I-Swamp noma i-mongoose yamanzi - Atilax paludinosus - ukuphela kommeli wohlobo, otholakala e-Afrika kusuka eGuinea-Bissau kuya e-Ethiopia, kanye naseningizimu neNingizimu Afrika. Ubude bomzimba, kufaka nekhanda, buyi-460-620 mm, umsila ungama-320-530 mm, isisindo sesilwane esidala sisukela ku-2,5 kuye ku-4.1 kg. Ijazi lide, liminyene, lipendiwe ngombala onsundu. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwezinwele ezimnyama kunika umbono wombala omnyama. Kwabanye abantu, amabala akhanyayo ngendlela yezindandatho, imvamisa grey, abonwa ngombala. Ikhanda lilula kunasemuva, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ilula ngisho - isifuba, isisu kanye nama-paws. Phakathi kwempumulo nekhala elingaphezulu kukhona isiqeshana sesikhumba esingenalutho.

Uhlobo lwe-marsh mongooses I-Atilax ukuzivumelanisa nobukhona bemvelo basemanzini ngaphezu kwamanye ama-mongooses. Yakha uqine futhi ube mkhulu. Izinzwani zemilenze yasasemuva azinalo ulwelwesi. I-mongoose ibamba inyamazane yayo odakeni noma ekhishwe ngaphansi kwamatshe. Kuneminwe emihlanu kwiligi ngayinye, izinyawo zingenalutho, izipikili zimfushane futhi ziqinile. Abesifazane banezimbambo ezimbili zezingono. Mongoose I-Atilax kutholakala yonke indawo, lapho kunomthombo wamanzi nezitshalo eziminyene ngasogwini lolwandle. Izindawo ezithandekayo zezindunduma zamanzi zingamachibi, izimbangi zamanzi eceleni komfula, imibhede yasemfuleni yakudala. Iziqhingi zaseGrassy emifuleni ziyizindawo ezithandwa amaholide.

Njengabanye abafowethu, ama-mongooses I-Atilax cishe azikhuphuki izihlahla, kodwa ziyakwazi ukugibela isiqu somuthi othambekele uma kungenzeka kube yingozi. Lokhu ukubhukuda okumangalisayo nokuhlukahlukene. Imvamisa, lapho ibhukuda, i-mongoose ishiya ikhanda layo emuva emanzini, kodwa ikwazi ukucwila, ishiya kuphela ikhala lokuphefumula ebusweni. Ithola inyamazane emanzini futhi ngenkathi ihamba njalo ezindleleni ezihlala njalo ezibekwe eceleni komfula noma ixhaphozi. I-mongoose yamanzi iyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku, kepha iRowe-Rowe (1978) iyibeka njengezilwane zasemini, zithi izingela umjondolo emini.

I-marsh mongoose idla konke okungakubamba futhi ikubulale. Ukudla kususelwa ezinambuzaneni, ama-mollusks, imifantu, izinhlanzi, amasele, izinyoka, amaqanda, izinduku ezincane nezithelo (Kingdon 1977, Rosevear 1974). Ukuze ukhiphe iminenke noma imikhaza kusuka egobolondweni, I-Atilax abaphonse ematsheni. UMongo oyisithunjwa wazama ukwephula ithambo ngokuliphonsa phansi phansi kwekhokho.

UKingdon (1977) uthi imashi mongoose ihlala yodwa, ithatha indawo enkulu kakhulu. Izinkomo zizalwa ngemisele emfuleni noma osebeni. Ukuzalwa kwabo eNtshonalanga Afrika akubekelwe isikhathi esithile sonyaka (iRosevear 1974). Ngokuqondene neNingizimu Afrika, amawundlu ama-mongoose abanjwa lapho ngoJuni, Agasti no-Okthoba (Asdell 1964, Rowe-Rowe 1978). Owesifazane uzalwa ngezinsana ezingama-1-3, imvamisa engu-2-3, ngayinye inesisindo esingama-100 g, amehlo ayo evulekile ngezinsuku eziyi-9-14, adla ubisi izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-6.

I-mongoose eyodwa yamanzi yahlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engu-17 nezinyanga ezi-5. Ngokubhekwa kweRosevear (1974), inani lale mongoose kule minyaka engama-50 edlule lehlile ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile. Isizathu salokhu umsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-mongooses aqothulwa, kumcabanga njengesitha senkukhu.

