imibala egqamile, kwesinye isikhathi ehlukanisa abantu abahlala ezihlahleni noma udoti wehlathi. Amanye ama-boas anemivimbo emzimbeni, kanye namabala amakhulu noma amancane omjikelezo, oblong noma we-rhomboid kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene, kuyilapho amabala engaba nawo noma engenamehlo.

Kwezinye izinhlobo, isikhumba singaphonswa nge-sheen metallic yayo yonke imibala yobambo (isibonelo, kwi-rainbow boa). Ama-boas omhlaba anekhono lokuguqula umbala, athole umbala olula noma omnyama. Ebusuku, kuvela amabala nemicu ekhombisa ukukhanya emizimbeni yabo, okwenza umphumela we-phosphorescent.

Isici esibonakalayo sama-boas, ngaphezu kwekhanda elithobekile futhi ukungabikho kwemilenze, kungumzimba omude, onemisipha onesigaba sesiphambano esiyindilinga. Umzimba we-sand boas unesimo esimise cylindrical, umanzi kakhulu futhi uhlanganiswe kahle.

Akukho kuncipha endaweni yentamo yesihlabathi se-boas, umsila ugcwele futhi umfushane.

Ugebhezi lwe-boa constrictor lunesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, sivumela ukuba igwinye inyamazane enkulu. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yokuxhumeka okungahambeki kwamathambo engxenye yangaphambili, kanye nokucaciswa okuqina kwezingxenye zomhlathi ongezansi nomunye. Amazinyo abukhali awatholakali emihlathini kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemathanjeni lapho kukhona okokusebenza komlomo (i-palatine, pterygoid ne-intermaxillary). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-boas adinga amazinyo hhayi ukugaya inyamazane ebanjiwe, kodwa kuphela ukuze ayibambe noma ayicindezele ijulile esophagus. Ngaphezulu kwekhanda kukhona izikali ze-keratinized zosayizi omkhulu, zihlelwe ngokulandelana okuthile. Ngokungafani nama-pythons, amathambo we-infraorbital of boas awekho.

Ngokungafani namanye ama-boas, eMascarene boas ithambo le-maxillary lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezi-2 ezixhumeke ngokuxhumeka: ngaphambili nangemuva.

Ukwakheka kwekhanda elifinqiwe nelicwebezelayo lesanti sand kuyathakazelisa. Umhlathi ongenhla owakhiwe njengombala, osebenza njengethuluzi lokumba, unwebeka phambili, ngakho-ke ukuvula umlomo kutholakala ngezansi.

I-scmaellum enkulu ye-intermaxillary ingena engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda, ithatha wonke umthwalo ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwe-strangler enhlabathini. Amazinyo angaphambili emihlathi engenhla nephansi yeesihlabathi se-vaile yinde kancane kunasemuva.

Ngokungafani nezinye izirhubuluzi, ezingenazo ngokuphelele izimbambo zangaphambili nezangemuva, amabombo asesifundeni sokulondeka agcina amathambo e-pelvic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bashiye izinsalela zezingalo zomzimba wasemuva, ezibonakala njengezintambo ezibhanqiwe ezisezandleni zombili zentambo.

Kuliqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile: ngokwesibonelo, kuma-Mascarene boas, lezi zihlobo azikho ngokuphelele.

Uzipho obhanqiwe ku-cesspool we-ejensi evamile ye-boa. Izithombe ngu: Stefan3345

Ngokuya ngosayizi we-boa constrictor, inani lama-vertebrae enza ikholomu ye-vertebral ingaqala kusuka ku-141 kuya ku-435. Isici esibonakalayo sesakhiwo sesikebhe sezinyoka ukungabikho kwe-sternum, okwenza izimbambo zisebenze kakhulu.

Zonke izitho zangaphakathi zalezi ezihubhayo zinesimo esiguqulwe ngokudlulele, ngenxa yesakhiwo esivamile somzimba. Izitho ezibunjiweyo zitholakala ngokungafani nalutho, futhi zingakhiwa ngokungalingani. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, amaphaphu angakwesokudla akhulu kakhulu ngosayizi ukwedlula kwesobunxele. Ku-zobumba ezinobumba (lat. Tropidophiidae), iphaphu elijwayelekile lesokunxele alikho - liphenduke iphaphu le-tracheal (tracheal) futhi lakhiwa ngokwandiswa ngemuva kwe-trachea.

