IHaddock ukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo lweedadock zomndeni wama-cod. Igama layo lesiLatini nguMelanogrammus aeglefinus.

Izindawo ezihlala kuyo ziyilwandle elisenyakatho ye-Arctic ne-Atlantic yolwandle. Inenani elibalulekile lokudoba. Uhlobo lwe-haddock lwaqala lachazwa yisazi semvelo saseSweden uKarl Linney ngo-1758. Futhi uhlobo lwe-haddock luchazwe ngesikhathi esizayo, okungukuthi ngo-1862, ngumcwaningi waseMelika uTheodore Gill.

Incazelo

Ubude obuphakathi be-haddock busuka ku-50 kuya ku-75 cm, noma kunjalo, abantu abathile batholakala abafinyelela ubude bemitha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

IHaddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

Isisindo esijwayelekile silingana ne-2-3 kg, kepha amacala okubamba amasampuli amakhulu, isisindo sawo asukela ku-12 kuye ku-19 kg, aqoshwa. Ukuphila kukaHaddock kungafika eminyakeni eyi-14. Umzimba wale nhlanzi uphezulu impela, uthambile kancane ezinhlangothini. Ngemuva inombala ompunga omnyama ophuzi noma onsomi we-lilac, izinhlangothi zilula, zibuthuntu, isisu singaba yisiliva noma simhlophe ngombala. I-sideline imnyama. Ezinhlangothini ze-haddock ngaphansi komugqa we-canal kukhona indawo eyodwa enkulu emnyama, ebekwe phakathi kwe-pectoral neyama-dorsal yokuqala.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-dorsal fin yokuqala ye-haddock iphakeme kakhulu kuneyesibili neyesithathu. I-anal yokuqala yokuqala iqala kancane ngemuva kwe mpo, idlula ezingeni lokuphela kwe-dorsal fin yokuqala, futhi ayihlukile ngosayizi omkhulu. Umlomo utholakala engxenyeni engezansi yekhanda, incane ngosayizi, umhlathi ongenhla welulwa kancane phambili. Esiqeshini kukhona i-antennae encane, ebuntwaneni bayo.

Ukubhebhetheka

IHaddock ihlala olwandle olunosawoti ogcwele, usawoti wayo ongama-32-33 ppm. Indawo yokuhlala iyindawo esenyakatho yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, emanzini aseduze nogu lweNyakatho Melika kanye neNyakatho Yurophu, eduze nogu lwase-Iceland, kanye naseBarents kanye nolwandle lwaseNorway olwandle i-Arctic Ocean. Kukhona ama-haddock amaningi ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeBarents Sea kanye nasentshonalanga yolwandle eduze nase-Iceland, kanye naseBhange laseNewfoundland. Inani elincane le-haddock litholakala ogwini lwaseGreenland, kepha eNhlonhlo yeLabrador le nhlanzi ayikho nhlobo. Inani elikhulu le-haddock lihlala emanzini aseRussia, ngokwesibonelo, eningizimu yoLwandle iBarents. Kepha oLwandle Olumhlophe inani laso lincane kakhulu, kwi-Baltic alikho ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuqukethwe usawoti okuphansi emanzini alezi zolwandle.

Indlela yokuphila

IHaddock ngumhlambi wezinhlanzi eziholela endleleni eseduze. Ukujula lapho ahlala khona kusukela kumamitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-200, kwezinye izikhathi kungacwila ekujuleni kwekhilomitha elilodwa. I-Haddock encane idlulela kwindlela yokuphila ephansi ngokufika ngonyaka owodwa ubudala. Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, ihlala kwikholamu yamanzi futhi idla ngokujula okungadluli kumamitha ayi-100. Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo lwenhlobo cishe azikushiyi umkhawulo wenkangala yezwekazi. Kwakunezimo lapho i-haddock yahlangatshezwa khona eLwandle lwaseNorway ekujuleni kolwandle, kepha lezi zinhlobo zazinciphe kakhulu futhi zaziseduze nokufa.

UHaddock angaba nentshisekelo futhi adle ezinye izinhlanzi zenhlanzi.

Isisekelo sokudla kwe-haddock yi-benthos. Lawa ama-invertebrates angama-benthic, ngokwesibonelo, ama-crustaceans, izibungu, ama-echinoderm kanye nama-mollusks, kanye nama-ophiurs. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ekudleni kwe-haddock yi-caviar ne-fish Fry. Imenyu ye-haddock eNyakatho neBarents Seas yehlukile. Ngakho-ke, i-haddock yaseNyakatho yolwandle idla i-caviar ye-herring, kanye ne-haddock yoLwandle iBarents - i-caviar ne-capelin.

