Njengoba kushiwo omunye wabalingiswa abadumile, kwifilimu ethile edumile: "emahlathini aseBrazil kunezinkawu eziningi zasendle." Kepha ikati lasendle ukuhlangana lapho kuba impumelelo enkulu.

Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-oncilla iyimfihlakalo, ifana nejaguar encane, ehola isilwane ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ayizange ifundwe ngokwanele ngabazi bezinto eziphilayo. Kepha noma kunjalo, kunokuthile okwaziwayo ngaye.

Muva nje, ososayensi abavela eBrazil bathole ukuthi ikati le-oncilla emahlathini aleli lizwe empeleni linezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile futhi empeleni linabantu abaningi.

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziye zenza ucwaningo lokuhlola izakhi zofuzo lwe-DNA yamakati athile wezinyosi aqokelwe lovivinyo. Lezi zilwane, eziningi zazo ezinendawo yokuhlala evamile, ziyafana ngokubukeka nosayizi wekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya.

Manje izinhlobo eziningana zithathwa njengamakati wekati, phakathi kwazo i-oncilla:

• Ikati lika-Andean (Leopardus jacobitus)
• I-Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
• I-Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)
• Ikati Elinomsila Omude (iLeopardus wiedii)
• Ikati likaGeoffrey (Leopardus geoffroyi)
• Ikati laseChile (Leopardus guigna)
• Ikati le-Pampas (Leopardus colocolo)
• I-Leopardus pajeros (alikho igama lesiRussia)

Izazi zebhayoloji zazinesifiso sokuthi kwenzeka kaningi kangakanani iziphambano ezi-interspecific. Ngenxa yocwaningo, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi i-oncilli akuyona into eyodwa. Amakati ahlala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil awela namakati wePampas futhi akha uhlobo, manje olubizwa ngokuthi yiLeopardus tigrinus. Izakhamizi zaseningizimu zathola ezinye izinhlobo zofuzo ezinkambeni zikaGeoffrey. Le nhlobo yabizwa - iLeopardus guttulus.

Abaphenyi baphawule ukuthi izici zezendawo zaba nomthelela kulokhu kwehlukana. Njengoba enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe, amakati ahlala phakathi kwezihlahla ezomile zesahna, kanye neningizimu yabantu emahlathini amanzi osogwini lwe-Atlantic.

Besebenzisa indlela yokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo, ososayensi bazama ukwakha kabusha izinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zokuthuthuka komhlaba wezilwane nokuphila eMhlabeni.

I-Habitat kanye ne-subspecies ye-oncilli

Lawa makati atholakala enyakatho ne-Argentina nasempumalanga mpumalanga yeBrazil aya enyakatho nePanama naseCosta Rica.

Kodwa-ke, indawo yokuhlala iphakeme kakhulu futhi inobuhle. Ezindaweni eziningi zensimu echaziwe, ikati liyivelakancane. E-Amazon, ngokwesibonelo, ayiveli nhlobo. Kuvame kakhulu emahlathini asezansi nasentabeni.

Umbala we-oncilla ufana ngempela nejaguar encane.

Ukubhaliswa kwe-oncilla kuhlukaniswa ubude bejazi, ithoni yombala, nokucaca kwephethini. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezihamba phambili zalezi zilwane:

• Leopardus tigrinus pardiniode - uhlala endaweni ye-Ecuador, Colombia kanye nasentshonalanga yeVenezuela,
• ILeopardus tigrinus guttulus - etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Argentina, eningizimu yeBrazil, Paraguay nase-Uruguay,
• I-Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus - etholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil, Guyana, nasempumalanga yeVenezuela.

Indlela yokuphila ye-Oncilla kanye nokudla okunempilo

Lezi zilwane zihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zezulu. Ama-Oncillas athanda kakhulu amahlathi asezintabeni anomswakama omkhulu, lapho atholakala khona aze afinyelela endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha amathathu ngaphezu kolwandle. Kodwa-ke, emahlathini awomile, ngokwesibonelo eVenezuela, la makati nawo atholakala kaningi.

Indlela yokuphila yalezi zilwane ayifundwa kabi. Njengabameli abaningi bomndeni we-feline, umsebenzi we-oncillus uboniswa ikakhulu ebumnyameni. Ntambama bathanda ukuphumula, benyuka amagatsha ezihlahla.

