ITaipan (kusuka kwi-Latin Oxyuranus) luhlobo lwesinye sezidalwa ezinobuthi futhi eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wethu kusuka eqenjini elimatasatasa, umndeni wabasizi.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zalezi zilwane:

— I-Coastal Taipan (kusuka esiLatini Oxyuranus scutellatus).
- Inyoka enonya noma yasogwadule (kusuka kwi-Latin Oxyuranus microlepidotus).
- I-Taipan inland (kusuka kwi-Latin Oxyuranus temporalis).

ITaipan inyoka enobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni, amandla wobuthi bayo anamandla acishe abe ngu-150 kune-cobra. Umthamo owodwa wobuthi benyoka le unele ukuthumela emhlabeni olandelayo abantu abadala abangaphezu kwekhulu bokwakha okuphakathi. Ngemuva kokulunywa yisilwane esidliwayo esinjalo, uma isidakamizwa singakhiswanga kungakapheli amahora amathathu, umuntu uzofa emahoreni angama-5-6.

I-taipan yesithombe esisogwini

Odokotela basanda kusungula futhi baqala ukukhiqiza umuthi obulala ubuthi beTaipan, futhi benziwa ubuthi balezi zinyoka, obungatholwa bufika kuma-300 mg esinqumweni esisodwa. Kulokhu, e-Australia kunenombolo eyanele yabazingeli yalezi zinhlobo zama-aspid futhi kulezi zindawo ungamane nje umane thenga inyoka ye-taipan.

Yize bambalwa ama-zoo emhlabeni abangahlangabezana nalezi zinyoka ngenxa yengozi empilweni yabasebenzi kanye nobunzima bokuzigcina zithunjiwe. Indawo indawo yokuhlala yenyoka kuvaliwe ezwenikazi elilodwa - lezi yi-Australia kanye neziqhingi zasePapua New Guinea.

Ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba kungaqondakala kalula kusuka kuwo kanye amagama ezinhlobo zalezi zinto. Kushiywe kanjalo inyoka noma inyoka enolaka, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi,, uhlala ezifundeni eziphakathi ne-Australia, kanti i-taipan yasogwini ijwayelekile ogwini olusenyakatho nolwaseNyakatho-mpumalanga yaleli zwekazi naseziqhingini eziseduze zaseNew Guinea.

I-Oxeuranus temporalis ihlala ngokujulile e-Australia futhi yakhonjwa njengenhlobo ehlukile muva nje, ngonyaka we-2007. Kuyivelakancane, ngoba okwamanje kufundwe kabi futhi kuchazwa kakhulu. Kuhlala inyoka yeTaipan ezindaweni ezinesihlahla ezinamathela kude kude nemizimba yamanzi. Inyoka enesihluku ikhetha inhlabathi eyomile, amasimu amakhulu namathafa okuphila.

Ngaphandle, izinhlobo azinakho umehluko oqinile. Umzimba omude kunayo yonke i-taipan yasogwini, ifinyelela kubukhulu obufika kumamitha amathathu nengxenye enesisindo somzimba esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha. Izinyoka zasogwadule zimfushane - ubude bazo bufinyelela kumamitha amabili.

Isikali sombala inyoka yenyoka Kuhlukahluka kusuka kokusansundu okukhanyayo kuya onsundu omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abaphethe umbala obomvu onsundu. Isisu sihlala sinemibala elula, emuva kunemibala emnyama. Ikhanda amathoni ambalwa amnyama ngaphezu komhlane. Isizungulu sihlala silula kunomzimba.

Kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, lezi zinhlobo zezinyoka zithola umbala wesikali, ziguqula izithunzi ezingaphezulu komzimba ngomunye umolt. Ukucatshangelwa kwamazinyo alezi zilwane kufanele ukunakwe ngokukhethekile. Kuvuliwe isithombe se-taipan yinyoka ungabona amazinyo abanzi futhi amakhulu (afinyelela ku-1-1.3 cm) abalimaza ngawo izisulu zawo.

Izithombe nomlomo namazinyo e-taipan

Lapho igwinye ukudla, umlomo wenyoka uvuleka kakhulu, cishe ngamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, ukuze amazinyo aye ohlangothini naphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela angaphazamisi ukuhamba kokudla ngaphakathi.

