Izinhlanzi zeZebra, i-red lionfish, futhi iyi-zebra lionfish, futhi nayo idemon yasolwandle, futhi konke lokhu kuyizinhlobo eyodwa zezinhlanzi ezingowomndeni wakwaScorpenov, kufaka no-23 genera. Izinhlobo zemvelo zibala ngaphezu kwe-170.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zihlala olwandle olunamanzi afudumele. Zitholakala emgodini we-Pacific, Indian, Atlantic Ocean. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi zihlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Mhlawumbe yingakho lapho umuntu ezwa ngale nhlanzi, izinhlaka zombukiso omuhle ohlonishwayo, ogama lawo yiGreat Barrier Reef, uvele ngaphambi kokubuka kwakhe.
Lezi zinhlanzi, ngokungangabazeki, zithanda amanzi olwandle, noma kunjalo, azitholakali emizimbeni yamanzi entsha noma ebrown. Impilo ijulile izinhlanzi ze-zebra ithanda izindawo ezigudle ugu, eduze kwamadwala neziphethu ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Bonke abamele umndeni wakwaSkorpenov babonakala ngomzimba omkhulu, ubukhulu bawo bungasukela kumamilimitha angama-40 kuye kumamitha. Umbala wezinhlanzi nosayizi kuya ngokuya ngobubanzi.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zinesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Ikhanda limbozwe izinqubo eziningi prickly etholakala emaphethelweni, futhi amehlo makhulu futhi aqhakaze. Amawele anesakhiwo esithandekayo.
I-Fin etholakala ngemuva ihlukaniswe izingxenye, kukhona ezimbili zazo: ingxenye yangaphambili inamachaphaza ngezinqubo ezinde eziqinile ezikhumbuza imisebe. Amaphiko athuthukiswe kakhulu, futhi ubukhulu kanye nosayizi kufana nezimpiko zezinyoni. Kumathiphu emisebe enjalo eyingqayizivele kukhona izindlala ezinobuthi.
Ukuvela kwe-lionfish kuyathakazelisa futhi kuhlukahluka kangangokuba ungakhuluma ngakho okungapheli. Umbala ofana nemicu ye-zebra uvela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zalo mndeni futhi, mhlawumbe, ngakho-ke igama libhubesi kuzwakala sengathi izinhlanzi ze-zebra. Sikukhumbuza ukuthi leli gama alikho emthethweni, okungukuthi, isiteketiso esinikezwe abantu.
Umbala wezinhlanzi nge-motley ngokwemvelo wanikezwa isizathu, ngakho-ke i-lionfish ixwayisa izitha zayo ukuthi ukuhlangana nayo kuba nengozi empilweni yabo. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sezimbotshana zamakhorali, kuvame ukwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlanzi ze-zebra ezinemibala ehlukahlukene ye-hue ebomvu, e-brown ngokuhlanganiswa nemivimbo emhlophe namabala. Okungaphansi kakhulu okuvame ukubonwa yi-lionfish ephuzi.
Uma ubheka zebra fish izithombe, lapho-ke ungabala inhlanganisela yemibala eminingi ehlukene futhi akukho neyodwa yazo, ngokunokwenzeka, ephindaphindwe ngqo. Uxolo, siphazamisekile kancane esakhiweni.
Ngakho-ke, umzimba wale nhlanzi, ubude bawo ubude bawo, uncishwa kancane futhi uthambile kusukela emaceleni. Umhlane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umugqa omncane, kepha ingxenye yangaphambili yobuhle bolwandle inkulu, futhi iya phambili iya phambili. Kule ngxenye, ungakwazi ukwahlukanisa kahle ukucaca okucacile kwezindebe ezinkulu.
Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-zebra zinezinaliti eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ezigcwele ubuthi, iningi lazo, okuyishumi nantathu, zitholakala ngemuva, ezintathu zivela engxenyeni yesisu, kanti ezimbili ezisele zitholakala ngokuqondakalayo emsileni.
Ukwakheka kwenaliti kuyathakazelisa - imisele ihamba lonke ubude, kufanele kuthiwe ijule impela, futhi kuzo kukhona izindlala ezihlanganisiwe ezinobuthi, zimbozwe ungqimba lwesikhumba esincanyana. Umthamo wobuthi obukhishwe ngenalithi eyodwa awubulalanga, kepha-ke, kusukela ekubukeni kwengozi, ubuthi bezinhlanzi bubi kakhulu ukwedlula nezinto ezinobuthi bezinyoka ngakho-ke, lapho izinaliti eziningana zibhoboza umzimba wesisulu ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu kungaholela ekufeni.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
ILionfish ihola indlela yokuphila. Cishe sonke isikhathi ulala phansi, ujikisa isisu sakhe phezulu futhi akahambi nhlobo. Uthanda ukuzishintshela e-crevice ejulile ngemini ebanzi futhi uchithe usuku lonke lapho ukuze kungabikho muntu omphazamisayo ekuphumuleni kosuku.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra "ziyaphila" ngokuqala kobusuku, ngoba ungumzingeli wasebusuku ngokwemvelo. Evula umlomo wakhe omkhulu, inhlanzi idonsa emfudlaneni wamanzi kanye nalokho elikukhethayo njengesidlo sakusihlwa. Isisulu kwesinye isikhathi ngeke sikubone, ngoba ngemuva kwesizinda sezidwaba ezinemibala kunzima kakhulu ukuqaphela inhlanzi.
Bheka isithombekuphi izinhlanzi ze-zebra isekela ngemuva kwesizinda sezibaya ezingaphansi kwamanzi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ifana nesihlahla esincane esihle esingaphansi kwamanzi. Yikhono lokuzifihla ngokwalo eliba yingozi kumuntu ojule ngokujula, ngoba umuntu akakwazi ukwahlukanisa izinhlanzi ezinobuthi phakathi kwendawo ehlukile yolwandle.
Kungaba ukungalungi ukubiza ibhubesi lengonyama, ngoba uma kwenzeka lihlaselwa alisoze labuya esitha. Uzohlala ekhombisa ukuhlaselwa, ajike, isikhathi ngasinye abuyele esitha, ngenkathi ezama ukudalula izikhali zakhe ezibulalayo ukuze isitha sikhubeke ngenaliti ezinobuthi.
Kuyajabulisa ukubona ukuhamba kwenhlanzi lapho ihlasela. Kwethulwa ngendlela ethokozisayo e ividiyokuphi izinhlanzi ze-zebra usanda kufakwa endimeni yeqhawe elihlasela isisulu salo.
Ukujova kwesigaxa esinobuthi ngokwezindaba zezisulu kubuhlungu kakhulu. Ukusuka ebuhlungwini kumuntu, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-pain shock kuvame ukwenzeka. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ekujuleni okuhloniphekile, futhi akekho oseceleni kwe-diver, khona-ke lokhu kungaphenduka inhlekelele kuye.
Umuntu umane nje akanaso isikhathi sokubheka phezulu aze athuke, futhi, uyafa. Kuliqiniso, kulabo abathole umthamo obulala ubuthi, kepha bekwazile ukufika ogwini, umjovo obangelwa yizinhlanzi ezidliwayo ungadala i-necrosis yezicubu ezithintekayo, futhi lokhu, kungaholela ebubini.
Ngokulungile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi azikho izitha eziningi kakhulu nge-lionfish. Abaphenyi bolwandle olujulile nezakhamuzi zalo baphikisana nokuthi izinsalela zezinhlanzi zitholakala kuphela esiswini samaqembu amakhulu akhethekile avela emndenini weS Stone perch.
Intengo kuvuliwe izinhlanzi ze-zebra kuhlukahluka njalo kuya ngosayizi womuntu kanye nombala wawo. Isibonelo, ibhubesi elincane elimnyama lizobiza i-amateur esifundeni kuze kufinyelele kuma-ruble ayinkulungwane, kwesinye isikhathi okuncane, ongeke wakuvuma kakhulu.
A izinhlanzi ze-zebra eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lilonke, lingathengwa ngama-ruble angama-200, inqobo nje uma ubungako bawo bungeke bube ngaphezulu kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi i-lionfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enemigqa eqonde phezulu ye-hue emnyama ngaphambili ibigcinwe kuma-aquariums futhi lokhu kucishe kube ukuphela kwesimo esingatholakala ekhaya.
Namuhla konke sekuguqukile futhi manje izinhlanzi ze-aquarium zebra emakethe noma esitolo sezilwane ungathenga noma yimuphi umbala ongafanele. UGolide, obomvu, one-tint owolintshi nezinye izinhlobo athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli.
Ngemininingwane: Ukudonswa kwe-aquarium ngokugcina le nhlanzi kufanele kukhethwe ngaphakathi kwamalitha angama-300. Lapho uhlanza i-aquarium, ngaso sonke isikhathi qiniseka ukuthi ibhubesi le-lionfish liyabonakala. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze angakwazi ukugoba ngokungenamsoco ukucwilisa iva.
Iziphakamiso zokugcinwa kuthunjiwe: kufanele ugcine izinhlanzi ze-zebra ngokwahlukile kwezinye izakhamizi zabameleli bokuhlobisa bento yamanzi, ngoba njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, akuwona umusa omkhulu.
Abesilisa bahlala bavikela impahla yabo yendawo futhi ngenxa yalokho bahlala bexabana. Inketho efanelekayo yokugcina izinsikazi ezingama-2-3 ezimele ingxenye yesilisa eyodwa. Lapho izinhlanzi zijwayela izinhlobo ezingamaqhwa zokudla nekhwalithi yamanzi efanele, okuqukethwe kwe-lionfish akubangeli izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi zeZebra
Njengoba lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lubhekwa njenge-benthic, londla ikakhulu ngezinhlanzi ezincane nama-crustaceans. Lapho esekuthunjweni, inhlanzi ye-zebra ivumelana kalula nokudla okusha futhi ayenqabanga ukunambitha ama-guppies, futhi uma umnikazi engamfaki ngokudla okuphilayo, ngeke akhethe futhi adle lokho akunikezwa kona, ngokwesibonelo, ukudliwa kwenhlanzi eqandisiwe. Udinga ukondla i-lionfish zonke ezinye izinsuku.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Unyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa, izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi. Futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho akunzima khona ukuthola ubulili benhlanzi.
Kwabesilisa, ngokwesibonelo, lapho beneminyaka eyodwa ubudala, umzimba omkhulu wakheka onobuningi obukhulu obukhomba phambili. Futhi kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-anal fin, abesilisa banebala lewolintshi elinabantu abakhona, abesifazane abakhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bahlala benombala ogqamile ngokwengeziwe.
