Amehlo okweqanda anombala o-sand, obomvu okhanyayo ngama-rosette amnyama ayindilinga, uboya, ukunyathela kalula, umusa wasebukhosini.
Eqinisweni, igama elifanele lengwe yiPanthera pardus, okungukuthi, "i-panther ebonakalayo." Igama lesayensi elithi Panther luhlobo lwamakati amakhulu, ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezine: ibhubesi, ihlosi, ingwe kanye nengwe. Ingwe eyiFar East iyona enkulukazi kuzo zonke izinkampani ezisetshenziswayo. Iningizimu yePrimorsky Krai ilungele impilo: izintaba ezimbozwe ngamahlathi aminyene, imifula esheshayo egeleza phakathi komngcele weKorea neChina. Kwakukhona ukudla okuningi - inyamazane, inyamazane yenyama, izingulube zasendle. Ubuningi bezimila eziminyene, ukudla kanye nokungabikho kwabantu ngokuphelele - yini enye edingekayo enjabulweni yomhlaseli?
Isilwane esivela ezindaweni ezishisayo, ingwe ikwazile ukujwayela isimo sezulu esinzima sasePrimorye. Izikhathi zasehlobo ezishisayo nezinde, ebusika, ebusika eneqhwa kulesi sifunda zilungele amakati angenabala, anesikhathi sokuzalela ngoJanuwari, futhi ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, kuzalwa amakati amakati amancane.
Lesi silwane esihle esizishintshashintshayo sinemilenze eqinile nomsila omude kakhulu - asiza ukugxuma ukusuka endaweni kuya ekuphakameni okungafika kumamitha amahlanu. Azisekho amakati wokugxuma eMhlabeni. Usebenzisa amakhono akhe lapho ethola isisulu - inyamazane enkulukazi, ngokwesibonelo, noma nge-buffalo. Ingasigada izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu endaweni okuhlosiwe, khona-ke, ngokugxuma okushesha kombani, inikeze amandla inyamazane yayo phansi, iqukule umphimbo wayo. Njengoba izivuselele ngobuhlakani bayo, ingwe idla ukwaneliseka, iphakamisa isidumbu sayo phezulu, esihlahleni noma edwaleni. Lokhu kunzima kakhulu, ngoba isidumbu sisindeka kabili ikati uqobo. Ngaphezu kokuqina namandla amangalisayo, ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude ihlukaniswa ngamehlo abukhali amangalisayo: ibheka inyamazane ibanga elingamakhilomitha nekhilomitha!
Lakanye ingwe yayiwumhlobiso ezinkantolo zombuso. Abaphristi baseGibhithe babegcina amakati amakhulu emathempelini. Amakhosi ase-Armenia abaqalisela ezingadini zabo. Ngezikhathi zakudala, izinhloko zombuso, njengophawu lwenhlonipho, zanikeza izilwane ezivamisile futhi ezihlukile.
Ingwe eyiFar East iyisizungu esingabekezeleli abaqhudelana ezinsizeni zayo (hhayi ukubala izintokazi). Isilwane sizulazula kuso sifuna inyamazane futhi asineme kakhulu uma sihlangana nenye iduna noma - okubi kakhulu - "umzala" wayo, ihlosi le-Amur.
Uzama ukungaphambanisi nehlosi: isisulu esinemizila sikhulu futhi sinamandla ngokwengeziwe. Ukuphonsa isixwayiso kubhekeni ngakunye, amakati amabili anomusa kakhulu kule planethi aphambukela ngezindlela ezihlukile.
INDODA YABASEKHAYA
Ipharadesi laseLeopard laphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho umuntu eqala ukubusa kahle iMpumalanga Ekude. Yena, ngesimo sakhe sobuntu esiyinqaba kukho konke okuphilayo, waqala ukugawula amahlathi, akha izindlu, imigwaqo, wabeka amapayipi futhi wamane wagcona: ukudubula lezi zingwe ngokwazo nokudla kwazo - okungahambisani. Amakati amahle abulawa ngenxa yesikhumba, kanye nangenxa yezitho ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa kakhulu komunye umuthi.