Isimo nendlela yokuphila kaTaipan

Iningi labantu baseTaipan baphila impilo yansuku zonke. Kuphela phakathi kokushisa lapho bakhetha ukungabonakali elangeni bese ukuzingela kwabo kuqala kusihlwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga noma kusukela ekuseni kakhulu, lapho kungakashisi ukushisa.

Bachitha iningi lamahora abo aphaphama befuna ukudla nokuzingela, imvamisa becasha emithini futhi balinde ukubukeka kwesisulu sabo. Yize iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlobo zezinyoka zichitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle kokunyakaza, ziyadlala kakhulu futhi ziyaguga. Lapho isisulu sivela noma sizwa ingozi, inyoka ingahamba ngemizuzwana ebukhali ngamamitha ayi-3-5 ngendaba yemizuzwana.

Kuvuliwe Ividiyo yenyoka yeTaipan ungabona imicibisholo esheshayo yokuhamba kwalezi zidalwa ngenkathi kuhlaselwa. Imvamisa lapho umndeni we-taipan Snake Ayihlali kude nalapho kuhlala khona abantu emhlabathini owakhiqizwa ngabantu (ngokwesibonelo, amasimu omoba), ngoba izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala endaweni enjalo, ethi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyokondla lezi zinsongo ezinobuthi.

Kodwa amaTaipan awafani kunoma yiluphi udlame, azama ukuhlala kude nomuntu futhi angahlasela kuphela lapho ezwa ingozi kubo noma enzalweni yabo kubantu.

Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, inyoka ikhombisa ukungathandeki kwayo ngazo zonke izindlela ezingabakhona, igibela ngasephuma ngomsila wayo iphakamise ikhanda layo phezulu. Uma lezi zenzo ziqala ukwenzeka, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ngokushesha usuke kulowo muntu ngoba uma kungenjalo, ngomzuzu olandelayo kungenzeka ukuthola ukuluma okunobuthi.

Ukudla Kwenyoka YaseTaipan

Inyoka Yobuthi YaseTaipan, njengamanye ama-aspid amaningi, idla amagundane amancane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Amaxoxo nezikeleza ezincane nazo zingahamba ziyothenga ukudla.

Lapho ifuna ukudla, inyoka ihlola ngokucophelela indawo eseduze futhi, ngenxa yokubuka kwayo okuhle, ibona ukunyakaza okuncane ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngemuva kokuthola inyamazane yayo, isondela kuye ngokunyakaza okuningana futhi yenza ukulunywa okukodwa noma okubili ngesikhafu esicijile, bese ihamba ibanga lokubonakala, ivumele induku ukuthi ife ubuthi.

Ubuthi obuqukethwe yisihlungu salezi zinyoka buthisa izicubu zesisulu nohlelo lokuphefumula. Ngokuzayo, i-taipan noma inyoka enonya ukusondela nokugwinya isidumbu senduku noma sexoxo, esidayidwa ngokushesha emzimbeni.

Inyoka yeTaipan. Indlela yokuphila yenyoka yaseTaipan nendawo yokuhlala

Isikhathi eside akekho owazi lutho ngalenyoka, futhi yonke imininingwane ngayo yayimbozwe ezimfihlakalo nasezinsikeni. Bambalwa abantu abambona, kuphela lapho abantu bephinda bephinda bethi lapho ukhona khona.

Ngonyaka wamashumi ayisithupha nesikhombisa wekhulu le-19, lenyoka yachazwa okokuqala, yabe isinyamalala emehlweni iminyaka engama-50. Ngaleso sikhathi, cishe abantu abayikhulu bafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokulunywa yi-asp, futhi abantu babedinga kakhulu umuthi wokuvikela umuthi.

Futhi kakade ngonyaka wamashumi amahlanu wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umuntu owayebambe inyoka, uKevin Baden, wamfuna, wamthola futhi wabanjwa, kodwa lesi silwane esidabukisayo ngandlela-thile sagwaza sabulala umfana osemncane. Ukwazile ukusifaka esikhwameni esikhethekile, lesi sidalwa esibuthakathaka sabanjwa futhi sayiswa esifundweni.