Inqubo yokuqomisana, empeleni, njengesikhathi sokukhipha inhlanzi, iqala ngokuqala kobusuku. Lapho nje ilanga selishonile, abesilisa balinda cishe elinye isigamu sehora bese beqala ukuhogela abakhethiweyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ze-lionfish zakha ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhluma.
Ukuhlangana kwenzeka nsuku zonke isonto. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa banolaka olukhulu futhi izimpi phakathi kwabo ziyaqhubeka. Ngeke bazisole ngesikhathi sokuzalela kanye ne-diver, ngephutha abaseduze kwabesilisa abanjengempi ngesikhathi sokuthandana.
I-Caviar ngesikhathi sokuqhuma ikhishwa yizinhlanzi izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye ngayinye ifakwe ngokwahlukile kulwelwesi olukhethekile lwe-mucous, olubizwa nge-matrix. I-matrix inesimo sebhola kububanzi obuguqukayo bamasentimitha ayi-5.
Amaqanda angangena ocingweni olunjalo ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, kepha-ke, ngokuvamile isibalo sikhulu kakhulu aze afike ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-20. I-mucous sac pops ivele phezulu lapho iqhekezwe khona, ngenxa yalokho amaqanda akhishwa.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokuphila, ngeshwa, ku-vivo leli qiniso alaziwa. Kepha e-aquarium, ngokwesilinganiso, abamele izinhlanzi ze-zebra, ngokwesilinganiso, bangajabulisa abanikazi beminyaka engu-15 ngobukhona babo, bese beshiya lomhlaba.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ngaphansi kwesigaba sangaphambilini sohlobo lwe-lionfish, abacwaningi bakhomba izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezifana nePterois volitans, kodwa ngamamayela wePterois kuphela athola ukuqinisekiswa okunamandla njengohlobo olufanayo.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyi-10 kuhlobo lwePterois, okungukuthi:
- P. andover,
- P. antennata - Antenna Lionfish,
- P. brevipectoralis,
- P. lunulata,
- Amamayela angu-P. - Indian Lionfish,
- P. mombasae - Mombasa Lionfish,
- I-radiata - iRadial Lionfish,
- P. russelii,
- P. sphex,
- Ama-volitans - iLionfish.
Ividiyo: ILionfish
Ngokuhlola amasampula kuyo yonke indawo yase-Indo-Pacific, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezisele zingaqashelwa njengamamayela angama-P. olwandle i-Indian Ocean njengama-vol volans asentshonalanga naseningizimu-maphakathi nePacific Ocean kanye ne-Western Australia.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ama-volitans ama-P. kungenye yezinhlanzi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Alikho elinye izwe, ngaphandle kwe-United States kanye neCaribbean, akubheka njengohlobo oluhlaselayo. Ngisho nase-USA, ingenye yezinhlanzi zasolwandle eziyishumi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingeniswe ezweni.
Muva nje, sekutholakele ukuthi uhla lwe-lionfish lufinyelela eSumatra, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlobo ezihlukile zezilwane. Igebe elikhona phakathi kwalezi zifundo, elingaphezu kwamashumi amabili eminyaka, lingasenza sicabange ukuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izingonyama zebele ziyandisile uhla lwazo ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo. Inani lemisebe ethambile emafini livame ukusetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezifanayo.
Umsebenzi wakamuva wezakhi zofuzo ukhombisile ukuthi inani le-Atlantic lionfish liqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-volitans ama-P. ngenani elincane lamamayela ayi-P.. Njengoba, njengenhlanzi enobuthi, ibhubesi le-lionfish libhekwa njengelingahlaseli ngokwencazelo ngenxa yempembelelo yalo engaba khona emiphakathini yenhlanzi yasendaweni yezinhlanzi kanye nasempilweni yabantu.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ibukeka kanjani ibhubesi le-lionfish
ILionfish (Pterois) - uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngama-ray zomndeni wakwaScorpion (Scorpaenidae). Bahlukaniswa ngama-cirrus fins amade, iphethini elinesibindi nokuziphatha okungaphezu kokuvamile. Abantu abadala bafika kubude obungama-43 cm futhi banesisindo esilingana ne-1,1 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlaselayo bahlasela ngaphezulu. Njengazo ezinye izinhlanzi zesibazi, ibhubesi elinamaphiko amakhulu e-cirrus aphuma emzimbeni ngesimo sesibambo sebhubesi. Ukuhanjiswa okunamandla ekhanda nemikhaza enobuthi emgqonyeni wamanzi, ama-anal ne-pelvic fins kwenza izinhlanzi zingafiseleki kakhulu kulabo abazingelayo.
Imibukiso eminingi enamakhanda ekhanda ingalingisa ukukhula kwe-algae, ifihla inhlanzi nomlomo wayo ohlanjeni. ILionfish inamazinyo amancane amancane emihlathini nasengxenyeni engaphezulu yomlomo, ehunyushelwe ekubambeni nasekubambeni inyamazane. Umbala uyahlukahluka, ngokuba i-lionfish iboniswa imivimbo ebheke ngokuqondile mpo obomvu, obomvu noma onsundu, ngokushintshana ngemivimbo emhlophe noma ephuzi ebanzi. Izimbambo ziyibala.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ebantwini, ubuthi be-lionfish bubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuvuvukala. Izimpawu ezinkulu zesistimu nazo zingavela, njengokucindezela kokuphefumula, Ubuhlungu besisu, ukugoba kanye nokuphelelwa yimizwa. Ukugwazwa kwenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akuvamile ukubulala, yize abanye abantu bethambekele ebulilini bayo kunabanye.
ILionfish inemisebe engu-dorsal enobuthi engu-13, imisebe engu-9 dorsal soft kanye nama-ray angama-14 amade, anjengempaphe. I-anal fin inezinsimbi ezi-3 nemisebe engu-6-7. ILionfish inesikhathi sokuphila seminyaka eyi-10-15. ILionfish ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-aquarium. Unekhanda nemibala emuhle kahle enemibala ebomvu, emibalabala yegolide noma imhlophe imhlophe inwebeka ngemuva ngemuva. Umbala ungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, izinhlobo zasogwini zivame ukubukeka zimnyama, kwesinye isikhathi cishe zimnyama.
Ihlala kuphi i-lionfish?
Isithombe: ILionfish
Indawo yendabuko ye-lionfish yingxenye esentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi lwePacific nengxenye esempumalanga yoLwandlekazi i-Indian. Zitholakala endaweni ephakathi koLwandle Olubomvu neSumatra. Amasampula ama-volitans e-P. aqoqiwe eShararm El Sheikh, eGibhithe naseGulf of Aqaba, Israel, kanye eduze nesiqhingi sase-Inhaka, eMozambiki. Indawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile ye-lionfish ichazwa njengezixhobo zamakhorali ezingasogwini ngokujula kwamamitha angama-50. Nokho, endaweni yazo yemvelo nawo avela emanzini asogwini nasezixekweni, ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu buqapheleka emanzini asogwini. Abadala abakhulu babonwa ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300 olwandle oluvulekile.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweLionfish kubuye kudlule indawo enkulu kusuka entshonalanga ye-Australia neMalaysia empumalanga kuya eFrance Polynesia naseziQhingini zasePitcairn, kusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu yeJapan naseNingizimu Korea naseNingizimu ningizimu kuya e-Lord Howe Island ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia naseziQhingini zaseKermadek eNew Zealand. Lolu hlobo lutholakala kuyo yonke iMicronesia. ILionfish ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezibambo, kepha futhi iyatholakala emanzini olwandle afudumele asendaweni eshisayo. Zijwayele ukuzulazula emadwaleni nasemakhorweni ebusuku futhi zifihle emihumeni nasemifantwini emini.
Ububanzi obusetshenzisiwe buhlanganisa iningi leCaribbean nengxenye eseningizimu yogu olusempumalanga lwase-US. ILionfish yazithola isemanzini asogwini lwe-Key Biscayne, eFlorida, lapho i-aquarium yendawo ibhidlika phakathi kweSiphepho u-Andrew ngo-1991. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa ngamabomu kwezilwane ezifuywayo ngamabomu kwafaka umthelela ekwandeni kwabantu baseFlorida abahlaselayo, esivele inemiphumela yokuphilayo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi itholakala kuphi ibhubesi le-lionfish. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zihlala esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific. Sisatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Australia naseMalaysia esiqhingini saseMarquesas nase-Oeno, enyakatho eseningizimu neJapan naseNingizimu Korea, kubandakanya neSouth Lord Howe, Kermadek kanye neSouth Island.
I-Zebra Fish (i-Pterois volitans)
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zangena echibini lolwandle eduze neFlorida lapho kubhujiswa i-aquarium yama-reef phakathi kweSiphepho u-Andrew ngo-1992. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlanzi zidedelwa olwandle ngamathuba noma ngabantu ngamabomu. Yimiphi imiphumela yemvelo yalokhu kwethulwa okungalindelekile kwezinhlanzi ze-zebra ezimweni ezintsha, akekho ongabikezela.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Izinhlanzi ze-Zebra ngokuyinhloko zihlala phakathi kwezixhobo, kepha zibhukuda emanzini afudumele, olwandle lwethropiki. Zivame ukuzulazula emaweni nasemifantwini yamakhorali ebusuku futhi zifihla emihumeni nasemifantwini yosuku lonke.
Izinhlanzi ze-Zebra - izinhlanzi ze-aquarium
Ngabe kudlani i-lionfish?
Isithombe: ILionfish
ILionfish ingenye yamazinga aphakeme kakhulu weqoqo lokudla ezindaweni eziningi zamakhorali olwandle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi zidla kakhulu ama-crustaceans (kanye namanye ama-invertebrates) nezinhlanzi ezincane, ezibandakanya ukuthosi kwezinhlobo zazo. ILionfish idla isilinganiso sobukhulu bezikhathi ezingama-8.2 isisindo sayo. Fry wabo udla u-5.5-13,5 g ngosuku, kanye nabantu abadala 14.6 g.