Incazelo ye-marsh mongoose

Ama-Swamp mongooses athambile, akhiwe kahle. Ubude bomzimba busukela kumasentimitha angama-42 kuya kwangama-62, futhi ubude bomsila bungamasentimitha angama-32-53. Isisindo somzimba sehluke phakathi kuka-2,5 kuya ku-kg. Izinwele emzimbeni kanye nomsila zikhulu, zinde futhi zixinene.

Amanzi Mongoose (Atilax).

Amawashi abe noboya obufushane. Phakathi komlomo nekhala elingaphezulu kukhona isichibi sesikhumba esingenalutho. Ikhanda likhulu, izindlebe zicindezelwa ekhanda. Imilenze yangaphambili ibucayi kakhulu, ngosizo lwayo ama-mongoose athola inyamazane ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kuneminwe emi-5 epigini ngalinye, iphela ngemikhono emifushane engaphenduki. Isithupha sisebenza njengokwesekelwa okwengeziwe lapho i-mongoose ibanjwa indawo eshelelayo.

Amazinyo e-Anterior aqinile futhi awugqinsi; ama-fangs akhiwe kahle. Ama-mongoose angakuchoboza kalula ukudla okuqinile, njengamagobolondo e-crab namagobolondo e-mollusk, anama-molars. Abesifazane banezimbambo ezi-2 zezindlala ezincelisayo.

Umbala wejazi ungaba mnyama noma ube nsundu. AmaMongooses anamasongo akhanyayo ampunga atholakala. Umhlane umnyama ngaphezu kwekhanda. Isigaxa sinombala onsundu, futhi ikhala lihlala likhanya. Isisu, isifuba nama-paws akhanya kunasemuva.

Imininingwane yemvelo

Ama-mongooses wamanzi ayizinhlobo ezinkulu ze-mongoose. Ubude bawo bomzimba bufika ku-80-100 cm, isisindo ukusuka ku-2,5 kuye ku-4,2 kilos. Ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-40 kuwela emsileni we-fluffy. Ijazi lide, lilukhuni futhi alugqinsi, ngombala onsundu ngombala, kwesinye isikhathi libomvu noma licishe libe mnyama. Izindlebe zincanyana, ziyindilinga ngesimo, zicindezelwe ngokuqinile ekhanda lesilwane. Isishunqa esifushane eside nesishubile sokubhukuda phakathi kweminwe kuphawuleka kulolu hlobo. Ingqondo inkulu kakhulu. Okwakhelwe ikakhulukazi kulezi zilwane kungumqondo wokuthinta ozisizayo ekufuneni kwazo ukudla.

Indlela yokuphila

Ngaphandle kokuthi kwesinye isikhathi amanzi e-mongoose atholakala endaweni eqhelile evela emithonjeni yamanzi, njengomthetho ahlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi, amachibi, imifula nogu lolwandle. Iphila indlela yobusuku, futhi ikhuthele kusihlwa. Umzingeli, inyamazane yakhe ingama-crustaceans, ama-amphibians, ama-repitles, izinhlanzi, izinduku ezincane. Iphinde idle amaqanda, izithelo, njll. Ibhukuda kahle kakhulu. Ivikela isiza "sabo" kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo ze-mongoose. I-mongoose ngezikhathi ezithile imaka le ndawo ngokudonsela phansi - eceleni kwedamu lapho ihlala khona. Ngokuziphatha kwayo, isondele kuma-otter.

Izinsikazi zamanzi ama-mongooses azala kaningana ngonyaka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3 amawundlu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ukuya kwezingu-20, izingane ziyavela, ngemuva kwenyanga ziqala ukudla ngendlela ejwayelekile ye-mongoose.

Hare

Ama-mongooses amanzi ajwayelekile eSouth and Central Africa. Bakhonjiswa indlela yokuphila bebodwa eduze nezidumbu zamanzi. Umuntu ngamunye uhlala endaweni yakhe uqobo, emibhedeni yomhlanga eduze komfula ogeleza kancane, noma endaweni eseduze nezixhaphozi. Kusihlwa nasebusuku, ama-mongooses amanzi ayaphuma ayothenga ukudla, okuqukethe amasele, inhlanzi, imfoloko nezinambuzane zasemanzini. Emhlabeni, izilwane zidla izinyoni, namagundane nezinambuzane, nokuqothula izidleke. Lokhu kungabazingeli abangenasibindi, kodwa futhi baqaphele kakhulu.