Ngakho-ke, ngentengo yempilo yomuntu oyedwa, amakhulu abanye asindiswa. Umuthi wokugomela ekugcineni wenziwe, kepha bekufanele uphathwe kungakapheli nemizuzu emithathu ngemuva kokulunywa, kungenjalo ukufa bekungeke kwenzeke.

Ngemuva, izikhungo zezokwelapha zaba thenga amathayi. Ngaphezu kwalomjovo, kwenziwa imishanguzo ehlukahlukene enobuthi. Kepha akubona bonke abazingeli abavumayo ukubabamba, bazi ulaka ngokweqile nokuhlasela okusheshayo. Ngisho nezinkampani zomshuwalense zenqabile ukuthola umshuwalense wababambe kulezi zinyoka.

Ukuzala futhi Isikhala Sokuphila Kwenyoka yeTaipan

Ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu, amaTaipans angamaduna afinyelela ekukhulelweni, kuyilapho izinsikazi ziba sezilungele ukukhulelwa kuphela emva kweminyaka emibili. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, okungukuthi, ngokomthethosisekelo, kungenzeka unyaka wonke, kodwa kunenamba entwasahlobo (e-Australia, entwasahlobo kaJulayi-Okthoba), izimpi zesiko labesilisa ilungelo lokuthola nowesifazane zenzeka, emva kwalokho izinyoka zihlukana ngababili ukwenza isisu.

Isidleke seTaipan

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi ngokuzalela, umusi ususwa ukhoselwe kowesilisa, hhayi owesimame. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50 kuye kwangama-80 lapho eqala ukubeka amaqanda akhe endaweni ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi, imisele yezinye izilwane, amaphutha enhlabathini, amatshe noma ukufakwa ezimpandeni zezihlahla.

Ngokwesilinganiso, insikazi eyodwa izalela amaqanda ayi-10-15, irekhodi eliphezulu eliqoshwe ososayensi ngamaqanda angama-22. Kuwo wonke unyaka, insikazi ibekela amaqanda kaningana.

Ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu emva kwalokhu, kuqhamuka amawundlu amancane, aqala ukukhula ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha ashiye umndeni ngenxa yokuphila okuzimele. Endle, akukho mkhondo wokuphila we-taipan orekhodiwe. Ema-terrariums, lezi zinyoka zingaphila iminyaka eyi-12-15.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Taipan McCoy

Ama-taipans amabili ase-Australia: i-taipan (O. scutellatus) ne-taipan McCoy (O. microlepidotus) bahlanganyela okhokho abajwayelekile. Ucwaningo lwezinhlobo ze-mitochondrial zalezi zinhlobo libonisa ukungafani okuvela nokuvela kokhokho ojwayelekile cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye edlule. UTaipan McCoy wayaziwa kuma-aborigines base-Australia eminyakeni engama-40,000-60,000 edlule. Ama-Aborigine endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi yiLaguna Goyder enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSouth Australia, iTaipan McCoy yabizwa ngokuthi iDandarabilla.

Ukuvela kwe-taipan

ITaipan inosayizi omuhle. Ukwenza isibonelo, iMnyuziyamu yaseQueensland ibonise isabekayo le nyoka, ubude bayo bomzimba ingamamitha angama-2.9, lo muntu onobunzima obungamakhilogremu ayi-6.5.

Kepha ungathola futhi nezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinobukhulu bamamitha angu-3.3. Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile beTaipans ngamamitha ayi-1.96, futhi isisindo singamakhilogremu amathathu.

ITaipan inyoka enkulu.

Ikhanda lalezi zinyoka lide, lincane ngesimo. Amehlo makhulu, ayindilinga. I-iris iluhlaza onsundu noma nsundu. Umzimba umnyama ngombala ukwedlula isibalo. Umzimba wenyoka uqinile futhi uqinile. Umbala uncike endaweni ahlala kuyo, ikakhulukazi ungumnqumo olula, kepha ungaba ngmpunga omnyama noma obomvu onsundu. Kukhona nama-taipans amnyama. Umbala ngemuva umnyama mnyama kunasezinhlangothini. Isisu sinombala ophuzi noma ompunga omhlophe; amabala apinki noma owolintshi ahlala evela kuso.