Njengoba i-oncilla iyisidleke esincane, ukudla kwayo kufaka zonke izinhlobo zamagundane amancane, izinyoka, izibankwa, amasele nezinyoni. Kunobufakazi bokuthi lekati ngezinye izikhathi isebenzisa ngisho nezinkawu ezincane.

Ukudla kwama-oncils kufaka namagundane amancane, izinyoni, izinyoka ezingenabuthi kanye namaxoxo esihlahla.

Ukusakazeka kwe-oncill

Njengoba, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, le nhlobo ifundwe kancane, kungenzeka ukwahlulela ukuzalwa kwama-oncils kuphela ngokuziphatha kwabo ekudingisweni. I-estrus yowesifazane ayihlali isikhathi eside, kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Njengoba esekhulelwe, uzale izingane cishe amasonto ayishumi kuya kwayi-11. Ku-udoti, njengomthetho, kukhona kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2 amawundlu.

Njengezinhlobo eziningi zamakati, amakati azalwa engaboni. Amehlo abo avuleka kuphela ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Isikhathi sokuqunjelwa sithatha izinyanga ezi-3, emva kwalokho ikati likamama liwadlulisela kancane kancane amathole ekudleni kwenyama. Ukuthomba kwe-oncillus kwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.

Akukho okwaziwayo ngokusatshalaliswa kwama-oncils emvelweni.

Isimo sokuvikelwa kwezinhlobo

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, abakwa-Oncillas babeyizinga elidumile phakathi kwabazingeli. Lolu hlobo lwathola ukuthandwa okunjalo ngenxa yobuhle boboya bayo. Okwamanje, enanini lalawa amakati, kunabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Usongo olukhulu ezinhlotsheni luhlala lungabazingeli, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwekhofi, ukuze kutshalwe ngalo amahlathi agawulwa ezindaweni zokuhlala i-oncilli. Ukuzingela la makati emazweni amaningi ahlanganisa izindawo ahlala kuzo akuvunyelwe ngumthetho.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Incazelo ye-Oncilla (Oncilla)

Ikati lokuqala le-jaguar okuzoxoxwa ngalo nge-oncilla. Igama lalesi silo ekuhunyushweni kususelwa olimini lwendawo lisho ukuthi "jaguar". Emhlabeni wesayensi, i- “jaguar encane” ibizwa nangokuthi ikati elincanyana (i-Leopardus tigrinus) noma ikati nje le-tiger (Felis tigrina). Kunokumbalwa okumbalwa kwale jaguar mini, okuhluka phakathi kwabo ngobude bejazi, umbala kanye nokuqina komdwebo.

Ama-Oncillas ahlukaniswe njengezinhlobo ezihlukile ososayensi bezilwane basanda kakhulu ngonyaka we-2013. Futhi, ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA kubonise ukuthi lesi silo sine-chromosome engama-36 kuphela, kanti iningi labamele umndeni we-feline laline-chromosomes engama-38. Ososayensi banqume nokuthi amakati we-oncilla awahlangani nabantu bezinhlobo zawo, kepha amakati kaGeoffrey ahlala ezifundeni ezifanayo. .

Ukubukeka. Ukubonakala kwale kati kusondele kakhulu ukubukeka nombala wenyathi yaseNingizimu Melika. Nayi osayizi. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-80-96 kuphela, kanti isisindo somzimba sabantu abakhulu kakhulu sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-2,5 kuphela, okungaphansi kwesisindo sejaguar eyisilinganiso. Kodwa-ke, le jaguar encane iyinhle kakhulu. Umzimba olula wokugijimisa umzimba omangalisayo, onamathambo aqinile nemilenze eqinile. Ikhanda elincane elinesizalo esihle entanyeni yemisipha yobude obuphakathi. Amehlo amakhulu aphuzi uju, izindlebe ezinkulu zindilinga emaphethelweni. Amancanyana, sengathi “aprintiwe”, uboya obufushane nobuthambile kakhulu bumbala ophuzi we-ocher onamabala acacile wephethini "ngaphansi kwejaguar".

