I-Chub noma i-smut noma i-smut - inhlanzi okungeyohlobo lohlobo lokudada, umndeni wama-cyprinid. Le yinhlanzi enamanzi amasha, ubude bawo bomzimba ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-80, futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-8.
I-chub inekhanda elikhulu, lithambile kancane phezulu. Umzimba umbozwe ngezikali ezinkulu. I-chub idla ngo-crayfish osemncane, izinambuzane ezindizayo, amasele nezinye izinhlanzi.
I-chub ihlukile kwezihlobo zayo ngekhanda elinamandla ebunzini elibanzi, ukuma komzimba wesilinda kanye nezikali ezinkulu. Ukukhula okuncane kuvame ukuxutshwa ne-dace, kepha i-chub iyabonakala ekuqaleni kokubona, ngoba inomlomo obanzi. Ubuye abe nombala obubanzi emuva nangemnyama. Kepha, ngokuvamile, kunokufana okuningi phakathi kwe-chub ne-dace, ngakho-ke kungokwalolu hlobo oluvamile. Isici esihlukile, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umzimba we-cylindrical, ukwakheka kwamazinyo we-pharyngeal kanye nenani labo.
I-Chub (squalius cephalus).
I-chub yinhlanzi enhle. Umhlane unombala oluhlaza okotshani, ocishe ube mnyama, kanti izinhlangothi zine-silvery, zinikeza ubukhazikhazi obuncane. Ezinye izikali zinomugqa omnyama ocwebezelayo owenziwe amachashazi amnyama. Amaphiko we-anal ne-ventral abomvu kanti namaphinifa we-pectoral angawolintshi. Feather nomsila dorsal aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amehlo e-chub makhulu, acwebezelayo. Ngokuvamile, i-chub isondele kakhulu ku-ide, kepha umzimba wayo mude kakhulu futhi ebunzini bayo banzi.
Lezi zinhlanzi zingase zibe nokubukeka okuhlukile okuhlukile ngokuya ngeminyaka, indawo yokuhlala kanye nenkathi, lapho abanye abantu becabanga ukuthi lezi yizinhlobo ezihlukile zama-chubs. Kepha wonke umehluko usemgqeni wamabala kuphela nokwakheka kwekhanda.
Lezi zinhlanzi zibanzi impela, zitholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu - zisuka eSpain ziye ezingxenyeni zasempumalanga zezwe lethu. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-chub ayihlali eSiberia kuphela, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ayikho e-Arctic nase-White Sea. Kunoma ikuphi, iningi labantu lihlala enkabeni yeRussia. Kuyivelakancane emikhondweni ephansi yeDon neVolga, futhi kugwema nolwandle ngokuphelele. Kepha ezintabeni zemifudumezana yamaphethelo amaCrimea, i-chub ngenye yezinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu. ETranscaucasia, ngokusobala, esikhundleni se-chub yayo, izihlobo zayo zihlala.
I-chub izama ukungabhukudi emifuleni ngenkambo ehamba kancane, le nhlanzi ithanda imifula esheshayo enamanzi abandayo. Engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yezwe lethu, i-chub itholakala endaweni efanayo ne-trout kanye ne-grayling. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chubs angavame ukutholakala emanzini abandayo, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-cyprinid zingahlali khona, ngaphandle kwe-minnow ne-char.
UChub uyisihlobo sezidumbu.
Emachibini, i-chub iyivelakancane kakhulu, kepha ihlala e-Ilmen, eLake Chukhlovsky futhi akuvamile ukusuka eVolga iye eSeliger. Amachibi ageleza ephansi, lezi zinhlanzi empeleni azihlali, kodwa uma zisahlala lapho, zihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi. Kepha emachibini ungahlangana nama-chubs, uma kunamanzi acacile futhi amasha.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuphila, i-chub ikhula ibe ngosayizi omkhulu; kule nkomba, idlula ne-ide. Isisindo se-chub esijwayelekile Futhi uma kunokudla okuningi, khona-ke i-chub ingafinyelela usayizi omkhulu. Udokotela wezilwane odumile uDombrowski uthe esifundazweni saseKiev wabona umhlambi wezicubu zomzimba, ezinabantu abacishe babe ngama-20, ubude bawo bomzimba bufika kumasentimitha ayi-110, kanti lezi zikhulu zisinde okungenani amakhilogremu angama-20- 24. Ngokunokwenzeka, lesi isisindo singaphezu kwehaba, ngoba abantu abamitha amamitha amaningi, njengomthetho, abanasisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-16.
Ama-Chubs akhula ngokushesha kunama-id. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi iminyaka yabo yokuphila iyiminyaka eyi-18. Futhi, njengoba wazi, izinhlanzi zikhula kuyo yonke impilo, kepha kusuka endaweni ethile ukukhula kwazo kuyehla. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo okunjalo kuhlukanisa ngokusobala izinhlanzi kwezinye izilwane nezilwane. Lesi sici senhlanzi sibaluleke kakhulu kwezokudoba, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu, kubhekwa njengokuzuzisa kakhulu ukulima kwemfuyo nezinkukhu. Kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela kwezokudoba echibini lamachibi, ngoba izinhlanzi azifuywanga ngemifula emifuleni.