Abafuyi be-Deer nabo bayabadubula. Izindawo lapho kugcinwa khona izimpondo ezingafakwanga izimpondo (zokuthola amathole) zikhanga izingwe. Zigxumela kalula inetha ngethemba lokujabulela inyamazane futhi liwele ngaphansi kwezinhlamvu zabanikazi bamapaki e-reindeer. Babulawa inzondo futhi besaba ukuthi isilo singase sihlasele kuqala. Kepha ingwe, ebhekwa njengesisulu esiyingozi kakhulu, ayihlaseli abantu. Okungenani eminyakeni engama-50 edlule akukaze kube necala elilodwa elinjalo eMpumalanga Ekude.
Ingwe ekude yaseMpumalanga ayesabi abantu, kepha izama ukuhlala kude. Enye yezinto ezidla ubhedu ezithandwayo ukubuka lezi ezinemilenze emibili ngenxa yamathanga. Ukuba nokuzwa nokubona ngokuphelele, isilo sizwa umuntu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokusibona. Ikati elinobuhlakani lingena esihlahleni, linganakwa, bese lilandela umkhondo womuntu, limbuke.
ILeopard iyalondolozeka futhi ifihla imfihlo kakhulu. Uhamba ngezindlela ezifanayo iminyaka, kepha ukubona kuyinto engenzeki. Futhi ebusika kuphela, imizila yezinyawo eqhweni ilandisa ngokuphila nokuhamba kwabazingeli. Maye, le mikhondo yaba mincane ngenhlekelele.
Ngaphansi bekuzwakala ukukhala kokukhanywa kwabesilisa. Futhi emagatsheni ezihlahla awekho amamaki avela kuzipi ezibukhali. ILeopard yaphenduka umoya. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ukutholwa okubi kusikhumbuza ubukhona basendle. Isibonelo, ngo-2009, izakhamizi zakule ndawo zathola ingwe yesifazane idutshulwa ngabazingeli. E-autopsy, kwavela ukuthi ukhulelwe. Okubi ukuthi ukubulawa kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuzijabulisa: kungenzeka kakhulu, abazingeli bezithombe bathathe izithombe zememori eduze kwalesi silwane esabulawa bashiya isidumbu sayo kubahlaseli.
Namuhla, ingwe yaseFar East isabalale kwiNcwadi ebomvu yeRussian Federation, ukuzingela kwayo bekuvinjelwe kusukela ngo-1956, futhi ukubanjwa kwenqatshelwe kusukela ngo-1966. Le ndalo ezisengozini ifakiwe naseBhuku eliBomvu le-International Union for Conservation of Nature. Ngokwezibalo zakamuva zobusika zika-2009, izingwe ezingaphansi kuka-40 manje zihlala e-Ussuri taiga.
IZITOLO ZOKUTHENGA
Ngemuva kwezingxoxo ezinde ngale nkinga enkulu, abezemvelo, ososayensi bezemvelo, ososayensi kanye nobuholi bezwe bafika embonweni ojwayelekile: Izingwe zaseMpumalanga Ekude kufanele zisindiswe. Kepha kanjani? Kunezinketho eziningi, kepha zonke zixhumeke ngandlela thile, zidinga imali eningi, umsebenzi obuhlungu futhi. Izinguquko ekuqapheleni kwesibalo sabantu. Ngokudabukisayo, izakhamizi zasePrimorye azintshisakalo ekusindiseni izingwe noma amahlosi e-Amur. Ukuba khona kwezilwane ezidla inyamazane kuyaphazamisa ngisho nezakhamizi zakule ndawo: umbuso olondoloziwe wokugcina awukuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwamahlathi njengezizathu zokuzingela.