Incazelo yamongo wamanzi

Amanzi noma ixhaphozi mongoose liyisidlakudla esincane esibonakala njengabamele umndeni wekati. Umzimba wabantu abadala ku-25-75 cm, isisindo esobangeni ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-5 kg. Isilwane sisitoko futhi sakhiwe kahle. Ijazi lakhe likhulu, lide futhi liqinile, limfushane kuphela emilenzeni.

Ikhanda likhulu linezindlebe licindezelwe kukho. Isiqaqa sesikhumba esingenalutho sahlukanisa izindebe ezingaphezulu ekhaleni. Imilenze inemifino emihlanu, inezikhafu amafushane ezingabuyi. Imilenze yangaphambili inesizotha esikhulu, esiza ama-mongoose ukuthola inyamazane ngaphansi kwamanzi. Isithupha sisebenza njengokwesekwa, futhi simsize ukuba ahlale phezu komhlaba oshelelayo. Ama-mongooses wamanzi nawo anama-fangs akhule kahle, amazinyo aqinile, awugqinsi, okwazi ukuchoboza amagobolondo e-crab namagobolondo e-mollusk. Kwabesifazane, ngababili izindlala zezinso ezincelisayo zitholakala esiswini. Izindlala ze-anal zithoza imfihlo yokuphunga.

Umzimba wamongo we-mongoose onsundu-onsundu, uvame ukuba nsundu. Kukhona abantu abanebala elikhanyayo kuboya. Ikhanda, isisu, isifuba nemilenze kuhlale kukhanya kunasemuva.

Izici zokupha amanzi i-mongoose

I-mongoose yamanzi iyisilwane esicishe sibe sibi. Idla izinambuzane zamanzi, imfoloko, inhlanzi, igobolondo, amasele, izinyoka, izinduku ezincane, amaqanda nezithelo. Kwesinye isikhathi naye uzingela emhlabathini, abambe izinyoni nezilwane ezincane, uyakwazi ngisho nokukhuphuka umuthi othambekele.

Lapho umuntu wasemanzini efuna inyamazane ogwini, uhlola yonke imfantu, abone ngokushesha ukungcola emanzini ngokubeka ngaphambili. Lapho nje inyamazane ithola inyamazane, iyikhipha emanzini bese iyidla. Isisulu esisebenza ngentshiseko singabulawa ukulunywa. Ama-Shellfish, imifantu namaqanda aphonswa phansi emhlabeni ukuze ashaye. Ngokuvamile, ama-mongoose amanzi atshintshela ekudleni okusekwe emhlabathini lapho amachibi omile.

Ikhetheke kakhulu emanzini ekuzingelweni kwezinyoni kwamanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isilwane silala ngomhlane emhlabathini, sibeka indawo yaso ekhanyayo nesisu sombala opinki. Kuyajabulisa izinyoni ukuthola “into” enjalo engajwayelekile. Kepha lapho nje besondela kumzingeli onobuqili wokuzingela, wenza okuphonsa ngokubukhali, abambe inyamazane adle.

Ukusakazeka KweMongoose

I-mongoose yamanzi isatshalaliswa endaweni eseCentral naseNingizimu Afrika emibhedeni yomhlanga, eduze nasezigungwini, emifuleni noma emaphethweni ngenqubo ehamba kancane, ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ezingeni lolwandle kuya kumamitha ayi-2 500. Izinhlobo zitholakala endaweni ebanzi esenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi ukusuka eSouth Africa kuye e-Ethiopia, enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eSierra Leone, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezingamagwadule nezindawo ezingasogwadule. Ama-mongoose amanzi ahlala e-Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, eCongo, eCote Divoire, e-Equatorial Guinea, e-Ethiopia, eGabon, eLiberia, eMalawi, eMozambiki, eNiger, eRwanda, eSenegal, eSierra Leone, eSomalia, eSudan, eTanzania, e-Uganda, naseZambia.

Ukuziphatha kukaMongoose

Ama-mongooses wamanzi asebenza ikakhulukazi ebusuku nase kusihlwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ayakwazi ukubonwa phakathi nosuku. Bangabhukudi abahle kakhulu, kepha bakhetha ukugcina amakhanda abo ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi lapho bebhukuda, bezama ukuncika ezindaweni ezinotshani kanye nezimila ezintantayo. Iyakwazi ukuhambisa amanzi i-mongoose futhi icishe ifakwe ngokuphelele, kuyilapho ishiya kuphela impumulo yayo ngaphezulu ukuze iphefumule. Ngokuvamile, lesi silwane sibonisa indlela yokuphila yasemanzini esezingeni eliphansi. Lapho kuphakama ingozi, ingena emanzini bese ihlala lapho isikhathi eside. Uma i-mongoose yamanzi iqhutshelwa ekugcineni noma ethukile kakhulu, khona-ke uqala ukudubula isitha sakhe ngemfihlo ensundu ye-anal gland.

