Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ama-gibbons mancane noma amakhudlwana, umbala woboya bawo ubuye ngokuya ngendawo nezinhlobo ezithile. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-gibbon anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amane kuya kwayi-13. Ubude bomzimba wabo bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-45 kuye kwangama-90.

ISiamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) yiyona kuphela uhlobo lwe-gibbon enesigaxa somphimbo.

Ama-Gibbons anomzimba omncane, ophansi; ahlukaniswa kwezinye izinkawu eziningi ngokungabi nomsila. Lezi zindondo zingenye yathuthuka kakhulu eqenjini labo.

Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo zinamazinyo angama-32 emilonyeni yazo, njengabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-II, III, amaqembu egazi e-IV "asenza" ahlobene nama-gibbons (kuphela iqembu I elingekho kuma-gibbons).

I-Belorussky Gibbons, noma i-Lars (iHylobates lar).

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo eziyi-16 zalo mndeni, umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezinde. Ngaphandle koboya, ama-gibbons anezintende zezandla zawo kuphela, ubuso bawo kanye nezithelo zomdabu. Nakanjani wonke amakhobiboni anesikhumba esimnyama. Ngokuqondene nemithunzi yoboya, imvamisa ihlala icacile (imnyama) noma inamamaki amancane ama-shades akhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zinoboya obulula.

Izimbambo ze-gibbons ziyehluka kakhulu ngobude: imilenze yangemuva imfishane kakhulu kunangaphambili. By the way, "izingalo" zalezi zindala zinde kakhulu kunomzimba (cishe kabili!), Yingakho ephumula kalula ezintendeni, emi nkqo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkawu, ama-gibbons akhetha "ukuhamba ngqo", noma ngabe aphakeme kakhulu (endaweni ethile esihlahleni).

Izinhlobo zeGibbons

Umndeni waseGibbon unezakhi ezi-4, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyi-17 ezaziwa yisayensi yanamuhla.

1. Isiliva Gibbon (iHylobates moloch)
2. IGibbon enamakhanda amhlophe (ama-Hylobates lar)
3. I-Cambodian Gibbon (iHylobates pileatus)
4. IGibbon Mueller (iHylobates muelleri)
5. I-Gibbon ehlomile emnyama (iHylobates agilis)
6. Nomascus hainanus
7. I-Dwarf Gibbon (iHylobates klossii)
8. I-Whitebeard Gibbon (iHylobates albibarbis)
9. I-Western Hulock (Hoolock hoolock)
10. Siamang sprostnopley (Symphalangus syndactylus)
11. I-Eastern Black Crested Gibbon (uNomasas nasutus)
12. Umbala we-White-crested crebed gibbon (uNomascus leucogenys)
13. Nomascus annamensis
14. I-Yellow Cheeked Crested Gibbon (Nomascus gabriellae)
15. IGibbon eyiBlack Crested (uNomascus concolor)
16. Nomascus siki
17. I-Eastern Hulock (i-Hoolock leuconedys)

Ahlala kuphi ama-gibbons?

Ngempela zonke izinhlobo ze-gibbons zihlala esifundeni sase-Asia. Izwe lakubo ngamahlathi aseNdiya, iMalaysia, iBurma, iThailand, iCambodia, iVietnam kanye neChina. Lapho ukhetha izindawo ahlala kuzo, lezi zinkawu zithanda ihlathi eliminyene, elinomswakama. Ezinye izinhlobo, noma kunjalo, zikhuphuka ezintabeni, kodwa hhayi eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ama-Gibbons asebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sosuku. Ososayensi abatadishe ngokucophelela indlela yokuphila kwama-gibbons aseBelorussia bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi lezi zinhlobo zakudala ziyakwazi ukuhlela izindlela zazo zansuku zonke. Ohlelweni lwabo lwansuku zonke kunesikhathi esibekelwe ngokuqinile sokudla, sokuphumula, sokuzinakekela kanye nesezalo, sokuxhumana nezihlobo, sokulala, njll.

Adlani ama-gibbons?

Lezi zinkawu zithanda ukudla kwezitshalo. Kakhulu, bakhetha amaqabunga anojusi, kepha “bangawakholisa” ngamantongomane, izimbali noma izithelo ezimnandi (ubhanana, ama-rambutan). Kepha kunezihlahla zemvelo ezinhle phakathi komndeni, zidla amaqanda ezinyoni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namachwane, yize zivame ukudla izinambuzane.

Iqiniso elihehayo: ama-gibbons awazi ukuthi aphuze kanjani - ngomqondo ojwayelekile wegama - angakwazi ukuthambisa uboya kuphela ezandleni zabo, bese beluncela, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise umswakama.

Wonke ama-gibbons ayizidalwa ezihamba phambili. Bayayithanda imidlalo ehlangene nabafowethu. Ama-Gibbons ashesha ukujwayela abantu, futhi futhi ngokuzithandela athintane nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Akuvamile ukuba zibe nolaka noma zibi, kuphambene nenkolelo ethandwayo.

Ngokuqondene nokukhethwa kwabalingani, ama-gibbons a monogamous. Bathanda ukuhlala ngababili noma imindeni (owesilisa, owesimame nenzalo yabo). Ama-Gibbons ahlala emvelweni iminyaka engaba ngu-25, kepha lapho omele lo mndeni ephila iminyaka engama-50!

Ukuzalwa kwengane ngama-gibbons kuyisikhathi esingajwayelekile, ngoba ingane izalwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3, noma ngisho ne-4. Abazali abanakekela abazali bagcina ingane eduze kwabo iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yokuphila, sonke lesi sikhathi umama uyondla ngaso ubisi.

Ukuqapha kweGibbon

"Ngiyabonga" kubantu, izixuku ezinkulu zalezi zilwane ngendlela engenasimilo ngokuphelele, ziyaxoshwa ngenkani ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezinsuku namuhla ziku-International Red Book esimeni sezinhlobo “ezisengozini” noma “ezisengozini”. Amanye ama-gibbon angavamile e-Gibbon ehlomile ngomnyama, iKloss Gibbon kanye neGibbon ehlomile emhlophe.

Futhi akwaziwa ukuthi zingaki ezinye izinhlobo ezingaba sesimweni esifanayo uma abantu bengayeki ngokunqoba ngokungenasizakalo ukunqoba yonke ingxenye yoMhlaba ngenxa yenzuzo nokuzuzisa kwabo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-gibbons?

Ezibhebheni, imilenze yezandla ingemfishane kakhulu kunangaphambili. Izingalo ezinde zivumela lezi zimbobo zakudala ukuba zikhuphuke ngokushesha ngamagatsha ezihlahla. Izithupha ezisemboniselweni zibanga kude ukusuka kwenye iminwe, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze isithombe esihle sokubamba. Lezi zinhlwayi zinezimfushane ezinamehlo amancane. Izinkawu zalo mndeni zinezikhwama zomphimbo ezikhule kahle, ngakho-ke zingakhala kakhulu.

Ubukhulu bomzimba wama-gibbons buyehluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-48-92. Abamele lo mndeni banesisindo esisuka kumakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayi-13.

Uboya bukhulu. Umbala ungasuka koku nsundu okhanyayo ube nsundu. Kwamanye ama-gibbons, umbala ungacishe ube mhlophe ngokukhanyayo, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ube mnyama. Kodwa ama-gibbons nge-fur emnyama noma elula ayijwayelekile. Ukubona igibbon emhlophe kunzima kakhulu. Lezi zinkawu zinezithelo zesayensi.

Ukusakazeka kwama-gibbons emhlabeni

Ama-Gibbons ahlala ezindaweni zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni esishisayo ukusuka e-Indonesia kuya eNdiya. Enyakatho yebanga, ama-gibbons ahlala ezindaweni ezincane zase China. Zitholakala naseziqhingini zaseBorneo, Sumatra naseJava.

Lalela izwi le-gibbon

Zonke lezi zinhlobo zezinkawu ziyizilwane nezindawo ezikuzo, futhi nemikhuba yazo ziyefana. Lapho izinkawu ziphethe impahla, zibika lokhu kwezinye izinyoni ngokukhala okukhulu okuzwakala kude ngamakhilomitha amaningi.

