I-Imperial tamarin iyinkawu encane yomndeni we-marmoset. Umndeni unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 zezinkawu ezincane, eziyi-17 zazo zingamakharaveni. Kepha namuhla ngifuna ukukhuluma ngezingane ezinomsila ezimangalisa ngokuphelele ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Ngaphandle kokungaguquki futhi wenze okubi, nakanjani bazokukwenza umamatheke.
Umhlangano wokuqala
I-Imparin tamarin ichazwe muva nje. Ngenkathi ososayensi bekhombisa inkawu, ihlotshiswe ngentshebe emhlophe ne-amadevu, banquma ukwenza ihlaya, bathi izilwane ziyafana neNkosi yasePrussia kanye noMbusi WaseJalimane, uWilliam II. Ikakhulu uma uqinisa amadevu wesilwane phezulu. Futhi, yize ukufana kwesithombe kuphelela lapho, inkawu yathola isihloko esiphakeme sombusi futhi yaba "ithoyizi" elidumile lasekhaya.
Ukubukeka
Njengoba umlingisi oyinhloko walesi sihloko angumbhali we-tamarin, incazelo yesilwane ngeke ibe yinto enhle kakhulu. Inkawu ibhekwa njengohlobo olufiphele, ngoba ubude bomzimba wabo abudluli kuma-25 cm. Inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-300. Kepha umsila ohambahamba noweshumi ungaba mude kunomzimba womnikazi.
Naphezu kokuhamba kwakhe nokuziphatha okubi, iTamarine yasebukhosini ibukeka inhle futhi ibucayi. I-prank emnandi yemvelo, enikeze lezi zinhlobo intshebe namadevu, iqokomisa izilwane futhi idonse ukunakwa kwazo. Kepha umbala wejazi lezingane uvame kakhulu: amathafa, ansundu noma acishe abe mnyama. E esifubeni nasekhanda, izinwele ezimpunga "ezinhle" zingashona. Uboya bungaba ne-zethusi elula noma i-golden tint.
Ngokumangazayo, ama-primates amancane, ngokungafani nezihlobo zawo, awunazipikili ezandleni, kodwa anezici ezibukhali. I-tamarin yombusi isebenzisa le divayisi ukugibela izihlahla.
Kunzima ukucabanga ngowesifazane ongumuntu ozoziqhenya ngobuhlalu kanye nentshebe. Kodwa izinsikazi zama-tamarins nakanjani zisibona isizathu sokuqhosha ngale migexo. Amadevu kanye nentshebe zezinsikazi kungakhula kuze kube sesiswini, futhi bayakujabulela ukuhlela abalungisi bezinwele abahlanganayo, bahlangane futhi banciphisane ngobude obungeziwe bokunqwabelana. Ukunakekelwa okuhlangene kwesilevu namadevu kuyisici sokukhulumisana komndeni nokuziphatha kwabasizi abancane.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-tamarin yasebukhosini?
Umzimba walesi sikhathi mncane kakhulu, awukhuli ngobude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Isisindo se-tamarin esikhulile cishe singama-300 amagremu.
Umsila we-primate yinde kakhulu, imvamisa ilingana nosayizi womzimba. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ngeke usho ngokushesha ukuthi i-tamarin monkey encane. Umsila usiza ukulinganisa isilwane lapho sihamba ngamagatsha ezihlahla, lapho sizama ukufinyelela esixotsheni esilandelayo esimnandi nesivuthiwe.
AmaTamarine ayizinkawu zezihlahla.
Uboya besilwane bunemibala, njengomthetho, ngombala omnyama. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukahluka amadevu nentshebe: anama-tamarin amhlophe, njengokungathi grey. Yilokhu okuheha iso labanye kule monkey enhle evela emndenini wakwaMarmet. By indlela, kwaba lawa amadevu kakhulu anikeza igama ku-tamarin - yombusi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuthi sebethole lolu hlobo lwamasimu, ososayensi bakhumbula masinyane amadevu wenkosi yaseJalimane uWilliam wesibili. Yile ndlela inkawu eyi-marmoset eyaziwa ngayo ngokuthi i-tamarin yombusi.
Izikhundla zomndeni
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu, matriarchy ubusa emndenini tamarins basebukhosini. Isalukazi sivele sibe yinhloko yohlobo. Isigaba esilandelayo senhlalo sigcinelwe abesifazane abancane. Futhi abesilisa basezingeni eliphansi labaphathi. Umsebenzi wabo oqondile ngukudlulisela amawundlu ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye futhi uthole umndeni wonke ukudla.
Umndeni uvame ukuba nezilwane eziyi-10-15. Uhola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke futhi uvame ukuhamba nomqhele wezihlahla. Umndeni uvikela insimu yawo kubantu ongabazi. Noma iyiphi i-tamarin yangaphandle yamakhosi izoxoshwa ngokudingekile endaweni lapho ingabakhona. By indlela, insimu imvamisa ibanzi. Umndeni ngamunye unamahektha angama-50 ihlathi lawo.
Lapho kuhlala khona umbarin wamakhosi
Lesi silwane esinezilwane zasendulo sihlala emahlathini ashisayo akhula engxenyeni yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika. AmaTamarins atholakala eBrazil, Peru naseBolivia.
Ukuheha okukhulu kwe-tamarin amadevu ayo.
Imenyu yansuku zonke
Kungamangaza ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezincane zidla ezinye izilwane. Isisekelo sokudla kwama-tamarin ama imperial izinambuzane nezithelo ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuqina nokuqina, kanye nomsila omude futhi oqinile, izilwane ezincane zibambelela kalula kumagatsha athambile eziqongweni zesihlahla, zifinyelela amahlumela amasha nemiqumbe. Imvamisa kudliwa izimbali, kanti amaqanda ezinyoni angadliwa njengezibiliboco.
