I-Velociraptor (I-Lat. Velociraptor, evela kwi-Lat. Velox - esheshayo ne-raptor - umzingeli) - uhlobo lwama-dinosaurs ayizidlakudla abebephuma emndenini wedromaeosaurid. Kuqukethe uhlobo olulodwa olwaziwayo - I-Velociraptor mongoliensis. Wayephila ngasekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Cretaceous eminyakeni engama-83-70 yezigidi edlule.
Izidumbu zakhe zitholakala eRiphabhlikhi yaseMongolia naseChinner Inner Mongolia. Babembalwa abanye abamele abomndeni wakhe - i-deinonychus ne-achillobator - futhi babenenqwaba yezici zokuthuthuka ezithuthukayo.
IVelociraptor yayiyidayinaso encane, efinyelela ku-1,8 m ubude, ubude be-60-70 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-20 kg. Wayene-sude ephothiwe futhi egobeke phezulu ibheke ku-25 cm ubude.Emihlathini ephezulu nangaphansi, amazinyo angama-26- 28-31 akhiwe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi agobile emuva abambe futhi abambe inyamazane.
| Isihloko | Isigaba | Isikwele | Ukuhlonza | Isizinda |
| I-Velociraptor | Izilwane ezihuquzelayo | Dinosaurs | I-Lizard-pelvic | Theropods |
| Umndeni | Ukuphakama / ubude | Isisindo | Lapho ahlala khona | Ngenkathi ephila |
| Ama-Dromaeosaurids | 60-70 cm / 1.8 m | kuze kufike ku-20 kg | IMongolia, i-Inner Mongolia (China) | Isikhathi sokukhathazeka (iminyaka engama-83-70 million edlule) |
Njengabaningi theropods, iVelociraptor yayineminwe emilenge ezinyangeni zayo ezingemuva, enye yayo yenziwa ngaphansi futhi engazange ihlanganyele ekuhambeni, futhi (njengama -ropods) yangena iminwe emithathu. IDromaeosaurids, kufaka phakathi iVelociraptor, isebenzise ezimbili kuphela: eyesithathu neyesine.
Kowesibili kwakukhona uzipho olukhulu, lwalugobile oluqinile lukhule lufika kuma-67 mm ubude (eceleni kwangaphandle). Phambilini bekubhekwa njengesikhali sabo esikhulu sokubulala nokugqekeza izisulu. Kodwa-ke, kwaqinisekiswa ngokuzayo ukuthi i-Velociraptor ayizisebenzisi lezi zibazi njengezindwangu (njengoba umphetho wazo wangaphakathi ujikelezwe, futhi iphuzu elibukhali alizange ligqobhoze esikhunjeni sesilwane, kodwa siligwaze kuphela), ngokunokwenzeka basebenza njengezingwegwe lapho umhlaseli azilandela wanamathela kwisisulu sakhe, wabe esemgwaza i-trachea yakhe noma i-artery yomlomo wesibeletho.
Amaphethelo eVelociraptor ayeneminwe emithathu. Eyokuqala yayiyifushane kakhulu, kanti eyesibili yinde.
Ukuguquguquka komsila we-Velociraptor kuncishiswe ukuphuma kwethambo le-vertebrae engxenyeni yabo engenhla nama-tendon ossified asezingeni eliphansi. Ukuphuma kwethambo kukhuphuke kusuka kuma-vertebrae ayi-4-10, okunikeze ukuqina ngokushintshana, ikakhulukazi uma kugijima ngejubane eliphezulu.
Izinsalela (ugebhezi kanye nokuvuvukala kwemilenze yezandla ezingemuva) kweVelociraptor kwaqala ukutholwa ngonyaka ka 1922 engxenyeni yaseMongolia eyiGobi Desert ngokuxoshwa kweMnyuziyamu wase-US Umlando Wezemvelo. Ngo-1924, umqondisi walesi sigcinimagugu, uHenry Osborne, wakhuluma ngalezi zinto ezitholakele esihlokweni esidumile sesayensi futhi waqamba isilwane esichaziwe u-Ovoraptor djadochtari, kamuva washintsha igama laso waba iVelociraptor mongoliensis.
Isu lokuzingela
Ngo-1971, kutholakala izinsalela zeVelociraptor neProtoceratops, ezashona ku-fray zangcwatshwa esihlabathini. Basivumele ukuba siphinde sakhe kabusha izici eziningi zecebo lokuzingela iVelociraptor. Izicucu zomlenze wakhe wesandla owatholakala entanyeni yamaprotokhethi kungenzeka achaze ukuthi iVelociraptor ihlasele imithambo yomlomo wesibeletho, imithambo kanye ne-trachea yesisulu ngosizo lwayo, hhayi isisu sesisu esinezitho ezibalulekile, njengoba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili.
Zonke izinsalela zeVelociraptor ezitholakele zingabantu ngabanye, futhi iqiniso lokuthi bazingela emapaketini aliqinisekisiwe. Izihlobo eziseduze zamaVelociraptors - uDeinonychus - cishe azingelwa emaphaketheni, njengoba ngezikhathi zokumbiwa kwamaqembu abantu bazo kuvame ukutholakala.