I-Taipan Behavior kanye Nutrition

Indawo yokuhlala yaseTaipan imanzi, ihlathi elomile futhi linamahlathi amakhulu. Okuncanyelwe lezi zilwanyana eziyizindawo ezisogwini ezisogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaTaipan ahlala ekuphakanyisweni komhlaba emadolobheni, kanye nasekutshaleni okwenziwe ngabantu okwenziwe ngabantu. Amahlathi kashukela, lapho inani elikhulu lamagundane lihlala khona, iyindawo ayithandayo yezinyoka. Ama-Taipans ajwayele ukungena emiseleni yezilwane, izinqwaba zemfucumfucu kanye nezingodo ezingenalutho.

Umhlangano ne-taipan yomuntu ungaqeda ngokudabukisayo.

Lezi zinyoka ziyasebenza ekuseni, kepha ehlobo, ekushiseni okukhulu, zivame ukushintshela ekudleni ebusuku. Babona kahle ebumnyameni. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ama-taipans aphakamisa amakhanda abo futhi afune inyamazane. Ngemuva kokuba imtholile, inyoka iyaqala iqhume, bese imgijimisa masinyane imkhonkothe ​​kaningi. Kube kuvumela isisulu ukubalekela, njengoba i-rodent ingadala ukulimala ngesikhathi sokulwa. Isilwane esifakwe ubuthi ngeke size kude. Ngemuva kokuluma, ushona kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20.

AmaTaipan adla ngamagundane amancane.

AmaTaipan adla ngamagundane nezinyoni. Abamele lezinhlobo banolaka emvelweni, ngakho-ke, bavame ukuhlasela abantu. Lapho inyoka iluma umuntu, khona-ke, uma umzimba ubuthakathaka, angafa kungakapheli isigamu sehora. Kepha, njengomthetho, isikhathi esimaphakathi sifinyelela imizuzu engama-90. Uma ungalethi i-antidote, lapho-ke ngamaphesenti ayi-100 imiphumela ebulalayo yenzeka. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-taipan inyoka eyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke umhlangano naye ungaphela ngokudabukisa kakhulu.

Ubuthi beTuipan oGwini

Amazinyo ama-Adult Taipan anobuthi afinyelela ku-1,3 cm ubude. Izindlala ezinobuthi zenyoka enjalo ziqukethe i-400 mg ye-toxin, kepha ngokwesilinganiso inani layo eliphelele alikho ngaphezu kwe-120 mg. Ubuhlungu balesi silwanyana esidlekayo ikakhulukazi sinomphumela oqinile we-neurotoxic futhi wabizwa ngokuthi yi-coagulopathic. Lapho ubuthi bungena emzimbeni, ukuqhuma okubukhali kokuvela kwezicubu zomzimba, kanye nemisipha yokuphefumula ikhubazekile futhi ukugcwala kwegazi kukhubazekile. Ukulunywa yi-taipan kuvame ukudala ukufa kungakapheli amahora ayishumi nambili ngemuva kokuba ubuthi bungene emzimbeni.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ensimini yombuso wase-Australia waseQueensland, lapho ama-taipan asogwini evame kakhulu, njalo ukulunywa kwesibili kuyafa ngenxa yobuthi balenyoka enolaka.

Ezimweni zokuhlola, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe u-40-44 mg wobuthi angatholakala kwinyoka eyodwa endala. Umthamo omncane onjalo wenele ukubulala abantu abayikhulu noma amagundane ayi-250 000 wokulinga. Umthamo obulalayo ojwayelekile we-taipan venom yi-LD50 0.01 mg / kg, okucishe kube yingozi izikhathi ezingama-178-180 kune-cobra venom. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuthi benyoka abuyona neze into eyinhloko eyakhiwe, kepha i-enzyme yokugaya ukudla noma isigaxa okuthiwa siguquliwe.

UTaipan McCoy

UTaipan McCoy (lat.Oxyuranus microlepidotus) noma inland taipan (inland taipan) - ifinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-1.9. Umbala wangemuva wehluka kusuka kumnyama onsundu kuya kotshani, okuwukuphela kwenyoka yase-Australia eshintsha umbala kuye ngeskhathi sonyaka - ebusika (ngoJuni-Agasti), lapho le nyoka ingashisi kangako kuba mnyama kakhulu. Ikhanda limnyama futhi lingathola umbala omnyama ocwebezelayo.