Imperi tamarin yokuphila kanye nokudla
Lezi zinkawu ziyizilwane zasendle. Ukuze uthole indlela yokuphila enjalo, imvelo ibanikeza konke abakudingayo: umsila omude, uzipho namawindi agobekayo.
AmaTamarins azama ukugwema izikhala ezivulekile. Lezi zimpelesi zihlala ngamaqembu amancane lapho kungadluli kubantu abangu-10. Umhlambi owakhiwe uqapha ngokucophelela insimu yawo. Uma kungazelelwe amanye ama-tamarines azulazula lapha, adingiswa ngokushesha.
Ososayensi babheka ukuchecwa kweenwele okuvamile njengendlela yokuziphatha kwama-tamarin ase impriya. Kusikwa amadevu kuphela. AmaTamarins ahlinzeka le “nsizakalo” komunye nomunye, kuyilapho exoxa futhi.
Ama-tamarin ama-Imperial ahlala ngamaqembu amancane.
Ukudla kwama-tamarin ama imperial kubandakanya ikakhulukazi ukudla kwezitshalo. Badla yonke inhlobo yezithelo zezithelo nezihlahla ze-berry nezihlahla. Bayakuthanda ukudla ngamaqabunga amnyama namanzi amahlumela, kanye nezimbali.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukudla kwezilwane kufakwa ekudleni kwabo, ngokwesibonelo: amasele nezikhonkwane. Uma i-tamarin ithola iqanda lenyoni esihlahleni, khona-ke iyodla ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Ukuhlwanyelwa nokuzalela
Emindenini, amabhangqa azinza awakhiwa. Ama-tamarines we-Imperial ayizilwane ezinesithembu. Abesifazane abashadile nabo, ngokuya ngesikhundla sobukhosi. Intsha ayikashadi ngaphambi kwezintombi ezindala.
Ama-tamarin okukhulelwa alangazelela ngokungazelelwe izingane ezinjalo. Ithemu elijwayelekile yizinsuku ezingama-45. Umama unezingane ezi-1 noma ezi-2. I-Triplet iyivelakancane. Izinsuku zokuqala amazinyane awasizi ngalutho. Isisindo sazo asidluli kumagremu angama-35, kepha ngasikhathi sinye esivele sinamadevu nentshebe! Izinsikazi zondla izingane njalo ngamahora ama-2, kuthi phakathi, zigibele kubaba bazo emuva. Ngasikhathi sinye, noma yiliphi iwundlu lomhlambi lingathembela ekunakekelweni nasekunakekelweni kwanoma yimuphi owesilisa.
Izinsana zifinyelela inkululeko ethile ezinyangeni ezi-3, kuthi ngonyaka owodwa nengxenye zingene esikhathini sokuthomba. Okwamanje, i-tamarin yasebukhosini kufanele yenze ukukhetha okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakhe: ukuhlala emndenini wabazali noma ukwakha iqembu lomndeni wakhe.
Ukusakazeka kwama-tamarins
I-tamarina yensikazi ekhulelwe izala izinyanga ezingaba ngu-1.5. Akumangazi ukuthi ngemuva kokukhulelwa okufushane okunjalo, izingane zizalwa zingenakusizwa ngokuphelele futhi zinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-35 kuphela.
Kepha amawundlu asezalwa lapho ene-Tamarino nentshebe odumile. I-matriarchy esetshenzisiwe yalezi zimpesheni idlulisela konke ukunakekela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziye emahlombe engxenye yesilisa yephakethe.
Ama-tamarin amancane asivele enyangeni yesithathu yobudala azimele noma angaphansi kokuzimela: angakwazi ukuhamba futhi azidle. Kamuva, lapho ifika eminyakeni eyi-1.5, izinsikazi zisahlala emndenini wazo, bese izinsikazi ziyishiya, “zijoyine” eminye imihlambi.
I-Imperial tamarin ene-cub.
Ama-tamarin ama-Imperial ahlala emvelweni iminyaka engaba ngu-10 kuye kweli-15.
Ithonya lomuntu
Namuhla, iphupho labathandi abaningi bezilwane ezixakile li-tamarin. Isithombe salesi silwane sinqoba inhliziyo, futhi ubukhulu baso abancane benza isilwane silungele ukugcinwa ekhaya. Izingane zijwayela abanikazi futhi zithanda uthando, kepha eziningi zazo ziyahlupheka noma zize zife ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ngoba zihanjiswa ngokungemthetho, ngaphandle kokudala izimo ezidingekayo. Lesi simo asikwazanga kodwa ukuthinta isibalo samadoda amancono emvelo emvelo. Kodwa-ke, okuyingozi kakhulu ngezinkawu ezincane kungathathwa njengokungeyona intshisekelo ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya, kodwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kwamahlathi ashisayo.
Kuze kube manje, lolu hlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo aluthathwa njengoluncane noma olusengozini, kepha luhlukaniswa njengesilwane esisengozini, njengoba inzalo kuzo ikhula, nendawo yemvelo "yamakhosi" isincipha ngokushesha.
Inombolo
Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kwalezi zilimi ezihlekisayo kudonsela ukunaka kwabazingeli abamba ama-tamarines ngamaqoqo angasese futhi athengiswe kuma-zoo nase-nurseries.
