Umbala omfushane uyinyoni engavamile kakhulu. Ukuhlangana naye endle kunzima kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside bese umlinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lalezi zinhlobo lehle kakhulu, futhi le nyoni ibhalwe ku-Red Book.

Owokuqala ukuchaza lolu hlobo umsunguli we-binomial nomenclature Karl Linneywakwenza lokhu maphakathi nekhulu le-18.

Umlando Wencazelo ye-Grey Shrike

Igama lale nyoni ngesiLatini lihunyushwa ngokuthi "unogada onogada", okuthi ngokombhali walawa magama, aboniswe izici eziyinhloko zempilo yesikebhe esingwevu - silinde isisulu sisendaweni ephezulu futhi siyisongela ezingxenyeni ezincane zesisulu esibanjiweyo.

Lolu hlobo luqhamuka emndenini wakwaShrike. Okhokho babo abasondelene kakhulu kukhona ama-corvid, okungukuthi, amahlosi. Ngokusho kososayensi, le mindeni yayihlala eMiocene (cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyisithupha edlule). Kukholelwa ukuthi indawo lapho kuvela khona abameleli bokuqala banamuhla be-shrikes indawo ephakathi kwe-Asia Minor.

Ukubukeka

Le nyoni inkulu kakhulu ngosayizi.. Ngakho-ke, usayizi womzimba wakhe enyangeni endala, ngokwesilinganiso, ungamasentimitha angama-25, futhi isisindo seshaka singama-70 amagremu. Izimpiko zenyoni ephakathi nendawo cishe zingamasentimitha angama-36. Umbala ompunga unombala okhanyayo, ingemuva ihlotshiswe ngombala ompunga, nesisu ngamhlophe. Futhi, isithombe sigcwala esifubeni senyoni. Izimpiko nomsila zinombala omnyama okhanyayo, futhi umucu omhlophe ugijima emaphethelweni awo. Inhloko yesikebhe inemivimbo emhlophe, kuthi isigaxa esimnyama sisabalale uqhwaku size size emehlweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izintokazi nezinsikazi azifani ngokubukeka.

Ukuhlabelela okungwevu okumpunga

Abesilisa banezwi liqukethe ama-trill ahlukahlukene amafushane kepha amahle ahambisana nezimpempe ezisakazayo. Kuzwakala okufana nalokhu: "tu-tu krr-prii-prii" noma "trr-tour .. trr-tour". Ngezikhathi zengozi noma lapho abesilisa bezizwa bengakhathazeki, bakhipha ikhwela elide kodwa elicijile. Futhi ukuheha ukunakwa kowesifazane, abesilisa bahlanganisa ikhwela nengoma. Ukuxhumana nabanye, basebenzisa ikhwela elithule kakhudlwana.

Habitat

Indawo eyinhloko yesikebhe esingwevu izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nesingaphansi kwembulunga yonke yeplanethi. Iningi lihlala e-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika nasezifundeni eziphakathi kwe-Asia.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezinjengesikebhe zihlala phansi futhi azindizeli kwezinye izindawo. Lokhu kusebenza ezinyoni ezihlala eSakhalin naseKuril Islands. Abamele abasele bomndeni oncibilikayo, ngokusondela kwamakhaza asebusika, bandizela eningizimu ezintabeni ezingenayo iqhwa. Kodwa-ke, esintwini ngasinye sabantu abamele le nhlobo, kunabantu abathile, ngokuvamile, abandizeli ndawo futhi bahlala endaweni yabo.

Ama-shrikes angama-Grey ikakhulukazi ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, ngoba kunenzuzo kuwo ukuthi athathe izindawo eziphakeme ngokubonakala okukhulu, lokhu kuyabavumela ukuba bazingele ngempumelelo.

Umsoco

Ama-Shrikes angazingela noma ngabe yini ayifunayo. Kepha ikakhulukazi, zidla izinyoni ezincane nezinambuzane. Kwakunezikhathi lapho isisulu esinjengesikebhe, sizama ukubalekela kumzingeli waso, siwela ezandleni zabantu, kodwa lokhu akuzange kumise umhlaseli, futhi wahlwitha inyamazane yakhe ngqo ezandleni zomuntu. Izinyoni zilenga inyamazane yazo emagatsheni asondele esidlekeni sazo, ngemuva kwalokho ziqala ukusika isidumbu. Kungakho le nyoni yabizwa ngokuthi umhlaseli. Lapho kunenqwaba yezisulu, zishiya izisulu zazo zingondlekile noma ziphelele. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kososayensi, baqeqesha izingane zabo ekuzingeleni.