Amapayipi nokufudumala
Umqondo weVelociraptor ngaphambi nangemva kokuvulwa kwensumpa
Ama-Dromaeosaurids ayesondelene nezinyoni ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuyinto efana kakhulu nabamele abokuqala balo mndeni ngamapulangwe akhule kahle. Ama-dromaeosaurids okuqala, iMicroraptor neSinornithosaurus, ayenezici zezinyoni eziningi kunezazihlobo zawo amaVelociraptor, ayehlala amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka kamuva. Izinsalela ezitholakele zeVelociraptors zazingenazimpawu zeminwe zezicubu ezithambile, ezazingasivumeli ukuthi sinqume ukuthi zaziningi yini.
Ngo-2007, izazi zemvelo eziningana zabika ukutholakala komfanekiso we-Velociraptor (IGM 100/981) wamashubhu emathanjeni we-ulnar - amaphuzu okunamathiselwe ezimpaphe zesekondari, ejwayelekile ezinyoni zesimanje. Ngokusho kwe-paleontologists, lokhu okutholakele kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-velociraptors ayenamafutha.
Ubuhlobo be-plumage nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwama-velociraptors kuya ezinyoni kunezinguqulo ezimbili:
Ngokuvamile izici ze-avian (kufaka ne-plumage) ezibonwa kuma-dromaeosaurids zithathwe njengezivela kukhokho ojwayelekile - elinye lamaqembu ama-coelurosaurs (inguqulo evunyelwe ngokuphelele).
Ama-Dromaeosaurids, kufaka phakathi ama-velociraptors, ayizinyoni zakudala, ngokunokwenzeka ngokwesibili alahlekelwa yikhono lazo lokundiza (njengezintshe). Iningi lama-paleontologists lenqaba le nguqulo. Umsekeli wakhe odumile yisazi se-paleontologist saseMelika uGregory Paul.
I-plumage of Velociraptors isho igazi labo elinemfudumalo. Izilwane ezinegazi elibandayo azikwazi ukufakelwa amandla okushisa, zidinga ukuthola ukushisa okuvela emvelweni, kepha izinga lokukhula kwamathambo lincane kakhulu kunelezinyoni zesimanje nezilwane ezincelisayo, okubonisa ukuthi umzimba uhamba kancane.
Umbono ongaqondile
UVelociraptor wazitholela udumo olukhulu ngemuva kwefilimu ethi "Jurassic Park" (1993), eyahlunga isuselwa kunoveli wegama elifanayo noMichael Crichton (1990).
Kuyo yomibili imisebenzi, izici eziningi zesilwane zincike ekwakhiweni kabusha kwenye i-Dromaeosaurid, i-deinonychus, ngenxa yokuthi uMichael Crichton walandela uhlelo lukaGregory Paul, lapho kufakwa khona i-deinonychus kuhlobo lweVelociraptor ngaphansi kwegama elithi V. antirrhopus.
Kwinoveli, uCrichton wenza ukubhuka: "... UDeinonychus manje uthathwa njengomunye wamaVelociraptors" (akukho ukubhuka kufilimu). Ukwembiwa ekuqaleni kwale filimu kanye nendaba kwenziwa eMontana, lapho kwasakazwa khona i-deinonychus, hhayi iVelociraptor.
Izinhlobo zamakhompiyutha kwifilimu zikhulu ngokulingana neV. mongoliensis, futhi ziyafana ngosayizi we-deinonychus. Kule ncwadi, i-velociraptor ichazwa njengedlozi eliyingozi kakhulu, lizingela emaqenjini ahlangana kakhulu, njengesidina esihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ikakhulukazi esinegazi, kule filimu nguyena ovame ukuhlasela abantu.
AmaVelociraptors nawo akhonjiswa ngaphandle kwezimpaphe kule filimu.
I-Velociraptor
I-Velociraptor - "Isela Elisheshayo"
Isikhathi sokuba khona: Isikhathi sokukhathazeka - cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-83-70 edlule
Isigcawu: I-Lizard-pelvic
Isizinda: Theropods
Izici ze-theropod ezejwayelekile:
- uhambe ngemilenze yasemuva enamandla
- wadla inyama
- Umlomo ohlome ngamazinyo amaningi abukhali, agogekile angaphakathi
Ubukhulu:
ubude 1.8 m
ukuphakama 0,6 m
isisindo singama-20 kg.
Umsoco: UMayaso ezinye izibankwakazi
Kutholakele: 1922, iMongolia
IVelociraptor iyisidlakudla esincane sesikhathi seCretaceous. Uthole udumo olukhethekile kwifilimu ethi "Jurassic Park". Ama-Velociraptors lapho aqanjwa ukuthiwa ama-dinosaurs adla ngokuluhlaza, afaneleka nencazelo deinonychus. Noma kunjalo, leli qiniso “lihlunge kakhulu” i-velociraptor. IVelociraptor incane ngosayizi kunoDeinonychus, kepha ayinabungozi kangako, iyashesha futhi inegazi.