Ukushona kwelanga yisikhathi esihle sokuqala ukondla, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho umsebenzi wamakhorali eba phezulu kakhulu. Lapho ilanga selishonile, izinhlanzi nama-invertebrates baya endaweni yokuphumula yasebusuku, futhi zonke izinhlanzi zasebusuku ziyaphuma ukuyozingela. ILionfish ayitshali amandla amaningi ukuze ibambe inyamazane yazo. Bavele babhebhezele ixhaphozi, futhi izakhamuzi zamakhorali ngokwazo zithunyelwa kumhlaseli ongabonakali. Ukuhamba kancane, i-lionfish ivula imisebe ye-pectoral ukufihla ukuhamba kwe-caudal fin. Lokhu kuvikela kanye nombala ongaqondakali wesilwane esihlaselayo kusebenza njengokuzifihla futhi kuvimbele ukutholwa kwaso ngokuhlaselwa okungahle kube khona.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Yize iphethini elimibalabala le-lionfish libonakala futhi litholakala kalula e-aquarium, edwaleni lamakhorali leli phethini enemibala ivumela izinhlanzi ukuba zihlangane nesizinda samagatsha we-coral, izinkanyezi zezimpaphe kanye nama-urchins olwandle.
I-lionfish ihlasela ngokunyakaza okukodwa okusheshayo futhi inyathele ngokuphelele emlonyeni wayo. Ubuye azingele eduze kwamanzi esebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene. Inhlanzi ilinda ekujuleni kuka-20-30 cm, ibukele ukuthi izikole ezincane zezinhlanzi ziphuma kanjani emanzini, zizama ukuphunyula kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Lapho ziphonsela emanzini, i-lionfish isilungele ukuhlasela.
I-Lionfish inyamazane ku:
- inhlanzi encane (ngaphansi kuka-10 cm),
- crustaceans
- imfanzi
- imifantu emincane namanye ama-invertebrates.
Inhlanzi izingela yodwa, isondela kancane kancane inyamazane yayo, ekugcineni ibambe ngokuhlasela kombani ngokuchofoza kwemihlathi yayo futhi igwinye lonke. Ngokuvamile, i-lionfish idla izinhlanzi eziningi lapho ukudla kuningi, bese ibulawa yindlala lapho ukudla kunqabile.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenhlanzi ye-zebra.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zinekhanda nomzimba ochazwe kahle, ezinemivimbo ebomvu noma yegolide nsundu egcwele ngemuva ophuzi. Amachaphaza amachashaza futhi ahlangene anemigqa emnyama yamabala ngemuva.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zihlukaniswa kwezinye izifebe ngokuba khona kwezikhala ezingama-13 kunezi-12 ezinobuthi, futhi zibe nemisebe emide eyi-14, efana nezimpaphe. I-anal fin nge-3 spikes nemisebe engu-6-7. Izinhlanzi zeZebra zingakhula zibe nobude obungamasentimitha angama-38. Ezinye izici zokubukeka kwangaphandle zifaka phakathi amabala ama-bony anweba ngasohlangothini lwekhanda namaphethelo, ukumboza ingxenye yamehlo kanye nokuvuleka kwempumulo. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo womabili, ukuphuma okuyisipesheli kuyabonakala - "ama-tentacle".
Ukuzalela izinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinhlanzi ze-zebra zibuthana ezikoleni ezincane zezinhlanzi ezi-3-8. Lapho izinhlanzi ze-zebra sezikulungele ukuzalaniswa, umehluko wangaphandle uyabonakala phakathi kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile.
Umbala wesilisa uba mnyama futhi ufana ngokwengeziwe, imivimbo ayisho kanjalo.
Abesifazane bayabungena ngesikhathi sokuhlanza. Isisu sabo, isifunda somlomo kanye nomlomo sithola umbala omhlophe-wesiliva. Ngakho-ke, owesilisa uthola kalula abesifazane ebumnyameni. Ishona phansi bese ilele eceleni kwesikazi, isekele umzimba ngamaphiko we-ventral. Ube esechaza imibuthano ezungeze insikazi, inyukele ebusweni bamanzi ngemuva kwakhe. Ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka, amaphiko wesifazane wepectoral ayaqhaqhazela. Umusi ungahamba wehle futhi ukhuphuke emanzini amahlandla amaningi ngaphambi kokuqhuma. Ngemuva kwalokho owesimame ukhipha amashubhu amabili angenalutho anama-mucus agobhoza ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-15, la mapayipi agcwaliswa ngamanzi futhi aba amabhola okusaqanda kusuka kububanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-5 cm. Kulawa amabhola we-mucous alele ezingqekweni zamaqanda ezi-1-2. Inani lamaqanda lisuka ku-2000 liya ku-15000. Owesilisa ukhipha uketshezi oludonsa ngaphakathi, olungena emaqanda, aluvundise.
Amahora ayishumi nambili emva kokukhulelwa, imibungu iqala ukwakha. Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-18, ikhanda liyabonakala, bese kuthi amahora angama-36 emva kokukhulelwa, kuqale uFry. Eminyakeni emine yezinsuku, izibungu zibhukuda kahle futhi zidla ama-ciliates amancane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: ILionfish Zebra
Lezi zinhlanzi ezihamba nobusuku zihamba ebumnyameni, zihamba kancane njengamakhandlela athambile amachaphaza amachashaza amnyama namazinyo. Yize iningi lokondla i-lionfish kuqediwe phakathi nehora lokuqala lobusuku, ayaqhubeka nokuba sendlini kuze kube semini. Lapho ilanga liphuma, inhlanzi ibuyela ezindaweni ezifihliwe phakathi kwamakhorali namatshe.
ILionfish eneminyaka engu-fry naphakathi kokukhula ihlala ngamaqembu amancane. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi sezimpilo zabo ezindala, banesizungu futhi bazovikela ubudlova babo ngobudlova kwabanye abantu bohlobo olufanayo noma oluhlukile besebenzisa ubuthi babo obunobuthi.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ubuhlungu obuvela ekulimeni kwe-lionfish eyethwe kumuntu buhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi bubangele ukuhlupheka, ukujuluka nokufushane komoya. Ubufakazi bobuchwepheshe bukhombisa ukuthi umuthi wokuphikisana nawo unomphumela wokudambisa ubuthi be-lionfish.
Ngesikhathi sokuphola, abesilisa banolaka ikakhulukazi. Lapho omunye umuntu wesilisa ehlasela insimu yalowo wesilisa egcoba insikazi, umnikazi ojabulayo usondela kumhlaseli enamaphiko awo ahlukane. Ngemuva kwalokho ubhukuda abuyele phambi komhlaseli, aveza ubuthi be-dorsal spores phambili. Iduna elinolaka liba mnyama ngombala liqondise kumaphiko alo anobuthi obunobuthi obuthile komunye umuntu, osonga amaphiko we-pectoral bese ebhukuda ahambe.
Izici zokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra ziyizinhlanzi ezihamba ebusuku ezihamba ebumnyameni ngosizo lokuhamba kancane okufana nokuhamba kwamagagasi omgodi nasemahlathini. Yize bondla ikakhulukazi kuze kube sekuseni, kwesinye isikhathi badla ntambama. Ekuntweleni kokusa, izinhlanzi ze-zebra zifihla ezindaweni zokukhosela phakathi kwamakhorali namatshe.
Izinhlanzi zihlala ngamaqembu amancane eneminyaka engu-fry naphakathi kokuzalela.
Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi sezimpilo zabo, izinhlanzi ezindala zingabantu bebodwa futhi zivikela indawo yazo kwezinye izidlozi nezinhlanzi zezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo zisebenzisa izinzipho ezinobuthi emhlane wazo. Izinhlanzi ze-zebra zesilisa zinolaka kakhulu kunezinsikazi. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa, lapho kuvela isitha, usondela kulowo ongenile ngamaphiko ahlukane. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokucasuka, ubhukuda emuva naphambili, eveza ubuthi obunobuthi emhlane wakhe phambi kwesitha. Lapho umgadli esondela, ameva ayaqhaqhazela, ikhanda liyanyakaziswa, kuthi owesilisa azame ukuluma ikhanda lomuntu ongenile. Lokhu kulunywa ngokhahlo kungakhumula izingxenye zomzimba ezitheni, ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu okonile uvame ukukhubeka ngemikhonto ebukhali.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: ILionfish olwandle
ILionfish inamakhono amakhulu okuzala. Bafinyelela ekuthangeni esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka bese unyaka wonke bephuma emanzini afudumele. Kungaleso sikhathi sokuthandana kuphela lapho ibhubesi libumba khona amaqembu nabanye abantu balezi zinhlobo. Owesilisa oyedwa uhlangana nezinsikazi eziningana, akha amaqembu ezinhlanzi ezi-3-8. Izinsikazi zakha amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 kuye kwangama-30 ngebhendi ngayinye, ngakho inhlanzi eyodwa emanzini afudumele ingakhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela kwizigidi ezimbili ngonyaka.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lapho i-lionfish isilungele ukuzalaniswa, ukungezwani ngokomzimba phakathi kobulili kuba sobala. Abesilisa baba mnyama futhi babe nombala ofanayo (imivimbo yabo ayibonakali kangako). Izinsikazi ezinamaqanda avuthiwe, kunalokho, ziba yi-paler. Isisu sabo, isifunda somlomo kanye nomlomo siba mhlophe ngesiliva.
Ukuqomisana kuqala ngaphambi kobumnyama futhi kuhlale kuqalwa owesilisa. Ngemuva kokuthi owesilisa athole owesifazana, ulala eduze kwakhe phezu kwesakhiwo bese ebheka ebusweni bamanzi, aphumule kumaphiko we-ventral. Ngemuva kwalokho uzungeza insikazi futhi ngemuva kokudlula imibuthano eminingana, asukume afike ebusweni bamanzi, bese insikazi imlandela. Lapho ekhuphuka, amaphiko abesifazane pectoral ethuthumela. Umusi ungaya phansi ukhuphuke kaningana. Ekukhuphukeni kokugcina, umusi ubhukuda ngqo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho owesimame ukhipha i-caviar.
Amaqanda aqukethe amashubhu amabili angenalutho angama-mucous atholakala ngaphansi komhlaba ngemuva kokukhululwa. Ngemuva kwemizuzu ecishe ibe ngu-15, la mashubhu agcwaliswa ngamanzi olwandle futhi abe amabhola e-oval anesilinganiso esingu-2 kuya ku-5 cm. Ngaphakathi kwale amabhola e-mucous kukhona izingqimba zamaqanda angama-1-2. Inani lamaqanda ebholeni liyahlukahluka kusuka ngonyaka ka-2000 kuya ku-15000. Njengoba amaqanda ebonakala, owesilisa ukhipha isidoda sakhe, esingena ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwamafinyila bese sifaka amaqanda ngaphakathi.