Indawo yokusabalalisa nendawo yokuhlala. I-Oncilla isatshalaliswa eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Kuvamile ikakhulukazi eBrazil, e-Argentina, eVenezuela, eParaguay nase-Ecuador. Isifunda sendawo okuhlala kuyo inyakatho yeCosta Rica. Ama-jaguar ama-miniature anikeza ukhetho olukhulu kakhulu ngokuba khona kwawo hhayi emahlathini aphakeme emvula aseNingizimu Melika, kodwa avame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezomile, kanye nasezindaweni ezigawulwa amahlathi we-eucalyptus noma emahlathini alahliwe. Kwesinye isikhathi ikati le-mini-jaguar nayo ingatholwa ngqo lapho kuhlala khona umuntu.

Indlela yokuphila yokweyisa. Le feline ingumhlaseli ohamba nobusuku, obudla inyama yayo yonke izinhlobo zamagundane amancane eNingizimu Melika, izinyoni, amasele ezihlahla, izirhubuluzi (ezingezona ezinobuthi), ngisho nezinduna ezithile namawundlu azo. Futhi uma ukuzingela kuthatha isikhathi esiningi sobusuku, khona-ke ntambama laba badla inyama bakhetha ukulala emagatsheni ezihlahla ezinde, baphephe ezitheni ezinkulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi usayizi we-oncilla mncane, imvelo yabo inolaka impela futhi inegazi. Ngokuvikela indawo noma impilo yabo, bayakwazi ukuzimela ngokungathi sína, bahlasele ngokungenasisekelo owephula umngcele noma bahlasele umhlaseli.

Izitha Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi usayizi we-oncilla mncane kakhulu, cishe azikho izitha zemvelo ezikwazi ukubamba lekati elihlanyayo futhi elimbambile. Izitha zakhe eziphambili bangabazingeli, abazingela uboya bayo obuhle. Kepha kulezi zinsuku, ngisho nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni (i-oncilla abavikelwe cishe yizo zonke izifundazwe) badala umonakalo omkhulu ngokwanda kwabantu balezi zilwane ezinhle, kepha izinkampani ezigawula izingodo ezingayeki ukucekela phansi indawo yazo eyinhloko - amahlathi ahlala njalo aseNingizimu Melika.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuthomba kwabantu besifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba yikhulu nesigamu, kanti abesilisa abaneminyaka emi-2 nokuthi isikhathi sokuzala kwalezi zilwane sifushane kakhulu futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ngonyaka. Ama-kittens angaboni kuphela angama-1-2 anesisindo somzimba esingengaphansi kwama-gramu ayi-120 azalelwa kule doti. Amehlo kaKitens avula kuphela ekupheleni kweviki lesithathu lokuba khona. Ukondla ubisi ezinganeni ngunina wekati luhlala izinyanga ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho bashintshela ngokuphelele ekudleni okuqinile kwenyama. Ukuba khona okuzimele kwenzalo kuqala ngezinyanga eziyishumi.

I-Codecode Ye-Breed (Kodkod)

ICodecode ngolunye uhlobo lekati yasendle efana nejaguar encane ekubukekeni kwayo. Ikhodi yekhodi, noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, ikati laseChile (i-Oncifelis guigna, i-Felis guigna) iyisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-oncilla, yize ihlukile ngandlela thile ngokubukeka.

Ukubukeka. Usayizi walesi simeleli somndeni wekati sicishe sibe yingxenye yobukhulu be-oncilla. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bungamasentimitha angama-52 kuphela. Isisindo somzimba esiphezulu singama-2.7 kg. I-codecode iyikati laseMelika elincane kunazo zonke zasendle. Ikhodi yaseChileyane ibukeka ngokufana ne-oncilla, kepha ihlukile ngombala omnyama nangokwesikhumba esindayo, umbala onsomi noma ompunga onsundu. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka nhlobo umbala oqinile omnyama.

Indawo yokusabalalisa nendawo yokuhlala. Ikati laseChile lihlala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, ezingxenyeni eziphakathi neziseningizimu nesifundazwe saseChile (yingakho igama lezinhlobo) futhi lingasho lutho e-Argentina. Itholakala ngokwemvelo emahlathini anomswakama futhi anomswakama wezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, ezindaweni ezinesihlahla esinzima, eduze nemifula namachibi. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zilwane zitholakala eduzane nokuhlala kwabantu (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesizotha lapho ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuzingela kungenziwa khona).