Njengamanje, lezi zinkawu zinikezwe isikhundla sezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-tamarin
UTamarin - umhlali wamahlathi emvula avela eqenjini labokuqala. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ezinemilenze emine, ezibizwa ngokuthi yizinkawu, zingokwasendlebeni ephakeme, futhi esimeni sazo nasekwakheni komzimba kubhekwa ososayensi njengezidalwa ezisondele kakhulu kubantu.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalezi zilwane ngokwemvelo. Enye yazo yizinkawu ezinamehlo abanzi zomndeni wama-marmosets, abizwa ngokuthi ama-tamarines. Ubude bomzimba walezi zilwanyana ezincane zingamasentimitha ayi-18-31 kuphela. Kepha yize zincane, zinomsila ohehayo kodwa omfishane ofinyelela kusayizi wama-21 kuye kwangama-44 cm, uma uqhathaniswa nobude bomzimba wazo.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi zama-tamarin, futhi ngayinye yazo ihlukaniswa yizimpawu zangaphandle ezizimele. Okokuqala, lokhu kubhekiswa ekufakweni kombala woboya obukhulu nobuthambile, okungavela kube nsundu, nsundu noma mhlophe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane akuvamile ukuba zibe monochromatic, zipendwe ngaphambili nangemuva ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona abanye izici ze-tamarinsongahlukaniswa ngalo olunye uhlobo lwezinkawu ezinjengolunye.
Ukwenza isibonelo, ubuso balezi zilwane bungaba nezinwele ngokuphelele noma obukhulu bukhulu bume ngezinwele ezimboze umqhele, amathempeli, izihlathi nobuso bonke. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinentshebe namadevu, ezinamahlumela anemibalabala emlonyeni.
Esithombeni, i-tamarin yombusi ne-cub yakhe
Inzuzo enkulu kanye nophawu lwama-tamarins ase impire ubuhle bawo obumhlophe obude, obuqabile, amadevu. Lezi yizilwane ezincane ezinesisindo esingu-300 g kuphela. Ama-tamarines we-Imperial uhlala eBolivia, Peru naseBrazil.
Ama-tamarines ajwayelekile ahlukile ngemibala emnyama, futhi lo mbala awunawo uboya kuphela, kodwa nobuso. Bahlala eSouth America naseMelika Ephakathi, besakazeka emahlathini emvula ukusuka ePanama kuye eBrazil. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinkawu ezinjengalezi zaqanjwa ngenxa yobukhona be-crest ende ende ekhanda. Izilwane ezinjalo zitholakala eColombia nasogwini lweCaribbean.
Esithombeni, i-tamarin yombusi
Abanye balaba bameleli bohlobo lwe-ape bathathwa njengabavamile futhi bavikelwe ngumthetho ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo yezifunda eziningi. Enye yezinhlobo ezisengozini yokubulawa I-Oedipus tamarin.
Igama laso lesayensi: "i-oedipus" (enemilenze eminyene), lezi zilwane ezihlala eNingizimu Melika ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ntshonalanga, kanye nengxenye eColombia, zathola lo mkhuba obomvu, omhlophe noma ophuzi, oboya obumboze imilenze yabo. Kulokho imilenze yabo ibukeka iminyene. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona isithombe i-oedipus tamarins, izinkawu ezinjalo zibukeka zikanokusho, futhi isithombe sazo sangaphandle sivele sangempela.
Esithombeni se-Oedipus, i-tamarin
Emakhanda abo kukhona uhlobo lukamoya ngohlobo lwezinwele ezinde ezimhlophe, ezikhula kusuka esihlakaleni sentamo futhi zifinyelela cishe emahlombe. Ngemuva kwezilwane kunsundu, kanti umsila ungowolintshi, ngasekupheleni - kumnyama. I-Oedipus tamarines Sekungamakhulu eminyaka baba yinto yokuzingela esebenzayo.
AmaNdiya azibulale ngenxa yenyama emnandi. Njengamanje, lezi zinhlobo ziyancipha ngenxa yokubhujiswa okulimazayo kwamahlathi ezihlala kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkawu ezinjalo ziyabanjwa futhi zithengiswe ngamanani amakhulu ngabathengisi bezilwane.
Buka futhi ndoda
I-Oedipus tamarin esikhathini esidlule kwakuyinto evamile yokuzingela. AmaNdiya ayifaka inyama. Maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX, izinkawu ezimfushane zazihlonishwa ukugcina ezindlini zobukhosi zaseParis, lapho zathola khona elinye igama - i-pinchet. Ngokwenye inguqulo, igama elithi "pinche" igama elihlanekezelwe lesizwe samaNdiya aseMelika aseMelika uChibb (Chibcha), owadala enye yezimpucuko zaseNingizimu Melika ezithuthuke kakhulu ngekhulu le-XII-XVI, emi ngezindlela namasiko amaMayans, ama-Aztec nama-Inca. Igama lesayensi lezinhlobo lwe- “oedipus” lisho ukuthi “linemilenze eminyene”, ngoba i-Oedipus tamarin inezitho ezinyayo impela ezibonakala ziminyene. Igama lesiJalimane le-oedipal tamarine "Lisztaffe" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "inkawu yaseLiszt" - linikezwe ukuhlonipha umqambi womculo waseHungary uFerenc Liszt, nekhanda lakhe elihlotshiswe ngenqwaba yezinwele ezinde ezimhlophe lapho esemdala.