Ngemuva kwamahora angama-20 emva kokukhulelwa, imibungu iqala ukwakha. Kancane kancane, amagciwane angena emzimbeni abhubhisa udonga lwe-mucus kanye namahora angama-36 ngemuva kokukhulelwa, i-larvae hatch. Ezinsukwini ezine emva kokukhulelwa, izibungu sezivele zingabhukuda kahle futhi zingaqala ukuzondla ngemikhwanyana emincane. Bangakwazi ukuhlala izinsuku ezingama-30 esigabeni se-pelagic, esibavumela ukuba bahlakazeke kabanzi ngale kwe-olwandle yamanje.
Inhlanzi yeZebra yinhlanzi eyingozi.
Ku-lionfish, emaphethelweni emisebe yamaphinifa e-dorsal yokuqala, kunezindlala ezinobuthi. Izinhlanzi azihlaseli abantu, kepha ngokuxhumana ngephutha nge-spikes enobuthi, izinhlungu zihlala isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuxhumana nezinhlanzi, kuboniswa izimpawu zobuthi: ukujuluka, ukucindezelwa kokuphefumula, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-lionfish
Photo: Ibukeka kanjani ibhubesi le-lionfish
I-Lionfish iyahamba kancane futhi iziphatha ngokungathi izethemba ngokweqile noma ayinandaba nezinsongo. Bancika emibalabala yabo, ekuzifihleni nasezintweni ezinobuthi ukuze bavimbele izisulu zabo. Abantu abadala abanesizungu bavame ukuhlala endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside. Bazovikela ngobudlova ububanzi basekhaya kubo kwezinye izinhlobo ze-lionfish kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Bambalwa abakhahlamezi bezingonyama zemvelo, ngisho nasebangeni labo lemvelo.
Akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi abantu be-lionfish balawulwa kanjani ebangeni labo lemvelo. Kubukeka sengathi ayithinteki kangako yizinhlayiya zangaphandle kunezinye izinhlanzi, zombili ezigabeni zemvelo nezihlaselayo. Ngokwesigaba sazo esihlaselayo, kungenzeka ukuthi oshaka kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu zasendle ezingakayiqapheli i-lionfish njengokuphangwa. Kodwa-ke, kuyakhuthaza ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko zazitholakala esiswini samaqembu eBahamas.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukulawulwa komuntu kwe-lionfish ehlaselayo akunakwenzeka ukuthi kunikeze ukubhujiswa okuphelele noma isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukulawula inani le-lionfish ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ngemizamo yokususa njalo.
E-Aqaba Bay, oLwandle Olubomvu, ikhwela elinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka libonakala lingumhlaseli we-lionfish. Ukwahlulela ngokubakhona kwesampula elikhulu le-lionfish esiswini sayo, kwaphethwa ngokuthi le nhlanzi isebenzisa amaqhinga ayo okuqamba ukuze ibambe ngokuphephile ibhubesi le-lionfish ngemuva, libambe ngokuyinhloko nomsila. Ukubukwa kwakamuva kwe-lionfish kukhombisile ukubhebhetheka okuphansi kwe-endo- ne-ectoparasites kuqhathaniswa namagciwane ezinhlanzi zasendaweni ezihlala emhlangeni.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra azifakwa kuhlu njengezinhlobo ezisengozini noma ezisengozini yokuphela. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokungcoliswa kwezixhobo zamakhorali kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekushoneni kwezinhlanzana eziningi zezinhlanzi kanye nezinhlobo ezi-crustacean ezidla izinhlanzi ze-zebra. Uma izinhlanzi ze-zebra zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko ngokukhetha eminye imithombo yokudla, ngalokho-ke, izinombolo zazo zizoqhubeka zinciphe ngokuzayo.
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Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: ILionfish
ILionfish njengamanje ayifakwanga ohlwini njengoba isengozini. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokungcoliswa kwezixhobo zamakhorali kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekufeni kwezinhlanzi eziningi kanye nama-crustaceans lapho i-lionfish incike khona. Uma i-lionfish ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko ngokukhetha eminye imithombo yokudla, inani labo kulindeleke ukuthi lehle. Kubhekwe uhlobo olungathandeki oluhlaselayo e-United States, eBahamas naseCaribbean.
Kukholakala ukuthi i-lionfish yawela emanzini ase-United States ngenxa yokuphuma emanzini asemanzini noma emanzini amakhulu emikhumbi. Amacala okuqala atholakala eningizimu Florida ngo-1985. Zisakazeka ngesivinini esikhulu ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States kanye nePersian Gulf, nakuwo wonke uLwandle lweCaribbean.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Izingulube ze-lionfish ezihlaselayo zikhuphuka cishe ngama-67% ngonyaka. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kukhombisile ukuthi i-lionfish ingagxilisa masinyane ama-80% abantu bakhona bezinhlanzi ezigodini zamakhorali. Uhla olucatshangelwe luhlanganisa lonke i-Gulf of Mexico, ulwandle lweCaribbean nolwandle olusentshonalanga ne-Atlantic ukusuka eNorth Carolina kuya e-Uruguay.
ILionfish Kuyakhathazeka kakhulu ngomthelela wabo emiphakathini engenzi lutho, imangango, izihlahlana zasolwandle kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali, kanye nezindawo ezihlala kuyo izilwane zasolwandle. Okukhathazayo akuyona ukuphela kwesibalo sezinhlanzi ezinamaphiko ezinhlanzini zasendaweni kanye nokuncintisana nezinhlanzi zasendaweni zemithombo yokudla, kodwa futhi nemiphumela emibi ekuwohlokeni kwendawo yonke.
Incazelo
Ama-red zebras angaphila iminyaka eyi-10. Imizimba yabo iyaphakama futhi ifana nethangwe elisesimweni. Umbala owesilisa nowesifazane awufani, kukhona imibala ehlukahlukene: abesilisa bohlobo oluhlaza “obomvana” bapendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo eqonde phezulu kanye namachashazi ayisiyingi angama-4-7 eduze ne-anal fin. Fry yalokhu kuhluka kulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo - abesilisa bazalwa benombala omnyama, kanti izintokazi ziphuzi.
Izinhlobo zezinsikazi "ezibomvu ezikhanyayo" azikwazi ukuba nombala obomvu kuphela, kepha futhi zibomvu-orenji ngaphandle kwemigqa ebheke phezulu. Amafutha abo azalwa enombala ofana nowesifazane, kepha ngemuva kokuba abesilisa sebefinyelele ku-6 cm ubude, baqala ukuguquka ngombala.
Kukhona futhi uhlobo lwe "albinos", kepha endle zivamile kakhulu. Abesifazane bangaba ophuzi, o-orenji, noma o-orenji abe nocezu olumnyama. Futhi, baphawule cishe amaphuzu amathathu amakhulu eduze kwe-anal fin.
Yondla i-zembra ebomvu
Abamele izinhlobo zeMetriaclima estherae izinhlanzi ze-aquarium omnivorous, kepha badinga imikhiqizo yezitshalo njalo. Noma amadube angadla i-zooplankton endle, iningi lokudla kwakho kufanele kube yimifino noma ukudla okufanayo. Noma yikuphi ukudla kwalolu hlobo kuzobafanela, kepha ukuze umbala womzimba uhlale ukhanya, kuyadingeka ukufaka umsoco onamandla, i-spirulina, ama-cyclops, noma yikuphi ukudla kwe-cichlid ephezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi unganikeza i-shrimp yezinhlanzi noma i-nauplii brine shrimp. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi amadube aqatha ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke akufanele uwaqede ngokweqile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMetriaclima iyayithanda imfashini ye-algal, ngakho-ke izindleko zokudla zizobe ziphansi kunasesimweni sama-cichlids we-carnivorous. Kunconyelwa ukondla izinhlanzi kaningi, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane ezidonswa ngokushesha futhi ezingeke zonakalise amanzi. Amavithamini nokudla kwezilwane kuyadingeka ekudleni, kepha akufanele uwudle ngamaprotheni ngoba inhlanzi ingahlushwa ukuqhakaza.
Esihlokweni esilandelayo, ungafunda ngokuziphatha okunomsoco weMetriaclima nokwehluka kwabo kwezinye izimbuns.
Isifo
Izinhlanzi ziyamelana nezifo futhi lapho zigcinwa zisezingeni elifanele, ngokudla okufanele, cishe azibi kudala umnikazi ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthambekela kokukhuluphala, uma bondliwe ngokungafanele futhi ngobuningi, bathola ngokushesha fat, okuphula isimo sabo futhi kubangele ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Lapho kungeniswa abantu abasha ku-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuthi bahlukanise kuqala, ngoba uma kungenjalo kukhona ubungozi bokwethula izinambuzane, okunzima ukuzisusa. Kungcono ukwanda i-aquarium ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokungeza izinhlanzi kancane kancane, ukuze kungabikho izimpi zensimu, ezizobe zisatshalaliswa, ngaphambi kokuba kube nomuntu omusha ongenayo indawo.
I-Pseudotrophyus zebra iyisakhamuzi esihle se-aquarium, okungekho nzima kakhulu ukuyigcina, kepha idinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ekukhetheni komakhelwane.
Izimo ezidingekayo
Imifula engena eLake Malawi ibonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu nenani elikhulu lezinsiba, amanzi echibini abonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-alkalis namaminerali. Ichibi laziwa ngokubonakala kwalo nangokuqina kwezinkomba zamakhemikhali eziningi, njenge-pH. Ukusuka lapha kuyacaca ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukubheka amapharamitha wamanzi asemanzini nezinhlanzi ezivela eLake Malawi. Ubungozi bokuthi ubuthi be-ammonia bukhuphuke nge-pH eyandayo, ngakho-ke akumele ukhohlwe ukushintsha amanzi e-aquarium. Uma lezi zidingo zingafinyelelwanga, inhlanzi ingakhuphula isikhathi eside izinguquko ku-pH.
Ubunzima: 6-10 ° dH pH: 7.7 - 8.6 Ukushisa: 23 -28 ° C
Ukuphila endalweni
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-zebra pseudotrophyus yiLake Malawi (noma iNyansa) eMpumalanga Afrika. Kepha futhi lezi zinhlanzi zazibonakala emanzini asogwini lolwandlekazi lwePacific nolwaseNdiya (eduze naseJapan, e-Australia naseziqhingini zaseziqhingini). Izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhetha indawo yezinhlanzi ukungcebeleka kokukhululeka kanye nokuba khona kwesikali.
Ngokusho kwabathile abanye abantu, kutholakale inani elincane le-zebra pseudotrophyus eCaribbean.
Namuhla, inyama yabo ibhekwa njengemnandi futhi ibalulekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlanzi zaqala ukubanjwa. Ukuzingela okunjalo kwathola ukuthandwa okuthile ezifundeni zeziqhingi zasolwandle iPacific kanye nolwandle lwaseNdiya.