Ugebhezi lweVelociraptor
Ikhanda:
Ugebhezi lwe-Velociraptor lungamaphiko amancane futhi lincane, lingama-25 cm. Kwakunamazinyo acijile angama-50 agobile ngaphakathi emlonyeni futhi ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana. Izimbobo ezisekugebeni kwedayinaso zazenza ukukhanya kwegebhezi kube nzima, neVelocentric isheshe ibe namandla. Ubuchopho besivakashi, se-dinosaur, bukhulu. Ngokunokwenzeka, iVelociraptor, kungenzeka ukuthi ungomunye wabadayisi abahlakaniphe kakhulu.
Isakhiwo somzimba seVelociraptor:
I-Velociraptor yayinezinyawo ezingemuva ezilinganayo, ezazivumela idayinaso ukuba likhule ijubane elihle. Emlenzeni ngamunye wasemuva bekukhona uzipho olwalumbozwe ngukrwala, i-Velociraptor ilimaza ngalo amanxeba okufa kulowo olwenzile. Njengawo wonke ama -ropods, i-velociraptor yayinezinzwane ezine emilenzeni yayo yangemuva, eyodwa eyayakhiwe ngaphansi kwayo futhi engazange ihlanganyele ekuhambeni. Izandulelo zangemuva azakhiwe kahle. Kwakuneminwe emithathu ku-Velociraptor paw ngayinye. Owokuqala wayengomfushane kunabo bonke, owesibili waba mude kunabo bonke. Bona dinosaur babamba inyamazane yakhe. Umsila omude ulinganise ingaphambili lomzimba futhi usize ukuqondisa ngejubane eliphezulu.
Isikhumba seVelociraptor:
Namuhla, impikiswano enkulu ezungeze iVelociraptor yindlela ebukeka ngayo. Le dinosaur ibikade ikhonjiswa ngesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ezikhathini zakamuva bekulokhu kuyisimo sokuyiveza ngezimpaphe zakudala, ezi-fluffy, ezinemibala egqamile.
Ku-paleontology yesimanje, ukuqondisisa kinshiphu kwama-dromaeosaurids, okubandakanya i-velociraptor, nezinyoni, kuyamukelwa ngokuvamile.
Ngo-2007, izazi zemvelo eziningana zabika ukutholakala kwezimpawu zesibalo esibonelweni seVelociraptor kwithambo le-ulnar, okuhunyushwa njengezindawo zokuncipha zezimpaphe zesibili. Izinyoni zesimanje zinezimpawu ezinjalo. Ngokusho kwe-paleontologists, lokhu kutholwa kusivumela ukuthi siphethe ngokuthi i-velociraptor yayiningi.
Ukuba khona kwezimpaphe kuVelociraptor kanye ukusondela kwezinyoni kungaba nezincazelo ezimbili ezihlobene nokuziphendukela kwemvelo:
1. Ngokuvamile izici ze-avian (kufaka phakathi amaplamu) eziphawulwe kuma-dromaeosaurids zingavela efeni elivela kukhokho ojwayelekile. Ngokusho kwale hypothesis, ama-dromaeosaurids nezinyoni aqhamuka kwelinye lamaqembu ama-coelurosaurs. Le ncazelo yamukelwa ngokuvamile.
2. Ama-Dromaeosaurids, kufaka phakathi i-velociraptor, ayizinyoni zakudala ezilahlekelwe amandla okundiza. Ngakho-ke, i-velociraptor ayikwazi ukundiza, njengentshe. Le hypothesis ayithandwa phakathi kwe-paleontologists iningi.
HhawuI-Hot Velociraptor:
Ngaphambi kokuhlola izinsimbi zokuqala ze-Velociraptor, izibankwakazi zazibhekwa njengezingene kancane futhi kungezona izidalwa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-velociraptor yayingumgijimi ozelwe. Ukusuka emqamekweni, washesha washesha waya kulowo ohlukunyeziwe. Izilwane ezihlaselwa yiVelociraptor zazicishe zingabi nalo nethuba lokusindiswa. Lapho i-velociraptor ifinyelela isisulu, yagxumela emhlane wayo futhi izama ukugoba amazinyo ayo entanyeni, kubonakala sengathi kwakuthi lapho izungeza noma ilume imithambo yegazi. Emva kwalokho, walimaza amanxeba okubulala ngocelemba, waklebhula wavula inyama. Umsila omude wasiza ekugcineni ukulinganisela.
Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi ama-velociraptors, njengezihlobo zawo ama-deinonychus, azingelwa ngamaqembu. Kepha ngokungafani nabo, amathuna amaningi ama-velociraptors awakatholakali. Ngakho-ke, ukusho ukuthi amaVelociraptors azingelwa emaphaketheni awukenzeki.
Hunter kanye isisulu:
| Ama-Velociraptor nama-protoceratops angenye yezimo zakudala 'zomzingeli nezinyamazane' phakathi kwama-dinosaurs. Ngo-1971, izazi zemvelo ezisebenza eGobi Desert zaba nenhlanhla engakaze ibonwe. Bathole ithambo lamadayinaso amabili - i-velociraptor ne-protoceratops - isilo esidla inyama nezilwane, inyamazana yazo. |