Ama-Gibbons awazakheli izidleke zokuzijabulisa, yile ndlela ahluke ngayo kumakati amakhulu ama-humanoid. Lo mndeni awunazo imisila.

Lezi yizilwane ezisheshayo ezihamba ngekhono emiqhele yezihlahla. Eqa egatsheni eya kwelinye igatsha, anqoba amabanga afinyelela kumamitha ayi-15. Bangakwazi ukuhamba ngale ndlela ngesivinini esingafika kumakhilomitha angama-55 ngehora.

I-Gibbons yi-herbivores.

IGibbons ingagxuma isuka endaweni iye kubude bamamitha ayi-8. Lezi zinkawu zihamba kahle ngemilenze emibili, futhi ngasikhathi sinye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezisheshayo ezihlala emiqhele yezihlahla.

Njengoba gibbons zihamba ngokushesha emagatsheni, ukuwa akunakugwenywa. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi yonke inkawu iphule amathambo amahlandla amaningana empilweni yayo.

Ama-gibbons abantu abadala ahlala ngababili, futhi uhlala nabantu abasha kuze kube iminyaka eyi-8. Ngemuva kwalokho, izintokazi nezinsizwa zishiya umndeni bese zihlala zodwa isikhashana zize zithole ekhethiwe noma ekhethiwe. I-Gibbons ingathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-2-3 ukuthola i-pair.

Amagiboni ayizilwane emhlanjini obusa kuwo.

Ngokuvamile abazali basiza izingane zabo ukuba zikhethe indawo efanele yokuhlala. Lapho unensimu yakho, lapho-ke kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthola umlingani.

Ukudla kwama-gibbons ikakhulukazi kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo: amaqabunga nezithelo. Kepha ama-primates nawo adla izinambuzane, amaqanda nezimpawu ezincane zezinja.

Kakhulu gibbons uhlale eSoutheast Asia. Phambilini, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwawo ibibanzi kakhulu, kepha ithonya lomuntu linciphise kakhulu. Ungahlangana emahlathini aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye nasezihlahleni zezihlahla ezisezintabeni, kodwa hhayi eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-2 000.

Izici zesakhiwo esibonakalayo sabamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zifaka ukungabikho komsila kanye nobude obukhulu bezandulelo maqondana nomzimba kunezinye izinduna. Ngenxa yezingalo ezinde eziqinile nesithupha esinezimpande eziphansi ezandleni, ama-gibbons angakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwezihlahla ngejubane elikhulu, eguqukela emagatsheni.

Use isithombe gibbons kusuka ku-Intanethi ungathola imibala ehlukahlukene, kepha, lokhu kuhlukahluka kutholakala ngokusebenzisa izihlungi kanye nemiphumela.

Empilweni, kunezindlela ezintathu zokukhetha imibala - ezimnyama, ezimpunga nezinsundu. Ubukhulu buxhomeke kumuntu ngamunye wohlobo oluthile lokubhaliselwe okuthile. Ngakho-ke, i-gibbon encane kunazo zonke lapho ikhulile ine-cm engu-45-5 enesisindo esingu-4-5 kg, ama-subspecies amakhudlwana afinyelela ukuphakama okungama-90 cm, ngokulandelana, futhi isisindo sanda.

Ukuchazwa kafushane komndeni

Osayizi abancane kakhulu emndenini. Ubude bomzimba be-gibbons buyi-45-90 cm. Isisindo esijwayelekile singama-8 kuya kwayi-13 kg. Umzimba we-gibbons unomusa impela. Izibalo zangaphambili ziphakeme kakhulu. E-siamangs emilenzeni yangemuva, iminwe yesibili neyesithathu isetshenziswa kakhulu. Kukhona amabele amancane wesayensi.

Umunwe wokuqala webhulashi mude impela. Kunethambo eliphakathi esihlakaleni. Ikhala elingaphandle lakhiwe kahle. AmaSiamese ane-guttural shock, ethi ngaphandle imbozwe ngesikhumba esingenazinwele. Isikhwama siyisibonakaliso esilinganiselwe esinezintambo se-mucous membrane ye-larynx. Lapho isilwane sikhala, isikhwama sivuvukala ngobudlova futhi sandisa kakhulu umsindo.

I-hairline iminyene, umbala wayo uhluka kakhulu kusuka kumnyama noma onsundu kuya ephuzi elimnyama, cishe ukhilimu noma mhlophe. Ku-gibbon ehlomile, izandla nezinyawo zimhlophe futhi ubuso buzungezwe izinwele ezimhlophe. Ku-gibbon enombala owodwa, izinwele ezingaphezulu kwekhanda zimi ziqonde, zakheke uhlobo lwenji.

Izakhamizi zamahlathi aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo - afinyelela kumamitha angama-2400 ngaphezu kolwandle. Bahola indlela yokuphila efana nesihlahla, kuyaqabukela iye emhlabeni. Zondla ikakhulu ngezinto zezitshalo (amaqabunga, izithelo), kepha futhi zidla ama-invertebrates nama-vertebrates ahlukahlukene (izinambuzane, izicabucabu, amachwane namaqanda ezinyoni). Ama-Gibbons ahamba kanye namagatsha ngosizo lwe-brachiation. Zigcinwa ngamaqembu amancane abantu aba-2-6, imvamisa imele umndeni ohlukile. Ukukhulelwa kuyizinsuku ezingama-200-212. Ngokuvamile kuba nengalo eyodwa kwilitha. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-6 ukuya kweli-10. Bahlala ekudingisweni kwaze kwaba neminyaka engama-23.
AmaGibbons ajwayelekile e-Assam, Burma, Yunnan, e-Indochina Peninsula, eHainan, eTenasserim, eThailand, ePhalamende laseMalacca, eziqhingini zaseSumatra, Mentawai, Java naseKalimantan.

Lezi yizinkawu ezincane, ezakhelwe ngomusa, izimpungushe zazo zinde kunezinyawo zazo ezingemuva, izinwele zazo ziwugqinsi, izintende zezandla, izinyawo, izindlebe nobuso zingenalutho. Kukhona amabele amancane wesayensi. Iminwe yinde, umunwe wokuqala uphikisana kahle neminye. Kusatshalaliswa eNdiya, e-Indochina, eJava, eSumatra, eKalimantan, ePhalamende laseMalacca. Zonke zingamakhosi, izakhamizi zasehlathini lemvula ezinendlela yokuhamba - ukubhula ngamehlo: ngokubambisana zibambe amagatsha ezihlahla ngezandla, zindiza zisuka esihlahleni ziye emthini ziya kumamitha ayishumi nanhlanu. Bangakwazi ukuhamba emilenzeni ngemilenze emibili, bezilinganise ngezandla. Amanye ama-gibbon akhombisa i-dimorphism yezocansi ekufakweni kombala wezinwele, ngokwesibonelo, abesilisa be-gibbon enombala ofanayo banemnyama futhi izintokazi ziyi-beige elula. Esinye isici se-gibbon impilo yomndeni, kuyilapho umndeni ngamunye unensimu yawo futhi unokuthile okufana neminye imindeni. Lokhu kuziphatha kubizwa ngokuthi “ukucula” noma “amawikhethi” ezinsimbi, umsunguli wokucula, ngokomthetho, ngowesilisa, bese umndeni wonke uxhumekile kuwo. Ama-gibbons agqamile - ama-siamang - aze abe nezikhwama zezwi ezikhethekile zomphimbo - abakhiqizi bomsindo owandisa.

Ungafunda zonke izinto ezibalulekile nge-gibbon, ubone isithombe se-gibbon futhi ufunde ngempilo yama-gibbons emvelweni ngokufunda le ndatshana ngomndeni we-primates, obizwa ngokuthi ama-gibbons, onezinhlobo eziyi-17 namuhla.

Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yegibbon

Esikhathini sasemini, ama-gibbons asebenza kakhulu. Zihamba ngokushesha phakathi kwezihlahla, zithambekele ebuntshini bazo obude futhi zigxume zisuka egatsheni ziye egatsheni ziye kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude. Ngakho-ke, ijubane labo lifinyelela ku-15 km / h.