I-Zebra cichlid ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Lo mbuna awunakubizwa ngobungane. Inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yabantu besifazane ngu-1 owesilisa nowesifazane abangu-2-3. Uma kusetshenziswa ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezi-nimble ku-aquarium ukunciphisa ulaka, kudingeka izinguquko zamanzi ezivamile. I-Metriaclima estherae ingabanjwa ngokuhlangana nezinye mbunas ezingenamusa ezivela eMalawi, kodwa kuphela uma zinobukhulu obuhlukile futhi zingafani ngokubonakala, uma kungenjalo kungqubuzana noma kunqamule ukwakheka kwama-hybrids kungabukwa, okunganconywa kakhulu. Futhi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi amadube agcinwe ndawonye neHaplochromis, ngoba amadube, njengawo wonke amaMboon, anolaka olukhulu kuwo.
Ngenhla kungowesilisa we-zebra obomvu, futhi ngezansi kungowesifazane (isithombe nguMichael Persson)
Ihambisana nezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini
Kunconywe ukuthi i-zebra igcinwe ku-pseudotrophyus endaweni yezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ukwenza izinhlanzi zizizwe zikhululekile ethangini elijwayelekile, kufanele kubhekwe izici eziningi zalolu hlobo:
- Izinhlanzi zinolaka impela. Ngaphakathi kwephakethe, impilo yabo ingaphansi kwesikhundla esiqinile. Ukufutheka ngokweqile kungancishiswa kuphela uma kunendawo eyanele ethangini.
- Omakhelwane be-Aquarium kufanele babe ngosayizi ofanayo namazizi futhi babe nezidingo ezifanayo zamapharamitha amanzi.
- Ukuhambisana ngokuphelele kutholakala kuphela ezinhlanzini zasemanzini ezinenani elikhulu lezindawo zokukhosela nezitshalo.
- Omakhelwane abavumelekile kuzoba yilawa: ama-barbs, ama-labeos, ama-shrimps kanye nemifantu, ama-cichlids ase-Afrika, i-bots.
- Izinhlobo ezingahambelani ngokuphelele: I-Pecilia, iTetra ne-Swordsmen, i-zebrafish ne-Discus.
Njengoba sinendawo yokugcina enganele yezikebhe ezigcwele igazi phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ngeke zivikeleke.
Izici zokuzalela nokunwebeza
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, amadube akha ngazimbili. Iminyaka yokuthomba iza ngezinyanga eziyi-12.
Ukulungiselela ukusatshalaliswa. Ukuzala kabusha kungenzeka ku-aquarium ejwayelekile enezindawo zokukhosela ezifanele. Kungaba ngamapayipi wokudonsa obubanzi obanele wokudlula kwezinhlanzi.
Ukusakaza. Kudlula, njengawo wonke ama-cichlids. Imibhangqwana ihlomisa isidleke, izipele zesifazane, futhi owesilisa uyamfaka:
- Inani lamaqanda wokuqhekeka kwe-1 lisuka kuma-40 liye kwangama-100 ama-PC.
- Ubukhulu bamaqanda bufika kuma-44 mm. Owesifazane uphethe i-caviar emlonyeni.
- Isikhathi nesikhathi sokufakwa sisuka ezinsukwini eziyi-17 kuye kwezingu-21.
Isithombo. Ukudla kokuqala kwefry yi-plankton. Abantu abasanda kuzalwa ekuqaleni banombala owodwa, imvamisa yesinamoni enombala onsundu. Zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha, umthunzi uzoshintsha futhi ube njengabantu abadala.
Imiphumela yemjovo ye-lionfish
Isakhiwo spike libhubesi njengesirinji yezokwelapha, lapho inj inj, ubuthi obuvela eshumini elisezithanjeni ezingaphakathi kwenhliziyo ye-lionfish bukhuphuka ngesiteshi esidlula ngaphakathi kogongolo futhi singena emzimbeni womhlaseli.
Okokuqala libhubesi ungalokothi uhlasele. Imijovo yakhe imvusela isisulu kuye.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu uzwa izinhlungu ezinzima, uvame ukuphenduka ukukhubazeka isikhashana, futhi uma obhukuda ngalesi sikhathi engakaphumi emanzini, uyobe usengozini yokushona.
Phakathi kwabathandi bemisebenzi yangaphandle emanzini libhubesi ube negama elibi, njengoba kukholakala ukuthi umjovo wakhe ungabulala umuntu. Kodwa-ke, amacala anjalo awakaqoshwa ngokusemthethweni.
Indoda etholile umjovo libhubesi amahora amaningi, uzwa izinhlungu ezibukhali, kwesinye isikhathi ezihambisana nokujuluka okuthe xaxa, ukufikelwa ngumfutho, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kwesinye isikhathi ukwephulwa kwenhliziyo. Indawo yomjovo ivuvukele. Ubuhlungu obuvela ngomjovo ngesigaxa esisodwa buyaphela ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kuphela, kodwa buzizwe ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Uma umjovo utholwa ngezikhala eziningi, izinhlungu zingabekezeleleki (kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni kwengqondo). I-serum efanayo ne-cobra venom isebenza njenge-antidote; eminye imithombo ibika ukuthi lobuhlungu bungancipha uma uphuza isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-ammonium chloride. Uma ungenzi lutho, izinhlungu zizodlula zodwa.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokufa libhubesi ameva ayo anobuthi agcina ubuthi bawo isikhathi eside. Amandla wobuthi ancike ngosayizi wezinhlanzi.
Ngokusekelwe kokushiwo ngaphambili, lapho usingatha libhubesi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kumele kuthathwe.
Vula amanzi i-lionfish
Ngabe idlani lidlani
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi i-zebra yi-herbivore ethanda utshani obuluhlaza, amaqabunga ezihlahla, izimpande zezitshalo. Ama-Zebras adla kakhulu kanti ngenkathi eyomile athuthela imihlambi yonke efuna amadlelo aluhlaza. Futhi, umzimba we-zebra (futhi ikakhulukazi owesifazana okhulelwe) udinga umswakama omningi futhi ukuba khona kwamanzi aseduze kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni ye-zebra. Uma imifula noma amachibi kumile, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo lase-Afrika, amadube ngokwawo angakwazi nokumba umthombo omncane wokufakelwa.
Ukuzala
Kunokuphikisana okuningi ngokuthi yini esebenza njengesiqalo sokuqala kwe-hypawarrus ye-spawning. Abanye ababhali bathi azizange zihlanze izihlungi zazo zangaphandle futhi azange zibuyisele amanzi amasonto ambalwa, ukuze ukuhamba kwamanzi kube buthaka, bese kuthi emuva kokushintsha nokuhlanzwa, amanzi amasha nengcindezi kube yisisusa sokonakala.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi akukho lutho olukhethekile okudingeka lwenziwe; ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, umbhangqwana ovuthiwe ngokobulili nawo uzoqala ukuvela. Kungcono ukugcina amabhangqwana ambalwa ezimeni ezinhle futhi ngaphandle komakhelwane, khona-ke ukusatshalaliswa kuzokwenzeka ngokwakho.
Imvamisa, amaqanda okuqala ophuzi-owolintshi awavundiswa futhi awafaki.
Ungaphatheki kabi, le yinto ejwayelekile kakhulu, yenza okufanayo njengoba benzile, ngenyanga noma ngaphambili bazozama futhi.
Njengoba iduna livikela amaqanda, kaningi ukuthi selokhu azala amadube, umanzini wasolwandle uyazi kuphela lapho ebona uFry.
Kodwa-ke, uma owesilisa ekhathazeka noma engenalwazi, angakwazi ukuphonsa amaqanda endaweni yokukhosela. Kulokhu, khetha amaqanda ku-aquarium eseceleni, namanzi lapho bekukhona bese ubeka i-aerator lapho ukudala umfudlana ofana nowamaduna awenza amawele akhe.
Izinsana ezinamathela zinesikhuphashe esikhulu kakhulu. Kungemva kokuba eseyithathile, uFry udinga ukondliwa.
Okuphakayo kuyafana nangezinhlanzi zabantu abadala, ngokwesibonelo, amaphilisi. Ukondla i-fry kulula impela, noma ezinsukwini zokuqala, badla amaphilisi anjalo kalula futhi ngesifiso sokudla.
Fry ikhula kancane, futhi noma ngabe inezimo ezikahle ngokwemigomo yokondla, ubumsulwa kanye nemingcele yamanzi, ukwengeza kuka-1 cm emavikini angama-6-8 kuyinto evamile.
Izincwadi zesayensi ngalolu hlobo
I-Astakhov D.A., Poponov S.Yu., Poponova V.R. 2003. Ezinye izici zokulungiswa kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezimweni zokwenziwa. Ukuxhumana 5. Umndeni we-Scorpaenidae (Actinopterygii, Scorpaeniformes) // Ucwaningo lwesayensi emapaki wezilwane. Vol. 16. S. 42-49.
I-Astakhov D.A., Poponov S.Yu., Poponova V.R. 2006. Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-lionfish (Scorpaeniformes, Scorpaenidae, Pteroinae) ekuqoqweni kweMoses Zoo // Ucwaningo lwesayensi emapaki wezilwane. Vol. 20. S. 9 - 11.
Izici ezibalulekile
E-zebra ihhashi nembongolo zahlangana. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-2 m, isisindo ngaphakathi kwama-355 kilos. Ukukhula kusuka kumasentimitha angu-1,35 kuya ku-1.55. Izinsikazi zincane kunama-stallion.
Izinyawo zimfishane, ikhanda elikhulu elisindayo. Izindlebe ezinjengembongolo. Emsileni kukhona ibhulashi. I-mane imfushane, "yima".
Isisekelo sombala sehlukile, kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi simhlophe futhi simnyama ngesimo semisho eshintshashintshayo. Intamo inamandla, izicubu zomzimba.
ILionfish Pterois radiata
Le-lionfish enemibala egqamile ayithandwa kakhulu ngama-aquarists kunePterois volitans. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ayisebenzi phakathi nosuku futhi ikhombisa kuphela umsebenzi ngokuqala kobumnyama, lapho ukuzingela kuphuma endaweni yayo yokuhlala. Elinye iphuzu. Le-lionfish ifuneka kakhulu ezimweni zokuboshwa futhi zithambekele kakhulu ezifweni kunezinhlobo zangaphambili. Kutholakala olwandle i-Indian Ocean, uLwandle Olubomvu kanye nasezifundeni ezisentshonalanga zoLwandle iPacific. Natural lionfishI-Pterois radiata
ifinyelela osayizi wamasentimitha angama-25. E-dorsal fin kunemisebe enzima engu-12-13 equkethe into enobuthi.
