Igama lesi Latin: | I-Turdus merula |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | Okumnyama |
Ongakukhetha: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile, cishe ngosayizi womlotha wentaba, umsila umfishane. Isisindo 80-150 g, ubude bomzimba angama-23-29 cm. Umbala ovelele umnyama noma onsundu. Indlela emangalisayo ukuphakamisa umsila phezulu.
Incazelo. Umbala wesilisa ucishe ube mnyama ngokwezezimali, uqhwaku olukhanyayo olukhanyayo nendandatho ephuzi lesikhumba ezungeze iso. Izinsikazi zihluka ngombala - onsundu omnyama, okhanyayo ngaphansi, ikakhulukazi umphimbo kanye nogobolondo, umbala oqhwaku, kanye nezindandatho ezungeze iso, kusuka kuphuzi kuya ku-brown. Azikho izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ukwehluka kombala wesizini akubalulekile. Ebusika bokuqala, abesilisa banezinsini ezinephunga elimdaka, uqhwaku lumnyama. Izinyoni ezincane zimnyama (kufaka phakathi ngaphansi ngaphansi), zifana nowesifazane, redder ngandlela-thile, ngemivimbo yobude obude buqhamuka ngaphezulu komzimba futhi zinamabala angaphansi.
Izwi. Ingoma icula kakhulu futhi yinhle, iqukethe amakhwela acacile futhi ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene, izwakala imnandi kakhulu, i-phlegmatic, ayinaso isikhathi esithile. Ngokungafani nomculi, i-blackbird ayiphindaphindeki kaningi ama-sillies ambalwa ngokulandelana. Ngokungafani nengoma, ukuvilapha, ikhefu akuhambelani, imishwana eminingi izwakala ndawonye, iculo likhala kakhulu, amandla amaningi, iphimbo eliphansi, ngezwi elincane. Bacula kakhulu, kakhulu ngentshiseko - ekuntweleni kokusa, bahlala phezulu noma emqheleni wesihlahla. Isifiso esijwayelekile ukuthi "ukugcwala. ". Ama-alamu ayalingana "ukugcwala", Amakhodi ahlukahlukene, njll.
Ukusatshalaliswa. Kuthunyelwe engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu, kanye nasezingxenyeni eziningi ze-Asia kusuka eMedithera kuya empumalanga yeChina. Uhla lokufuya luhlanganisa iningi le-Russia yaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho yendawo ehlathini kanye ne-steppe eningizimu. Entshonalanga ekude naseningizimu yesifunda sethu, kuhlala kukhona onjiniyela abamnyama. Iningi lazo liyindawo yokufuduka; izindawo ezisebusika ziseYurophu eseningizimu, iTranscaucasia, kanye ne-Middle East.
Indlela yokuphila. Amahlathi anwebekile obanzi wohlobo lwaseYurophu abonakala kakhulu kulolu hlobo, futhi axutshwe futhi anendawo enotshani, onotshani obuminyene, imvamisa eduzane nomfula, umfudlana nezinye izindawo ezinamanzi, amahlathi akhula ngokugcwala kwezihlahla kanye nezihlahla zezinyoni. Entshonalanga ye-Russia yase-Russia kubuye kube yizinhlobo ze-synanthropic ezihlala ezingadini nasemapaki. Enkabeni nasempumalanga yesifunda kutholakala (kuze kube manje?) Kuphela ngefomu elithi "zasendle", lihlala ezindaweni ezingagcinwanga muntu, futhi liqaphele kakhulu. Indawo esidlekayo nesakhiwo sayo ngokuvamile, njengakwezinye izinyoni ezimnyama - emhlabathini noma kumamitha ambalwa ngaphezu komhlaba, yakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngotshani, ngokufakwa odakeni nokufakwa ngotshani. Imvamisa kaningi kunezinye izimbaza, amaqabunga ezihlahla asetshenziswa ekuhlobiseni isidleke kwangaphandle. Ku-clutch 3-6, amaqanda ama-4-5. Ngombala, ziyahlukahluka, iningi lazo ziyefana namaqanda epulazi. Insikazi ifukamela izinsuku eziyi 12-16, cishe kanye nesikhathi amachwane asichitha esidlekeni.
Kaningi kunezinye izinyoni ezimnyama, ama-mollusks akhona ekudleni. Amagobolondo abo e-thrush avame ukwephuka ezindaweni eziyizintandokazi, “ama-anvil” (amatshe, iziqu eziwile), lapho izinqwaba zamagobolondo angenalutho ziqwabelana khona. Badla inqwaba yemisundu yomhlaba kanye namanye ama-invertebrates, kanye namajikijolo, ekwindla ukubanikeza okuthandayo.
Ukubukeka nokucula
IBlackbird (I-Turdus merula) - lokhu kunamandla amakhulu afinyelela ku-26 cm ubude futhi anesisindo esingu-80-125 g.Izinsizwa zidwetshwe zimnyama ngombala onomlomo ophuzi-onsomi nendandatho emehlo, izinyoni ezincane nezinsikazi zinombala onsundu, zinomsila omnyama, umphimbo nesisu. .