Lezi zilwane zihlala zinemikhuba eminingi, zivame ukulandela izindlela ezishelelayo futhi eziphawulwe kahle ezigudla ugu kanye nezinye izidumbu zamanzi ezifihlwe yizimila.

Njengoba i-mongoose yamanzi iyisilwane esihlala sodwa, umuntu ngamunye uhlala endaweni echazwe ngokucacile, umngcele wayo udlula emanzini echibi eliseduze nalapho ahlala khona. Lezi zindawo zivame ukubanzi.

Ukuzala amanzi mongoose

Ukuzala kabusha kuma-mongooses amanzi kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka: phakathi nenkathi yesikhathi esomile neyokuna kwemvula. ENtshonalanga Afrika, inkathi yokuzalwa kwezingane ayivezwa kulolu hlobo, futhi eningizimu yezwekazi kuvame ukuzalwa phakathi kukaJuni no-Okthoba.

Ukuzalwa kwengane kwenzeka ezidlekeni ezakhiwe ngotshani obomile, lapho izinsikazi zihlomela khona emigodini yezihlahla, ezimpandeni zezihlahla, emifantwini ehlukahlukene, ezinkalweni, emihumeni yemvelo noma, uma kungenazindawo zokukhosela zemvelo eduzane, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezinamathuku, izidleke phakathi komhlanga .

Etafuleni labesifazane, kukhona ama-1-3, imvamisa amabili, amathole azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi engasizi ngalutho, isisindo sawo singama-100 g nje.Izinsuku eziyi-9-16 emva kokuzalwa, amehlo nezindlebe zezingane zivulekile. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha okungenani inyanga, kuthi emva kwalokho amanzi amancanyana aguqukele ekudleni okuqinile, futhi phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-30 zokuphila vele adla ngokugcwele ngokulingana nabantu abadala. Esikhathini esithile emva kokuphela kokondla ngobisi, amawundlu ahambisana nowesifazane kulo lonke uhambo lwakhe lokuzingela. Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane esisodwa esikhulile (cishe eseduna) sihamba “nomndeni” onjalo.

Izitha zemvelo zamanzi mongoose

Isibalo samanzi i-mongoose ngenxa yemisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule sincishiswe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziwomileyo. Kepha ngokuvamile, ngenxa yobubanzi bendawo yokuhlala yabo e-Afrika, kanye nokuba khona kwezindawo eziningi ezithandekayo, usongo lobukhona bale zinhlobo alukabonakali.

Ukudla kweMarsh Mongoose

Ama-mongooses wamanzi ayizilwane ezihlasimulisayo, isisekelo sokudla kwawo siqukethe imifantu yangamanzi, igobolondo neqhwa. Ziphinde zidle izinhlanzi, amasele, izinyoka, izinduku ezincane, izinyoni, amaqanda, izinambuzane ezinkulu kanye nezibungu zazo. Ama-mongooses wamanzi angadla ama-ululates amancane - ababambisi kanye namadam.

Lezi zilwane ziphila impilo yodwa. Imingcele yezabelo zabo ihlukaniswe ngokucacile, njengomthetho, badlula ngaphansi kwesithamo, eduze lapho kuhlala khona ama-mongooses.

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-marsh mongooses

Isikhathi sokufuya ama-marsh mongooses eNtshonalanga Afrika senzeka unyaka wonke, futhi eNingizimu Afrika, izingane zizalwa kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Owesifazane unamalitha ama-2 ngonyaka. Insikazi yenza isidleke sotshani obomile noma umhlanga wokubeletha. Angenza nesidleke emgedeni wemvelo noma kwenye indawo eseceleni. Kaningi, umgodi wowesifazane useduze namanzi.

Ama-mongooses wamanzi akhiwa ikakhulukazi ngomqondo wokuthinta, obasizayo ekufuneni kwabo ukudla.

Ekulweliseni kwe-marongo mongoose, kungaba khona ama-1 kuya ku-3 amawundlu. Zincane, isisindo sazo zingama-gramu ayi-100 kuphela, futhi azisizi ngalutho. Izinsana ezinamehlo avaliwe ziyazalwa. Umbono wabo uvela ngosuku lwe-9 kuya ku-14. Umama usuthisa omncane ngobisi kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-45.