Njengamanje, iningi lamahlathi lapho kwakuhlala khona le nhlobo yama-tamarin, futhi lapho isatholakala khona, kuye kwabhujiswa, izinkawu zibanjelwe ukuhweba.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-tamarin
AmaTamarins akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene acebile ezitshalweni nasezivinini ezishisayo, akuthandayo ukugibela futhi kubande. Izilwane zivuka ekuphumeni kwelanga, imvamisa zikhombisa imisebenzi ngesikhathi sasemini.
Esithombeni, i-oedipus tamarin cub
Kodwa futhi bayolala kusenesikhathi, bahlalise ubusuku phakathi kwamagatsha nemivini. Umsila omude yimininingwane ebalulekile yamatamara, ngoba isiza isilwane ukubambelela emagatsheni, ngaleyo ndlela sisuka kwelinye laso siye kwesinye. Ngokuvamile, izinkawu zithanda ukubambelela emndenini omncane wemindeni, onamalungu asukela kubantu abane kuya kwabangu-20.
Izindlela zokuxhumana kwazo yilezi: ukubukeka kobuso, ukumisa, ukukhulisa izinwele nemisindo ephakeme yohlamvu. Futhi ngale ndlela, ukuveza imizwa yabo, imicabango kanye nemizwa yabo, izilwane zenza ukuxhumana nabantu. Imisindo ezenziwa yilezi zinkawu kwezinye izikhathi iyafana nokudlikiza kwezinyoni.
Esithombeni, ibhubesi legolide legolide
Bayakwazi nokukhiqiza futhi ukukhala okuhlala isikhathi eside. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ehlane ungezwa ukukhala okubhoboza kwalezi zilwane. Kukhona isikhundla phakathi komndeni weTamarine. Ohamba phambili kuleli qembu uvame ukuba ngowesifazane osemdala kunabo bonke. Futhi ukwabiwa kwabesilisa kuhlala kukhiqizwa kokudla.
Izilwane zimaka izindawo zokuhlala ngokuququda amagxolo ezihlahla, futhi zivikele insimu ehlaselwe ekuhlaselweni kwezihambi nezivakashi ezingafuneki. Amalungu eqembu lama-tamarin ayanakekelana, achitha isikhathi esanele inqubo emnandi yokuhlanza uboya bezihlobo zawo. Futhi, nazo zenza okufanayo ngezihlobo zazo.
Esithombeni, itamarin ebomvu ehlomile
Emaphepheni ama-zoos, avame ukuqukethe amaningi izinhlobo zamamara, izingqimba ezikhethekile zivame ukwakhelwa zona, lapho kuhlala kuhlala khona indawo enamakhemikhali asezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye nemivini namachibi, ngoba lezi zilwane zingane zezindawo zemvula ezishisayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
INyakatho Ntshonalanga Melika yindawo encane enyakatho nentshonalanga yeColombia.
Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo zinamahlathi wesibili omile futhi omanzi anezithelo zomvini, eziphakeme ngamamitha afinyelela ku-1,500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okungcono amahlathi anomhlaba ongaphansi.
Tamarina umsoco
Monkey tamarin Idla ekudleni kwezitshalo: izithelo, izimbali ngisho nompe wazo. Kepha akazideleli izibiliboco zemvelaphi yezilwane.Lezi zidalwa ezincane zidla ngenkuthalo amaphuphu namaqanda ezinyoni, kanye nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nama-amphibians amancane: izicabucabu, izibankwa, izinyoka namaxoxo. Izinkawu ezinjalo ziyamangaza futhi azikhukhumezi.
Kepha ekubeni sebethunjiwe, bayakwazi ngokuphelele ukulahlekelwa wukudla kwabo ngenxa yesimo sengqondo esisolisayo sokudla okungajwayelekile. Ezindaweni zasekhaya nasezindlini zokugcina izingane, ama-tamarin ajwayele ukunikezwa izithelo ezahlukahlukene, amane azinqule, kanye nezinambuzane ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, izintethe, isikhonyane, amaqhude, amakhethini, ethulwa ngokukhethekile endaweni yezindiza ukuze abanjwe futhi adliwe yizinkawu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla kwe-tamarines kufaka inyama ebilisiwe ebilisiwe, inkukhu, intuthwane namaqanda ajwayelekile, kanye noshizi we-cottage shizi ne-resin yezihlahla zezithelo ezishisayo.
Ukusakazeka nobude be-tamarin
Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, ama-tamarin agcina isiko elithile ngaphambi kokuzalela, elivezwa ngohlobo oluthile lokuthandana kwabanenekazi “lamanenekazi” abo. Imidlalo yokumatanisa yalezi zinkawu iqala ngoJanuwari-uFebhuwari. Umama okhulelwe we-tamarin uhlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-140. Futhi ngo-Ephreli-Juni, amawundlu avela ezilwaneni.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-tamarin omama avundile, njengomthetho, azala amawele, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha esevele akwazi ukuzala amanye amabili. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha futhi lapho sezinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala sezivele zizimele ngokuzimela futhi zizama ukuzondla.
Esithombeni, i-tamarin yegolide ene-cub
Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni cishe iminyaka emibili. Njengoba sezikhulile, izingane ngokuvamile aziwushiyi umndeni bese ziqhubeka nokuhlala nezihlobo. Onke amalungu eqembu anakekela inzalo ekhulayo, anakekela futhi avikele izingane futhi azilethele izihlwathi zasemini.
Kwama-zoo, ama-tamarin ahlala kahle ngababili, azalwe ekudingisweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi angabazali abamnene nabanakekelayo. Izingane ezincane zikulungele ngokomzimba ukuba nezinzalo zazo eneminyaka eyi-15 izinyanga. Ezilwaneni zasekhaya, lezi zidalwa ziphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele, imvamisa cishe iminyaka eyi-15, kepha ezimweni zemvelo zivame ukufa kakhulu ngaphambili. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-tamarin aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-12.