Uhlelo lwezinzwa lwama-boas luqukethe ubuchopho obuncane nentambo yomgogodla eyenziwe kahle, enquma ukunemba okuphezulu nesivinini sokuphendula kwemisipha.

Endaweni ezungezile, ama-boas aqondiswa umuzwa wokuhogela nokuthinta.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lemininingwane lilethwa ama-receptors athola ukushisa atholakala ngaphambili kwesihlahla, nolimi olubiyelwe, lidlulisela imininingwane ebuchosheni besebenzisa izitho ezikhethekile ezihamba ngababili, okuluhlobo lokuhlaziya amakhemikhali.

Umbono wama-boas awukhali kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amehlo anezingane ezihlala mpo zihlala zimboziwe ngefilimu, eyakhiwa kusukela ezinweleni zahlanganiswa ndawonye.

Amehlo ama-sandas boas mancane futhi aphendukele phezulu kancane - leli lungiselelo likhona kalula, ngoba ngisho nokujikijela emhlabathini, i-boa ingabheka konke okwenzekayo ebusweni ngaphandle kokuvikela ikhanda layo.

Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane ezihuquzelayo azinakho ukuvuleka kwendawo okuvulwa kuyo, kanti nendlebe ephakathi iyakhiwa ngaphansi, zonke izinyoka azihlukanisi imisindo ebhebhetheka emoyeni.

Isidumbu sam boas sisuka ezinhlangothini nasivela phezulu simbozwe ngesikali se-rhomboid-roundish, sibhangana kancane. Amapuleti anjalo atholakala emigqeni ye-longitudinal noma ye-diagonal. Phakathi kwesikali semigqa emide kukhona izindawo zesikhumba eziqoqwe ngemikhawulo emincane, okuvumela i-integument ukuthi yelule kakhulu. Amapuleti asesiswini sezilwane ezihuquzelayo anomumo odlulayo futhi axhumene nezigxobo zesikhumba.

Njengoba bekhula, iminyaka ephezulu ye-integument nabaxoshwa. Inqubo yokuncibilika yenzeka, ngokushintsha kwesikhumba okokuqala kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa kwenyoka. Kuma-boas anempilo, imvamisa yezinguquko zekhava ayidluli izikhathi ezi-4 ngonyaka.

Ithathwe kwisiza: www.reptarium.cz

Ahlala kuphi ama-boas?

Ama-Boas ahlala eMelika eseNingizimu kanye naseMelika Ephakathi, eCuba, entshonalanga nasentshonalanga eseningizimu neNyakatho Melika, enyakatho ye-Afrika, eningizimu naseCentral Asia, eziqhingini zaseMalaki archipelago, eMadagascar, eJamaica, eHaiti, esiqhingini saseTrinidad, eNew Guinea. Ezinye izinhlobo (izinyoka zenjoloba kanye nama-boas eCalifornia) zihlala esifundeni esentshonalanga ye-USA, kanye nasentshonalanga eseningizimu neCanada.

Ama-sand boas, noma ama-boas, asakazekile eCentral naseNingizimu Asia, kanye naseMpumalanga naseNyakatho Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye namazwe ase-Asia (Iran, Afghanistan, Western China, India, nePakistan). Izinhlobo eziningana zihlala eRussia (Dagestan, Central and Eastern Transcaucasia) kanye namazwe e-CIS (Kazakhstan, Mongolia).

Ama-boas asemhlabeni ahlala eMexico, eNingizimu kanye naseMelika Ephakathi, atholakala eBahamas naseAntilles.