Izinkawu azivamile ukwehlela emhlabeni. Kepha, uma lokhu kwenzeka, indlela yokunyakaza kwabo imnandi kakhulu - bemi ngezinyawo zabo ezingemuva bahambe, balinganise abangaphambili. Imibhangqwana ehloniphekayo ihlala nezingane zayo endaweni yayo, eziyigcinayo ngentshiseko.

Ekuseni kakhulu monkey gibbons gibela umuthi ophakeme kakhulu futhi wazise wonke amanye amasimu ngengoma ekhombisa ukuthi lesi sikwele sihlala kuso. Kunezinhlobo zokuthi ezinye izizathu azinayo insimu nomndeni. Imvamisa kakhulu laba abesilisa abancane abashiya ukunakekelwa kwabazali beyofuna abalingani bezempilo.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uma owesilisa osemncane ekhulile engashiyi yedwa indawo yakhe yobazali, uxoshwa ngenkani. Ngakho-ke, iduna lingazulazula ehlathini iminyaka eminingana kuze kube yilapho lihlangana nokukhethiwe, kuphela lapho bobabili behlala endaweni engenalutho futhi bakhulisa izingane lapho.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abadala bezinye izingxenyana ezithile bahlala futhi bavikele izindawo zezizukulwane zabo ezizayo, lapho owesilisa omncane ezokwazi ukuletha insikazi ukuqhubeka nempilo, eseyivele inayo, futhi ezimele.

Kulesi sithombe, iGibbon enomhlophe

Kunolwazi mayelana nokukhona phakathi gibbons ezimhlophe ezimhlophe inqubo eqinile yansuku zonke, elandelwa cishe zonke izinkawu ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ekuntweleni kokusa, phakathi nesikhathi phakathi kwamahora angama-5-6 entathakusa, bavuka bahambe bayolala.

Ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhuphuka, intengo iya endaweni ephezulu kakhulu yendawo yakhe ukuze ikhumbuze wonke umuntu ukuthi le nsimu imatasa futhi akufanele igxishwe. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho lapho i-gibbon yenza khona indlu yangasese yasekuseni, icoceke ngemuva kokulala, iqale ukwenza ukunyakaza okusebenzayo bese iya emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Le ndlela ivame ukuholela esihlahleni sezithelo, esivele sikhethwe yinkawu, lapho onjiniyela bejabulela khona isidlo sasekuseni esinenhliziyo. Ukudla kwenziwa kancane, i-gibbon idlulisa yonke ingxenye yezithelo ezinamanzi. Lapho-ke, isivinini esivela kancane, intengo iya kwenye yezindawo zakhe zokuphumula ukuze iphumule.

Isithombe igibbon emnyama

Lapho, usika esidlekeni, elele cishe ngaphandle kokunyakaza, ujabulele ukugcwala, ukufudumala nokuphila ngokujwayelekile. Lapho iphumula kakhulu, igibbon inakekela inhlanzeko yejazi layo, uyihlanganisele ngaphandle, iqoqe kancane kancane ukuze iqhubeke ekudleni okulandelayo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, isidlo sasemini sesivele kwesinye isihlahla - kungani udla okufanayo uma uhlala ehlathini lemvula? Izibhedlela ziyayazi indawo yazo nezindawo zayo ezimbi. Lo mbhangqwana olandelayo uphinde ujabulele izithelo ezinamafutha, izinto eziswini zesisu futhi, ezisindayo, ziye endaweni yokulala.

Njengomthetho, ukuphumula kosuku nokudla okubili kuthatha usuku lonke lwe-gibbon, kufinyelela esidlekeni, kuya embhedeni ukwazisa isifunda ngamandla avuselelekile ukuthi le ndawo ihlalwa yisimo esingenasibindi futhi esiqinile.

Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-gibbon

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ama-gibbon ayimibhangqwana engabodwa lapho abazali behlala khona nezingane kuze kube yilapho izingane sezikulungele ukudala imindeni yazo. Ngokubona ukuthi ukuthomba kufinyelela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya kweli-6, umndeni uvame ukuba nezingane zezeminyaka ehlukene nabazali.

Kwesinye isikhathi bahlanganiswa nabendlu endala, okuthi ngasizathu simbe bahlale benesizungu. Iningi lama-gibbon, njengoba elahlekelwe ngumlingani, alisakwazi ukuthola okusha, ngakho-ke lichitha impilo yalo yonke linganandoda. Kwesinye isikhathi lesi isikhathi eside impela, njengoba gibbons bukhoma kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25-30.

Abamele umphakathi owodwa bayazana, balale badle ndawonye, ​​banakekelane.Izinsimbi ezikhulayo zisiza umama ukuba aqaphe izingane. Futhi, ngokwesibonelo sabadala, izingane zifunda ngokuziphatha okufanele. I-cub entsha ivela kulo mbhangqwana njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa, ugoqa izingalo zakhe okhalweni lukanina abambelele kuye.

Gibbon enesithombe esimhlophe

Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ngisho nengane isezingalweni zayo, insikazi ihamba ngendlela efanayo - ijika kakhulu futhi igxuma isuka egatsheni iye kwelinye igatsha endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Owesilisa ubuye futhi anakekele abancane, kepha imvamisa lokhu kukhathazeka kuphela ekuvikelweni nasekuvikeleni insimu. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ama-gibbons ahlala emahlathini agcwele abagwebi abathukuthele kakhulu, iningi lomonakalo owenziwe yilezi zilwane wenziwe ngabantu. Inani lezinhlobonhlobo lincishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokwehla kwendawo yezindawo ezihlala khona.

Amahlathi agawulwa futhi ama-gibbons kufanele ashiye izindawo zawo lapho eyofuna okusha, okungelula kangako ukwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, muva nje kuye kwaba nomkhuba wokugcina lezi zilwane zasendle ekhaya. Ungathenga igibbon ezinkulisa ezikhethekile. Intengo ye-gibbon kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka nobungako bomuntu ngamunye.

Ama-Gibbons - umndeni wezinkawu, lapho namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingama-4, ezihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezingama-17. Indawo le ifinyelela ezindaweni eziseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lawa angamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni esabekayo evela enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya kuya e-Indonesia. Enyakatho, ibanga lilinganiselwe ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeChina. Izinkawu zihlala naseziqhingini zaseSumatra, eJava naseBorneo.

Lezi zimpunga azenzi izidleke zokuphumula, ngoba ziyahlukahluka kokhokho abakhulu. Azinayo imisila, futhi zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zibambe imiqhele yezihlahla. Banqoba amamitha ayi-15 emoyeni, bagxuma besuka egatsheni baye kwelinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane labo lingafinyelela ku-55 km / h. Ukusuka endaweni bayakwazi ukwenza ukweqa, ubude bawo bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-8. Bahamba kahle ngemilenze emi-2 futhi babhekwa njengabashesha kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emqheleni wezihlahla.

Kulezi zinduna ezingenamisila, izibambo zangaphambili zinde kakhulu kunezinyawo ezingemuva, ezibavumela ukuba bahambe masinyane emiqhele yezihlahla, begaxekile ezingalweni zabo. Izithupha ezisezindongeni zangaphambili ziphawuleka kude nezinye izinzwane. Lokhu kunikeza umphumela omuhle wokubamba. Ama-Gibbon anamehlo amakhulu nama-muzzles amafushane. Izikhwama ze-Throat ezinikeza imisindo ephakeme zakhiwa kahle.

Ubude bomzimba buhlukahluka kusuka kuma-48 kuya kuma-92 cm. Isisindo sisukela ku-5 kuye ku-13 kg. Kukhona amabele wesayensi. Uboya bukhulu. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, umbala uyahlukahluka usuka kumdaka omnyama uye onsundu okhanyayo. Kwesinye isikhathi umbala ucishe ube mnyama noma ube mpunga okhanyayo. Imibala emnyama nemhlophe emsulwa ayivelakancane. Kunzima kakhulu ukubona inkawu emhlophe.

Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila

Lezi zimpelesi zakha ngazimbili ezingapheli. Imvamisa, kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3, insikazi iveza inzalo. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa ikonyana elilodwa. Amawele awavamile kakhulu. Umuntu osanda kuzalwa ubambelela ezinweleni zikamama, ahambe naye. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha iminyaka emi-2. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-8. Endle, ama-gibbons ahlala isilinganiso seminyaka engama-25. Ama-zoo angaphila iminyaka engama-50. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinkawu zakha ngababili abazwela, njengoba kwenza abantu. Ngakho-ke, kuma-zoo kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukuphoqa owesilisa nowesifazane ukuba bashade, ngoba abanayo imizwa komunye nomunye.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Njengoba sekushiwo, lo mndeni uhlanganisa i-4 genera. it igibbon yangempela, i-siamang, i-nomascus ne-hulok . Uhlobo lokuqala ne-nomascus kubhekwa njengeziningi kakhulu. Kuzo kunezinhlobo eziyi-7. Ama-Siamangs amelelwa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela, kanye nama-hulok ngababili. Ukuziphatha nemikhuba yezinkawu kuyahlangana. Zonke lezi zilwane ziyizwe. Ukuthi izimpahla zimatasa kubikwa ngokukhala kakhulu. Izwakala ibanga lamakhilomitha ambalwa.

Izinkawu zihamba ngokushesha phakathi kwamagatsha, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ziyaphuka noma ingalo iwele. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi yilungu ngalinye lomndeni liphula amathambo amahlandla amaningi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Izinkawu ezindala zihlala ngababili, futhi abantu abasha bahlala nabazali babo kuze kube iminyaka engu-8. Ngemuva kwalokho izinsikazi nezinsikazi ziyahamba bese kuba nesikhathi esithile zihlala zodwa kuze kube yilapho zithola izithandani zazo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha iminyaka engama-2-3 ukuthola umlingani. Ngokuvamile abazali basiza amawundlu ukunquma ngendawo yokuhlala yawo. Uma kukhona eyodwa, khona-ke kuba lula ukuthola umlingani noma umlingani empilweni.

Ukudla okunempilo ikakhulukazi kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo. Lezi izithelo namaqabunga ahlukahlukene. Amaqanda ezinyoni, ama-vertebrates amancane, izinambuzane nazo ziyadliwa. Izinhlobo eziningi zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu futhi zisengozini. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu ukuncishiswa komhlaba wehlathi. Lokho wukuthi, indawo yemvelo yabantu iyachithwa, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamanani.

Ukuphela kwezinkawu ezinamahloni ezihlala emindenini eyodwa.
Umnotho

Umnotho

Igama lesiRussia - I-gibbon ehlome ngomnyama, gibbon esheshayo
Igama lesi Latin - I-aglobis agilis
Igama lesiNgisi - Agile gibbo
Isigaba - Izilwane ezincelisayo (iMammalia)
Ukuhlonza - Izibalo
Umndeni - IGibbon, noma izinkawu ezincane (iHylobatidae)
Umusa - I-gibbons yangempela

Ukubukeka

Ama-Gibbons ayizidlakudla ezingenamisila, zinezinkawu ezincane futhi zinomusa, zinezandla nemilenze emide, uboya obukhulu. Isici esibonakala sazo zonke i-gibbons ubude besilinganiso semilenze: izingalo zabo zinde kakhulu kunemilenze yabo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi basebenzise ngentshiseko indlela ekhethekile yokunyakaza ebizwa nge-brachiation. I-Brachiation ukunyakaza emqheleni wezihlahla kuphela ngosizo lwezandla, lapho isilwane siphonsa umzimba waso kusuka egatsheni kuya kwelinye igatsha, njenge-air acrobat. Emilenzeni asemuva, lezi zilwane zihamba ngokudabukelayo phansi nasemagatsheni aminyene, futhi lokhu zikwenza phambi kwanoma yikuphi ukwesekwa okufanelekile ongabamba ngakho.

Amagiboni ayizinkawu ezinkulu, ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-64 cm, enobunzima obungu-6 kg. Ngokungafani nezinkawu ezinkulu, ezibonakaliswa yi-dimorphism yezocansi ngosayizi womzimba, izinsikazi nezinsikazi zama-gibbons cishe azifani ngosayizi.

Umbala wejazi ezigabeni ezihlukile uhlukile, kepha kuyafana kubo bobabili ubulili esintwini ngasinye. Imvamisa iba nsundu elikhanyayo nge-tint ebomvu yegolide noma onsundu, ibomvu-nsundu, nsundu, imnyama. Abesilisa banezihlathi ezimhlophe namashiya, izintokazi zinsundu. Umbala wejazi, ikakhulukazi ubuso, wenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezithile zama-gibbons, futhi kwezinye izimo banquma ubulili babo.

Hambisa emiqheleni yezihlahla ngosizo lwezandla

Hambisa emiqheleni yezihlahla ngosizo lwezandla

Hambisa emiqheleni yezihlahla ngosizo lwezandla

Hambisa emiqheleni yezihlahla ngosizo lwezandla

Hambisa emiqheleni yezihlahla ngosizo lwezandla

Hambisa emiqheleni yezihlahla ngosizo lwezandla

Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha Komphakathi

Amagiboni ayizilwane zasemini. Zihamba zihamba ngamagatsha ezihlahla zisebenzisa i-brachiation, zihamba emhlabathini ngezinyawo, kuyilapho lezi zinkawu ziphakamisela izingalo zazo ezinde emaceleni zikhuphuke ukuze zilondoloze ukulinganisela.

I-Gibbons iyinto eyodwa. Umbhangqwana osukhulile onezingane uvame ukuthatha insimu encane evikelwe yibo. Iqembu lomndeni liqukethe umbhangqwana wokuzalela kanye namazinyane ayi-1-2. Lapho izilwane esezikhulile zishiya iqembu labazali bazo zineminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala, zihlala zodwa isikhashana kuze kube yilapho zithola umlingani futhi zingene endaweni yazo.

Onke ama-gibbons anendawo eyingqayizivele, okungukuthi, anesigaba somuntu ngamunye noma seqembu esivikela ekuhlaselweni abanye abantu. Indawo evamile yensimu yomndeni icishe ibe ngamahektare angama-34. Imingcele yale nsimu ibizwa ngokuthi ama-gibbons ngokuthi “ukucula,” okuzwakala ngamakhilomitha amaningi.

Izinsizwa ezisencane zivuthwa ngeminyaka yobudala eyisithupha, ngasikhathi sinye oxhumana nabo baqala - banobungane noma banolaka - kontanga nabesilisa abadala. Izingxabano nabesilisa abadala zisiza izilwane ezincane ezisencane ukuba zihlukane neqembu. Lokhu kwenzeka eneminyaka engaba ngu-8. Abesilisa abasebasha abahlangani nabesifazane abadala nhlobo. Izinsizwa ezincane zivame ukucula zodwa, zizama ukuheha insikazi ebiyifunayo, izulazula ehlathini. Kodwa-ke, amadodana namadodakazi angahlala nabazali isikhathi eside.

Ukuzala kanye nokuziphatha kwabazali

Ukuzala kabusha akuyona inkathi ethile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-230-240 zokukhulelwa, kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa. Embhangqweni osukhulile, ithole elilodwa livame ukuzalwa njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2-3, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, izilwane ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 ezingakhuli zikhona eqenjini lomndeni.

Ukusuka emizuzwini yokuqala yokuphila, ithole libambelela kumama liqinile futhi lingavumeli izinwele zalo ukuthi ziwele ngisho nalapho ligxuma ngokushesha lisuka egatsheni liye kwelinye. Ezinyangeni ezi-1.5 - ezi-2, amawundlu ehla kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwakhe futhi alale eceleni kwakhe. Ingane imunca umama isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyi-6, khona-ke kancane kancane iqala ukunambitha ukudla kwabantu abadala, kepha ngasikhathi sinye eqhubeka ukuncela umama. Ngezinyanga eziyi-10 ukuya kwezi-11, ushintshela ekondleni kwabantu abadala futhi akasabambeleli kunina.

Owesilisa akabambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo.