Umlando Wempilo eZoo
Ungabona ama-tamedin e-oedipal ku-Monkey pavilion, endaweni entsha ye-zoo. Ukuthambisa umoya, ngoba lezi zinkawu zihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, zinesichibi endaweni yezindiza.
E-zoo, lezi zinkawu zidla izithelo ezinhlobonhlobo, okusanhlamvu kwezingane, inkukhu, amaqanda, ushizi wekhishi, izinambuzane eziphilayo, i-gum (i-resin yezihlahla zezithelo ezishisayo). Izinambuzane (amakhethini, amaqhude, isikhonyane) zivunyelwe endaweni ebiyelwe, futhi ama-tamarines abamba futhi awadle, lokhu kufana nokuthola ukudla ngokwemvelo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
AmaTamarin ayizilwane ezilandelanayo, ezabamele abamele isigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kozimele, umndeni we-marmoset, i-genus tamarin.
Okhokho bakudala kunazo zonke izinkawu izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengezilokotho - isihlanzo. Ngokusho kokutholwe, izidumbu zabo zivela kuPleocene. Zatholakala eMelika yanamuhla. Lezi izidalwa zasendulo ezadala ezinye, izidalwa ezivumelanisa nezimo futhi ezikhule kakhulu - ama-plesi-imibhalo nama-tupayas.
Ividiyo: Tamarin
Okwakukhona ngesikhathi sePaleocene ne-Eocene eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ukubukeka kwawo kufana negundane noma amagundane. Babenezimboza eziphakeme, umzimba omncane, nomsila omude. Lezi zilwane zazihlala ezihlahleni futhi zidla izinambuzane nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila.
UTupai wayehlala endaweni ye-Asia yanamuhla ngesikhathi se-Eocene ne-Upper Paleocene. Babenokwakheka kwamazinyo nemilenze, okusondele kakhulu ku-anatomy ye-primates yesimanje. Kamuva, lapho kwenzeka inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izilwane zasatshalaliswa phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukile. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, bakha izici ezithile zendlela yokuphila nezimpawu zangaphandle. Ngokusho kwalezi zici, ama-primates ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Ihlala kuphi i-tamarin?
Isithombe: I-Imperi Tamarin
Njengesifunda lapho kuhlala khona izinkawu, kukhethwa amahlathi ashisayo anezitshalo eziminyene. Imfuneko yinani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezithelo zezihlahla nezihlahla. Iningi labamele lolu hlobo luhlala emahlathini oMhlaba oMusha. Bangabomdabu baseNingizimu Melika.
Izindawo zokuhlala zama-tamarins:
Isikhathi esiningi izilwane zichitha emathangeni aminyene. Ubukhulu obuncane nama-paws ayishumi anomsila omude avumela izilwane ukuba zikhuphukele phezulu futhi zijabulele izithelo ezivuthiwe ngaphezulu kwezihlahla ezinde kakhulu. Izinkawu zithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele nesomile. Abazibekezeleli izinguquko ezisheshayo ezimweni zezulu, kubanda, kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
Izinkawu empeleni azichithi isikhathi ebusweni bomhlaba. Iziqongqo nemithi eminyene yezihlahla ayisizi nje kuphela ukuthola inani elanele lokudla, kodwa futhi nokubalekela izisulu eziningi.
Ngabe kudlani iTamarin?
Isithombe: Oedipus Tamarin
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla iqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, izinkawu ngeke zenqabe ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane, ngokwesibonelo, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Isisekelo sokuphakelwa kwama-tamarins:
- izithelo
- izimbali
- umpe wezimbali
- amaqanda ezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni,
- ezinye izirhubuluzi ezincane,
- ama-amphibians - izibankwa, amasele,
- izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene: isikhonyane, izintethe, amakhethini, amaqhude, izicabucabu.
Izinkawu kubhekwa cishe omnivorous. Ezimweni zokwenziwa, zingondliwa ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene: izithelo ezivuthiwe, imifino, izinambuzane, izibungu, inkukhu kanye namaqanda izigwaca. Futhi, inani elincane lenyama ebilisiwe lenyama noshizi we-cottage shizi kufakwa ekudleni.
AmaTamarins empeleni awaphuzi amanzi. Benza isidingo somzimba soketshezi ngezithelo ezivuthiwe zemithi nezihlahla ezahlukahlukene. Ingxenye yokudla okuphoqelekile ekudleni yizimila eziluhlaza, amahlumela namaqabunga ezitshalo ezincane, izihlahlana
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: ILion Tamarin
Izilwane zithanda ukugibela izihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahlana. Ekuphakameni okuhlukahlukene bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi. Izinkawu ezincane ziyizilwane zasemini. Zivuka ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga futhi zisebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhanya kwemini. Lapho nje ilanga seliqala ukushona, bayolala, bakhethe indawo efinyeleleka kalula emagatsheni ezihlahla noma ezintanjeni. Umsila omude usiza ukusuka egatsheni uye kwelinye igatsha, ulenga emvinini ovela eTamara. Ubuye asebenze njenge-balancer ngesikhathi sokugxuma.