Ama-boas aseMadagascar ahlala eziqhingini zaseMadagascar naseReunion.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-boas zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: ezinye izinhlobo zithanda amahlathi omile noma anomswakama, lapho zihlala khona ngamagatsha ezihlahla noma izihlahlana, ezinye zihlala emigqonyeni kadoti noma otshanini obunamanzi, kanti ezinye zikhetha indawo ezivulekile ezomileyo, imifula yesine ehlala imifudlana noma imigodi, izindawo eziwela emuva eziphansi, imikhono namachibi, kanye namaxhaphozi aphansi. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-boas zitholakala eduze nokuhlala kwabantu. Inyoka ingatholakala emasimini nasezindlini ezilahliwe. Endleleni, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo ezicishe zifakwe ekhaya, ngokwesibonelo, i-ejoriya ejwayelekile ye-boa, lapho abantu bendawo beyigcina ezindlini noma ezinqolobaneni ukuze le nyoka ibambe amagundane nezimpundane.

Ngandlela thile, ama-sand sandas anendlela yokuphila yokumba: ahlala emaqeleni, ogwadule nasogwadule, awatholakali kuphela ngesihlabathi, kodwa nangobumba futhi nenhlabathi enobuhlalu, ngobuhlakani enza indlela yawo emfuleni omncane futhi ocwazimulayo ngaphansi kwezindawo zamatshe, angcwatshwe esihlabathini kanye nemfucumfucu, ekhasa ngesibindi ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhosela.

Ngabe udla umhlanganiso we-boa?

Ukudla kwama-boas kuhluke kakhulu. Akufaki kuphela izilwane ezincane noma eziphakathi, izinyoni kanye nama-amphibians, kodwa futhi nabamele abakhulu bezwe lezilwane (izitha, izingwenya). Ama-boas amancane adla ngama-phenam, ama-mongooses, amagundane, amasele, izibankwa, amachaphazelo amanzi nezinye izinyoni namachwane awo (amadada, amajuba, upholi kanye nondlunkulu). Futhi, izisulu zezinyoka ama-agouti, ipaki, abhaka. Ama-Cuba boas, phakathi kwezinye izinto, abamba amalulwane. Ama-boas amakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ama-anacondas, angahlasela ngokuthula ama-capybaras, izingwenya ezincane (ama-caimans), kanye nezimfudu ezinkulu. Futhi, umhlanganisi we-boa angahlasela isilwane esisondele emgodini wokunisela: inja, ingulube, inkukhu noma idada.

Lapho esehlasele isisulu, ama-boas asizungeza ngezindandatho zawo. Kodwa-ke, awalokothi aphule amathambo ezisulu zawo, ukuze angalimazi uhlelo lwazo lokugaya ukudla.

Ukudla kwama-sand boas kufaka phakathi namagundane amancane (ama-hamsters, amajezi, ama-gerbils kanye namagundane), izinyoni ezincane (undlunkulu, izinqola), kanye nezibungu (ama-geckos, ama-agama, ama-roundheads, nama-lizons). Abantu abasha badla izinkumbi namabhungane amnyama. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinyoka zingena kalula emiseleni yamagundane. Ama-sand boas abanjwa ngamazinyo ngamazinyo abo futhi abulawa kalula, egoba izindandatho ezi-2 zemizimba yawo yemisipha ezungeze isisulu.

Ososayensi abafunda izinyoka futhi bahlala isikhathi eside e-Amazonia bathi i-giant boa constrictor ingakwazi ukugwinya inyamazane ebukhulu ngaphezu komzimba wayo uma inyamazane ingeqi ngaphezu kwama-60 kg (izingulube zasendle, izinyamazane ezincane nezinsimbi zomzimba). Izisulu ezisencane zezilwane ezinkulu zingaba izisulu zazo.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka, lezi ezihuquzelayo ziyakwazi ukuzingela ebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Zinezindlanzana ezikhethekile ezitholakala phakathi kwamakhala namehlo, ezithinta ukushisa. Lokhu kuvumela ama-boas ukuthi aqaphele noma isisulu esisondelayo sisuka kude nokushisa okuvela emzimbeni wakhe.

Am Boas adla kancane. Ngemuva kokuthola ucezu olukhulu, zingahlala ngaphandle kokudla kusuka emasontweni ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningana.

Ngabe ama-boas abulala kanjani inyamazane yawo?