ILionfish (Pterois)
Indlela yokuphila
Ntambama, i-lionfish akuvamile ukuba itholakale ihamba. Njengomthetho, lezi zakhamizi zasolwandle zifihla phakathi nesikhathi sasemini phakathi kwamakhorali namatshe emihumeni yamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, bacindezela ngokuqinile izisu zabo phansi bese befaka amaphinifa abo anobuhlalu ohlangothini oluhlukile, ngaleyo ndlela bezivikela kwizilima ezingekho emthethweni noma ezinhlwini ezinganaki.
Kepha lapho sekuqala ukungena, izinhlanzi ze-zebra ziqala ukuzingela. Njengoba beyizidlakudla ezinonya, akunzima ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinjalo zigwinye ezinye izinhlanzi, ubude bazo bufika ku-20 cm. Kepha zivame ukuphanga izinhlanzi ezincane noma ama-crustaceans. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthola i-lionfish yokudla:
- kuyasebenza: bahambisa isisulu “ekhoneni” (isikebhe, umhume omncane), ongakwazi ukuphuma kuso, futhi basidle kalula,
- i-passive :heha izinhlanzi ezincane ngokubukeka kwazo. Iqhutshwe esimweni esimisiwe, i-lionfish yasakaza wonke amaphiko ayo nemisebe, ngaleyo ndlela yaba njengezitshalo zasemanzini. Izinhlanzana ezincane, ezingathathi hlangothi, zibhukuda ziye “esihlahleni” esinjalo futhi zisheshe zizithole zidliwe.
ILionfish iphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-lionfish?
ILionfish ivame ukufinyelela amasentimitha angama-30 ubude. Kuyaqabukela kakhulu (imvamisa eLwandlekazi i-Indian noma eCaribbean), abantu abanobude ngamasentimitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu bangatholakala. Umbala we-lionfish wehluke kakhulu - le imhlophe imhlophe futhi ibe nsundu (kwesinye isikhathi imide ebomvu). Futhi lezi zinhlanzi zaba negama lazo ngenxa yamaphinipthi amakhulu amakhulu, athuthukile, eziwavula njengezimpiko. Izikhumba zamabhubesi zitholakala ngemuva, esiswini, esifubeni futhi eduze komsila. Sekukonke, zinamaphiko ayi-18 futhi onke anobuthi.
ILionfish
I-Red Striped Lionfish
Izithombe ezivela kusayithi www.stihi.ru
Udinga nokwazi ukuthi ibukeka kanjani i-lionfish encane. Bacishe bangabi namibala futhi kulula ukukhumbula. Futhi vele zinobuthi emithini.
I-lionfish Encane
Izithombe ezivela ianimal.ru
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-lionfish. Isibonelo, oLwandle Olubomvu ungathola futhi i-antennae lionfish, engeyona ubuthi obuncane. Izindlala ezinobuthi zitholakala ngezimpaphe zezimpaphe.
I-Antenna Lionfish
Izithombe ezisuka ku- zooclub.org.ua
Imivimbo ye-zebra. Kungani i-zebra imile?
Izazi zefilosofi zivame ukuqhathanisa izimpilo zethu ne-zebra: umucu omnyama ushintsha ube mhlophe, umhlophe uye kumnyama, nokunye, ukuze i-zebra uqobo, noma umbala wayo omangalisayo, ube uphawu lokungabi namandla kokuba kwethu. Kepha lezi yizazi zefilosofi, kepha izazi zesayensi yezempilo zesayensi yezokwelapha zihola ezinye izingxabano, imvelo engaphezulu, okusho ukuthi umbala we-zebra unjani umbala: mhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama, noma emnyama ngemivimbo emhlophe. Muva nje, ososayensi baphikise ukuthi umbala ovelele we-zebra usemnyama. Futhi, le mivimbo efanayo ye-zebra ngayinye ihlukile futhi idala iphethini yayo eyingqayizivele, okuyindlela futhi esebenza ngayo ngezinhloso ezingokoqobo, ngephethini eyingqayizivele amawundlu e-zebra aqaphela onina.
Kepha lokhu akukhona ukusetshenziswa kwemivimbo ye-zebra nje edumile, futhi kusebenza njengohlobo lokuzifihla - lesi silwane sihlangana nomoya onamandla obomvu othuthumelayo waseAfrika, odonsela izinyamazane inyamazane. Imaski enemigqa futhi ivikela ngokuphelele izimpukane ezicasulayo nama-Horseflies. Ukwakheka kwamehlo ezimpukane nezimpukane zamahhashi kuklanyelwe ngendlela yokuthi ziphendule kuphela kumbala ohlanganisiwe, bese kuthi i-zebra emnyama nomhlophe ibonwe nje njengento engenakuphikwa.
Futhi, imichilo ye-zebra yenza ukuqina komzimba wayo, ifake isandla ekupholiseni kwayo. Kusebenza ngale ndlela, imivimbo emhlophe (kanye nawo wonke amhlophe) ifudumeza okungaphansi kakhulu kwalabo abamnyama, umehluko wokushisa udala ukugeleza komoya okuhamba kancane kuzungeza i-zebra, okwenza kube lula ukubekezelela ukushisa okuqeda amandla kwase-Afrika.
Ngabe izinhlanzi ezingonyama ziyizingela kanjani?
Zilele phansi, kuvuleke imichilo yazo, noma eduze kwedwala. Ngakho-ke, ziyakwazi ukuba njenge-algae enemibala. Baqamba amanga ukuze inhlanzi encane, ebabheka njenge-algae, iqale ukubhukuda emihlanjini yabo. Futhi-ke i-lionfish ivula umlomo wayo igwinye amanzi kanye nesihlabathi nenhlanzi (i-shrimp) ebhukuda eduze.
Ngesikhathi sokuntywila ebusuku, ibhubesi lilandela ukwehluka kwe-scuba ngoba kulula kakhulu kubo ukuba bazingele ngokukhanya kwezibane zabo. Ngakho-ke, qaphela kakhulu! Awungeke uqaphele inhlanzi ebumnyameni, uyilimaze futhi uyihlabe ngamaphayi anobuthi.
Ungazi kanjani isisulu se-lionfish?
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zihola indlela yokuphila ebambekayo, evuselelayo. Uma ubhukuda, futhi zilele phansi - ungesabi, ngeke zikuthinte. Akunjalo zama ukubathinta futhi ubashaye. Futhi abahlukahlukene abangenalwazi bangaba nesifiso esifanayo. Lapho-ke uzothola khona manjalo ubuthi bokudutshulwa obunobuthi. Futhi njengoba amaphisi ebhubesi le-lionfish etholakala emzimbeni wonke, ukujova ngensimbi enobuthi akunakugwenywa.
Ngabe ubuthi be-lionfish busebenza kanjani?
Kukholakala ukuthi ubuthi benhlanzi ebhubesi ayibulalanga. Umuntu uzwa izinhlungu ezinzima futhi evutha endaweni yomjovo. Ubuthi busakazeka ngokugeleza kwegazi futhi kwezinye izimo bubangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula kanye nethambo. Kungahle kube khona nokugoba, ukushaqeka kobuhlungu, kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Manje ake sicabange ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi. Vele, ushintsho olunjalo emzimbeni we-diver lungabulala, ngoba ngeke akwazi ukuphefumula futhi aphume ngaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yomjovo, kwakhiwa i-edema, engahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Isilonda sizophinda slimaze izinsuku eziningi. Ukwehla kungadlulisela imithambo yegazi, izinzwa (kuye ngokuthi ibhubesi le-lionfish), zibangele ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza komzimba kanye nokuqhuma kwesikhumba uma ukutheleleka ne-necrosis yezicubu kungena esilondeni ngenxa ye-edema ende.
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo
Kuze kube muva nje, izinhlanzi ze-zebra bezingumuntu ohlala emadwaleni asolwandle kuphela olwandle lwePacific nolwaseNdiya. Manje abantu balezi zidalwa bangatholakala emanzini aseCaribbean, ngokwesibonelo, emaphethelweni eCuba, Haiti, eCayman Islands, eFlorida. Njengomthetho, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zitholakala eduze nolwandle, phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali.
UyaziUbuthi benhlanzi ye-zebra buqine kangangokuba buyekwazi ukusebenza noma inhlanzi uqobo lwayo seluvele lwafa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungayithinti, noma ngabe sikusiphi isimo inhlanzi.
Izici zokubukeka nendlela yokuphila
Igama lesayensi lale nhlanzi enhle yiPterois antennata futhi lingelomndeni wamaqembu enjengo Scorpion-like aqhamuka ekilasini lezinhlanzi ezifakwe eRay-fin. Onke amalungu omndeni we-scorpion ayizinhlanzi ezinobuthi kunazo zonke olwandle, futhi asendleleni nezinhlanzi ezidumile ze-puffer. Izinhlanzi zase-Lionfish zasemoyeni nazo zihlukile.Emisebeni yamaphiko ayo kuphuma izidakamizwa ezinobuthi.
Ukubukeka Okungajwayelekile - Ukukopela
Izinhlanzi zaba negama elithi “lionfish” ngenxa yama-fine awo e-pectoral, ngendlela eqondile ekhumbuza amaphiko ezinyoni. Umbala ogqamile, onemigqa eshintshashintshayo, wenza umsebenzi we- “camouflage”, okwenza izinhlanzi zingabonakali phakathi kwamakhorali kanye nolwelwe. Zonke lezi zici zokubukeka ziyasiza ekuzingeleni: umnikazi walesi sihlahla akanakufuduka ufana nesihlahla esihle esidonsela ukunaka kwezinhlanzi ezincane nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, ezigcina zigcine emlonyeni we "bush".
Kunezinhlobo eziyishumi zezinhlanzi ezihlukene ze-lionfish, ngayinye ihluka ngombala wayo wangemuva, indawo nombala wemivimbo kanye nokwakheka kwamaphini we-pectoral.
Njengoba inesimo somzimba esithandeka kuwo wonke ama-lionfish, ukubukeka kwe-antennae lionfish ngokubukeka kuyahlukaniseka kalula kwezinye izinhlanzi zohlobo lwayo ngenxa yesakhiwo samaphiko we-pectoral achazwe ngenhla.
- Isizinda esiyinhloko sombala womzimba ukugqagqana kwamandla ahlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi sishiya ngombala onsundu, sidwetshwe ngemichilo yombala omhlophe.