Vocalization

Ukuziphatha okuzwakalayo nokuqina kwamandla omphakathi kwama-gibbons ukucula. Imvamisa, imibhangqwana yabantu abadala iyacula, kepha abantu abasha abasebasha, lapho bezazi kahle izindima zabo zenhlalo, nabo bajoyina ikwaya. Izingoma ze-Gibbon mhlawumbe ziyimisindo emangalisa kakhulu engazwakala emahlathini ashisayo ase-Asia. Izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi zenziwa ngabesilisa nabesifazane, abahleli eziqongweni zezihlahla, futhi le misindo izwakala ehlathini ibanga lamakhilomitha ambalwa. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abesifazane nabesilisa bacula izingoma ezihlukile.

Imvumba yeduna imvama ukuzwakala ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga; iphetha lapho kusa. Ingoma iqala ngochungechunge lwama-troll athambile, kancane kancane ikhula ibe uchungechunge lwemisindo ekhulisa ivolumu. Ingxenye yokugcina yengoma iphindwe kabili kunengxenye yokuqala futhi inamanothi acishe ayiphindwe kabili. Ukucula okunjalo kungahlala imizuzu engama-30- 40.

Uyini umsebenzi wezingoma ze-gibbon? Okokuqala, kuyisexwayiso kwamanye amalungu eqembu mayelana nokuthi zikuphi. Ukwanda kokuculwa kwabesilisa kuya ngobuningi besibalo sabantu esintwini, kanye nenani lamantombazane amancane afuna abalingani. Iningi lezazi zezilwane likholelwa ukuthi inhloso enkulu yokucula ukuvikela intombi yabo ekungeneni kwabesilisa abangashadile. Abesilisa emndenini bacula njalo, kulapho kuzalwa khona abesilisa abangabodwa abasongela inhlalakahle yomndeni. Kulezo zindawo lapho inani labesilisa abangashadile liphansi kakhulu, abesilisa bomndeni abaculi nakancane.

Umlando Wempilo eZoo

Izibhebhe ezazihlome ngemnyama zigcinwe eMoo Zoo kusukela ngonyaka we-1998. Umsebenzi wokugcina nokunakekela kwawo wenziwa njengengxenye yoHlelo lwePan-European for the Conservation and Breeding of Rare and Endangered Species (EEP).

Ngaphambi kwalapho, sasiba nombhangqwana osemusha wegibbons emnyama ebabazekayo futhi enkudlwana (iHiglobates concolor). Kepha ukucula kwabo okuhle nangokuzwakalayo akuzange kuthande ingxenye yezakhamizi zezindlu eziseduzane. Basongela impilo nempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngakho-ke, kuthunyelwe amakhobolo amnyama e-International Gibbon Center eCalifornia.

Ama-Gibbons e-zoo athola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithelo, imifino, amagatsha aluhlaza, amaqanda, ushizi we-cottage shizi.

I-gibbon ehlomile emnyama iyabonakala e-Monkey pavilion.

Esithombeni sika-Oscar Sanicidro, sibona ihlathi elifudumele nelomile endaweni eyi-Iberian Peninsula eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-11.6 edlule (isigamu sesibili). Ukushona egatsheni - bavele bangena esikhundleni seMiocene. Ama-Halicoterias adla ngaphansi kwehlathi Phyllotillon `s - Ama-herbivores anokuthula, ahamba kancane, abukeka njengehhashi elisindayo ku-chassis yegorilla, kuphela esikhundleni seminwe eshaywa njenge-anteater - amagatsha ezihlahla ezigoba phansi. Futhi esithombeni esilandelayo ungabona i-deinotherium enjengendlovu I-Deinotherium giganteum - isilamu esikhulu kunazo zonke ngemuva kwe-indricoteria:

Ifinyelela ku-4-5.5 m ubude, i-deinotherium yayinomzimba oqinile kunezindlovu, intambo yeselula nesiqu esifushane futhi esibuthakathaka, futhi izimbotshana zayo zakhula zivela kwabaphansi, hhayi umhlathi ophakeme. Engxenyeni yamacala awakhombisi zimpawu zokukhanga - mhlawumbe wasebenzisa ama-tuks kuphela ukunqamula amagatsha esihlahla, bese edla amaqabunga ngokuthula - ahlulela ngamazinyo, wadla ukudla okuthambile kunendlovu zanamuhla - abadla amagatsha, kepha ukubukeka kwakhe akuvumeli ukusola i-deinotherium ekuhlumeni utshani noma ekudleni i-algae. Ku-anatomy yakhe, kulondolozwe izici zokhokho abavamile bezindlovu nama-manatees.

Ngakwesobunxele se-deinotherium, i-pheasant iyahamba I-Miophasianus altus , ngakwesobunxele nangaphansi kwakhe kubonakala inyamazane ecashe ngemuva kwezihlahla I-Euprox furcatus , okusikhumbuza i-Mountzhak yesimanjemanje, nangaphansi, ku-log - isilwane esidliwayo I-Trocharion albanense emndenini ofelwe ukholo. Ekupheleni ekugcineni kwe-log, inyamazane edonsa izimbaza yayiqaphile. I-Micromeryx nengulube engezansi U-Listriodon uyakhazimula . Ukulalelisisa kakhulu kusazokwazi ukwenza ngaphansi kwefern turtle yempahla yaphakade. Ukhozi oluncane lwendala esibhakabhakeni Akila edwardsi futhi egatsheni elingezansi ngakwesokunene sakhe kubekwa indeningi. Zonke lezi zilwane ziyehluka ezinhlotsheni zanamuhla, ezihlobene nezinhlobo zofuzo azikho ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo nezakhi zofuzo ezihlukile komunye nomunye: eMiocene (kubhekwa isikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi yethu yeNeogene) kwakukhona izilwane ebesizokwazi ukuzichaza kalula njengezingulube , amakamela, ama-jerboas - ngengxenye enkulu yalokho okwakukhona nezinye izingulube kanye nejezi.

Izibalo aziyona into eyehlukile - kwakungekho luhlanga lwabantu eMhlabeni okwamanje, kepha izinzalamizi ezi-humanoid zazikhona. Esigcawini esisekuleli hlathi elilodwa, phakathi kwezinsalela zezidalwa eziboniswe ezithombeni ezingenhla, kutholakala amathambo enkawu enesisindo sekati, ahlanganisa nezimpawu zama-Hominids kanye nama-gibbons. Ukutholwa kwabizwa Pliobates cataloniae , futhi waqamba u-Eulalia ukuhlonipha ingcwele ye-Barcelona.

Cha, u-Eulalia ongasekho wayengeyena ukhokho wethu ojwayelekile onama-gibbons - ngaleso sikhathi imigqa yethu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yayihlukaniswe isikhathi eside, futhi endaweni ethile e-Afrika, ama-hominin ahlanzekile asuka kancane asuka ezihlahleni zesundu. Esikhundleni salokho, kwakuyisixuku esisinda emaphethelweni omhlaba, entshonalanga kude ne-Eurasia, inzalo eshintshile kancane yalelo khokho elijwayelekile, isivumela ukuba siqonde ukuthi siyini. Naphezu komfanekiso wezimpawu zokwakheka zombili ngaphakathi, ngaphandle nangaphandle, futhi, ngokusobala, ngokwe-plyobate yemvelo, u-Eulalia wayefana kakhulu nama-gibbons, yize ayengakhethekile - izandla zakhe zazingenamandla amakhulu futhi zinamandla (kuma-gibbons ziphindwe kabili ubude bomzimba), futhi izandla azinjalo phezulu. I-gibbon yesimanje iyakwazi ukubopha izihlahla ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-50 / h, yenze ukweqa okungamamitha ayishumi, idlozi lethu elijwayelekile likwenze kancane futhi hhayi ngokuvamisile. Hhayi, inqobo nje lapho sisuka endaweni yokudobha i-termite siyiswa ku-iPhone, ama-gibbons awazange alahlekelwe yisikhathi futhi athuthukiswa kumakhono okugqama - leli igama lale ndlela yokuhamba ngezandla ngaphansi kwamagatsha - futhi ikakhulukazi nge-gibbonism.

Futhi kufanele sibheke lezi zibhebhe elicwengekile lekusasa elikude, ukusuka ekubukeni kwe-Eulalia, njengoba sesivele sabheka, nezinkawu - ukuze kuvuleke kancane iveyili yesikhathi esedlule futhi, mhlawumbe, siqonde okuthile ngathi.