Ngo-1994, kwenziwa indawo yokugcina izingane i-zoo eMosco Zoo ukuze kulondolozwe izinhlobo zezilwane ezingandile nezisengozini. Lesi sikhungo sokucwaninga, esivaliwe kubavakashi, sitholakala kumahektha omhlaba angama-200 eduze naseVolokolamsk esifundeni saseMoscow. Abantu bokuqala abayisithupha benyathi eyi-Far East (abesilisa abathathu nabesifazane abathathu) bavele lapha ngonyaka we-1997. Kwavela ukuthi amakati awakhethi ngababili. Abesifazane bathandeka kakhulu futhi bakhethe, bangadlala noma balwe nabobulili obuhlukile, kepha lokhu akulandelwa wukuthandana kothando. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi konyaka, izazi zezilwane zisebenze ukudala ngababili (bakwazile ukwakha ezimbili), iminyaka eminingana izilwane zahlangana ngesikhathi sokutshala, kepha izintokazi azizange zikhulelwe. Ngo-2000, kwabonakala sengathi inhlanhla yamamatheka kososayensi, kepha yonke inzalo (amakati amathathu) yafa. Imizamo yokuthola inzalo kulezi zingwe yaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-2007, lapho izilwane bezifika eminyakeni yobudala bokuzala.
Ngo-2003, kwabonakala u-Isolde omuhle e-nursery, owalethwa eNovosibirsk Zoo. Ekufikeni kokuthomba, "waboshwa" kumuntu omdala (oneminyaka eyi-10) uHarbin. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, izingwe bezilokhu zibukana ngamehlo - Isolde kwavela ukuthi bekunzima kakhulu. Ngo-2006, lo mbhangqwana wawunamakati amathathu, kepha isipiliyoni sokuqala sokondla asiphumelelanga. Amawundlu amabili ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi kukamama washona ngosuku lokuqala, kwathi elesithathu kwathathwa ukuze kudliwe ngawo. Ingane yanikezwa igama lesidlaliso elithi Fir.
Isazi se-Zoologist uTatyana Dyomina sanakekela ingwe ekhaya izinyanga zokuqala. Kwezemfundo wasizwa nguDachshund Plush. Lapho eneminyaka emibili, uFir wadluliselwa kwenye yezindawo zasolwandle e-Italy.
Ngo-2008, u-Isolda wazala amanye amawundlu amabili awondla ngempumelelo. Omunye wabo manje usendaweni yezilwane yaseMoscow lapho echaza khona, owesibili ushonile.
U-Isolda waphenduka umama ohlanya. Akagcinanga lapho engalalanga nhlobo izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala, wazifihla ngokucophelela izingane. Abongikazi bafaka ikhamera yevidiyo kusimo sezindiza ukubuka umama nam kittens ubusuku nemini. U-Isolde akazange akuthande kakhulu lokhu. Ikhamera ibingagcini indawo encane kuphela endlini, futhi u-Izya wafaka amakithi kule ndawo! Akunandaba ukuthi izazi zezilwane zizame kangakanani ukubheka izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, aziphumelelanga kuze kube yilapho izingane sezikhulile futhi zaqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela zizungeza indlu.
Namuhla, u-Isolde unesithandwa esisha - ingwe encane iBratwag, evela eGerman. Hhayi masinyane, kodwa u-Izya wamamukela. Owesilisa akanalwazi futhi wesaba unkosikazi wakhe omdala onokhahlo, ngakho-ke u-Izya uyahlikihla bese eyisonta njengoba efuna. Noma kunjalo, abasebenzi be-zoo banethemba lokuthi ama-kittens amasha azovela entwasahlobo.
IBUYELA KULWAZI
Akunakwenzeka ukukhulula isilo esazalwa ekudingisweni sibuyele ku-taiga. Akesabi abantu futhi into yokuqala azoyenza ukuya ezindaweni eziseduzane, ngoba umuntu umondli wakhe. Ungaqagela ukuthi abantu bendawo bazohlangana kanjani nengwe. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yendawo yengwe yomdabu, kuyadingeka ukudala indawo ebekelwe lapho amakati avela esikhungweni sokuvuselela ahlala khona futhi ezala. Futhi izingane zabo sezizokwazi ukuya emahlathini asendle.
Ukuze ivumelane nempilo ezimele, amawundlu kufanele azalwe kulezo zindawo azokhishwa kuzo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwenziwa kabusha emvelweni. Ngokufanayo, amahlosi e-Amur e-Iran, izingxilimbela eNgilandi, izingwe zaseCentral Asia eCaucasus zibuyela esimweni semvelo.