- Ukukhula ngenhla kwamehlo kukude ngokwanele ngemivimbo emnyama.
- Kubantu abadala, amabala amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka avela ezisekelweni zamaphiko we-pectoral.
Esithombeni senhlanzi ye-antenna lionfish, amabala phansi kwamaphinifa we-pectoral angabonakala.
I-Pterois antennata akuyona eyommeleli omkhulu wohlobo lwayo futhi ifinyelela usayizi omkhulu wamasentimitha angama-20.
Ngubani ongadla i-antenna lionfish enobuthi?
Ukuba ngenye yezimpilo zasolwandle ezivikelwe kakhulu, i-lionfish empeleni ayinazitha ngaphandle kwabantu. Ngisho oshaka abahlaseli lobu buhle ngamachaphaza anobuthi e-chic. Kepha akuyona yonke into ebushelelezi empilweni yabaninizi enameva anobuthi. Nasi isimo umgcini wasemanzini owaziwayo uSergey Kochetov asibona e-aquarium yakhe. Ubekhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngaye emakhasini ephephabhuku i-Aquarium.
Lakanye wanquma ukuhlalisa ingwe e-moray eel nge-antenna lionfish. Ekuqaleni, konke kwakuhamba kahle: kunokuthula nokuzola. Kepha ke moray eel waba nesithakazelo komakhelwane bayo abahle. Ngokwesimilo sakhe kungenzeka ukuthi aqonde ukuthi useqala ukuzingela ngenhloso. Emva kwesikhathi esithile, enye yezingwegwe zehlosi yagcina iphelele emlonyeni walesi sidlakela.
UMurena ugaye i-lionfish ngaphandle kwemiphumela!
I-Pterois antennata, njengazo zonke izinhlanzi ezinobuthi zalolu hlobo, akuyona into yokudla yokugaya ukudla. Ukuphalaza kwakhe kungabangela ukugqabhuka kwezitho zangaphakathi zomdlwenguli, ezazidla naye isidlo sasemini naye. Ngokuhambisana nobuthi obutholwe yizindlala ezitholakala ezindaweni zokuphamba, umphumela wokudla okunjalo kwama-moray eels ungaba usizi olukhulu.
Ngakho-ke, umnikazi we-aquarium isikhathi esithile wasala ekhathazekile ngempilo yama-moray eels. Emcabangweni wakhe, ukulimala kwe-esophagus, ukulimala kwesisu, izimbobo zamathumbu nokufa kwalesi sidalwa esinamakhanda sekubonakalisiwe. Kodwa-ke, konke kwaphela ngaphandle kwemiphumela. I-Moray eel yagaya ngempumelelo okokuqala, kwabe sekuyi-lionfish elandelayo emlonyeni wayo futhi yadliwa ngempumelelo. Bonke abanye abanikazi bokuvikelwa okunobuthi nokukhohlisayo bahlupheka okufanayo.
Emvelweni, ukudliwa kokudla kuyadla ku-lionfish?
Ungasichaza kanjani isimo esimangalisa kangaka: i-lionfish enobuthi ne-spiky idliwa njengento ejwayelekile yokudla?
UMoray wayengalambile. Wayenikezwa njalo ukudla kwasolwandle. Ezinye izinhlanzi ezazingenakho ukubhukuda okunamandla okungaka okubhukuda emanzini. Kepha wakhetha into "engabonakaliyo" futhi wadla ngokudla bonke abameli bayo. Abanye omakhelwane e-aquarium azange bathandeke kuye ngombono wesimo sokumvelo. Umqondo okuwukuphela kwento echaza lolu khetho kungenzeka ukuthi kukhethekile ukulesa kwezingwe olwandle nge-antenna lionfish. Yiliphi icala elihehayo kakhulu futhi elingjwayelekile lokukhetha ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezidla inyama yasolwandle.
Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila
IPterois antennata - isakhamuzi samanzi afudumeleko oLwandlekazi i-Indian, size sifike eGreat Barrier Reef sisuka ohlangothini lwePacific lwase-Australia. Uhlala ezindlini zamachibi naphakathi kwezixhobo futhi akabhukudi ujule ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-50.
Emini, ecashe emifantweni yamatshe, ngaphansi kwamatshe, phakathi kwezindawo zamakhorali. Ukuzingela ebusuku.
Imvamisa uhlala yedwa. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqembu azifihla ezindlini zokukhosela. I-lionfish ibhukuda kancane, ngakho-ke isebenzisa nendlela yayo yokuzingela. Umhlaseli ubeka kakhulu amaphini we-pectoral futhi ngosizo lwabo ushayela izinhlanzi ezincane kunoma iyiphi i-engela emadwaleni noma edwaleni futhi uzama ukuyidla lapho.
Kwesinye isikhathi akasuki ngisho nasendaweni yokukhosela, kepha ulinda ngesineke inhlanzi edlula lapho, eba yisisulu, ngaphandle kokuthola isikhathi sokuthola noma yini. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-lionfish iyayibamba ngokunyakaza okuhamba ngombani okusheshayo. Emvelweni, imenyu yayo iqukethe ikakhulu i-shrimp namanye ama-crustaceans, futhi, inhlanzi. Ezindaweni zasemanzini, unikezwa izinhlanzi ezincane eziphilayo, ezibekelwe ukufa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuzala kweLionfish
I-dimorphism yezocansi ibuthakathaka, abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu futhi bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, ngaphezu kwalokho, banolaka kakhulu kunabantu bobulili obuhlukile. Ngaphambi nje kokuqhekeka, umbala wesilisa uba mnyama, futhi imivimbo emzimbeni ihluke kakhulu. Abesifazane, kunalokho, bayakhanya, ingxenye engezansi yesibambo sabo ipendiwe ngombala wesiliva. Ngokusobala, umbala onjalo ubenza babonakale kakhulu kusihlwa, njengoba imidlalo ye-spawning iqala maduze ngaphambi kobumnyama futhi ihlala iqalwa ngabesilisa.
Owesilisa ujaha owesimame ukuhamba endaweni eyindilinga, enza imibuthano eminingana, abakhiqizi bavukele ebusweni bamanzi. Umusi unganciphisa futhi ukhuphuke kaningana. Esigabeni sokugcina, sebevele bechaza imibuthano ngqo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ifafaza ngamashubhu amabili ama-mucus ashubile abhukuda asondele ebusweni. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, la mashubhu agcwaliswa ngamanzi olwandle ephenduka amabhola e-oval onesilinganiso samasentimitha amabili kuya kwezinhlanu. Ibhola ngalinye elinjalo lingaba namaqanda angama-2000 kuya kwangama-15000. Owesilisa ukhipha ubisi, olungena ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwama-mucous ala mabhola lufaka amaqanda akulo. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-18 ngemuva kokukhulelwa, ikhanda elakhekile namehlo ezibungu ayavela kahle eqandeni. Futhi ngemuva kwamahora angama-36, ukuqhuma kwabo okuningi kwenzeka. Ngosuku lwesine ngemuva kokuhluma, izibungu ziba nefry bese ziqala ukuzondla kuma-crustaceans angama-microscopic.
Ukuzala kabusha e-aquarium kungenzeka, kodwa kunzima ngoba kudinga umthamo omkhulu kakhulu.
Mncane libhubesi imvamisa ibanjwa ngamaqembu amancane. Njengoba sebevuthiwe ngokocansi, bakhetha indlela yokuphila bebodwa, bavikela insimu yabo ngokuqhamukayo kwabanye babameleli bohlobo lwabo, besebenzisa ameva abo anobuthi.
Kuyiqiniso, ukubukeka okumangazayo kwalomeleli wezakhamizi zolwandle olujulile kudonsela ukunaka kwabathandi bezilwane zasolwandle "ezifuywayo" nokuzigcina ezindaweni ezihlala olwandle. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula eminye imithetho yokulungiswa kwayo kanye nokondla okufanele, ukuze impilo yenhlanzi ibe ntofontofo futhi awuzange uhlupheke.
I-Aquarium nendawo enhle
I-aquarium enezinhlanzi ze-zebra kumele ibambe okungenani amalitha angama-450 amanzi. I-lionfish engomakhelwane kuyo ingaba izinhlanzi ezinkulu noma ama-invertebrates ahlala phansi, ngoba cishe uzodla izinhlanzi ezincane, noma ngabe usondla njalo isilwanyana esidlayo. I-aquarium akufanele ifakwe kuphela ngokuhlunga okhethekile nesibani se-fluorescent, kodwa futhi nokuhlobisa kanye ne-algae lapho inhlanzi yebhubesi ingacasha khona. Kungaba emigedeni yokuhlobisa kanye namatshe, amakhorali noma amagobolondo amakhulu. Kunconywa ukuthi uguqule okungenani amanzi angama-20% e-aquarium isonto ngalinye.
UyaziUmuntu ukhula engavimbele ubuthi bezinhlanzi ze-zebra. Uma inhlanzi ikulimaza okwesibili, izinhlungu ngeke ziqine, okwesithathu - ngisho nangaphansi, njll.
Ukudla kanye nokudla
Ukuze isilwane sakho sikhule ngokuqinile futhi sikhule ngokujwayelekile, isakhi esiyinhloko semenyu yaso kufanele kube ama-crustaceans (ama-shrimps, crabs) nezinhlanzi ezincane. Njengomthetho, i-lionfish iqala ukuzwa isidingo sokudla kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubondla ngalesi sikhathi. Izici ezibalulekile zokudla kwezinhlanzi zamabhubesi nazo zingamanzi acwebezelayo, iziphuphu, amakhadinali nezinsimbi. Abanini be-lionfish bavame ukwenza iphutha elifanayo: bondla umdlwenguli ngegolide, futhi lokhu kungadala ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kwe-lionfish. Kuyiqiniso, inhlanzi ye-zebra ikhetha ukudla okubukhoma, okungabhekwa, noma kunjalo, kungaba lula ukujwayela ukudla okubandayo. Ukuze izinhlanzi zibe nomqondo wokuthi naye ngokwakhe wabamba inyamazane, lezi zindawo okuthiwa ziyadideka zidalwa ezindaweni zasemanzini: lapho ucezu lwephakeji lungena kuleyo ndawo, kubonakala sengathi uyathutha. Ngokuqondene nemvamisa yokondliwa, ke, ngokuphila emanzini olwandle, inhlanzi ye-zebra ekudleni okukodwa ingadla kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kweziyishumi zezinto ezincane noma eziphakathi. Ekhaya, kuya ngokushisa kwamanzi ku-aquarium, i-lionfish kufanele inikezwe ukudla kabili kuya kathathu ngesonto. Uma kufudumele amanzi, kuyanda ukondla.