Naphezu komqondo ovamile wokuthi i-boa icindezela isisulu, le nkolelo ibingeyona neze iqiniso. Kuqala, ososayensi bekungabazwa ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi izidumbu zabantu zidinga okungenani imizuzu embalwa, bese kuthi izisulu ze-boas zife imizuzwana eyi-60. Eminyakeni yama-90s, izazi zezilwane zaseMelika ekugcineni zathola futhi zalungisa ukuthi izisulu ze-boas azifezi ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, kepha ngenxa yokuboshwa kokujikeleza, okudala ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ukwenza izifundo zokuhlola, amagundane asetshenziswa, kwafakwa ama-catheter emithanjeni nasemithanjeni yawo esetshenziselwa ukukala umfutho wegazi nokuhamba kwama-elektroni ukulawula imiculo yenhliziyo. Amagundane alungiselelwe ngale ndlela anikezwa ukuthi abulawe kuma-boas, kodwa ngemuva kokuba inyoka igwaze induku yaze yafa, isisulu sakhethwa futhi kwahlaziywa kabanzi.Ngokwemiphumela yalolucwaningo, izazi zezilwane zathola ukuthi ngesikhathi inyoka ibulala ngamagundane, umfutho wegazi wehle kakhulu futhi ingcindezi ye-venous nayo yenyuka ngokushesha, okuholele ekutheni kuqale ukuzuma kwegazi. Ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukupompa igazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu, inhliziyo yamagundane yaqala ukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngenxa yalokho yema.

Izinhlobo zama-boas, izithombe namagama

Phambilini, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-boas zaziyimindeni elandelayo kwisizinda seenyoka:

1. AmaMascarene boas, noma amaBoleriid (lat. Bolyeriidae),
2. Ama-Earth boas (lat.Tropidophiidae),
3. Abahlanganisi abanemilenze yamanga, noma ama-boa.

Kuze kube manje, ukwahlukaniswa kuguquliwe, futhi, ngokwe-database www.itis.gov, izinhlobo ezahlukile zama-boas zingemindeni elandelayo:

1. I-Boidae (Grey, 1825)
2. I-Bolyeriidae (Hoffstetter, 1946)
3. I-Calabariidae (Grey, 1858)
4. I-Candoiidae (Pyron, Reynolds neBurbbrink, 2014)
5. UCharinidae (Grey, 1849)
6. I-Erycidae (Bonaparte, 1831)
7. USanziniidae (Romer, 1956)
8. I-Tropidophiidae (Brongerma, 1951)

Izinhlobo eziningi azivamile futhi zisengozini. Okulandelayo incazelo yezinhlobo ezithile zama-boas.

• I-Madagascar boa constrictor (I-Acrantophis madagascariensis)

Ihlala endaweni enezingodo enyakatho yesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Ubude be-boa bufika kumamitha ayi-2-3. Ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba wenyoka ihlotshiswe ngephethini eyakhiwe amabala abunjwe ngamadayimane, isikhumba ezinhlangothini sinephethini eyinkimbinkimbi yezindawo ezigxile iso. Isisu salesi silwanyana esidlekayo sipendiwe ngopende womnqumo ompunga namabala amnyama. Umzimba wonke une-tint ebunjiwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

• I-Wood Madagascar Boa (Sanzinia madagascariensis, ukuvumelanisa I-Boa manditra)

Kuyisifo esijwayelekile saseMadagascar. Izinyoka ezindala zalolu hlobo zingafinyelela kubude obungu-2.13 m, yize iningi lazo zinobude bamamitha angama-1,2-1,5 kuphela, kanti izintokazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Umbala nosayizi wezinkuni zokhuni kuncike endaweni. Abantu abakhulu batholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yesiqhingi, bapendwe ngemibala ephuzi-nsundu, kuthi empumalanga - luhlaza okotshani noma luhlaza okotshani. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indawo esatshalaliswa, lezi ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukuhlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi evulekile. Iningi elisebenza emahoreni kusihlwa nasebusuku. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ama-boas enkuni asebenzisa emiqhele eminyene yezihlahla noma izihlahla zamahlahla aseduze namanzi, yize ekwazi ukuzingela emhlabathini, imvamisa ukwehla ezihlahleni ebusuku.