Kuze kube manje, bakhuluma ngezingwe zaseFar East nje kuphela; ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokuvuselela isimo kumanje kuqale Ussuriisky Reserve. Uhlelo lwakwamanye amazwe lokwenziwa kabusha kwengwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude lube semvelo lusekuqaleni kwendlela - yamazwe omhlaba, ngoba izingwe zizulazula ziye eKorea naseChina. Bahamba, bathele inzalo lapho futhi babuyela esifundeni sabo sendabuko.
Manje ochwepheshe bokuqashwa kokuzingela kwePrimorye balungiselela ukubalwa kwabantu okulandelayo kwezingwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izicupho zekhamera okuthiwa zikuvumela ukuthi wazi izilwane "uqobo." Ikhamera ebekwe esihlahleni iphendula konke ukunyakaza. Isilwane sidlula, imililo yezinzwa, nekhamera ithatha isithombe. Ama-Rosette esikhumbeni sezingwe angawodwana, njengesithombe entendeni yesandla sethu. Ngakho-ke, ukubalwa kwabantu kuzoba okunembile.
Ngokusho kweWorld Environment Organisation, njengamanje ama-zoo angama-60 namaqoqo azimele emhlabeni aqukethe izingwe ezi-195 zaseMpumalanga Ekude (abesilisa abangama-104 nezinsikazi ezingama-91), kanti zonke izingwe ezizalwe ekudingisweni zivela kubasunguli abayishumi ababanjwe ngokwemvelo.
Futhi yini okufanele uyenze ngemuva kokubalwa kwabantu? Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi ulwe nokuzingela. Imithetho ayisebenzi. Inhlawulo ephezulu yesilwane esingandile esifile cishe ngama-ruble ayi-1000. Futhi, njengoba izisebenzi zaseMoscow zoo nursery zisho, akekho obamba noma ubani.
Mhlawumbe kungaba wusizo kithi ukwamukela isipiliyoni sezindawo zakwamanye amazwe. Emazweni amaningi, indawo yokugcina iyindawo yokuzijabulisa nokuhamba kwezivakashi, okusho ukuthi yenza inzuzo, nakho kubalulekile. Futhi akunabazingeli bezindawo zabo. Kunombono ohlukile ngemvelo yabo nangengqondo ehlukile.
Futhi indlela yethu yokucabanga ishiya ukufiseleka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile asicabangi ukuthi uma ingwe yaseFar East (noma i-pheasant, noma impisi, noma esinye isilwane) inyamalala, khona-ke ukuvumelana okuvamile komhlaba omhlaba omuhle, esiyingxenye yawo, kuyophulwa.
Ungayibona kanjani ingwe yase-Amur
Isisindo sabesilisa bezingwe zaseMpumalanga Ekude ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwamakhilogremu angama-32-48; phambilini, abamele abakhulu bezinhlobo ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-60-75 babuye bahlangatshezwa. Izinsikazi zinesisindo esincane uma ziqhathaniswa nabesilisa, isisindo sazo sifinyelela ku-25-43 kilos.
Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile bezingwe ze-Amur bungamasentimitha angama-105. Emabeleni afinyelela amasentimitha angama-65-75. Izingwe zaseMpumalanga Ekude zinomsila omude cishe ngamasentimitha angama-80- ubukhulu.
Isisulu sinoboya obukhulu, obuthambile nobude. Ehlobo, ubude boboya bungamasentimitha ayi-2,5, kuthi ebusika uboya bube bude kakhulu - amasentimitha ayi-7.5. Ngasemuva, uboya bufushane kunasesiswini.
Ingwe yase-Amur ingumhlaseli wangempela.
Umbala oyinhloko wesikhumba uphuzi ngokugqamile, kepha isifuba, isisu namathiphu ama-paws akhaphukhaphu kunomzimba wonke. Isikhumba sihlotshiswe amabala amnyama. Amabala emuva nasemaceleni asondelene komunye nomunye, futhi phakathi kwawo kukhona izikhala zombala obomvu ophuzi.
Izingwe ze-Amur zilula kakhulu ngombala kunezingwe zase-Afrika naseNdiya. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezingwe zaseMpumalanga Ekude ngamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amur leopards yokuphila, ukondleka nobuningi
Ngesinye isikhathi, ingwe yase-Amur yaba nesikhathi esinzima kulezo zindawo lapho kwakuhlala khona amahlosi e-Amur. Kepha, namuhla, lezi zinkinga zibhekwa njengezincane kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezadalwa ngumuntu uqobo. Isizathu esikhulu sokuqothulwa kwenani lalaba bantu abahlukumezanayo esiyingqayizivele siwukuzingela.