AmaTamarins awavamisile ukuhola impilo eyedwa. Bahlala ngamaqembu. Ubukhulu bomndeni owodwa noma iqembu lisuka kubantu abahlanu kuye kwabangamashumi amabili. Izinkawu ziyizilwane ezihlekisayo kakhulu, ezidlalayo nezishukumisayo. Baxhumana ngenkuthalo omunye nomunye ngosizo lwezimpawu zobuso, ukubukeka okuhlukahlukene, kanye nokuvela koboya. Ama-primates nawo athambekele ukusho imisindo ehlukahlukene. Zingaphephana njengezinyoni, noma impempe, kwesinye isikhathi ikhalise noma ikhwaze. Uma bezwa ukusondela kwengozi enkulu, bakhipha ukukhala okukhulu kakhulu.
Umndeni ngamunye unomholi - ngowesifazane osemdala kakhulu futhi onolwazi kakhulu. Umsebenzi owenziwa abesilisa ukuzondla bona namalungu emindeni yabo. Umndeni ngamunye uhlala endaweni ethile, ewuphakamisa ngokuqinile lapho kuvela abantu abangabazi. Abantu bendlu ngayinye bathola indawo yabo ngokugoba amagxolo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Ngisho nama-tamarin amancane anomona kakhulu ngokuvikelwa kwensimu yawo. Imvamisa balwa nempi yensimu yabo, besebenzisa izilenge ezibukhali namazinyo. AmaTamarins achitha isikhathi esiningi ehlanza izihlobo zawo ngoboya. I-pastime enjalo ikuvumela ukuthi ulahle izinambuzane futhi unikeze ukuphumula kokuzivocavoca.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Tamarina Cub
Abamele le nhlobo bafika eminyakeni yokuthomba beneminyaka engu-1 nohhafu. Kusukela kulo mzuzu bakha ngababili, ngokuzala nokuzalela. Isikhathi sokukhwelana ezinkomeni senzeka maphakathi noma ekugcineni kobusika. Abesilisa banakekela enye ingxenye bese beqala ukukhombisa ukunakwa ngazo zonke izindlela, belindele ukubuyiselwa. Abantu besifazane abahlali bephuthuma ukuphindisela. Bayakwazi ukubona imizamo yabesilisa isikhathi eside, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana baphendule. Uma umbhangqwana usuqaliwe, ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka, kuthi emva kwalokho kukhulelwe.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-130-140. Cubs zizalwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ama-tamarin angabesifazane athela kakhulu. Imvamisa zizala amawundlu amabili. Lapho sebefinyelele iminyaka yabo yezinyanga eziyisithupha, baphinde bakulungele ukuzala futhi bangazala amanye amawele.
Izithombo zikhula futhi zikhule ngokushesha. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zeminyaka, izingane sezivele zihamba ngobuhlakani ngezihlahla nangezivini futhi ngokuzimela zithola ukudla kwazo. Emndenini ngamunye, kuyisiko ukunakekela ngokubambisana nokukhulisa isizukulwane esisesincane. Abantu abadala banikeza izingane izingcezu zezithelo ezimnandi kakhulu futhi ezinoshukela. Lapho izingane zivela emndenini, wonke amalungu alo athatha ukunakekelwa ngokweqile futhi aqaphe ukuphepha kwazo.
Ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele eminyakeni emibili, isizukulwane esisha sisondele kubazali baso. Ngemuva kwalokho, bakulungele impela ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela. Kodwa-ke, abafisi ukushiya imindeni yabo. Bahlala eqenjini futhi benza izinto ezijwayelekile, basiza ukukhulisa inzalo ekhulayo.
Ezindaweni zasekhaya nasezalwaneni, izinkawu ezincane zihlangana kahle nemibhangqwana eshadile. Lapho kudalwa izimo ezinhle nokudla okwanele, zizala amathole kabili ngonyaka.
Izitha zemvelo zamamara
Isithombe: I-tamarin enamakhanda ansundu
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ezintabeni zamahlathi ashisayo, izinkawu ezincane zinezitha eziningi. Abazingeli abayingozi nabaningi babalindele cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Izinkawu zigcina ijubane lokuphendula nekhono lokukhuphukela phezulu.
Izitha zemvelo zama-tamarins:
Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezihlaselayo ezahlukahlukene, izinambuzane ezinobuthi ezahlukahlukene, izicabucabu, amasele nezikhonkwane kubeka ingozi enkulu ezinkomeni ezincane. Abaziphangi kuma-tamarines, kepha abokugcina banomlingiswa othakazelisa kakhulu. Ifuna ukusekelwa yisidalwa esingaziwa, noma ukwanelisa indlala ngabamele abayingozi bezimbali nezilwane zasendaweni, basengozini yokufa. Ingozi ekhethekile isongela abantu abasha abathi, ngenxa yesimo sabo esingenakufinyeleleka namandla ngokweqile, balwele ukubamba konke okunyakazayo. Imvamisa bathola umthamo obulala ubuthi, obangela ukufa kwezilwane.
Amalungu omndeni asibhekisisa kakhulu leso simo. Kunoma iyiphi ingozi, bakhipha ukukhala okushaya kwenhliziyo, okuhlaba umkhosi okuxwayisa wonke amalungu omndeni ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokusindiswa. Ukuvela okungavamile, okungajwayelekile kwezinkawu kuheha inani elikhulu labazingeli. Balandelela izilwane, bazibambe ngenhloso yokuthengisela abantu ezimakethe zabamnyama noma zithengiswe kuma-zoo nasezindlini zokugcina izingane. Ngaphezu kokuzingela, imisebenzi yabantu ineqhaza ekunciphiseni inani lezilwane. Abantu bachitha indawo yemvelo yezilwane.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ngokusho kososayensi, ingozi enkulu kubantu bezilwane ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Isimo sama-tamarins sincike kuma-subspecies. Izinhlobo eziningi azisongelwanga ukuqothulwa.