Indlela yokuphila. Ikhodi iyisisulu esisodwa esihamba ngokuzingela, imvamisa kusihlwa. Kodwa-ke, uma izindawo zigodliwe impela, uyakwazi ukuzingela ngesikhathi sasemini. Izabelo zekhodi ikakhulukazi ngamagundane amancane nezinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi - ezihuquzelayo ezingenabuthi kanye nezinambuzane ezithile. Akuvamile ukuthi ama-goese ezifuywayo, amadada kanye nezinkukhu babe yizisulu zekhodi. Indlela yokuphila yalesi sikati iyimfihlo kakhulu futhi ayikafundwa ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zilwane zichitha isikhathi esikhulu sosuku ezihlahleni ezinde, zehla kuphela ukuzingela noma ukuklama indawo yazo yokuhlala, ubukhulu bazo bufika kumamitha-skwele ayi-2,5. km Emahlathini angaphansi kwenhlabathi nezihlahla ezingaphansi, ngesikhathi sasemini ikhodi icasha ezindaweni zokucasha noma izenzela umhosha ezigodini nasezigodini. Ukuthomba kwabamele le nhlobo kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni emi-2. Ukukhulelwa kwezinsikazi kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-73-78. Kusuka kumakhethini ama-1 kuya kwayi-3 azalwa emahlombe, ukondla lawo ubisi luhlala izinyanga ezintathu. Isikhathi sokuphila, noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuthunjwa, sincanyana - iminyaka eyi-10 - 11. Emvelweni - kuthathwa njengokuncane.

Izitha Ikati yasendle ayinazitha zemvelo. Ukumbamba akulula. Ngakho-ke, inkinga enkulu eningi labantu balesi silwane esimangalisayo ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kwabantu ngamakhofi ekofi, kanye nokuzingela ngenxa yesikhumba esihle sesilwane. Abalimi bavame ukubulala amakhodi ngenjongo yokuziphindisela kwezinkukhu eziqothulwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lezi zilwane ziba izisulu zengozi noma zokuzingela unogwaja nezinja.

Ukubukeka kwe-Oncilla

Ngaphandle, i-oncilla ifana kakhulu nejaguar encane. Leli gama liyahunyushwa - "jaguar little." Ubude bawo ngamasentimitha angama-60-85, ama-oncilla angenye yamakati amancane. Amasentimitha angama-25- 40 awela emsileni. Isisindo sekati sisuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3 kilos. Ukuma kwezindlebe zekati lekati kuyindilinga. Izindlebe ezinechotho elimhlophe phakathi, futhi zimnyama ngaphandle. Uboya bekati bufushane, buthambile futhi bukhulu.

Kokunye i-fline oncilla, umbala ogqamile uhlukaniswa. Ezinhlangothini nasemuva, leli jazi linombala ophuzi onamabala amahle amnyama, isisu nesifuba sekati lekati kumhlophe futhi kunendawo emnyama edlulayo. Ebusweni, isilwane sinamamaki amhlophe. Umzimba ophakeme ngemivimbo emide, enezindawo ezimnyama eziyindilinga.

I-Oncilla imvamisa ihlala emahlathini emvula ahlala eqabile. Emahlathini asezintabeni, i-oncilla ingatholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezu kolwandle. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi agqunywe emahlathini, ezindaweni ezishiywe ngotshani ze-eucalyptus, kude nalapho kuhlala khona abantu.

Manje kungani i- "jaguar" encane? Yebo, yonke into ilula, i-oncilla ifana ngempela ne-jaguar, ukwengeza kanye nombala okwazi ukwenza isivakashi esingathandeki kumdidanise nejaguar yengane.

Kodwa-ke, ngokutadisha ngokucophelela lesi silwane, kuba sobala ukuthi ikati elincanyana kunazo zonke lamakati esifundeni se-neotropic. Lincane kakhulu ngosayizi kunezihlobo zalo - i-ocelot nekati elide-elinomsila.

Ubude bomzimba we-oncilla bufika kuma-65 cm kuphela. Umsila ungama-40 cm. Isisindo sowesilisa singafinyelela kumakhilogremu amathathu, kepha ngesimo sokuthi uyisibonakaliso esikhulu kakhulu. Izinyawo zekati yasendle zinde. Futhi izindlebe namehlo makhulu kangangokuba anika isilo ukubukeka okuhle nokubi kakhulu.