Ngakho-ke, gibbons. Kanye nama-hulok nama-nomascus. Owokuqala kakhulu wezinkawu. Izakhamuzi ezikhethekile zezihlahla, eziphawuleka ngendlela yazo yokuhamba, ezingatholakali kwezinye izilwane - ngaphansi kwamagatsha ngosizo lwesandla esisodwa ngokuya ngomgomo we-pendulum. Kusuka kokhokho bethu abajwayelekile sathola ukuhlangana okuhle kwamahlombe okuyisipele ngama degree amathathu wenkululeko nokujikeleza.

Futhi - uthinte ukuma okuqondile. Ubude bezandla ze-gibbon bukhulu kangangokuba ngeke nje baqhubeke ngokomzimba kuwo womane - ngisho noma besendaweni eqonde ngokuphelele, izintende zezandla zabo zithinta umhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, emhlabathini ahamba ngemilenze emibili, ezilinganisa ngezingalo ezeluliwe, njengesiqalo esihamba ngezinyawo ngesigxobo. Ngendlela efanayo bangahamba ngegatsha elivundlile.Ama-hominids asehlele emhlabeni - chimpanzee, ama-gorilla - izingalo zakhe zimfushane, awadingi i-pose enjalo, kepha asazizwa enethemba kakhulu ngemilenze emibili kune-macaque. Ukuvula ngqo bekungadingi ukuthi kuphinde kwenziwe kabusha okuphambili kohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal kusuka kokhokho bethu.

Namuhla, onke ama-gibboni ahlala emahlathini aseNingizimu naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, aqala ukuba mncane unyaka nonyaka, ukusuka ezindaweni ezinamapayipi aphakeme kuya kumakhilomitha amabili ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, futhi mncane - ukusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8.5 kg ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Amagatsha aqala ukugqashuka ngaphansi kwezinkawu ezinkulu, futhi kufanele asuke ekugxumeni ngobuhlakani ekukhuphukeni ngokucophelela noma ukuchitha isikhathi esithe xaxa emhlabathini - okokuqala, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo ngandlela-thile kuholela ku-orangutan, okwesibili - kuya ku-chimpanzee.

Abazakhi izidleke, kunalokho, bayazi ukuphefumula kamnandi ngenkathi behleli emagatsheni. Sabuye futhi sathola leli khono - umuntu uyakwazi ukulala futhi angawi, uhleli esihlahleni. Futhi ngisho nathi kithi esingakaze sigibele izihlahla ezimpilweni zethu kwesinye isikhathi asijabhi ngethemba lokuchitha ubusuku eshalofini elingaphezulu elingavulelekile ekuthwaleni isitimela.

Ngokufanayo kubantu, amazinyo angama-32 e-gibbon ane-II, III, amaqembu egazi we-IV, kepha awekho. Isikhumba sawo wonke ama-gibbons amnyama, kepha izinwele, ngokungafani nezimpawu zokuqala, abesilisa nabesifazane bezinhlobo ezifanayo.

Ama-Gibbons awanaso isikhathi sokuzalela kanjalo, insikazi ingahlala kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha ayiqoqi imincintiswano yokuqhathanisa ngokulwa kwabesilisa ngalesi sikhathi, esikhundleni salokho, imvelo yanikeza uthando kuma-gibbons: bakhetha umuntu abathandana naye ngendlela abathanda ngayo. Owesilisa nowesifazane e-zoo, ababengathandani futhi benqatshelwe ukhetho, bangahlala bengabangane impilo yonke ngaphandle kokushiya inzalo.

Ama-Gibbons, athandana kakhulu, ajwayela ukwakha umbhangqwana impilo yonke, futhi ahlala emvelweni iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu, futhi e-zoo angakwazi ukukhumbula iminyaka engamashumi amane. I-gibbon yesifazane ibeletha njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Empilweni yakhe yonke, kuyaqabukela ebeletha ngaphezu kweshumi.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisikhombisa, unyaka noma emibili ingane idla ubisi, khona-ke ikhula eminye iminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa futhi ihlala nabazali bayo kuze kube yilapho isifikisa futhi kuphela ngemuva kokufika kuyo isuka iyofuna umlingani nendawo yakhe empilweni. Ngakho emndenini ngasikhathi sinye kuvame amawundlu amabili noma amathathu ahlukene, asebekhulile bayasiza ekunakekeleni abancane. Amalungu omndeni ayanakekelana: axubha uboya bawo, aqabule, alethe ukudla kubantu asebekhulile - kwenzeka ukuthi isifiso esidala sishaywa emndenini, njengomthetho, umfelwa noma umfelokazi ongatholanga umlingani omusha wempilo, akamshayeli.

Ingane ihlala izalwa yodwa futhi isuka emizuzwini yokuqala yokuphila ibambelela okhalweni lukamama, icishe ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuhamba kwayo. Ngomthwalo onjalo, insikazi yenza ukugxuma okuphefumulayo. Kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, uyise uqala ukufunda naye, afundise ukunyakaza okuzimele, namanye amaqhinga okuphila kwenkawu. Imvamisa abazali be-gibbonchik eyandulelwe ngaphambili yindawo yakhe engomakhelwane yehlathi. Uma okhokho bengazange bayixazulule inkinga yezindlu zabancane - zonke iziza zomakhelwane bahlala - ushiya umndeni ekuvuthweni futhi uzulazula emahlathini iminyaka eminingana, ehlangana nabathengisi abancane abafanayo aze ahlangane nothando lwakhe futhi axazulule naye esakhiweni samahhala.

Ama-Gibbons anomusa futhi awona ukungqubuzana, ekuthunjweni ahlangana kalula nabamele ezinye izinhlobo, asheshe ajwayele umuntu futhi angakhathaza ngemidlalo ye-hyperactive, kodwa hhayi ulaka.

Iningi lezingxabano phakathi kwabo zibhusha ukuze kuvikelwe imingcele yezinkundla zomndeni, kepha nalapha futhi, ama-gibbons akhethe ukungalwi futhi hhayi ukusongela omunye ngomunye, kodwa ukumane amemezele amalungelo awo ngengoma. I-Gibbons ayishayi ikhwela, ayibhongani - zicula ngomqondo wobuntu ngamathoni amsulwa, yize kungekho mazwi. Ngamahloni, balawula izwi labo ngendlela efanayo nabahlabeleli abangabantu.

Ngokuvamile, ama-gibbons abathanda kakhulu ukucula: bodwa, endaweni yokudla, ekhweni. Njalo ekuseni umndeni we-gibbon uhlala uhlangana ne-chaya aria, umuntu ngamunye emndenini ngamunye, bese kuphela lapho eyofuna ukudla. Amageyimu wabasizi abasha ahlela amakhonsathi ahlanganyelwe ukuheha abangane. Umbhangqwana onothando usungula umndeni ngemuva kwesikhathi eside semidlalo yokushintshana nobudlelwano.

Ubhangqa ngamunye udala eyabo ingoma eyingqayizivele, abayicula bendawonye. Icala laqoshwa lapho insikazi ebihlome nge-gibbon emhlophe ehlathini laseNingizimu mpumalanga yeThailand ngemuva kokushona kwalowo wesilisa izinyanga eziyisithupha ingagcinanga nje kuphela ingxenye ye-duo yasekuseni (ihlala cishe imizuzu engama-20), kodwa futhi neyeduna, imvamisa iqala ekugcineni kwengxenye yowesifazane wokucula.