UBlackbird ungumculi omkhulu. Uyakuthanda ukucula phakathi kokusa nokushona kwelanga. Ingoma yakhe izwakala sengathi idlala umtshingo.
Habitat
Okumnyama - Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zezinyoni eziningi kakhulu; kuholela ekuhlaleni kokuhlala noma kokuma nje. Ehlobo, iblackbird ithanda ukuhlala emahlathini acekethekileyo, axutshwe noma aqine anenhlabathi enhle nenhlabathi emanzi, izigodi zamahlathi, kanye nezingadi namapaki agqamile. Umnyama uhlala kulezi zindawo eYurophu nasezingxenyeni zaseYurophu zeRussia, kanti eCaucasus uhlala endaweni esezintabeni yehlathi. Ngokuvamile, le nhlobo isatshalaliswa cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ingatholakala nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho yeScandinavia. UBlackbird futhi uhlala enyakatho ye-Afrika ezintabeni zezintaba ze-Atlas, e-Asia Minor, eningizimu-ntshonalanga neNdiya, eningizimu ye-Australia naseNew Zealand. Phambilini, le nhlobo yayihlala emahlathini kuphela, nokho, cishe eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule, izinyoni zaqala ukugcwala amapaki amadolobhana nezingadi, futhi eminyakeni engama-80 edlule ziye zahlala emadolobheni ngamanani amakhulu. Emadolobheni aseningizimu yeYurophu, i-blackbird isiphenduke inyoni yangempela ye-synanthropic futhi ihlala emadolobheni.
KWENZA YINI IBHODI IBHODI
IBlackbird ayikhethi ekukhetheni ukudla futhi ikuthola nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukwelapha akuthandayo yizibungu, yena akhetha kuzo izilwanyane zomhlaba. Ehlobo, lokhu kudla kugcwaliswa izinambuzane nezithelo ezahlukahlukene, bese kuthi ebusika, amajikijolo avuthiwe. Inyoni ithola uketshezi oludingekayo ngokudla.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa nesomiso, lapho izibungu zifihla ngaphansi komhlaba okujulile, i-thrush ifuna okunye ukudla okuqukethe uketshezi, ngokwesibonelo, amacimbi, ama-aphid aluhlaza, izithelo namajikijolo. IBlackbird imvamisa ithola ukudla phezu komhlaba. Imvamisa ungayibona inyoni igibeleka otshanini obunqamule lapho ifuna izikelemu. Emisa futhi egebise ikhanda lakhe ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-thrush ivele igijime phambili futhi kancane kancane kepha idonsa inyamazane iphume inhlabathi. Ama-thrushes ashubile kakhulu alindele inyamazane, abuke umsebenzi wensimu.
LIFESTYLE
IBlackbird ingenye yezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Phambilini, izixakaxaka bezihlala emahlathini kuphela, ikakhulu ziqine, zinotshani obukhulu. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-200 eyedlule, baphinde bathuthela emapaki nasezivandeni zedolobha, futhi eminyakeni engama-80 edlule, ngisho nama-megacities ake ahlalwa ngamanani amakhulu. Namuhla, amabhulukwe amnyama atholakala kuzo zonke izingadi, amapaki namathuna. Ukuba khona kwabantu akubakhathazi nakancane. Ama-Blackbirds asebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo emhlabathini. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi izidonsela ukudla zikuthola kanjani: ngasikhathi sinye, zigxumela emhlabathini, ziphakamise umsila wazo, bese zihlala isikhashana ukuze zibuke inhlabathi. Ukucula kwe-thrush kunomsindo omkhulu, onemithunzi eminingi. Ngokungafani nengoma yokudumisa, ubonisa kancane izingoma ezithile. Ngokuvamile, i-blackbird izwakala ekuseni kakhulu.
Ukusikisela
Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, kwesinye isikhathi esiqala kakade ngoFebhuwari, iduna elimnyama livikela insimu yalo ngomhawu. Abesilisa abadala bavame ukuthatha izinto zabo zokugcina futhi bashade nabalingani abajwayelekile.
Izimbaza ezimnyama ezivela kwamanye amalungu omndeni ziyehluka ngoba zihlela izidleke phansi noma ezimpondeni eziphansi. Kusuka otshanini, amaqabunga nasemhlabeni, bakha izidleke ezimise inkomishi. Lapho eseqede ukwakha isidleke, insikazi iqala ukuhlasela owesilisa - igxuma phambi kwakhe ngomlomo wayo nomsila ukuphakama. Le ntokazi imphendula ngokucula, ikhukhumeze izimpaphe futhi ivule umsila wayo. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ibeka amaqanda ama-3-5 aluhlaza okotshani bese iwafaka. Amakati azalwa ngezinsuku eziyi-12-16. Bobabili abazali banakekela amachwane, ababamba futhi bawalethele izinambuzane.