• Umhlanganisi ojwayelekile we-boa (I-Boa constorateor)

Ihlala emazweni aseNingizimu Melika kanye naseMelika Ephakathi, kanye nakuma-Antilles amancane. Walethwa esifundazweni saseFlorida, lapho athola ngempumelelo izimpande. Amasayizi wabantu abadala azimele ngokobulili - angaba amamitha ama-5 ubude. I-boar ejwayelekile inesisindo esingu-10 kuya ku-15 kg, yize isisindo sabantu abathile seqa ama-30 kg. Ngemuva kwalezi ezihubhayo kudwetshwe ngemibala ehlukene onsundu okhanyayo, ikhofi noma obomvu, lapho imichilo emnyama e-brown eguquguqukayo yesimo esithandekayo enamabala aphuzi ngaphakathi ibonakala kahle. Izinhlangothi zekhompiyutha ejwayelekile ye-boa ihlotshiswe ngama-rhombuses amnyama, ngaphakathi kwawo, njengasemuva, amabala aphuzi ayabonakala. Lezi boas zihola impilo esebenzayo yasebusuku, ngakho-ke ziyahamba zizingela isikhathi sokuhwalala.

• UKandoya ubambo noma i-Pacific elukhuni eyakhiwe nge-Pacific, (Candoia carinata)

Bekuvame ukuba ngumndeni womndeni wama-pseudopods, kanti kusukela ngonyaka ka-2014 kwabelwa umndeni ohlukile waseCandoiidae. Kunezindawo ezingaphansi ezimbili ezihlukile komunye nomunye futhi zihlala eNew Guinea naseziqhingini eziseduzane (Sulawesi, Mooluksky, Santa Cruz, Solomonov). Abantu abadala akuvamile ukuthi bakhule babe ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ubude. Isisindo se-boa sehluka ku-300 g kuya ku-1,2 kg. Imibala yangemuva nezinhlangothi ze-kandoi zingama-olive ompunga, ophuzi noma okhanyayo onsundu. Ngasemuva lenyoka kukhona umucu obanzi onsundu obumnyama ngendlela eyi-zigzag. Lolu hlobo lwamabhela luhlala ezihlahleni, lapho luvame ukuzingela khona kusihlwa nasebusuku.

• Inja enamakhanda inja Ungu umuthi oluhlaza o-boa(Corallus caninus)

Ihlala emahlathini anomswakama aseNingizimu Melika, kanye nase-Amazon. Uhlobo lwathola igama laso ngenxa yokufana okuthile kwangaphandle kwesihlahla se-boa comprimor nekhanda lenja. Ubude babadala buvame ngamamitha ayi-2-3. Indlela yokuphila engqubuzekile yabangela umbala ogqamile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka emuva nezinhlangothi zalesi sithobhili. Umbala ophuzi wesisu, kanye namabala amhlophe ahlangana abe yimichilo emincane edlulela emuva futhi enza iphethini elicacile elakhiwe njengamadayimane, asebenza njengezithombe ezinhle kakhulu kumqhele wezimbali ogcwele kahle. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nabantu abasha zipendwe ngombala obomvu-owolintshi (amakhorali). Amazinyo angaphambili e-boa constrimor abambe inyamazane angafinyelela ku-38 mm. Emini, i-boa enamakhanda inja iyaphumula, futhi ikhasa inyamazane iyozingela ngokuhlwa.

• Ingadi ye-ejensi ekhompetha (i-nyembamba-belided boa constrictor) (Corallus hortulanus)

Ihlala emahlathini anomswakama aseningizimu yeColombia neVenezuela. Kukhona abantu enyakatho nentshonalanga yeBrazil ne-Ecuador. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokuhlala ifaka iTrinidad neTobago, iSuriname, iBolivia namanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika. Isilinganiso sobude be-boa constrictor sisuka kumamitha ayi-1,5 ukuya kwayi-1,8, yize ezinye izinkomba zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Umbala wama-boas engadini ungahluka: kusuka ophuzi, owolintshi nobomvu kuya kokumpunga okukhanyayo, onsundu noma omnyama. Ngasemuva kunezindawo ezifiphalayo ezihlukile, ezizungeze izinhlangothi zithathelwa amadayimane abukhali. Emini, i-boa iphumula emigodini yezihlahla noma ezindlekeni zezinyoni ezilahliwe, bese iyazingela ebusuku. Ezimweni ezingavamile, yehlela emhlabathini.