Ngaphezu kwezimangalo zezwe, izingoma ze-gibbon zisebenzela ukuxhumana: izinkawu ezihola indlela yokuphila ebonakala ngathi iyodwa zihlala zixhumana nezihlobo ezihlala amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka kuzo. Ukuxhumana okugcwele - ama-gibbons asebenzisa inhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yokuhlanganiswa kwemisindo okuyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganiswe nemisho ephelele ukuze kudluliselwe ezihlotsheni zemiyalezo ngezincazelo ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, izixwayiso ngengozi. Izindaba zokubonakala kwe-feline enkulu, izinyoka noma izinyoni zezinyamazane zizwakala ngendlela ehlukile. Okokuqala, ama-alamu enzelwe umndeni, kepha ama-gibboni asendaweni eziseduzane nawo ayaphendula kuwo, akhipha isiqinisekiso ngesitayela esithi "wabona: umhlaseli onjalo" futhi awudlulisele phambili, akha uchungechunge lokudluliswa kwemininingwane. Imiyalezo ayiqukethe imininingwane kuphela ngeqiniso lokuvela komhlaseli nokuthi ungubani, kepha futhi ivela kuluphi uhlangothi.

Ama-Gibbons aphunyuka kalula ezilwaneni ezidla izinyawo, into esemqoka okufanele uyiqaphele ngesikhathi. Ingozi enkulu ibasabisa emoyeni - ezinyoni zezinyamazane - futhi ngesikhathi sokulala kusuka izinyoka nezingwe. Kusinda kuphela futhi kwehla ezihlahleni kuya emhlabathini, ama-Afrika (okungukuthi, ama-orangutan, ngendlela yokuphila, ngezindlela eziningi kwasala igalibhoni eligcwele) igatsha lamakhaya laphoqelelwa ukukhulisa usayizi, ulaka namandla, ukuhlangana abe ngamaqembu akwazi ukwenza izinto futhi abhekane nesitha sisonke , okusho ukuguqula ukulingana komndeni nokunganakwa esakhiweni esiyinkimbinkimbi senhlalo enabantu abaphethe nakho konke okubangelwa yilokhu. Ngaphansi “kokubhanqatheka okuncane kwesiko” kumuntu akulona inkawu eyodwa, kodwa ehlukahlukene.

Umuzwa we-Herning, inkohliso, isihluku, uthando lwamandla, ubuqili - konke lokhu kweza kithi kusuka kokhokho abalandela, futhi ngaphandle kwalezi zimfanelo izinhlobo zethu nezinhlobo zethu zangaphambilini bekungeke kusinde, futhi besingeke sibe yilokho esiyikho - abantu. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, uthando nokuthembeka, ukuhloniphana kanye nokuheha umculo, isidingo sokuzimela nesikhala somuntu siqu akuzona izinto ezenziwa ezikhathini zanamuhla, zingokwangempela futhi kungokwemvelo. Manje yini lapho? Sobabili, :)

Izinto zakamuva ezikulesi sigaba:

Kungenzeka kube nzima kumuntu wasemadolobheni wanamuhla ukucabanga ukuthi e-North North kukhona abantu abalondoloze endulo yabo kuze kube namuhla.

IBeluga yinhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke yomndeni wama-sturgeon, ehlala olwandle lweCaspian, iBlack ne-Azov futhi ubiza ukuthi kusatshalaliswe emifuleni eseduze. At.

Isipho somthengisi onenhlanhla esivela kowesifazane osemncane waseBulgaria uVangelia Pandeva Gushterova, nee Dimitrova, kamuva owabizwa ngeVanga, sabonakaliswa ngenkuthalo.

Zonke izindatshana ezitholakala esizeni zenzelwe ulwazi kuphela.

IGibbon

IGibbon - Lesi yisilo esihle, ngobuhle futhi ngobuqili sivela emndenini waseGibbon. Umndeni uhlanganisa cishe izinhlobo eziyi-16 zanyanga. Ngayinye yazo ihlukile endaweni yayo yokuhlala, izindlela zayo zokudla nokubukeka. Lolu hlobo lwenkawu luyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubukwa, ngoba ziyizilwane ezidlalwa kakhulu nezihlekisayo. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-gibbons ukuhlakanipha komphakathi, hhayi kuphela ngokuhlobene nezihlobo zabo, kodwa futhi maqondana nabamele ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kubantu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubunyoninco buveza ukulungela ukuxhumana kanye nobungani ngokuvula umlomo nokuphakamisa amakhona. Ngakho-ke, kubonakaliswa ukumamatheka okwamukelayo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ama-Gibbon angawezilwane ezilandelanayo, izilwane ezincelisayo, i-oda lesikhathi esedlule, kanye ne-Gibbon subfamily eyabelwe isigaba. Kuze kube manje, imvelaphi yama-gibbons ifundelwa kancane kancane ososayensi ngokuqhathanisa nemvelaphi nokuvela kwezinye izinhlobo zezinduna.

Ukutholwa okwatholakala kudala ukuthi akhona ngesikhathi sePliocene. Idlozi lakudala lama-gibbons anamuhla kwakuyi-yuanmopithecus, eyayikhona eningizimu yeChina cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-7-9 eyedlule. Ngalezi okhokho bahlanganiswa ngokubukeka nangendlela yabo yokuphila. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukwakheka komhlathi akukashintshi kakhulu kuma-gibbons anamuhla.

Ihlala kuphi i-gibbon?

Photo: Gibbon emvelweni

Abamele abahlukahlukene bale nhlobo banendawo yokuhlala ehlukile:

Ama-Gibbons angazizwa ekhululekile impela kunoma yisiphi isifunda. Iningi labantu lihlala emahlathini emvula ashisayo. Ungahlala amahlathi omile. Imindeni yezindlamlenze ihlala ezigodini, ezintabeni noma ezintabeni. Kukhona abantu abangakhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Umndeni ngamunye wezikhulu uhlala endaweni ethile. Indawo ehlala umndeni owodwa ingafinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-200. Ngeshwa, ngaphambi kwendawo yokuhlala ama-gibbons kwakubanzi kakhulu. Namuhla, izazi zezilwane ziphawula ukuncipha konyaka konyaka kwendawo yokusatshalaliswa yozimele. Isidingo sokwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile yezinduna ukuba khona kwezihlahla ezinde.

Manje uyazi lapho ihlala khona igibbon. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Ngabe idlani i-gibbon?

Isithombe: Monkey Gibbon

Ama-Gibbons angabizwa ngokuphephile ngokuthi ngama-omnivorous, njengoba adla ngokudla kokudla kwezitshalo nemvelo. Bayihlolisisa ngokucophelela insimu okuhlalwa kuyo ukuze bathole ukudla okufanele. Ngenxa yokuthi bahlala emqheleni wamahlathi ahlala ezihlala ziluhlaza, bangakwazi ukuzihlinzeka ngokudla unyaka wonke. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, izinkawu zikuthola ukudla kwazo cishe unyaka wonke.

Ngaphezu kwamajikijolo nezithelo ezivuthiwe, izilwane zidinga umthombo wamaprotheni - ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane. Njengokudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane, ama-gibboni adla izibungu, izinambuzane, amabhungane, njll. Kwezinye izikhathi, angazidla ngamaqanda anezinwele, enza izidleke zazo emqheleni wezihlahla ezihlala kuzo izikhulu zokuqala.

Abantu abadala bayaphuma beyofuna ukudla okwenziwe ekuseni ekuseni ngemuva kwendlu yangasese yasekuseni. Abagcini nje ngokudla imifino eluhlaza enomhluzi noma izithelo, bayicofa kahle. Uma izithelo zingakavuthwa, ama-gibbon ayishiya esihlahleni, ayivumele ukuba ivuthwe futhi igcwaliswe ngejusi. Izithelo namaqabunga enkawu kudingidwa ngaphambili, njengezandla.

Ngokwesilinganiso, okungenani amahora angama-3-4 ngosuku abelwa ukusesha nokudla ukudla. Izinkawu azivamile ukukhetha izithelo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuhlafuna ukudla. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu oyedwa omdala udinga ama-kilogramu ama-3-4 wokudla ngosuku.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

I-Gibbons iyizinhlobo zosuku. Ebusuku, baphumula kakhulu, balala phansi emiqhele yezihlahla nomndeni wonke.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izilwane zinendlela ethile yansuku zonke. Bayakwazi ukusabalalisa isikhathi sabo ngendlela yokuthi kwehle ngokufanayo ekudleni, ekuphumuleni, ekuqeqesheni uboya komunye nomunye, ekuzalweni kwenzalo, njll.