Kokunye okubhalwe ngaphansi kwe-tamarins kukhona okubhaliwe okusongelwa ngokuqothulwa:
- I-tamarin enamakhanda egolide - inesimo se "esondele ekuqothulweni",
- I-tamarin enamilenze emhlophe - inesimo se "zinhlobo ezisengozini",
- I-Oedipus tamarin - lokhu okubhaliwe kunikezwe isimo "sokuqothuka."
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izilwane zivame ukuba namehlo ajikelezayo, amnyama, ajulile. Izindlebe zincanyana, ziyindilinga, zingambozwa ngokuphelele ngoboya. Izilwane zinezitho eziqinile kakhulu ezinemisipha ekhule kahle. Ngaphambili nasemilenzeni imilenze mide, iminwe mncane enemikhono emide, ebukhali.
AmaTamarines ayizinhlobo zenkawu ezidinga ukuvikelwa. Ukubhaliswa okuningi kusengozini. Ensimini yezinkawu, ezingeni lomthetho, ukuzingela nokubanjiswa kwezilwane akuvunyelwe. Ukwephulwa kwalesi sidingo kufaka isikweletu sobugebengu nezokuphatha. Iziphathimandla zihlela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlaselwa okwenzeka endaweni yezimakethe zasendaweni.
Tamarines
Photo: Tamarin kusuka Encwadini Red
Lapho kwenziwa lokho kuhlasela, izilwane ezithengiswa ngabazingeli zivame ukukhululwa. Izilwane zidedelwa ezindaweni zazo zemvelo, futhi abephula umthetho bayajeziswa ngokujeziswa okufanele. Ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo izinkawu ezincane kwenqatshelwe ukugawula ihlathi. Kodwa-ke, lo mthetho awusebenzi ndawo zonke. Kwezinye izindawo, ukumbiwa phansi kwamaminerali kanye namaminerali wemvelo abalulekile kuyaqhubeka, ngakho-ke akusizi ngalutho ukuyeka ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi angaphansi komhlaba.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma igcinwa endaweni yezilwane, izilwane ziyacindezelwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izilwane zingakudla ukudla okungabekezeleleki.
Ama-tamarin amaningi agcinwa enkulisa nasemapaki ezwe. Lapho, abasebenzi kanye nochwepheshe bazama ukudala izimo ezihle kakhulu kubo, lapho iminyaka yabo yokuphila izonyuka, futhi umkhiqizo ngeke wehliswe uma uqhathaniswa nezimo zemvelo.
Tamarin - lena inkawu encane emangalisayo. Ngeshwa, iningi lokubhaliselwe kusondele ekuqothulweni, noma kuqashelwe njengohlobo olusemngceleni. Namuhla, abantu kufanele benze imizamo eminingi yokulondoloza nokwandisa inani labantu ukuze inzalo yethu ibe nethuba lokubona izilwane hhayi ezithombeni kuphela.
Incazelo yeTamarins
AmaTamarine ayizinkawu ezincane ezihlala emahlathini emvula oMhlaba oMusha.. Zingamalungu omndeni wama-marmosets, omeleli bawo, njengama-lemurs, athathwa njengabokuqala kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi zama-tamarin ayaziwa, ahluka kakhulu ngokuhlukahluka ngombala woboya, yize osayizi balezi zinkawu nawo angahluka.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
AmaTamarins ahlala emahlathini ashisayo asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho kunezitshalo nezithelo zomvini eziningi ezithwele izithelo, lapho zikuthanda kakhulu ukukhwela. Lezi yizilwane zasemini zivuka ekuseni futhi zibonisa umsebenzi osesikhathini. Balala kusenesikhathi, bahlalise emagatsheni nasemvinini.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Umsila omude futhi oguquguqukayo ubaluleke kakhulu kuma-tamarines: phela, ngosizo lwawo asuka egatsheni aye kwelinye.
Lezi zinkawu zigcinwa ngamaqembu amancane emindeni - "imindeni", lapho kunezilwane ezine kuya kwezingamashumi amabili. Baxhumana nezihlobo zabo ngosizo lwe-poses, ukubukeka kobuso, ukuvela koboya, kanye nemisindo ephakeme eyenziwe wonke ama-tamarins. Le misindo ingahluka: kufana nokuqwayiza kwezinyoni, ukukhala noma ukukhala okukhulu. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ama-tamarines akhipha izwi elikhulu kakhulu, ahlaba umkhosi.
"Ekhweni" lama-tamarin kukhona ubukhosi - matriarchy, lapho umholi eqenjini angowesifazane omdala kunabo bonke onolwazi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesilisa babandakanyeka kakhulu ekutholeni ukudla kwabo kanye nezihlobo zabo. AmaTamarins avikela indawo yawo ekuhlaselweni ngabantu abangabazi, amaka izihlahla, aququde amagxolo kuwo. Njengezinye izinkawu, ama-tamarin achitha isikhathi esiningi ehlanza uboya omunye komunye. Ngakho-ke, balahla izimuncagazi zangaphandle, futhi ngasikhathi sinye bathola ukuzijabulisa okumnandi kokuphumula.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Onke ama-tamarin - abakhileyo emahlathini emvula oMhlaba Omusha. Indawo abahlala kuyo iseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, ukusuka eCosta Rica kuya e-Amazon lowland nasenyakatho yeBolivia.Kepha ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, lezi zinkawu azenzeki; zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphansi.