• I-rainbow Boa (Kuqothula i-cenchria)

Futhi inegama umunyu. Izinhlobo lezi zihlala emahlathini omanzi aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Ungahlangana nalokhu okudingayo okuhle eArgentina, eBrazil, ePeru nakwamanye amazwe ezwekazini laseNingizimu Melika. Abadala bafinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Umbala oyinhloko womzimba we-rainbow boas uncike kuma-subspecies futhi angaba nsundu, abomvu noma afrize. Kweminye imibiko, umzimba unombala oqhubekayo ngaphandle kwamabala, kanti kwezinye izindawo ezingaphansi, umzimba unamabala amnyama noma akhanyayo noma imicu emide emide. Zonke izikali ze-boa constrictor zinomthunzi wensimbi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le-constitoror ye-boa ikwazi ukubhukuda kahle, uhola indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni.

• Ummeli we-boa obomvana ophuzi nobushelelezi ophuzi (I-Chilabothrussubflavus, syn. Kuqashelwa i-subflavus)

Kuwuhlobo lwezinhlobo zemvelo ezingavamile ezihlala eJamaica. EsiNgisini, igama lalenyoka lizwakala ngokuthi "Jamaican boa constrictor." Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa futhi zikhula zibe ngamamitha ayi-2 noma ngaphezulu. Ingxenye yangaphambili yomzimba wenyoka inombala ophuzi onamabala amnyama, akhuphuka ngosayizi eduze nomsila bese ahlangana abe umbala owodwa emsileni, akha ingemuva elinsundu elimnyama namabala amancane aphuzi. Umsila we-boa constrictor umnyama, ikhanda lipendiwe ngamathoni ansundu. Amehlo enyoka aphuzi, imivimbo ethandekayo ibekwe ngemuva kwamehlo. Amajaha anombala opinki osawolintshi ngemivimbo engafundile emzimbeni wonke. Ama-boya aseJamaican ahlala emahlathini aswakeme asogwini nasezintabeni, aphila impilo esekwe ezweni futhi akhuthele kakhulu ebusuku. Imvamisa ama-boas amnyama namphuzi ahlasela amalulwane; izinduku nezinyoni ezahlukahlukene nazo kufakiwe ekudleni.

• I-Dominican-lipped boa constrimor (I-Chilabothrusi-fordii, syn. Iziqhumane fordii)

Ihanjiswa eziqhingini zaseTahiti naseGonav. Abamele le nhlobo bayivelakancane futhi bancane ngosayizi, bafinyelela kubude bamasentimitha angama-85-90, abesifazane besifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Umzimba womuntu uthambile, upendwe ngamathoni abomvu noma ansundu okhanyayo, ngakhoke le nyoka inalo igama elingelona igama elithi “red boa constrictor”. Phezu kobuso besikhumba kukhona amabala amnyama anemilo ehlukile. Ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga, izikali zacwazimula ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Ama-boas aseDominican ahola indlela yokuphila yemfihlo yasemhlabeni, yokuzingela ebusuku.

• Giant Anaconda (I-Eunectes murinus)

Kubhekwa njengesilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-boa constrictors. I-water boa constrictor, njengoba yayibizwa ngaphambili, ingeyohlobo lwe-anaconda. Kunabantu abathile ubude babo obudlula amamitha ayi-5. Eminye imithombo iveza ubude obungamamitha ayi-11. Isisindo se-Anaconda singadlula i-100 kg (ngokwesibonelo, i-National Geographic sikhombisa isisindo esikhulu sama-227 kg). Phezu kwayo yonke inyoka, edwetshwe ngemibala eluhlaza, kunemigqa emibili yezindawo ezinombala onsundu. Amabala ezinhlangothini aphuzi ngombala futhi akhiwe ngomngcele omnyama. Isisu sidaywe siphuzi futhi sibhalwe mnyama. I-anaconda enkulu itholakala emahlathini ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika, lapho ihlala khona emanzini emifula nasezigudwini, kufaka phakathi i-Amazon. Iyazingela ebusuku nasebusuku.