Uhla lukhawulelwe enkabeni ye-Australia - ikakhulukazi empumalanga yeQueensland, kepha aluvamile ukutholakala enyakatho yezifundazwe ezingomakhelwane zeNew South Wales neNorthern Territory. Ihlala emathafeni awomile nogwadule, icashe imifantu nasemaphutheni omhlabathi, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuyithola. Idla cishe kuphela izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Izinsikazi zigcina amaqanda ayi-12 ukuya ku-2020 kumifantu ejulile noma emiseleni elahliwe; Izinsuku ezingama-66.

Lesi isihlungu sezinyoka zomhlaba. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-44 mg ubuthi atholakala enyokeni eyodwa - leli dosi lanele ukubulala abantu abayikhulu noma amagundane angama-250,000. Ngomthamo obulalayo ojwayelekile we-LD50 ka-0,01 mg / kg, ubuthi bawo buba namandla aphindwe kasi-180 kune-cobra. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani ne-taipan, i-taipan kaMcCoy ayinayo intukuthelo; wonke amacala abhalwe phansi okuluma kungumphumela wokungayiphathi ngokunganaki. Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngalenyoka.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Inyoka enolaka iyisakhamuzi sase-Australia esijwayelekile, sincamela indawo ephakathi nezwe nezindawo ezisenyakatho. Isilo sasendle sihlala emathafeni awomile nasezindaweni eziwugwadule, lapho sicasha khona imifantu yemvelo, emaphutheni omhlabathi noma ngaphansi kwamadwala, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukutholakala kwawo.

Ukudla Kwasogwini Taipan

Isisekelo sokudla kwe-taipan yasogwini zingama-amphibians kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, kufaka phakathi izinduku ezahlukahlukene. UTaipan McCoy, owaziwa nangokuthi i-inland noma i-taipan yasogwadule, udla ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, angasebenzisi i-amphibians nhlobo.

Izitha zemvelo

Yize kunobuthi, i-taipan ingaba yisisulu sezilwane eziningi, ezibandakanya amabala amnyama, izidleke zangasese, imisuka, izinsimbi kanye nezinye izisulu ezinamabala amakhulu. Inyoka eyingozi ehlala eduze kwezindlu zomuntu noma emasimini omhlanga ivame ukubhujiswa ngabantu.

Ividiyo: Taipan McCoy Snake

Le taipan yaqala ukunakwa ngo-1879. Kutholakale izidakamizwa ezimbili ezinyantisa igazi ngesikhathi kutholakala iMurray kanye neDarling Rivers enyakatho nentshonalanga yeVictoria futhi kuchazwe uFrederick McCoy, ogama lolo hlobo lweDiemenia microlepidota. Ngo-1882, kwaqanjwa uthotho lwesithathu eduzane naseBourke, New South Wales, kwathi uD. Maclay wachaza inyoka efanayo ebizwa ngeDiemenia ferox (ecabanga ukuthi kwakuyinhlobo ehlukile). Ngo-1896, uGeorge Albert Boulanger wahlukanisa zombili izinyoka njengezinobuzwe obufanayo, iPseudechis.

Iqiniso elihehayo: I-Oxeuranus microlepidotus igama lenyoka elivela enyokeni kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980. Igama elijwayelekile u-Oxyuranus ovela ku-Greek OXYS "libukhali, libunjwe ngenaliti" kanye ne-Ouranos "arch" (ikakhulukazi, iqoqo lamazulu) futhi libhekisela ocwaningweni lwenalithi eselangeni lesibhakabhaka, igama elithile elithi microlepidotus lisho ukuthi "amancane-scaled" (lat).

Njengoba kwatholakala ukuthi inyoka (eyayikade iyi: Parademansia microlepidota) empeleni iyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Oxeuranus (taipan) nolunye uhlobo, i-Oxeuranus scutellatus, ngaphambi kokuthi lalibizwa nje ngokuthi yi-taipan (igama livela egameni lenyoka elivela olimini lwe-Dhayban Aboriginal), lahlukaniswa njengasogwini ITaipan, ne-Oxyuranus microlepidotus esanda kukhonjwa indlela, yaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi iMcCoy Taipan (noma i-Western Taipan). Ngemuva kwencazelo yokuqala yenyoka, imininingwane ngayo ayifikanga ngo-1972, lapho le nhlobo iphinde yavulwa.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Taipan McCoy Snake

