1. Inyoni yohlobo lwe-marabou ingeyamalungu omndeni wezingwamza.
2. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlala eSouth Asia, kanye naseningizimu yeSahara. Bahlala emazweni afudumele lapho isimo sezulu sishisa khona kepha kunomswakama.
3. Ngokungafani nezinye izingwamza, ama-marabou endizeni awandisi intamo yawo, kepha ayigobe njengamakhala
4. Ngaphandle kokubukeka okungathandeki, ama-Arabhu ahlonipha kakhulu le nyoni, ayibheka njengophawu lokuhlakanipha. Yilokhu okwamnika igama elithi “marabu” - igama elithi “mrabut” - lelo igama lesazi semfundiso yenkolo yamaSulumane.
5. Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswe zaba yizinhlobo ezintathu - ama-marabou amaNdiya, ama-Afrika kanye noJavanese.
6. Ubude bezinyoni zohlobo lweMarabu luhlukahluka ngamasentimitha ayi-110 kuye kwangama-150, amaphiko okuqhuma kwamaphiko - ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-210 kuya kwangama-250. Isisindo senyoni enjalo singadlula i-8 kilos.
7. Umzimba ongaphezulu namaphiko e-marabu amnyama, ingxenye engezansi imhlophe. Phansi kwentamo kukhona i-frill emhlophe. Izinyoni ezincane zihamba kancane emotweni kunokuba zivuthwe.
8. Ikhanda liyimpandla, enoqhwaku olukhulu nolukhulu. Ezinyoni ezindala, kufakwa isikhwama esikhanyayo esifubeni. Lesi sinyo somphimbo sinokuxhumana emakhaleni, ngakho-ke kungathatha umoya futhi kunciphe ngenkathi i-marabou iphumula.
9. Ukungabikho kweplamu ekhanda nasentanjeni yenyoni kungenxa yobuchopho bokudla kwayo. Yize kunjalo, ama-marabou adla u-carrion, ngakho-ke imvelo ngokuthobeka yabaphuca isembozo esinjalo ukuze izimpaphe zingangcoliswa ngesikhathi sokudla.
10. Njengabo bonke abameleli be-Ciconiiformes yama-oda, i-marabou inomlomo omnyama ongamasentimitha angu-30 ubude. Nge "thuluzi" elinjalo inyoni idabula kalula esikhunjeni sesilwane, futhi futhi ingaginya wonke amathambo. Futhi, ama-marabou angadonsa izinduku, amanye ama-amphibians nezinambuzane.
I-marabou yase-Afrika
11. U-Afrika Marabou uyilungu elikhulu kakhulu lomndeni wakwa-Stork. Ukusuka kwigama kusheshe kube sobala ukuthi le nyoni ingowokuzalwa e-Afrika.
12. Indawo abahlala kuyo iyisikhungo naseningizimu ye-Afrika; lezi zinyoni azitholakali lapha eNingizimu Afrika kuphela. Zincamela ukuhlala emaqeleni, eSavannah, ezigodini zemifula kanye nasezindaweni ezinamathuna. Akahlali emahlathini nasezinkangala.
13. Kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokulahlwa komhlaba eduze namadolobha amakhulu. Ungabuye uhlangane nabo eduze kwezinhlanzi nezindawo zokuxhela, lapho kunenqwaba khona yemfucuza yokudla, eminye yayo eya e-marabou.
I-14.African marabou ingafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-150 ukuphakama futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-9. I-Wingspan - amamitha ayi-2,5-3,2. Nge ubude, imizimba yabo ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,1-1,3. Akukho mehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa, ngaphandle kokuthi abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.
15. Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lihlanzekile ngokweqile, izingcezu zokudla ezihlanjwa izinyoni kuqala bese kuphela ke ezidliwayo. Futhi ama-marabou ase-Afrika uqobo awagcini ngokugeza.
I-Indian marabu
16. IMarabou ngokwemvelo yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu: idla izidumbu, ngaleyo ndlela ihlanza umhlaba futhi ivikele ukuqala kwezifo nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe.
17. Bayasizakala futhi nasemadolobheni, lapho inani elikhulu labamele laba bantu be-scavengers bebuthana emaphepheni, bedla konke abangakugwinya.
18. Isisekelo sokudla kwalezi zinyoni u-carrion, kepha angadla inyamazane bukhoma, uma usayizi wesisulu uvumela ukuba igwinywe ngokushesha. Kungaba amachwane ezinye izinyoni, amasele, ubuhlalu, izirhubuluzi, inhlanzi, amaqanda.
19. UMarabu hlala ezindaweni ezikhulukazi. Ungesabi ukuba seduze kwabantu, kunalokho enye indlela ezungeze - imvamisa lezinyoni ziqhamuka emadolobhaneni, eduze kwendawo eyakhiwe ngamapulangwe, iphakamisa ukuthi kutholakale ukudla lapho.