Kubalulekile!Musa ukweqisa i-lionfish! Ukuhlukumeza ngokweqile kungadala isibindi sesilwane sakho ukuba sikhuluphele, okungasenza siyeke ukusebenza. Kungenzeka futhi ukucindezela amasosha omzimba, ukubukeka kokulimala noma i-anemia. Isifiso sezinhlanzi zamabhubesi muhle kakhulu kangangokuba bangazibulala kubo.
Njengoba izinhlanzi ezinjalo zinobuthi, kufanele zondliwe ngokucophelela ukuze zingathinti umunye wemisebe enoshevu we-lionfish. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokondla izinhlanzi sikude kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka emgodini onika ukudla kuwo. Kubalulekile ukungavusi ukuhlasela futhi ungathinti inaliti ngesandla sakho.
Isabelo sokudla
Emvelweni, isisekelo sokudla libhubesi ama-invertebrates amancane, kufaka phakathi ama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene, akhonza; ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi ezincane, kufaka nezinsizwa zezinhlobo zazo, zifakiwe ekudleni kwazo. Ngamanani wokulinganisa, ngonyaka libhubesi kudla isilinganiso se-8,2 sesisindo sabo.
Bukela ukuzingela libhubesi ku-aquarium kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukudla kwezinhlanzi akulungile. Ngokudla okunempilo libhubesi ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks ayadingeka.
Abanikazi abaningi bamanzi asolwandle bayondla libhubesi igolidefish, okuyiphutha futhi kungekudala kuholela ekuphepheni kwamavithamini. Inyama yeGolide iyasiza ekuqhekekeni kwe-thiamine (uvithamini B1). Ngenxa yalokhu, isimo se-lionfish siya ngokuba sibi kakhulu, futhi uma kungathathelwa izinyathelo eziphuthumayo, balindelwe ukufa kusenesikhathi. Hluka indlela odla ngayo libhubesi Ungasebenzisa okuphakelayo eqandisiwe okuqukethe inyama eshisayo.
Ithathwe emvelweni libhubesi ukudla ngentshiseko kuphela ukudla okuphilayo, ekuqaleni ama-guppies nezinkemba zamakhemba angafanela le njongo, kepha ukuze kulungiswe okunye kufanele babe nokujwayela ukudla okwenziwe olwandle okwenziwe iqhwa. Uma libhubesi ayiphenduli ngokudla okumile, kufanele uyiphathe ngama-tweezers futhi ivuse phambi komlomo wayo. Kancane kancane libhubesi ikujwayela ukuthatha ukudla okungaphili ngohlobo lwenyama yesikwati, inhliziyo yenkomo kanye nefilidi yezinhlanzi.
Naphezu kobudlova libhubesi, kunconywa ukuthi ubondle kungadluli kabili ngesonto.
Ukugcina umbala wemvelo okhanyayo ekudleni libhubesi kumele ibe nemikhiqizo equkethe i-carotene.
ILionfish ube nomuzwa owengeziwe wokuntuleka kwe-calcium. Ngenxa yalokho, amathambo abo aba mancipha, okuvela kuwo umhlathi omncane wezinhlanzi uhlupheka kakhulu. Ukuvimbela le nto engathandeki kokuphakelayo, kunconywa ukufaka i-calcium glycerophosphate noma amanye amalungiselelo aqukethe i-calcium.
ILionfish hhayi ukufakwa ohlwini njengoba kusengozini. Kepha ukungcola kwezilwandle zomhlaba, okuthuthuka ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kufaka ukuncipha kwenani lezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezifakiwe ekudleni libhubesi. Okungasho ukuthi kunciphise amanani abo.
Usizo lokuqala lomjovo onoshevu
Uma unlucky futhi wakukhohlisa libhubesiKunconywa ukuthi ngaphandle kokulinda ubuhlungu obukhulu, imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengu-40 ubeke indawo ethintekile esitsheni samanzi afudumele (45 ° C) noma kuze kube yilapho izinhlungu ziphela. Uma indawo ethintekile yomzimba ingenakubekwa emanzini, ungayifudumeza ngombala wezinwele, uqaphele ukuthi kungashisi ukushisa okukhulu. Ukushisa kubulala amaprotheni anobuthi, kuvimbele ukusakazwa kobuthi emzimbeni wonke. Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okuqeqeshiwe.
Habitat
Indawo yezilwane ezincelisayo ibanzi, kepha ngaphakathi kwezwe. Ukuzwisisa ukuthi i-zebra ihlala kuphi, kufanele ucabangele inhlobo ngayinye:
- Amazwe aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Abyssinia, iNingizimu Afrika, i-Angola, iSouth Sudan, neMozambiki, anesimo sezulu esivumayo, ahlala ama-burchella zebras.
- Ogwadule lwase-Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia - Amathuna.
- INamibia, iCape of Good Hope, iNingizimu Afrika enezindawo eziphakemeyo eza e-Equus zebra.
Eqinisweni, i-zebra ingahlala yonke indawo: ezintabeni, ethafeni, ogwadule, amahlathi.
Isimo esikhulu sokuphila okunethezekile ukungabi khona komuntu ovele alimaze, aphazamise inkambo yempilo ajwayelekile.
Uhlelo lokuhlunga
Ukwenza ngcono isimo samanzi we-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzekela ukufakwa kwesihlungi. Inikeza ukususwa kokungcola kwemishini nokwamakhemikhali emanzini. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi wokuhlunga.
Okuhlanzekile kakhulu yizihlungi zepompu nezomoya zokufaka ukufakwa kwangaphakathi. Ababangeli ubunzima ekusebenzeni, kulula ukuyifaka. Izihlungi zalo mklamo zinomdwebo omkhulu - zisebenza ngomsindo futhi zivala ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kufanele zihlanzwe njalo.
Ubukhulu bokuhlunga obukhulu bungadala ukuphazamiseka e-aquarium encane. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga uhlelo lokuhlunga, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ubukhulu baso nenani lamanzi elingakwazi ukuwahlanza.
Umhlangano wokuhlunga uqondiswe odongeni, khona-ke i-aquarium igcwele ngamanzi. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwenziwa lapho idivaysi ingene ngokuphelele emanzini, kepha ayithinti phansi. Ihose yokunikezela komoya inamathiselwe kwi-nozzle yokuhlunga, kanye nomphetho wesibili odongeni olungaphezulu kwezinga lamanzi.
Umlawuli wokuhlunga usethwe endaweni ephakathi. Ngokwendlela izinhlanzi ezisebenza ngayo, ungaguqula ukugeleza komoya, njengoba ezinye izinhlanzi zithanda ukugeleza okusheshayo, kanti ezinye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihamba ziye kolunye uhlangothi lwe-aquarium. Ukuhlanza isihlungi kokungcola, kuyaxoshwa kumamayini, kuhlukaniswe bese kugezwa. Isihlungi esiqoqwe sifakwa emanzini bese sixhumeka.
Kunolunye uhlobo lokuhlunga - lwangaphandle. Izindleko zalo ziphakeme kunalezo ezenziwa amaphampu, kepha ikhwalithi yokuhlanza ingcono kakhulu. Amadivaysi afanelekile ukuhlanza inani elikhulu lamanzi (100 l nangaphezulu). Izihlungi ezifakiwe ohlelweni lokuhlunga zingahluka: isipanji, amatshe, amasongo.
Amanzi avela ku-aquarium adlula esitsheni esigcwele izinto zokuhlunga. Amanzi ahlanziwe ahlehlela emuva e-aquarium.
Kwanele ukuhlanza isihlungi sangaphandle 1 isikhathi emavikini angama-6 - 2, kanti ukuhlunga kwangaphakathi kuzodingeka kuhlanzwe masonto onke.
Ukuhlanza isihlungi, kunqanyuliwe kugesi, ompompi bavaliwe futhi ama-hoses ayaxoshwa. Ukuvula isivalo, khipha zonke izesekeli zokuhlunga bese uzigeza ngamanzi abilayo. Isipanji esitholakala ngaphakathi kwesihlungi sihlanzwe kahle, kususwe i-fibrous. Ungasebenzisa ukotini okubamba kanye nexubho lakudala ukuze uhlanze i-rotor kanye nama-blade.
Ngemuva kokugeza izingxenye, isihlungi siqoqwe siphinde senziwe kabusha. Uma, ngemuva kokuxhuma kunethiwekhi, amanzi angangeni ku-aquarium, khona-ke kukhona ipulaki yomoya esihlungi. Ukuyiqeda, ungazama ukuvula nokuvula idivaysi kaningana noma uzame ukuyigcwalisa ngamanzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ividiyo yeZebra:
I-Zebra ithathwa njengesilwane esiqinile kakhulu, yingakho kungebona bonke abahlaseli abazoba nayo emazinyweni. Ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwe-zebra aliphezulu kakhulu, kepha uma ligijima njalo lenza i-zigzags, futhi njengoba ukukhuthazela kwalo kuphakeme impela, akuyena wonke umhlaseli onamandla okukubamba. Uma, noma kunjalo, i-zebra ibanjiwe, khona-ke imile emilenzeni yayo yangemuva bese iqala ukukhahlela, iyaluma futhi izivikele.
Ama-Zebras akhulumisana phakathi kwawo nemisindo ekhamayo neyokukhonkotha. Lapho i-zebra ithukuthele, iqala ukudazuluka kakhulu. Imizwa yedube inganqunywa yizindlebe. Uma izindlebe ze-zebra ziqondile, isilwane sizolile. Uma ibuyiselwa emuva, isilwane sisesimweni sokuhlaselwa. Uma izindlebe ziphendukelwa phambili, khona-ke i-zebra yesilwane iyesaba kakhulu.
ILionfish Pterois volitans
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, mhlawumbe ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukugcina i-lionfish emanzini. Unombala ogqamile futhi obukekayo futhi inhlanzi iyasebenza emini. ILionfish yalolu hlobo luvame ukutholakala ezindaweni zasemanzini nasemanzini. Izinhlanzi zikhula zibe amasentimitha angama-40, zihlala kumamitha ayi-2 kuye kwangama-50. Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala olwandle lwePacific kusuka eJapan kuye e-Australia, futhi ukusuka empumalanga yolwandle i-Indian kuya eNew Zealand. Bazingela inhlanzi enobukhulu obufanele, kanye ne-shrimp, lapho bekhetha isisulu, kuhlaselwa umbani endaweni yalo.