Amacube akhula ngokushesha futhi kungakapheli amasonto amabili ashiye isidleke. Izinsimbi ezincane eziwile esidlekeni zindiza kabi, ngoba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zigibela emhlabathini. Izinyoni ezindala ziyakhala zizixwayisa ngengozi. Ama-Blackbirds ngokuvamile anezihlakala ezimbili ehlobo. Amakhaza avela ku-clutch yokuqala kungenzeka aphile.
IZIBONELELO ZOBUCHWEPHESHE
Ukubona i-blackbird ayidingi ukuhamba kude - ingabukwa ngisho enkabeni yedolobha. Umatasatasa ngokuthungatha kokudla, ugxuma ngokushesha nangomshini phansi ngomsila wakhe uphakanyiswe kancane bese amaphiko akhe ehlisiwe - ngenxa yalokhu kuziphatha, angahlukaniswa kalula yimbambo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-rook efanayo emnyama ihlukile ngoba ihamba emhlabathini ngokuzola. AmaBlackbird aphila impilo eyedwa ehlathini, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangana nawo lapha. Ehlathini ungezwa ingoma yale nyoni. Kukhumbuza ingoma yesikibha esimnyama, kodwa iculo le-blackbird lihamba kancane futhi lidabukisa.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.
- Ama-Blackbirds ahlala emadolobheni kwesinye isikhathi adla ngisho nasezimbizeni zezimbali, kuma-cornices ama-balconies.
- Icala liyaziwa lapho izimbotshana zezimnyama zazinemichilo emine ngonyaka futhi zikhulisa amaphuphu angu-17.
- Imbabazane lensikazi ifana nesimbozi sengoma, umphimbo nesifuba sayo kuhlotshisiwe ngamabala. Kwesinye isikhathi izimbotshana zabesilisa ezimnyama zishada nezinsimbi zezinsikazi zabesifazane futhi zizala.
- Ngesikhathi izindiza zasekwindla ziya eningizimu, umoya onamandla ungathwala imihlambi yezikhumba zamnyama iye ngaphesheya koLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic.
IZIPHUMA ZESIFUNDO SEZIMBALI ZAMANZI. ISIHLOKO
Owesifazane: inepumula emnyama ansundu, umphimbo omhlophe, amabala avuthayo esifubeni. Kwabesifazane asebekhulile, uqhwaku luphenduka luphuzi.
Owesilisa: Inepani elimnyama ngendlela emangalisayo, umlomo ophuzi kanye nomngcele ojikeleze amehlo.
- Indawo yokuhlala yabantu abamnyama
LAPHO IBHALA LESIQHAWU LIHLAZA
EYurophu, abamnyama bahlala kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwaseNyakatho Ekude, eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Afrika nase-Asia. Kuhleliwe e-Australia naseNew Zealand.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA
I-blackbird ivumelane kahle nokuphila eduze komuntu. Waba isivakashi esivamile emapaki nasezivandeni zedolobha.
Ukuzala
Isidleke senyoni esenziwe inkomishi singatholakala endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-8, kumafishi, emaphayini, emifantwini, emindenini, kepha futhi singatholakala sisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, ezimpondeni ngisho nasemhlabathini, phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezinkulu ezindala. Ukuxhuma kwedolobha kwesinye isikhathi kwenza izidleke ngisho nasezimbizeni zezimbali, kumakholoni nakuma-basket basque. Ku-clutch ye-blackbird kusuka emaqanda ama-4 kuye kwayi-7, ukumila kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12-16. Amakati azalwa enqunu futhi eyimpumputhe, izimpaphe zikhula kuzo ngemuva kwamasonto amabili zizelwe. Bobabili abazali bayabondla. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi kungakapheli amasonto amathathu ashiye isidleke. Kuyiqiniso, abazali bayaqhubeka nokubondla kuze kube yilapho sekuhlanganiswa okwesibili. Izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zingenza imfuhlumfucu emithathu ngonyaka.
Umsoco
Okumnyama - Inyoni emangazayo, idla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izinhlwayi zomhlaba, imbewu namajikijolo. Lapho inyoni ifuna ukudla emhlabathini phakathi kwesaka elimnyama, akubonakali. Emhlabathini, izidudla zifuna ukudla, ukuhamba, ukushaya kanyekanye nokugcina umsila wazo ziphakanyisiwe, ngezinye izikhathi ziyeke ukubheka inhlabathi, ziyithukulule futhi zikhiphe ngobuhlakani iminyundu. Imvamisa, i-thrush ibona indawo yayo ngendlebe. Kwesinye isikhathi iblackbird idla amasele nezinyoka, idla amacimbi ngentokozo. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ukudla kwezilwane kuyanda ekudleni kwe-blackbird. Ehlobo, ukudla kwakhe kugcwaliswa ngezithelo ezahlukahlukene, kanti ebusika, amajikijolo avuthiwe. Inyoni ithola uketshezi oludingekayo ngokudla. Kepha phakathi kokushisa nesomiso, lapho izikelemu zifihla ngaphansi komhlaba, izidumbu zifuna okunye ukudla okuqukethe uketshezi, ngokwesibonelo, amacimbi, izimbotshana eziluhlaza okotshani, izithelo ezinamanzi ngisho namathafidi.