Enye yezinto ezithokozisayo ze-oncillas umbala wayo. Umbala ogqamile woboya uhlukanisa ikati namanye amalungu omndeni. Ezinhlangothini nangasemuva, ijazi linombala ophuzi onamabala amahle amnyama. Kepha isisu nesifuba zimhlophe ngamabala amnyama agudlayo. Isizungwana sibuye sinezindawo, kufakwa kuphela amamaki amhlophe lapha. Umsila umbozwe amabala amnyama ahlanganisa ukungena emasongweni asondele empini (kusuka emasongweni ayi-7 kuye kwayi-13).

Amehlo angakhanya abe nsundu.

Phakathi kwama-oncils, izihlwayi zivame ukutholakala - cishe wonke umuntu wesihlanu. Amakati anjalo avele ngombala omnyama wohlanga.

Indlela yokuphila ye-Oncilla

Lezi zilwane zihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zezulu. Ama-Oncillas athanda kakhulu amahlathi asezintabeni anomswakama omkhulu, lapho atholakala khona aze afinyelela endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha amathathu ngaphezu kolwandle. Kodwa-ke, emahlathini awomile, ngokwesibonelo eVenezuela, la makati nawo atholakala kaningi.

Indlela yokuphila yalezi zilwane ayifundwa kabi. Njengabameli abaningi bomndeni we-feline, umsebenzi we-oncillus uboniswa ikakhulu ebumnyameni. Ntambama bathanda ukuphumula, benyuka amagatsha ezihlahla.

Njengoba i-oncilla iyisidleke esincane, ukudla kwayo kufaka zonke izinhlobo zamagundane amancane, izinyoka, izibankwa, amasele nezinyoni. Kunobufakazi bokuthi lekati ngezinye izikhathi isebenzisa ngisho nezinkawu ezincane.

Ukudla kwama-oncils kufaka namagundane amancane, izinyoni, izinyoka ezingenabuthi kanye namaxoxo esihlahla.

I-Oncilla, njengamakati amaningi asendle, iphila impilo yodwa. Ikati lekati lisebenza ikakhulukazi kusihlwa, kuthi phakathi nosuku liphumule emagatsheni ezihlahla. I-Oncilla ikati lasehlathini, futhi ukudla kwayo kufana nokwawo wonke amakati asehlathini: izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (ikakhulukazi izinduku), izidalwa ezingenabuthi ezinobuthi, izinhlwathi ezincane, kanye namaxoxo esihlahla sehlathi.

Habitat

U-Oncilli, owaziwa nangokuthi amakati amancanyana abona amabala namakati amancane, aqoshwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Zithanda indawo ezihlala emahlathini futhi zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo yamahlathi, kufaka phakathi amahlathi aminyene asendaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-1,500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ukusuka ku-350 kuya ku-1,500 m, ama-oncilli angatholakala emahlathini ashisayo noma anomswakama. Ukusuka ku-1,500 m kuya phezulu, le nhlobo ingatholakala emahlathini aswakeme wezintaba noma amahlathi anomswakama afudumele. Imininingwane etholakalayo ikhombisa ukuthi inani labo liyanda emahlathini aqatha futhi asezingeni eliphansi, futhi eBrazil, zanda ngempumelelo ama-savannas kanye nezihlahlana ezinameva. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-Oncillas akhuphuka ngobuhlakani izihlahla, lezi ngokuyizilwane eziyizilwane zomhlaba.

Isimo sabantu nokuvikelwa kwe-oncilla

I-Oncilla ithulisiwe kahle. Ngenxa yoboya obuhle, ikati lezinkukhu selizingeli isikhathi eside. Ukulahleka kwendawo okubangelwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuzingela kuholela ekunciphiseni kwabantu balezi zinhlobo.

Eqinisweni, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngempilo yama-oncils; lesi yisilwane esifihlekile futhi esingandile. Iningi lemininingwane mayelana nalawa makati latholakala ngokuwabona kuma-zoo emhlabeni. Njengoba uqonda, lolu lwazi alunakuba oluphelele.

Ingozi enkulu, njengoba kwenzeka njalo, yindoda. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abazingeli abazingela isilo basizonda ngenxa yoboya bayo obuhle. Kwakunesikhathi lapho kwaqothulwa abantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyikhulu ngonyaka (izilwane eziyi-13000 zabulawa ngonyaka we-1977 no-84 500 ngo-1983), kepha manje inani labantu base-oncilli, ngokwezibalo, lingamakati ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kuphela.

I-Oncilla ingavinjelwa ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, kuyaqabukela eziluweni zaseYurophu.

Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20. Emvelweni - iminyaka eyi-12-16.

Ama-oncils abhalwe ku-Appendix I CITES.

• I-Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] tigrina [tigrinus] - eCosta Rica.
• I-Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] guttula - eCentral Brazil.
• I-Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] pardiniode - eNyakatho Andes.
• I-Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] tigrinis - eNortheast Brazil naseGuiana.

Ukuziphatha

Ama-Oncillas ikakhulukazi ebusuku, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ayasebenza phakathi nosuku. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ziyizilwane zomhlaba, amakati avumelaniswa kahle nokukhuphuka. Ngezinye izikhathi zigqokwa ngababili ngesikhathi sokuzalela, kepha zithathwa njengezodwa. Endle, abesilisa bangaba nolaka olukhulu lubhekise kwabesifazane. Akujwayelekile ukuthi la makati abulale izilwane ngaphezu kwazo.

Habitat

Lesi silwane esingavamile sihlala eNingizimu Melika. Ngokuqondile, itholakala ezindaweni zaseCosta Rica, iPanama, iBrazil nasenyakatho yeArgentina. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-oncilla ayitholakali ogwini lwe-Amazon, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi lesi silwane sithanda amahlathi asezintabeni nasendaweni engaphansi komhlaba, ama-evergreen amahlathi ahlala njalo futhi “anenkungu”, ukuphakama kwawo kungadluli kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu namakhulu amabili ngaphezu kolwandle. Kepha uma ihlathi lingaphansi komhlaba, ukuphakama okukhulu kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1500.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi amakati amahlosi ayatholakala nasehlathini eligawulwa, ezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezilahliwe ze-eucalyptus, kanye nasehlathini elomile laseVenezuela.

EBrazil, ama-Oncillas aphumelela ukuphumelela ukusebenzisa ama-savannas, izihlahla ezinameva eziwugwadule nezihlahla ezifanayo ze-eucalyptus.

Isisulu sobusuku esingajwayelekile

Njengabahlaseli abaningi, i-oncilla iya ekuzingeleni kusihlwa, noma ebusuku. Kuliqiniso, emahlathini angenasisekelo, lapho kuhlala kukhanya okuncane khona, ungahlangana nekati ntambama.

I-Tiger ikati ihola impilo yodwa. Kwabesifazane, ubukhulu bendawo bufika ku-2.3 km2. Abesilisa banobubanzi obukhulu - ukusuka ku-4,8 kuya ku-17 km2, futhi lokhu kukhulu kunokuba bekucatshangwa, uma kubhekwa usayizi wabo.

Ukudla kwakhe kuqukethe izinduku ezincane nezinyoni (ziyakwazi ukuhlanza izinyoni zazo zezimpaphe ngaphambi kokudla). Kunokuqagela ukuthi iyakwazi ukuzingela izinyoka ezinobuthi kanye namaxoxo esihlahla. Kunemibiko yokuthi eBrazil, ama-oncilli nawo adla izinyoni ezincane. Babulala zonke izisulu zabo ngokuluma okukodwa - ukubhoboza ugebhezi nokufika ebuchosheni.

Lawa makati “akhuphuka kahle” maqondana nezihlahla, kepha asathanda ukuba semhlabathini.

Isilwane asesabi - i-oncilla iyakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekulweni nabameleli be-feline ngokweqile ngokweqile ngosayizi. Kuyajabulisa futhi ukuthi ezimpini ezinjalo uvame ukuphuma enqoba.

Futhi lezi zilwane zibhukuda ezinkulu! Kuliqiniso, njengamakati asekhaya, abathandi ukuzigabisa kakhulu. Ukungena emanzini kungenza isimo esiphuthumayo kuphela.

Okuhle

U-Oncils wayezingelwa ngokungemthetho kulo lonke uhla lwendawo ngenxa yesikhumba esihle esasibukeka njengejazi lama-ocelot namakati amade (u-margay). Phakathi kuka-1976 no-1982, izikhumba ze-oncil zaziphakathi kwamakati asendle athengiswa kakhulu. Bathengiswa emakethe yezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukile.

Ikati likaGeoffroy

Futhi enye ingwevu yaseNingizimu Melika - ikati uGeoffrey (Leopardus geoffroyi, uFelis geoffroyi, u-Oncifelis geoffroyi), ohlonishwe ngokuvumbulula lolu hlobo, isazi semvelo saseFrance uGeoffre Saint-Hilaire. Ubuye abe yisihlobo esiseduze se-mini-jaguar oncilla.