20. NguMarabu nezinsikazi ezisebenza njengokuhleleka kwemvelo. Imvamisa, amadlozi aqala ukuklebhula isidumbu sesilwane, adwengule isikhumba. Futhi i-marabou, ilinde umzuzu omuhle, ibambe isisulu senyama efile enyakazweni olulodwa, emva kwalokho iphinde inyukele eceleni ilindele umzuzu olandelayo ofanele.
21. Ngakho-ke, izimpungushe nemabhele kudla inyama yonke, kusale kuphela ithambo elingenalutho elangeni. Ukuqina kwalezi zinyoni kuqinisekisa ukulahlwa kwendawo yazo ezindaweni zazo eziwohlokayo zezilwane ezahlukahlukene.
Javanese marabu
22. UJavanese marabu, lolu uhlobo lokuqothuka.
23. IMarabou iyizinyoni ezihlala emakoloni. Bathola izindawo zabo zokuhlala, njengomthetho, endaweni yamadlelo ezilwane ezahlukahlukene ze-artiodactyl, kanye nasemapulazini nasekuthambekeni komhlaba.
24. Ngenxa yalezi zinyoni, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezivinjelwe, okugxila kuzo kuqhuma lapha nalaphaya kulezi zimo zezulu.
25. Lezi zinyoni azivamile ukusuka endaweni yazo ejwayelekile yokuhlala, noma kunjalo, uma kufanele zifuduke ziyofuna indawo entsha “yokuphakela”, ziyenza ndawonye - lokhu kungumbukwane omuhle kakhulu futhi umxhwele.
26. Izidleke zaseMarabou ezikoloni ezinkulu. Lezi zinyoni zakha izidleke zamagatsha namahlumela. Ngobubanzi, isidleke se-marabou singamamitha ajule - 30 cm amasentimitha.
27. Zitholakala emiqheleni yezihlahla endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-15-25 emhlabeni. Kwezinye izimo, izidleke zingaba emaweni angamawa.
28. UMarabou uvuthwa ngocansi eneminyaka engama-4-5. Ngenkathi yemvula, i-marabou iqala isikhathi sokuzalela, futhi amachwane aqanduselwa lapho kuqala isomiso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izilwane eziningi ziyafa ngaphandle kwamanzi, futhi isikhathi sedili langempela sesifikile eMarabou.
29. I-clutch yabo iqukethe amaqanda ama-2-3. Kokubili okwensikazi namaqanda kudonswa amaqanda. Ngokubambisana, banakekela isizukulwane esincane kuze kube yilapho izingane zabo zizimela ngokuphelele.
30. Isikhathi sokufakwa emzimbeni sihlala cishe inyanga. Lezi zinyoni zingabazali abanakekelayo, zikhulisa amaphuphu azo isikhathi eside, zondla, zivikele, ziqaphe futhi zifundise. Esidlekeni, amaphuphu achitha izinyanga ezi-4, emva kwalokho aqala ukundiza.
31. Ngenkathi amachwane asesidlekeni, adla ngokudla okuphilayo okulethwa ngabazali bawo.
32. Kuyenzeka ukuthi marabou wase-Afrika andize abheke inyamazane. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni zamadlelo ezingafiki. Lapho nje enye yezilwane ifa, abahlaseli baqoqana ngokushesha phezu kwayo.
33. EKenya, eNairobi, lezi zinyoni zihlala emadolobheni, zakha izindlu ezihlahleni, futhi zindawonye, ngababili, zibopha inzalo, ayinaki umsindo nokudla okukhona.
34. Inani labantu base-marabou base-Afrika linenani eliphakeme labantu, ngakho-ke alikho engcupheni yokubhujiswa.
35. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zibamba izinhlanzi: i-marabou iba ngamanzi angajulile futhi ivumela uqhwaku oluncane oluvuleke emanzini, lapho nje inhlanzi ingena kuwo, uqhwaku lomlomo luyamazama futhi i-marabou igwinya inyamazane yalo.
36. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, ama-marabou kwesinye isikhathi azivumela ukuba adle ukudla okuncane, yize kunolaka, ezidla, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ezinkozi.
37. Ngezinye izikhathi iMaraba ibizwa ngokuthi yinyoni edonsayo ngobukhulu bayo obuhle nombala oqinile wezempi.
38. Endizeni, ama-marabou ayakwazi ukukhuphuka aze afike kumamitha ayi-4000 ukuphakama. Lokhu kubonakala kumangalisa, kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi i-marabou, ukuyibeka ngobunono, inyoni esindayo, kepha inikeza indiza enjalo enkulu isebenzisa imisinga yomoya ekhuphukayo.
39. Uma ubheka le nyoni futhi ngeke ucabange ukuthi kungubukhali bangempela kubuciko bokulawula imisinga yomoya ekhuphukayo.
40. Ngokuya esidlekeni, ama-marabou ahlukaniswa yisikhathi esinomusa. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi izithandani zihlale esidlekeni esidala, ezitholwe “ngefa”, zilibuyekeza kancane.
41. Kunezimo lapho ama-marabou edla khona ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane endaweni efanayo iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu!