Inyoka yeTaipan McCoy inombala omnyama, ohlanganisa ibanga lamathunzi ukusuka kumnyama ogcwele ukugcwala okuluhlaza okotshani (kuya ngesizini). Ngemuva, izinhlangothi nomsila kufaka phakathi izithunzi ezahlukahlukene ezimpunga kanye nezinsundu, ezinezikali eziningi ezinomphetho obanzi obumnyama. Izikali ezimakwe ebumnyameni zitholakala kumigqa ye-diagonal, zenza iphethini yokuqhathanisa enamamaki wobude obuguquguqulwayo abekwe emuva naphansi. Isikali esiphansi se-lateral sivame ukuba ne-maride yangaphandle ephuzi, izikali ze-dorsal zibushelelezi.

Ikhanda nentamo enekhala eliyindilinga kuneemithunzi emnyama kakhulu kunomzimba (ebusika - emnyama ecwebezelayo, ehlobo - nsundu elimnyama). Umbala omnyama uvumela iTaipan McCoy ukuthi izishise ngokwayo, iveze ingxenye encane yomzimba emnyango wegodi. Amehlo asayizi aphakathi nendawo ane-iris e-brownish brownish futhi akukho rowu enemibala ebonakalayo ezungeze umfundi.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: UTaipan McCoy angakwazi ukuguqula umbala wakhe ekushiseni komoya wangaphandle, ngakho-ke kukhanya ehlobo futhi kube mnyama ebusika.

I-Taipan McCoy inezintambo ezingama-23 zesikali se-dorsal engxenyeni ephakathi yomzimba, isuka ku-55 iye ku-70 isikali esihlukanisiwe. Ubude obuphakathi benyoka bubalelwa ku-1,8 m, yize izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zingafinyelela ubude obugcwele bamamitha ayi-2,5. Amachashaza ayo anobude obuyi-3.5 kuya ku-6.2 mm (amafushane kunalawo we-taipan osogwini).

Manje usuyazi ngenyoka enobuthi kunazo zonke iTaipan McCoy. Sibona ukuthi uhlala kuphi nokuthi udlani.

Ngabe ihlala kuphi inyoka iTaipan McCoy?

Isithombe: Inyoka enobuthi kaTaipan McCoy

Le taipan ihlala emathafeni ase-chernozem ezifundeni ezinomhlaba omncane lapho imingcele yeQueensland neNingizimu Australia ihlangana khona. Uhlala ikakhulukazi endaweni encane ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezishisayo, kepha kunemibiko yamacala angawodwa okuqashelwa eningizimu yeNew South Wales. Indawo abahlala kuyo isendaweni ekude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yabo yokusabalalisa ayisiyikhulu kakhulu. Imihlangano phakathi kwabantu neTaipan McCoy ayivelakancane, ngoba inyoka imfihlo kakhulu futhi ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Lapho, uzizwa ekhululekile, ikakhulukazi emifuleni eyomile nasemifudlaneni enezihlahla eziqhekekile.

ITaipan McCoy iyindawo enkulu ezweni lase-Australia. Ububanzi bawo abufundiswanga ngokuphelele, ngoba lezi zinyoka zinzima ukulandela umkhondo ngenxa yokuziphatha okuyimfihlo, futhi ngoba zifihla ngobuciko emifantu nasemaphutheni omhlabathi.

EQueensland, kwabonwa inyoka:

• I-Dayamantina National Park,
• eziteshini zezinkomo iDurrie neThains Morney,
• I-Astrebla Downs National Park.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka kwalezi zinyoka kuqoshwe eSouth Australia:

• Isithokomali sikaGoyder
• IThabari ugwadule
• ihlane elinamadwala eSturt,
• eduze ne-kungi lake,
• E-Innamincka Regionalendle Refuge,
• emadolobheni aphansi e-Odnadatta.

Inani labantu elihlala lodwa litholakala eduze kwedolobha elincane elingaphansi komhlaba iCoober Pedy. Kunamarekhodi amabili amadala ezindawo ahlala kude nasempumalanga mpumalanga lapho kwatholakala khona inyoka yeTaipan McCoy: ukuthatheka kwemifula iMurray neDarling enyakatho nentshonalanga yeVictoria (1879) nedolobha laseBurke, iNew South Wales (1882) . Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo azikaze zibonwe kunoma iyiphi kulezi zindawo kusukela.