Okwamanje, kuchazwa imininingwane emine yalesi silwane esihlala ezifundeni ezihlukene:

• Felis geoffroyi geoffroyi - enkabeni ye-Argentina,
  
• Felis geoffroyi Paraguayae - eningizimu yeBrazil nase-Uraguay,
  
• Felis geoffroyi Euxantha - eBolivia,
  
• Felis geoffroyi Salinarum - esifundeni saseChaco.
  

Incazelo yohlobo:

• Ukubukeka. Lesi silwane sifana kakhulu ne-oncilla esivele ichaziwe ngenhla, sahluka kuphela ngosayizi omncane womzimba ngesisindo sawo esikhudlwana (ngenxa yamathambo amakhulu). Isisindo somzimba wekati yasendle uGeoffrey afinyelela cishe ku-5 kg ​​kwabesilisa futhi afinyelela ku-4 kg kwabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba - ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-45 kuye kwangama-75. Umbala wesilwane uphuzi wegolide ngephethini elimnyama elihlukile elihlanganisa amabala, imibuthano, imivimbo nezindandatho. Imvamisa kukhona abantu abamnyama bamalahle ngokuphelele.

  Indawo yokusabalalisa nendawo yokuhlala. Ikati likaGeoffrey lisatshalaliswa eningizimu yeSouth America - eningizimu yeBrazil, eningizimu ye-Argentina naseningizimu yePatagonia. Indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa izindawo ezinamapulangwe ezansi kwamagquma nezintaba eziphansi, ama-pampas, ogwadule abangama-solonchak, izindawo ezinamahlathi amancane, izihlahlana eziminyene ngisho nemabhishi. Ikati likaGeoffrey yisilwane esiguquguqukayo ngendlela efanele esingaphila ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezinezimo ezihlukile zemvelo nesimo sezulu. Lesi silo akuvamile ukuba seduze nabantu.

  Izitha Isitha esikhulu salesi silo indoda engagcini ngokuyizingela kuphela ngoboya bayo obuhle (ukuzingela nokuhweba kulezi zilwane manje akuvunyelwe yonke indawo), kodwa futhi kubhubhisa indawo yayo yemvelo, ukudonsa izixhaphozi, ukugawula amahlathi nezihlahlana. Lezi zilwane azinazo izitha zemvelo ezingalimaza abantu.

  Indlela yokuphila. Ikati likaGeoffrey, njengamalungu amaningi omndeni wekati, lihlala lodwa. Izingela emhlabathini, ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni noma emachibi aseduze, ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni. Ama-trophies wokuzingela afaka hhayi kuphela izinduku nezinyoni ezincane, kepha nezingulube ze-Guinea, i-agouti, izinyamazane, izinambuzane, amaqanda ezinyoni nezinhlanzi zasemfuleni. Isilo sibhukuda ngokuphelele futhi singesabi nakancane amanzi. Kwenzeka ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlasele izilwane ezifuywayo (ngenxa yalokho abathinta abalimi bavame ukuzizingela). Esikhathini sasemini, le jaguar encane ithanda ukucasha esihlahleni noma esihlahleni (endaweni enamahlathi). Imaka indawo ehlala kuyo njalo futhi njalo. Usayizi ojwayelekile wesakhiwo ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-4 kuye kwayi-10. km

  Ukuthomba emakati alolu hlobo kwenzeka eneminyaka emibili. Ukuhluma kwenzeka, imvamisa esihlahleni. Ezindaweni ezisehlathini, ama-kittens asanda kuzalwa (ngokuvamile asemigodini) agcinwa lapho. Ezindaweni ezingenamsebenzi, ikati likaGeoffrey limisa izindlu zangasese emathangeni noma emadwaleni amadwala. Ukusuka kuma kittens ayi-1 kuye kwayi-3 azalelwa udoti (kaningi kuze kube ngamalitha amabili ngonyaka). Ukuqunjelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu, emva kwalokho inzalo ishintshela ekudleni okuqinile kwenyama.

• Isikhathi sokuphila lezi zilwane ezinhle emvelweni azizinkulu, ekudingisweni kwesinye isikhathi ziphila zibe neminyaka eyi-14.
  