I-chub inekhanda elikhulu kunalokho.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ama-chubs akhetha imifula emikhulu yokuhamba. Lezi zinhlanzi zigwema imifula ene-silt phansi nodaka, ihlala kuphela lapho phansi kunamadwala noma udaka. Kepha umbono, kunalokho, uhlala phansi odakeni. Ngakho-ke, umthetho uyasebenza - lapho kutholakala khona inani elikhulu lobunikazi, ngeke kube nezinqwaba eziningi. Ngakho-ke, yize lezi zinhlanzi zihlobene, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo. Isibonelo, esisekelweni soMfula iMoscow kunama-chubs amaningi kunawomazisi, kodwa enkabeni ephakathi kukhona ama-id angaphezulu kwezihlandlo eziyishumi.
Endleleni yokuphila phakathi kwama-chubs nama-trout, kunokufana okuningi. Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda imisele yamatshe enhlabathi kanye namarway amatshe anegeyimu enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lama-chubs lihlala ngaphansi kwezihlahla zomvini, ngaphansi kwenundu elimnyama ne-alder, ngoba kunezinambuzane eziningi. Ezindlini ezingemuva ezinama-bottoms otshani, ama-chubs aqabukela kakhulu.
Noma entwasahlobo, lezi zinhlanzi aziphumi esiteshini, kodwa zibambelele emihlangeni lapho ziphuma khona. Kulokhu, ama-chubs awekho echibini lamachibi, lapho ama-id, izindunduma, i-carp ejwayelekile kanye ne-pike kutholakala khona ngobuningi.
NgoFebhuwari, lapho kuqala amathanga okuqala, lezi zinhlanzi zivuka usayizi lapho zazivela ekwindla. Zivela emigodini ejulile ziye ezindaweni ezincane kanye nokufika kwamanzi, ziqale ukubhukuda ngokugeleza bese zingena eziteshini ezincane. Ukunyakaza okunjalo entwasahlobo yama-chubs kwenziwa emaphaketheni aqukethe abantu abalingana nobudala obufanayo. Le mhlambi miningi noma incane, konke kuya ngendawo, kepha ayikabi mikhulu njengemihlambi yezazi noma yamakhanda.
Chub on the hook.
Ama-Chubs aqala ukuvela kakade ngonyaka we-3, enesisindo somzimba esingama-gramu ayi-200. Kepha le nkomba ithinteka ngobuningi bokuphakelayo.
Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa beminyaka efanayo. EMfuleni iMoscow, izinsikazi ezine-caviar zinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-400 amagremu. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu baqala ukuhlakazeka, kanti abancane kakhulu bayaphela. Ngokunokwenzeka, izinsikazi zincane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ama-Chubs ahlala abeka amaqanda awo ezigobeni ezingashoni ezinezisekelo zamadwala nesamandla aqinile.
ENingizimu yezwe lethu, ukusatshalaliswa kumabhisikhi kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Maphakathi nezwe, lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Kepha izimo zezulu zithinta isikhathi sokuchitha.
Njengomthetho, i-chub ibeka amaqanda cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kwe-ide, lapho inani lamanzi lenyuka futhi liba lula. Emifuleni emikhulu, ngokwesibonelo, kwiVolga nase-Oka, lezi zinhlanzi zingenakwenzeka ukuba zivele; Ngale njongo, izinhlanzi zisebenzisa amashaneli amancane.
Ukugqashuka kwasekuqaleni kwamabhodlela eMfuleni iMoscow kwaqoshwa ngonyaka we-1890. Kulo nyaka, ama-chubs ane-caviar abanjwe kakade ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kepha abesilisa abanobisi abanesisindo esingama-gramu angama-200 babanjwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ukusuka lapho kulandela ukuthi isikhathi sokuhluma sahlala izinyanga ezingaba ngu-2. Lokhu kufakazelwa nawukuthi ngoSepthemba ungatholana nama-chubs amancane ngamasentimitha ayi-13 ubude nabanye - cishe ngamasentimitha amane. Ukukhula kwesibili kwesiphetho esilandelayo. Ama-chubs amancane ayisihlobo sokuqala sabantu abasha. Esikhathini esiningi, aziphili kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ngoba ekwindla zibhujiswa ngokungenankathalo izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidlayo.
I-Chub - inhlanzi enamanzi amasha.
I-Chub roe inombala we-orange, futhi usayizi uyafana nembewu ye-poppy. Okungukuthi, umbala nosayizi we-chub caviar kuhluke kakhulu kunakwamanye ama-cyprinid. Owesifazane onesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-600 wabala amaqanda acishe abe yinkulungwane, kulandela ukuthi izinsikazi ezinkulu zingaba nesigidi esingaphezu kwesigidi. Okusho ukuthi, i-chub ingenye yezinhlanzi ezanda kakhulu.
Lapho kunamabhisikidi ambalwa ezindaweni ezithile, futhi aphansi kakhulu ngamanani ku-carp, roach kanye ne-bream, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-caviar yamanje, ithwala i-caviar, futhi ayinaso isikhathi sokufaka umquba futhi inamathele ematsheni nezinye izinto ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi le-caviar lidliwa yizinhlanzi. Emifuleni enensimbi engenamandla kangako, kunobisi oluningi kangangokuba amanzi aphenduka abe mhlophe. Ukwehla komhlambi ngamunye akuthathi isikhathi esiningi, kuzohlala amahora ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka kakhulu, abesilisa abadedeli ubisi ngokulandelana, kodwa konke ngasikhathi sinye.
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