Ngabe idla yiphi inyoka iTaipan McCoy?

Isithombe: I-Taipan McCoy Snake Enobungozi

Endle, i-taipan mccoy idla kuphela izilwane ezincelisayo, ikakhulukazi izinduku, njengegundane elinezinwele ezinde (R. villosissimus), amagundane acwebile (P. australis), i-marsupial jerboas (A. laniger), igundane lasekhaya (Mus musculus) namanye ama-dasurids, futhi nezinyoni nezinyoni. Ekudingisweni, angadla nsuku zonke izinkukhu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Amabhuna kaTaipan McCoy afinyelela ku-10 mm ubude, ngawo angaluma ngisho nezicathulo zesikhumba eziqinile.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi, ezishaywa ngokulunywa okufanayo, bese ziphindela emuva, zilinde ukufa kwesisulu, inyoka enolaka inqoba isisulu ngochungechunge lweziteleka ezisheshayo nezinembile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kungalunywa izihlungu ezingafika kweziyisishiyagalombili ngokuhlaselwa okukodwa, kuvame ukudonsa imihlathi ngobudlova ukuze kuhlukumeze izindlela eziningi kuhlaselo olufanayo. Isu lokuhlasela elisengozini iTaipan McCoy lihilela ukubamba isisulu ngomzimba waso futhi ukuluma kaninginingi. Wethula ubuthi obunobuthi obukhulu ngokujulile umhlatshelo. Ubuthi busebenza ngokushesha kangangokuba umkhiqizo awunaso isikhathi sokulwa emuva.

AbakwaTaipans McCoy akuvamile ukuthi bahlangane nabantu endle ngenxa yokude nokubukeka kwesikhashana phakathi nosuku. Uma ungadali ukudlidliza nomsindo omningi, abazizwa bekhathazekile ngenxa yobukhona bomuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe kanye nebanga elivikelekile, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekulimeni okungabulala. UTaipan McCoy uzozivikela futhi ahlasele uma kwenzeka ethukuthela, ehlukumeza, noma evimba ukubaleka kwakhe.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Taipan McCoy e-Australia

I-taipan yangaphakathi ibhekwa njengenyoka enobuthi kunayo yonke emhlabeni, ubuthi bayo obunamandla izikhathi eziningi kunobuthi be-cobra. Ngemuva kokulunywa yinyoka, ukufa kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-45 uma i-antiserum ingakhishwanga. Kuyasebenza ubusuku nemini, kuya ngesizini. Maphakathi nehlobo kuphela lapho uTaipan McCoy eya ekuzingeleni ebusuku kuphela futhi abuyele ntambama aye emiseleni yezilwane zasendulo ezilahliwe.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: EsiNgisini, inyoka ibizwa ngokuthi "inyoka enonya." UTaipan McCoy uthole leli gama kubalimi, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuzingela ulandela imfuyo emadlelweni. Ngenxa yomlando wokutholwa kwayo kanye nobuthi obukhulu, yaba yinyoka edumile kunazo zonke e-Australia maphakathi nawo-1980.

Kodwa-ke, iTaipan McCoy isilwane esinamahloni ukuthi, uma kwenzeka sengozi, sigijime futhi sicashe ngemisele ngaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, uma kungenzeki ukuphunyula, bathuthela esimweni sokuzivikela futhi balinde umzuzu ofanele wokuluma umhlaseli. Uma uhlangabezana nalenhlobo, awusoze wazizwa ulondekile lapho inyoka yenza umbono othule.

Njengezinyoka eziningi, ngisho noTaylan McCoy ulokhu eqhubeka nokuziphatha kwakhe ngolaka, ngenkathi ekholelwa ukuthi kuyingozi. Lapho nje eqaphela ukuthi awufuni ukumlimaza, uphulukana nolaka lonke, futhi cishe ungasondela kuye ngokuphepha. Kuze kube manje, bambalwa kuphela abantu abalunywe yile nhlobo, futhi wonke umuntu usindile ngenxa yesicelo esisheshayo sosizo lokuqala nokwelashwa okulashwa.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Taipan McCoy Snake

Ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kokulwa kwabesilisa kwaqoshwa ngasekupheleni kobusika phakathi kwabantu ababili abakhulu, kodwa ababona ubulili. Ngesikhathi sokulwa cishe isigamu sehora, izinyoka zavolana, zaphakamisa amakhanda azo ngaphambi komzimba futhi “zajikijelana” ngemilebe zivaliwe. UTaipan McCoy kuthiwa ushada endle ekugcineni kobusika.

Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda maphakathi nentwasahlobo (ingxenye yesibili kaNovemba). Ubukhulu bokubumba buhlukahluka kusuka kwezingcezu eziyi-11 kuye kwezingu-20, ngenani eliyisilinganiso sezingu-16. Amaqanda angamasentimitha angama-6 x 3.5.Ukuzalanisa, kuthatha amasonto ayi-9-11 ku-27-30 ° C. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinobude obucishe bube ngama-47 cm. Ekudingisweni, izinsikazi zingaveza imichilo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuzala.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ngokwe-International Species Information System, i-taipan McCoy igcinwa emaqoqweni amathathu e-zoos: i-Adelaide, iSydney neMosso Zoo eRussia. E-Zoo yaseMoscow, zigcinwa "e-Reptile House", okuvame ukungavulelwa umphakathi jikelele.

Amaqanda ngokuvamile abekwa emiseleni yezilwane ezilahliwe nasemifantwini ejulile. Izinga lokuzala lincike ngokwengxenye ekudleni kwabo: uma kungekho ukudla okwanele, inyoka izalela okuncane. Izinyoka ezithunjiwe zivame ukuhlala eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweli-15. Isibonelo esisodwa se-taipan sihlala e-zoo yase-Australia iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.

Lolu hlobo luhamba ngemijikelezo “yokwehla naphansi” lapho izinkumbi zabantu zizalela usayizi wesifo ngezikhathi ezithile ezinhle bese zinyamalala ngesikhathi sesomiso. Lapho kunokudla okuyisisekelo okuningana, izinyoka zikhula ngokushesha bese ziba mnene, kepha lapho nje ukudla sekunyamalala, izinyoka kufanele zincike kulokho okungajwayelekile futhi / noma zisebenzise izinqolobane ezinamafutha kuze kufike isikhathi esingcono.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Taipan McCoy Snake

Njenganoma iyiphi inyoka yase-Australia, i-taipan McCoy ivikelwe ngumthetho e-Australia. Isimo sokulondolozwa kwenyoka sahlaziywa okokuqala ku-IUCN Red ohlwini ngoJulayi 2017, kwathi ngonyaka we-2018 saqokwa njengosengozini encane kunazo zonke ezisengozini. Le nhlobo ifakiwe kuhlu lwengozi encane kunazo zonke, ngoba yande ebangeni layo futhi inani layo alinciphile. Yize umthelela wezinsongo ezingaba khona udinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe.

Isimo sokuvikelwa kukaTaipan McCoy sinqunywe nemithombo esemthethweni e-Australia:

• ENingizimu Australia: (Isifunda sesifunda esinezindawo ezinabantu abaningi) Okungenangozi
• EQueensland: Okuvamile (kuze kube ngu-2010), Kubekeke engcupheni (Meyi 2010 - Disemba 2014), Okungenabungozi (ngoDisemba 2014 - manje),
• INew South Wales: kusolakala ukuthi inyamalale. Ngokuya ngemigomo, ibingarekhodwanga endaweni yayo naphezu kocwaningo ngokuya ngokuhambisana nomjikelezo wempilo yabo nohlobo,
• IVictoria: anyamalala esifundeni. Ngokuya ngokubheka "Ngokuphela kokuphela, kepha esifundeni esithile (kulokhu, isimo saseVictoria), esingafaki lonke uhla lwetekisi.

Inyoka kaTaipan McCoy kubhekwe njengoshabalala kwezinye izindawo, njengoba ngocwaningo oluphelele olufihliwe ezindaweni zokuhlala ezaziwayo kanye / noma ezilindelekile, ngesikhathi esifanele (nsuku zonke, zonyaka, zonyaka) esifundeni sonke, abantu ngabodwa abakwazanga ukubhaliswa. Ucwaningo lwenziwa isikhathi eside esihambelana nomjikelezo wempilo kanye nendlela yokuphila yetekisi.