OLwandle iBarents, indawo enkulu lapho okuphakela khona ama-haddock yindawo eseduze neCape Kanin Nos, kanye nesiqhingi saseKolguyev kanye nasemanzini asogwini lweNhlonhlo yeKola.

Ukuzala kanye nokufuduka

IHaddock ifinyelela ebusheni lapho ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-3-5 yobudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubude bomzimba bale nhlanzi bufinyelela ku-40 cm, nesisindo - 1 kg. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi unyaka we -ddock ohlala eNyakatho yolwandle uvuthwa ngokushesha, ngeminyaka engu-2-3, futhi labo abahlala oLwandle lwaseBarents bahamba kancane - kuphela eneminyaka eyi-5-7, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho kuphela ku-8-10. ubudala. I-Spawning haddock ihlala kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Inhlanzi ifudukela lapho iya khona, futhi ukufuduka kuqala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqhuma. Indlela ejwayelekile yokwenziwa kokufuduka kwe-haddock iyindlela esuka kuLwandle iBarents iya eNorway, ngokunembile ukuya eziqhingini zaseLofoten.

Izindawo eziyinhloko zokususa i-haddock:

• Izwekazi lase-Europe - ugu olusenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNorway, ugu olusentshonalanga noluseningizimu ne-Iceland, amanzi asogwini lwase-Ireland naseScotland, amanzi angajulile eLofoten,
• ENyakatho Melika - amanzi asogwini lwase-US esifundeni saseNew England, ugu lwaseCanada eduze nolwandle lwaseNova Scotia.

Izintokazi zakwaHaddock ziyakwazi ukukhukhulula amaqanda ayinkulungwane ukuya ku-1,8 million wokuqhuma. I-Caviar yalolu hlobo lwenhlanzi i-pelagic. Ulwandle lwamanje luthwala i-caviar, izibungu kanye ne-haddock Fry kumabanga akude ngokwanele kusuka kumasayithi aqabulayo. Amafutha amancanyana nezinsizwa ahlala ekholamu lamanzi, elihlukanisa phakathi kwezihlobo zabantu abadala. Amajaha angacasha ezilwaneni ezidla ngaphansi komjovo omkhulu wejellyfish.

Njengoba sekushiwo, le nhlanzi iyakwazi ukufuduka isikhathi eside ukuze iqhume futhi inqabe. Ukunyakaza okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-haddock oLwandle iBarents. AmaJuelsiles agudluka phambili kule ndlela elandelayo - kanye neNordkapp yamanje kusuka enyakatho yeNorway kuya engxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandle iBarents kanye ne-Irminger yamanje kusuka eNyakatho nolwandle kuya enyakatho ye-Iceland.

Ukusetshenziswa Nokusetshenziswa

IHaddock ibaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiselwano eBarents naseNyakatho yolwandle futhi ngasogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika. Ukubanjwa kwaso kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinqola, amanetha okudoba, amanetha aseDenmark nemikhumbi yokudoba. Phakathi kwezinhlanzi zikakhokho, i-haddock isendaweni yesithathu ngokuya ngevolumu yokubamba. Phambili kukakhodoli wakhe nempova. Minyaka yonke, amathani ezinhlanzi ayi-0.5-0.75 ezigidi zale nhlanzi abanjwa emhlabeni.

Inani lokudoba le-haddock liphoqelele ukuthi lifakwe kwi-Red Book, ngoba inhlanzi isongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.

Ukubanjwa kukaHaddock kuyehluka kakhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Isizathu salokhu ukuguquguquka kwesibalo sabantu be-haddock, okuthinta ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-haddock olwandle. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukubanjiswa kwe-haddock yezimboni kwehle kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, noma kunjalo, eminyakeni yamuva nje sekuqalile ukwanda futhi isondela ezingeni elihambisana nama-30s - 60s wekhulu lama-20.

ESoviet Union maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umthamo we-haddock mined wathatha indawo yesibili phakathi kwe-cod. Kuphela kukakhokho uqobo lwakhona. Kamuva baqala ukukhulisa ukubanjwa kwe-pollock, ngenxa yokuthi okwakuvele kuguqukele endaweni yesithathu. Namuhla le nhlanzi ithatha indawo yesine phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlanzi ezibanjwe eRussia oLwandle iBarents ngokubanjwa. Izindawo ezintathu zokuqala zihlala i-cod, cod ne-capelin. Futhi phakathi kwekhodi, isendaweni yesibili. Ngo-2000, ukubanjwa kwe-haddock kwaba ngamathani ayi-8502, kwathi ukubanjwa kukakhodi - amathani angama-23116 amakhodi.