Ukudla kweTamarin
Ngokuvamile ama-tamarin adla ukudla kwezitshalo okunjengezithelo, kanye nezimbali ngisho nompe wazo. Kepha ngeke zenqabe ukudla kwezilwane: amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane amancane, kanye nezinambuzane, izicabucabu, izikhala, izinyoka namaxoxo.
Kubalulekile! Ngokusemqoka, ama-tamarines awathobeki futhi adla cishe yonke into. Kepha ekudingisweni, ngenxa yengcindezi, bangenqaba ukudla ukudla okungajwayelekile kubo.
Ezindlini zohlobo lwe-zoo, ama-tamarin ajwayelwa ukudla izithelo ezahlukahlukene ezithandwa yilezi zinkawu, kanye nezinambuzane ezincane eziphilayo: izintethe, amaphela, isikhonyane, amakhokho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yethulwe ngokukhethekile kuyi-aviary yezinkawu. Futhi, inyama ebilisiwe yezinhlobo ezinamafutha asezingeni eliphansi, inkukhu, amaqanda entuthwane nenkukhu, ushizi wekotishi ne-resin yezihlahla zezithelo ezishisayo kuyangezwa ekudleni kwabo.
Ukuzalela inzalo
AmaTamarins afinyelela ebuntwaneni ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-15. futhi kusukela kulonyaka kungazala. Imidlalo yokuhlanganisa baqala maphakathi noma ekugcineni kobusika - cishe ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari. Futhi, cishe cishe zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, abesilisa besifazane be-tamarin banakekela izinsikazi ngesiko elithile lokuzala. Ukukhulelwa ezinsikazi zalezi zinkawu kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-140, ukuze kuthi ngo-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaJuni inzalo yabo izalwe.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ama-tamarins abesifazane avundile, njengomthetho, azala amawele. Futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane zangaphambilini, ziyakwazi ukuzala futhi futhi zingaletha amawundlu amabili.
Ama-tamarines amancane akhula ngokushesha futhi ezinyangeni ezimbili akwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela futhi aze azame nokuzitholela ukudla. Hhayi umama wabo kuphela, kepha lonke "iqembu" linakekela amawundlu akhulayo: Izinkawu ezindala zizinikeza izingcezu ezimnandi kakhulu futhi ngazo zonke izindlela zivikela izingane ezingozini ezingakhona. Njengoba sesifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala emibili futhi ekugcineni sesivuthiwe, ama-tamarins amancane njengomthetho awashiyi umthwalo, hlala “emndenini” futhi abambe iqhaza empilweni yakhe. Ekuthunjweni, bahlangana kahle ngababili futhi bazale kahle, njengomthetho, abanazinkinga ngokukhulisa nokukhulisa amawundlu.
Okuxakile Okungakhathazekile
- I-Imperi tamarin
- UTamarin ohlome ebomvu
- I-tamarin emnyama emuva
- I-tamarin enamakhanda ansundu
- UTamarin onobomvu obomvu
- I-tamarin enamakhanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- UTamarin Geoffrey
- Tamarin Schwartz
Kodwa, ngeshwa, phakathi kwama-tamarin kunezinhlobo ezisongelwa futhi ezisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni.
Eduze kwabasengozini
- I-tamarin enamabala egolide. Usongo olukhulu ngukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinhlobo, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi ashisayo. Inani lama-tamarines anethambo legolide liselikhulu impela, kepha liyancipha cishe ngama-25% kuzo zonke izizukulwane ezintathu, okungukuthi, cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili.
Izinhlobo ezisengozini
- UTamarin onemilenze emhlophe. Amahlathi lapho kuhlala khona ama-tamarin anezinyawo ezimhlophe asheshe anyamalale futhi indawo abehlala kuyo isetshenziswa ngabantu ezimayini, kanjalo nezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo namadamu. Ubuningi balezi zinkawu buyahlehla ngenxa yokuthi iningi labo lingena ezimakethe zendawo, lapho lithengiswa khona njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-International Union for Conservation of Nature inikeze ama-tamarines anemilenze emhlophe isimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela.
Izinhlobo Ezisengozini
- I-Oedipus tamarin. Isibalo salezi zinkawu endaweni yazo yemvelo sifinyelela abantu abayizi-6,000 kuphela. Inhlobo le isongelwa ngokuqothuka futhi yafakwa ohlwini “lwama-primates asengozini enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni” futhi yabekwa kuwo kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2012. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuholele ekutheni indawo yokuhlala kwe-Oedipus tamarin yehle ngezindawo ezintathu, okwathinta ngokungenani isibalo semfuyo yalezi zinkawu. Akukaze kube yinto eyingozi enkulu kubantu ukuthengiswa kwama-oedipal tamarines njengezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi olachitha isikhathi esithile ezinkawu zalolu hlobo. Futhi uma eminyakeni yamuva, ucwaningo lwama-tamedin e-oedipal selumisiwe, ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni ezilwaneni kuyaqhubeka nokuthinta kabi abantu babo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zilwane zihlala endaweni elinganiselwe, zitholakala kalula emgomeni omubi wanoma yiluphi ushintsho endaweni yazo.
AmaTamarines angenye yezidalwa ezimangalisa kakhulu ezenziwe ngeNdalo. Lezi zinkawu, ezihlala emahlathini emvula omhlaba weNew World, zisengozini enkulu ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubanjwa okungalawulwa kwalezi zilwane kuthinte nenani lazo. Uma unganakekeli ukulondolozwa kwalezi zinkawu manje, zizocishe zife, ukuze isizukulwane esilandelayo sabantu sizokwazi ukubona ama-tamarines ezithombeni ezindala kuphela.