Indlela yokuphila

Ama-Shrikes ayizinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngakho-ke, sebethathe isikhundla esihle sokulandela umkhondo wabo, balinda bese behlasela ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangahlasela kokubili ukukhiqizwa komhlaba nokukhiqizwa komoya. Ngemuva kwalokho, bathatha inyamazane esidlekeni sabo bayidlele khona. Le nyoni inesifiso esihle kakhulu sokuhlaselana, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukuzingela futhi ingezwa indlala.

Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinyoni banolaka olukhulu, ngakho-ke uma othile engena endaweni yabo, bayohlasela ngokushesha isitha, noma ngabe sikhulu kaningi kunesikebhe.

AmaShrikes awesabi, kubo akwenzi mehluko ukuthi ngubani okufanele ahlasele. Futhi, abesabi abantu futhi bangahlala eduze kwe-apiary, lapho bezodla khona izinyosi buthule.

Isidleke sento emfishi sikhulu impela. Ukwakhiwa kwendlu kwenziwa njalo ngabantu besifazane. Ukuze kwakhiwe isidleke, izinsikazi zithatha igatsha esihlahleni. Imvamisa isidleke sakhiwa endaweni ephakeme, cishe amamitha amabili. Lokhu bakwenza ukuze bakwenze kube lula ukwethula izimayini ezinkulu.

Amaqanda ashibilika maphakathi nentwasahlobo, nasezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu, ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinyoni zizalela amaqanda cishe amahlanu, ngalinye elinombala oluhlaza onamabala amnyama. Owesifazane ubandakanyeka ekuqandeni amaqanda, kuthi owesilisa ngezikhathi ezithile amthathe indawo. Hatching ihlala cishe amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, abazali banakekela izingane zabo izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu alungele ukuhamba ngendiza yawo yokuqala. Imvamisa izinambuzane ezincane zondliwa ngamawundlu azo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zinganikeza izibungu noma izibungu.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

• Isinila ngobuqili futhi sarcastic. Ngakho-ke, zidonsa ngokukhethekile ukunakwa kwamakhosi nozungu, futhi ngemuva kokuwahlasela, amachashazi acashe emagatsheni ezihlahla futhi acule buthule esuka lapho.
• AmaShrikes axosha bonke abanye abazingeli ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Ukuze benze lokhu, baxwayisa ngokusobala inyamazane ebasazwayo futhi abahlaseli abanayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuhamba baye kwenye indawo.
• Isikhathi sokuphila kwale nhlobo yezinyoni endle sisukela eminyakeni eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu.
• Bangabadli abangenasibindi abakwazi ukuhlasela noma ngubani ongena esifundeni sabo.
• Ama-Shrikes angenye yezilwane ezidla ezinye ezikwazi ukusinda ebusika obusika, lapho kuphela amagundane amancane afihla ngaphansi kwengqimba enkulu yeqhwa asala ohlamweni lwawo. Naphezu kwalokhu, ama-shrikes aphile ngokuphelele futhi phakathi nobusika uyakwazi ukuzwa ngisho nezingoma zawo zokukhwelana.
• Kwakunezikhathi lapho isikebhe sabanjwa khona enetheni, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye sasingenamahloni okuqhubeka nokuhlukumeza otholwayo.

Izinhlobo zezinyoni

Kukhona cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi zale nyoni ezitholakele.. E-Russia, i-grey ne-julan zivame ukutholakala.

• Impunga inkulu kunazo zonke izihlobo zayo. Yisidlakela esinonya kunabo bonke, sinemilomo emide, ebukhali nomlomo onamandla.
• UZhulan - unosayizi omncane wamasentimitha angama-20. Kulokhu, isisindo senyoni sikhulu impela ngosayizi womzimba wayo. Futhi, inyoni edla inyama, inomlomo ocijile kakhulu. Indawo yendawo ikakhulukazi yindawo yomfula noma echibini, kepha ayitholakali emaqeleni.
• Ubuso obumnyama - ubukhulu bufana ne-thrush, imibala efana kakhulu ne-grey brown. Ihlala ikakhulu emaqeleni nasehlathini.
• Okubomvu-okuncane - kuyinto encane kunazo zonke emndenini. Ithole igama layo ngophimbo olubomvu lwekhanda. Futhi,, iyisidlakudla futhi ihlala emithini nasezivandeni.
• I-Tiger - ifana nomkhohlisi. Isici esiyingqayizivele izithunzi ezibomvu emzimbeni wonke. Indawo yendawo - amahlathi, izitebhisi, amapaki amadolobha nezinkundla zasensimini.