42. Isiko lomshado we-marabou lihlukile ngokwemibono yethu evamile. Yizinsikazi ezilwela ukunakwa owesilisa okhetha noma olahla abazenzisi. Ngemuva kokuthi lo mbhangqwana wenzeke, kufanele bavikele isidleke sabo kuzivakashi ezingamenyiwe.
43. Benza le maraba ibe njengengoma yengoma, kepha ngeqiniso, lezi zinyoni azinampilo ngokuphelele futhi azimnandi.
44. Imisindo abayenzayo ifana kakhulu nokukhala, ukukhala noma ikhwela. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, okuwukuphela komsindo ongazwakala ku-marabou ukushaya isigubhu sawo esinamandla.
45. Izikhathi zokuncintisana ziyizimbangi ezinkulu zalezi zinyoni, kepha ama-marabou awakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kosizo lwe-marabou ukuthwala isidumbu esifile. Kuphela bangakwazi ukubhekana kalula nokuvulwa kwesilwane esifile, ngenxa yomlomo wabo obukhali.
46. EKenya, nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, le nyoni ingahle ibonakale ihambahamba emoyeni futhi ifuna inyamazane.
47. Noma ngabe kwakunjani, kepha emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika ukuhlangana neMaraba kuwuphawu olubi. Kukholelwa ukuthi le nyoni imbi, iyakhohlisa, imbi futhi iyenyanyeka.
48. E-Afrika, izinyoni ze-marabou zigcwala yonke imizi, asikwazi ukuzithola, akunakuzithola emasimini, futhi lapho zifana nezingwe, kodwa edolobheni aziphindeki manje, ngoba yize kunamadolobha asathuthuka, kunenqwaba yedoti lapho.
49. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinyoni endle yiminyaka engama-22-25, ekudingisweni iminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-30.
50. Emvelweni, ama-marabou cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo, kodwa inani lezinhlobo ngayinye njengamanje cishe ngeke lidlule ku-1000 ngenxa yokubhujiswa okwandile kwendawo yazo yemvelo.
Ukuziphatha
IMarabou ihlala emikhakheni emikhulu, ehlalwa amasoseji avulekile, izihlahlana kanye nolwandle, futhi ibuye ivele nasemizaneni esezindaweni zokulahla udoti ukuthola ukudla lapho. Ukudla kwabo kufaka i-carrion, kanye namaxoxo, izinambuzane, amaphuphu amancane, izibankwa namagundane. Uqhwaku olunamandla lukuvumela ukuba ubulale izilwane ezincane, kanti i-frill ivikela lonke iplamu kusuka kubomvu nasegazini esidumbu.
UMarabou ungadla inyamazane kwabanye abayizisulu, njengokhozi. UMarabou ungadla namaqanda namazinyane ezingwenya.
Ukuzala
Amachacho amachwane emakoloni, asabalalisa isidleke ngaphakathi ngamagatsha namaqabunga. Isidleke silingana 1 m ububanzi, 20-30 cm ukuphakama, ezihlahleni 3 kuya ku 40 m ngenhla komhlabathi ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Kuvame ukuba namaqanda ama-2-3 esidlekeni. Kokubili okweduna nezinsikazi kudonsa amaqanda kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-29 kuye kwezingama-31. Amakati aphakathi kweminyaka ephakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-95 kuye kwezingama-115 asevele enziwe ngokugcwele.
Ukusatshalaliswa
- I-African Marabou ( I-Leptoptilos crumeniferus )
- Indian Marabu ( Leptoptilos dubius )
- Javanese Marabu ( Leptoptilos javanicus )
- Leptoptilos robustus -Iyinhlobo engasekho eyaphila eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-20-50 eyedlule esiqhingini saseFlores. Lalingamamitha ayi-1,8 ukuphakama futhi lalinobunzima obuyi-16 kg. Kuchazwa ngamathambo amane ezinga eliphansi nezinsalela zangaphambili emihumeni yeLiang Bois.
Amanothi
- ↑Boehme R. L., Flint V.E. Isichazamazwi sezilimi ezimbili samagama ezilwane. Izinyoni. IsiLatin, isiRussia, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, nesiFulentshi. / ihlelwe yi-Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 26. - 2030 amakhophi. - I-ISBN 5-200-00643-0
- ↑Koblik E.A. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni (ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezichazwa yi-Zoological Museum yaseMoscow State University. - Publishing House of Moscow State University, 2001. - T. Part 1 (bird Class, Ostrich, Tinama-like, Penguin-like, Loon-like, Piedaniformes, Petrel-like, Pelican-like, Ciconiiformes, Flamingo-like, Goose-like , Falconiformes) .- 384 kk. - I-5 - 5 - 54072-4
- ↑ I-encyclopedia enkulu yezilwane. Impilo yezilwane. T. 1 Per. naye. M: I-LLC "Umhlaba wezincwadi", 2002. - 192 k. - I-ISBN 5-8405-0155-7
- ↑Indoda yaseFlorentine ingasebenzela njengokudla kwe-marabou enkulu - Isayensi nezobuchwepheshe - Umlando, isayensi yemivubukulo, i-paleontology - i-Paleontology - Inamandla