Ingwe ekude yaseMpumalanga iyisilwane esisengozini.
Izingwe ezikude kakhulu zaseMpumalanga azizingeli kuphela ngabantu bendawo, kodwa futhi nabantu baseRussia abacebile baseVladivostok. Futhi, izakhamizi zaseChina ezinqamula umngcele neRussia zifaka isandla ngokungemthetho.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka 2002, izingwe eziyisishiyagalolunye zaseMpumalanga eseMpumalanga kanye nezi-2 ezisensimini yeChina zidutshuliwe endaweni yezwe lethu. Ukuzingela okukhulu kubhidlizwa yimithetho enokhahlo. Kulolu daba, inqubomgomo elukhuni kunazo zonke ilandelwa eChina, lapho isigwebo sentambo sibhekene nokufa nengwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude. Ezweni lethu, imithetho ithembeke kakhulu - abazingeli abathole ejele bathola iminyaka emibili ejele kanye nenhlawulo yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, okuyindawo yokuhlala yalomhlaseli, nakho kuholela ekunciphiseni kwabantu be-Leopard eseMpumalanga Ekude. Abahlali bendawo bavame ukushisa ihlathi, ngaleyo ndlela bekhuthaza ukukhula kwefern, okungenye yezithako ezithandwayo ekudleni kwaseChinese naseFar East. Ukuthengisa ama-ferns kuletha inzuzo enkulu, futhi inani lesilo esiyingqayizivele liyancipha. Amanani alezi zilwane ancipha ngokwesabekayo.
Ingane yengwevu ye-Amur: awuzukudlala nge kitten enje.
Izingwe ze-Amur zidla ikakhulukazi izinyamazane ze-maes, i-roe deer, amabheji nama hares. Isimo esikhona manje siholela eqinisweni lokuthi amakati amakhulu aphoqelelwa ukuba aguqule indawo ahlala kuyo, ngoba awakwazi ukuzihlinzeka ngenani elidingekayo lokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingwe zaseMpumalanga Ekude zivame ukubulawa yindlala nezinhlamvu ezivela kubazingeli.
Ukuzalela ingwe eyiMpumalanga Ekude
Lezi zakhamuzi zasehlathini ze-taiga zithanda indlela yokuphila eyedwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kuphela lapho abesilisa behlangana nezinsikazi. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela, njengomthetho, ngenyanga kaJanuwari. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala izinyanga ezi-3. Umama wesikhathi esizayo ufuna umhume, kungaba ngumhume, ukudangala emhlabathini noma umgodi phakathi kwamatshe.
Izinsana zizalwa entwasahlobo, kukhona amazinyane angama-2-3 kwilitha, azinamehlo, kepha isikhumba sazo sesivele sivele. Izingwe ezisencane azishiyi onina iminyaka emi-2. Eminyakeni engu-3 yobudala, banokuthomba. Endle, isikhathi sokuphila kwezingwe zase-Far Eastern yiminyaka eyi-12-15. Ekuthunjweni, la makati ahlukile ahlala isikhathi eside - aze afike eminyakeni engama-20.
Ukuvikelwa nezinyathelo zokwandisa isibalo sezingwe zase-Amur
Umbono wabantu endle udabukisa kakhulu. Izingwe zaseMpumalanga Ekude zihlala ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, lapho zizalela khona. Namuhla, abantu abangu-300 bezingwe ze-Amur bahlala ezindaweni zokugcina izwe lethu, eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Imiphumela emihle yokuzalanisa lezi zilwane izuzwe eTallinn Zoo e-Estonia.
Ochwepheshe abavela emazweni amaningana basungula uhlelo lokushintshana kwezingwe zaseFar East phakathi kwezilwane zasolwandle. Lokhu kufanele kunikeze imiphumela efanele kuzinga lofuzo futhi kuvikele ukuwohloka kwezinhlobo ezingaphansi. Kunezinhlelo ezivelelayo zokufuduswa kwezingwe zaseFar East ngokuzayo ziye endle.
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