• Isihlanganisi sesihlabathi (Eryx miliaris)

Phambilini bebengabomndeni wama-pseudopods, futhi manje usathathwa emndenini ohlukile u-Erycidae. Inyoka ivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nendlela yokuphila ye-burowing. I-boa constrictor ehlala ezifundeni ezisogwadule zeCentral Asia futhi itholakala ezindaweni ezisempumalanga zeCiscaucasia. Inyoka enomzimba efinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-40-80 ipendiwe ngemithunzi ephuzi-nsundu, amabala ansundu anemibala emfushane avela ngemuva ngemuva. Ikhanda lomsizi wesihlabathi linesimo esithambile, futhi amehlo abukeka ecishe mpo. Umsebenzi we-reptile uncike esikhathini sonyaka: entwasahlobo nasekwindla isilwane siyasebenza phakathi nosuku, kepha ehlobo sikhetha ukuzingela kuphela ebusuku. Ukudla komdwebi wesihlabathi kuyizinyoni ezincane, izibankwa kanye namagundane, emiseleni yayo lapho kuthuleka khona buthule.

• Mascarene boas

Umndeni ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-2 zofuzo (uhlobo lweBolerii kanye nohlobo lwe-Arboreal Mascarean boas), abameleli babo abasesiqhingini esincane saseRound, esisenyakatho nentshonalanga neMauritius. Ukuba khona kohlobo lokuqala, okuwukuphela kommeleli walo i-bolieria yamandla amaningiI-Bolyeriai-multocarinata), namuhla kusabhekwa - kungenzeka ukuthi, inyoka le inyamalale ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zokuphila. I-Arboreal Mascarean constrictor (Mascarean constrictor Schlegel) (Casarea dussumieri) - Inyoka engandile kakhulu esengozini yokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke kwenziwa izinhlelo ezikhethekile esiqhingini ukubuyisela inani labantu. Ubude be-boa bungamamitha ayi-1-1,5, phakathi kwekhanda nomzimba ukuhlangana kwentamo kukhulunywe ngokucacile, umsila wenyoka mude, onesihloko esicijile. Umbala uluhlaza okomnqumo oluhlaza okotshani, eduze nombala oyinhloko kukhona imigqa emide edonswayo yephimbo elimnyama. Ekhanda lesilwane esibuthakathaka kuyindlela efana ne-lyre.

Ithathwe kuwebhusayithi: solidpulse.com

Isikhathi sokuphila se-boa

Isikhathi sokuphila se-boa constrictor sincike ezinhlotsheni zawo nasezimeni zokuphila. Njengomthetho, idatha ethembekile kusikhathi sokuphila sezinyoka ingatholakala kuphela maqondana nezinhlobo zokubanjwa, ngoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuqashwe njalo ama-boas ebangeni labo lemvelo. Ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, i-ejenti elijwayelekile le-boa, zihlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 futhi zingaphila ngisho neminyaka engama-23-28. Ama-Anacondas ahlala endle iminyaka engaba ngu-5-6, kepha ama-anaconda ahlala isikhathi eside eWashington Zoo: iminyaka yayo yayingama-28. Ama-sandy ama-sandas athunjiwe aphila iminyaka engama-20. Namuhla, umnikazi werekhodi osemthethweni wokuphila isikhathi eside phakathi kwama-boas isilwane sePhiladelphia Zoo: ngonyaka we-1977, umphikisi we-boa uPapaye washona eneminyaka engama-40 nezinyanga ezintathu. Ngokusho kwabathengi bezokwelapha, ama-boas ahlala ekudingisweni isikhathi eside kakhulu kunabalingani babo endle, ngoba ngaphansi kwemvelo yemvelo lezi zinyoka zinezitha eziningi, futhi ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezikhethekile zokugcinwa kwezilwane noma izilwane zasendle, ezihuquzelayo zinikezwa ngokudla okufika ngesikhathi, isimo sezulu esihle, ukuphepha nokunakekelwa kwezilwane.