Lolu hlobo lwentengo lungabikwa ngokuphepha ngezinkuni. Akuvamile ukuba zihambe ebusweni bomhlaba. Izandulelo zangaphambili zenza ukuba sikwazi ukujuluka ngokuqinile futhi ugxume usuka egatsheni uye kwelinye igatsha. Ubude bokuxhuma okunjalo bufika kumamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokuhamba kwezinkawu ngamakhilomitha ayi-14-16 ngehora.

Umndeni ngamunye uhlala endaweni ethile, egadiwe ngamalungu ayo. Ekuntweleni kokusa, ama-gibbons akhuphuka phezulu esihlahleni futhi acule izingoma zokubhoboza okukhulu, okuwuphawu lokuthi le ndima isivele ihleliwe, futhi akufanelekile ukungena kuyo. Ngemuva kokuphakamisa, izilwane zizibeka ngokulandelana, zenze izinqubo zokugeza.

Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, abantu abanesizungu bangathathwa bangene emndenini, abathi ngenxa yesizathu esithile balahlekelwe yingxenye yabo yesibili, namathole avuthiwe ngokobulili ahlukanisa futhi azakhela imindeni yabo. Ngalezo zimo lapho, ekuqaleni kokuthomba, intsha yayingashiyi umndeni, isizukulwane esidala sibaxosha ngamandla. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kaningi abazali abadala bahlala futhi baqaphe izindawo ezengeziwe lapho izingane zabo zihlala khona kamuva, zidala imindeni.

Ngemuva kokuba izindondo zisuthisiwe, bayajabula ukuya eholidini baye ezidlekeni abazithandayo. Lapho zingalala zingagudli amahora amaningi, zigcwele ilanga. Ngemuva kokudla nokuphumula, izilwane ziqala ukuhlanza uvolo wazo, zona zichitha isikhathi esiningi kuzo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Gibbon Cub

Ngokwemvelo yazo, ama-gibbons ayinto eyodwa. Futhi kujwayelekile ukudala umbhangqwana futhi uhlale kuwo iningi lezimpilo zawo. Babhekwa njengabanakekela kakhulu futhi babahlonipha abazali futhi bakhulisa izingane zabo zize zifinyelele ebusheni futhi zikulungele ukuqala eyabo imindeni.

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-gibbons afinyelela ekukhulelweni ngokwesilinganiso eneminyaka eyi-5-9 yeminyaka, imindeni yawo inabantu bobulili obuhlukile nezizukulwane. Kwezinye izimo, izinkawu ezindala, ezasala zodwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, zingajoyina imindeni enjalo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Imvamisa, ama-primates ahlala enesizungu ngenxa yokuthi ngasizathu simbe alahlekelwa abalingani bawo, futhi ngokuzayo ngeke esakwazi ukudala entsha.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana asibekelwe isikhathi esithile sonyaka. Owesilisa, ofinyelela eminyakeni engama-7-9 ubudala, ukhetha insikazi ayithandayo komunye umndeni, futhi uqala ukubonisa izimpawu zokumnaka. Uma naye ezwelana naye, futhi esekulungele ukuzala izingane, bakhela izithandani.

Kumabhangqwana abunjiwe, njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu, kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Isikhathi sokondla izingane ngobisi lwebele siyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho iminyaka emibili ubudala. Bese kuthi kancane kancane izingane zifunde ukuzimela zizitholele ukudla kwazo.

Izibhedlela ngabazali abakhathalela kakhulu. Inzalo ekhulayo isiza abazali ukuba banakekele amazinyane abo ngokuzalwa aze azimele. Masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa, izingane zinamathela ezinweleni zikamama bese zihamba eziqongweni zezihlahla nalo. Abazali baxhumana namawundlu abo ngezimpawu ezinemisindo nezibonakalayo. Isikhathi sokuphila sama-gibbons asukela eminyakeni engama-24 kuye kwengama-30.

Izitha zemvelo ze-gibbon

Isithombe: IGibbon Yabadala

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-gibbons ayizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu nezisheshayo, futhi ngokwemvelo anikezwe amandla okushesha nokukhwela phezulu izihloko zezihlahla ezinde, namanje azinazo izitha. Abanye abantu abahlala endaweni engokwemvelo yezinduna bayazibulala ngenxa yenyama noma ngenjongo yokufuya inzalo yabo. Minyaka yonke, inani labazingeli abazingela amaGibbon cubs liyakhula.

Esinye isizathu esikhulu sokwehliswa kwenani lezilwane ukubhujiswa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala yemvelo. Izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi emvula zigawulwa ngenhloso yokutshala, umhlaba wezolimo, njll. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane zilahlekelwa ngumuzi wazo nokudla. Ngaphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinto, ama-gibbons anezitha eziningi zemvelo.

Abasesichengeni kakhulu ngamawundlu nokuthi abantu abadala bayagula yini. Imvamisa ama-primates angaba yizisulu zezicabucabu ezinobuthi noma eziyinyoka, ezinkulu kulezi zindawo zokuphamba. Kwezinye izindawo, izimbangela zokufa kwama-gibbons ushintsho olukhulu ezimweni zezulu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-gibbon?

Kuze kube manje, imininingwane eminingi yalo mndeni ihlala ezifundeni zezindawo zemvelo ngamanani anele. Kodwa-ke, ama-gibbons aseBelorussia abhekwa njengasesimweni sokuqothulwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyama yalezi zilwane idliwa emazweni amaningi. Ama-Gibbons avame ukuba inyamazane yezilwane ezinkulu ngokwengeziwe nezisindayo.

Izizwe eziningi ezihlala engxenyeni yezwekazi lase-Afrika zisebenzisa izitho ezahlukahlukene kanye nezitho zomzimba wama-gibbon njengezinto ezingavuthiwe, ngokwesisekelo okwenziwa ngazo imithi ehlukahlukene. Ikakhulu umqubuko uwumbuzo wokugcina inani lalezi zilwane ezifundeni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Ngo-1975, izazi zezilwane zaqopha lezi zilwane. Ngaleso sikhathi, inani labo lalingaba yizigidi ezine. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu kuholela ekutheni unyaka nonyaka abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziningana balahlekelwa amakhaya abo nemithombo yokudla. Mayelana nalokhu, ngisho nanamuhla izazi zezilwane zithi okungenani izinkomba ezine zalezi zilimi zibangela ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuncipha kwenamba. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo yimisebenzi yabantu.

Ukuqapha kweGibbon

Photo: Gibbon kusuka Encwadini Ebomvu

Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lezinhlobo ezithile zamabhisikidi lisemngceleni wokubhujiswa, libhalwe ku-Red Book, banikezwe isimo "sezilwane ezisengozini, noma uhlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa."
Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezifakwe ku-Red Book

• I-Belgsian gibbons
• UKloss Gibbon,
• igolide lesiliva,
• igibbon ehlomile.

Inhlangano Yezizwe Yezokuvikelwa Kwezilwane yathuthukisa isethi yezinyathelo ezizothi, ngokubona kwayo, ezizosiza ukugcina nokukhulisa usayizi wabantu. Ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala lezi zilwane zivinjelwe ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.

Abamele abaningi bezinhlobo ezisengozini yathuthwa bayiswa endaweni yamapaki kazwelonke nasezigcinweni, lapho izazi zezilwane zizama ukudala izimo zikhululekile kakhulu futhi ezamukelekayo zokuba khona kwezixuku. Kodwa-ke, ubunzima bukhona lokuthi ama-gibbons aqaphela kakhulu ekukhetheni abalingani. Ezimweni ezenziwe ngobuciko, bavame ukunganaki omunye komunye, okwenza inqubo yokuzala ibe nzima kakhulu.

Kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi e-Indonesia, ama-gibbons abhekwa njengezilwane ezingcwele eziletha inhlanhla futhi zibonisa impumelelo. Abantu bendawo baqaphela kakhulu lezi zilwane futhi ngazo zonke izindlela bangazama ukungaziphazamisi.

IGibbon - isilwane esihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi esihle. Bangabalingani abayizibonelo nabazali. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamaphutha abantu, ezinye izinhlobo zezinsimbi zisemcimbini wokuqothulwa. Namuhla, isintu sizama ukuthatha izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuzama ukusindisa lezi zinhlobo.