I-Cat Fisher (i-Prionailurus viverrinus)

Yebo, ekuphetheni, mayelana nekati, ebukeka futhi njengejaguar encane, kepha ihlala kude nayo - eSoutheast Asia. Igama lakhe ngumdobi wekati noma ikati le-civet.

Ukubukeka. I-Viverra cat -fish ifana ne-viverra (yingakho yaqanjwa igama layo) nenye ikati yasendle eyaziwa kancane embuthanweni obanzi - i-jaguarundi ehlala eNingizimu Melika. Umzimba ofanayo oqinile, umzimba onamandla oqinile onekhanda elikhulu entanyeni yemisipha, imilenze emfishane. Ubungako bekati le-wyverrow alilona likhulu: umzimba wezintokazi ufinyelela amasentimitha angama-70 ubude, amakati amakhulu kakhulu - ukusuka kuma-85 kuya ku-117 amasentimitha. Isisindo somzimba kwabesifazane sifinyelela ku-7-7,5 kg, emadodeni - aze afike ku-12 kg. Yebo, umdobi wekati uyisilo esisindayo, kepha ungumhlaseli owedlula ngokweqile futhi osheshayo. Uboya besilwane bukhulu futhi bukhuni, bidwetshelwe ngombala ompunga ompunga ngama-oval amabala amnyama nendawo.

Indawo yokusabalalisa nendawo yokuhlala. Indawo yokuhlala yalezi zilwane yiNhlonhlo YaseHindustan, kodwa iyatholakala naseziqhingini zaseJava naseCeylon. Kubonwe kaningi eMalaysia naseThailand. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zilwane zithanda imigwaqo yasolwandle enhlonhlo, ecebile ngemifudlana, emifuleni nasemachibini, egcotshwe ngomhlanga noma ngama-mangroves, okubavumela ukuthi bangagcini nje ngokuzibandakanya ngohlobo lwabo abalithandayo lokuzingela - ukudoba, kodwa futhi nokuzifihla ngokuphepha kwezinye izinyamazane uma kunesidingo.

Izitha Emvelweni, ikati elisindayo alinazitha nakancane, kudabukisa ngokwanele ukubalekela kude nomzingeli omkhulu ngesikhathi. Izidlakela ezincane ngokwazo azithandi ukuxhumana naye ngenxa yesimo sakhe esinolaka nesinamandla. Ngakho-ke, isitha esikhulu salesi sikati ngumuntu obhubhisa indawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile yalezi jaguars zase-Asia ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ukuzingela lekati, ngenxa yoboya bayo kanye noxhaxha bayo, futhi kulimaze umphakathi. Manje umdobi wekati ubhalwe ku-Red Book futhi kuyo yonke indawo uvikelwe ngumthetho.

Indlela yokuphila. Njengoba igama lisho, ukudla okuphambili kwalaba bantu abahlukumeza kakhulu izinhlanzi. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, indawo oyithandayo yokuhlala yama-wyverns ngamibhede yomhlanga eduze nezidumbu zamanzi. Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi ezihlatshwa amakati ngobuhlakani emanzini angajulile noma, zidonsela emva kwalo ngokujulile, lezi zidlova zidla futhi ngomkhaza, ama-mollusks kanye nama-amphibians athile. Ngezikhathi ezithile banezela ukudla kwabo ngeminenke, ngamagundane amancane, ngezinyoni, namachwane abo namaqanda.

Ikati leViverra liyindlela yokuzingela eyedwa yabazingeli nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku futhi ithanda ukubhanqa isikhathi esifushane sokuzalela. Kumele ngisho ukuthi umdobi wekati unomlingisi ongaqondakali futhi onobuhlakani, uvame ukungezwani nezihlobo zakhe ezingama-feline kanye nezinye izakhamizi zehlathi lama mangrove nemishayo ezungezile.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwalezi zilwane siphindwe kaningi ngonyaka, sihlala njalo, isikhathi ngasinye phakathi nesonto. Ukukhulelwa kwamakati okudoba kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-64-70. Ukusuka kumakati amabili kuya kwamathathu azalwa kulolo doti, umama alondla ngobisi izinyanga ezintathu. AmaKittens aba ngabantu abadala futhi acishe azimele ngonyaka wezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Isilinganiso sokuphila kwalezi jaguar ezincane emvelweni asikasungulwa ngokuqondile, ekudingisweni kusukela eminyakeni eyi-15 kuye kwengama-24.

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