Izitha zemvelo zama-boas endle

Yize igama elithi "boa constrictor" lizwakala liyingozi kakhulu, ngokuvamile lezi zinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu zisengozini enkulu. Kubantu abakhulu, izinyoni ezinkulu kuphela zezinyamazane, ama-caimans, izingulube zasendle noma ama-jaguars eziyingozi enkulu. Ama-boas amancane adliwa ngobumnandi ngama-hedgehogs, aqapha izibankwa, ama-coyot, izimpungushe, amakhayithi, amakhwela, ama-mongooses.

Abanye abathanda izilwane ezifuywayo eziphuma kwamanye amazwe ziqukethe ama-boas ezindlini nasemakhaya. Izimo zokugcina i-boa comp constoror e-terrarium yasekhaya incike kuhlobo lwenyoka nendlela yayo yokuphila. Ezinhlotsheni zezihlahla, ama-terarium aqonde phezulu anodonga oludingekayo ayadingeka, futhi uma kubhekwa udoti onamahlamvu, iziqukathi ezijulile azidingeki. Ubungako bethrafikhi kufanele buhambisane nosayizi wesilwane esifuywayo, ngakho njengoba sikhula, indawo yokuhlala endala izodinga ukushintshwa nenye ebanzi kakhulu.

Ama-Boas ayizilwane ezinegazi elibandayo, ngakho-ke isimo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nokubusa kokushisa kanye nomswakama ofanele. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, i-terrarium kufanele ifakelwe uhlelo lokufudumeza oluzenzakalelayo ngezinzwa ze-thermo-sensors, ezivumela ukugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo, kanye ne-hygrometer ukulawula umswakama. Ama-boas amaningi ezimweni zemvelo ahlala emahlathini omanzi, ngakho-ke izinga lomswakama kufanele ligcinwe ebangeni lama-75-80%. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina izinga lokushisa elihlukile ngaphakathi kwe-terrarium ukuze kwelinye ukuphela lingabi ngaphezu kuka-30-32 ° C, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi akudluli ku-21 ° C. Lokhu kuzovumela isilwane ukwenza i-thermoregulation yomzimba.

Isisekelo sendlu yama-boas kufanele simbozwe ngemisele, embozwe ngenhlabathi egcina umswakama kahle (ngokwesibonelo, isendlalelo esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-orchid asifanele).

E-terrarium, kuyathandeka ukubeka amagatsha kanye ne-driftwood lapho izinhlobo zezhlahla zizosebenzisa isikhathi sazo, futhi ngezinhlobo zomhlaba zizokuba yingxenye yomhlobiso. Ngendlela, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlele kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile lezi zinto ukusuka endaweni kuya kwenye noma ungene esikhundleni ezintsha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boa yasekhaya idinga indawo lapho ingacasha khona emehlweni enyama. Kulokhu, iziqukathi ezikhethekile ezithengiwe esitolo sezilwane noma izimbiza ezinkulu zezimbali ziyafaneleka. Amakhemikhali adinga ukugezwa masonto onke. Le nqubo ingahlanganiswa nokuhlanza lonke ithala kusuka emikhiqizweni ebalulekile yesilwane. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-terrarium kufanele ifakwe ngesimbozo esifanelekile, lapho kufakwa khona izimbobo ezincane ukuze kudliwe umoya. Uma ushiya isivalo singavulekile, i-boa yakho yasekhaya ingaphunyuka.

Ungayondla kanjani i-boa constenteor ekhaya?

Ukondla izilwane ezifuywayo ngokuvamile akulula. Akunandaba nokuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo, wonke ama-boas ayajabula ukudla izinduku nezinyoni zobukhulu obufanele. Kwabantu abasha, amagundane asanda kuzalwa afanele ukudla, kubantu abadala, amagundane ajwayelekile. Imvamisa yokondliwa kuya ngeminyaka nobulili bama-boas. Izilwane ezisencane nabesifazane abakhulelwe bondliwa kaningi - kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5, abantu abadala kufanele bathola ukudla njalo emavikini ama-2.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-boas aqukethe ekhaya, nsuku zonke adinga amanzi okuphuza. Ngakho-ke, ekhoneni elifudumele le-terrarium, udinga ukubeka ithangi elikhulu elibanzi ngamanzi. Kuzoba nzima ukuguqula isitsha sokuphuza esinjalo, ngaphandle kwalokho kungasebenza njengomthombo owengeziwe womswakama.