Ama-apistogram ayikhaya lezigodi ezinkulu zemifula ye-Amazon ne-Orinoco yaseNingizimu Melika. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlanzi zathulwa futhi zathola isiphephelo ezindaweni zokugcina zaseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda amachibi angajulile ageleza kancane, imifula enamacala aminyene wemifino namanzi acacile, acacile.

I-apistogram yaqala yachazwa futhi yathola udumo ngo-1948 ngenxa yokungeniswa kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini uManuel Ramirez kanye nendatshana eyakhishwa ngesisekelo sencazelo yakhe kwiphephabhuku laseMelika.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-apistogram ebabazekayo futhi engathembeki ka-ramirezi isithole ukuthandwa. Kuze kube manje, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezihlukene zale nhlanzi liye labelwa ngokuthile: i-apinogram albino, igolide, ibhaluni, i-cockatoo futhi ikakhulukazi enhle futhi emangalisa i-apistogram kagesi eluhlaza kanye neveli. Ngokwemibandela yokuboshwa, konke lokhu okubhalwe phansi akuhlukile kakhulu komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke lapha le ncazelo izohamba nge-apistogram ye-ramirezi.

Incazelo

Ubukhulu balezi cichlids buncane, zikhula zibe ngu-7 cm, noma ubukhulu bokugcina bokuthi inhlanzi endala, njengabanye abaningi, kuya ngesilinganiso se-aquarium, esikhaleni esincane ngeke ikhule kungabi ngaphezu kwama-3-5 cm. Impilo ye-butterfly chromis icishe ibe yiminyaka engama-3-4.

Umzimba wale nhlanzi u-oval, amaphiko lawo aphezulu, kanti amachaphaza amachashaza amancanyana makhulu emadodeni kunawabesifazane. I-anal fin incane futhi inesimo esiyindilinga.

Umbala ikakhulukazi usu-tan, ingaphambili lomzimba liwolintshi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, le ngxenye emadodeni iphenduka ibomvu. Ngemuva komzimba, amaphiko amachashaza amabala aluhlaza, aqhakaza. Ezinhlangothini zekhanda kugijime umugqa omnyama mpo weqa iso lezinhlanzi. Imisebe yesibili neyesithathu yemali e-dorsal yinde kunaleyo eminye futhi inombala omnyama, iphenduka indawoba amabala emzimbeni ophezulu.

Umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane

• Inhlawulo eyiduna neyangaphakathi yesidoda yinde kunale yowesifazane,
• Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, umphambili wesilisa uphenduka ubomvu okhanyayo,
• Isisu sowesifazane sipendwe okusajingijolo noma i-orange,
• Izinsikazi zincane futhi zibekezele kunabesilisa.

Ngokuya ngemibandela yokuboshwa, i-ramirezi apistogram ayifuneki kakhulu, ngokungafani namanye ama-cichlidi amaningi, ayiziphangi izitshalo futhi ayimbhuli inhlabathi. Ngosayizi wayo omncane, ayidingi i-aquarium enkulu, ivolumu eyanele yamalitha angama-20 kuya kwezi-mbili ngezinhlanzi ezimbalwa.

Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele abe ngale ndlela elandelayo: izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-24 ° liye ku-30-32 ° C, i-acidity ejwayelekile engu-6.0 - 8.0 pH, ubulukhuni obungadluli ku-15 ° dH. Izinhlanzi zibekezelela ukushisa okuphezulu kahle, ngakho-ke hlangana kahle nezinhlanzi ezithanda ukushisa njengeDiscus. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, ngokushesha izinqubo ezibalulekile emzimbeni wezinhlanzi zenzeka kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sinciphile. Ku-30-32 ° C, inhlanzi ngeke iphinde idlule iminyaka emi-2. Futhi, i-ramirezki ayikubekezeleli ukuguquka okungazelelwe kwamapharamitha wamanzi.

Ama-Apistograms thanda amanzi acacile futhi acacileNgakho-ke ukuhlunga okuhle nokutholakala emanzini ku-aquarium kuyadingeka. Ukubuyiselwa okuphoqelekile nokwenziwa masonto onke emanzini amasha ngenani lama-25%. Ungakhohlwa i-siphon ejwayelekile yenhlabathi, njengoba izinhlanzi ikakhulukazi zihlala phakathi nezendlalelo zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo eziphansi.

Ukukhanyiswa akufanele kube okugqamile, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kuyadingeka ukudala izindawo ezinomthunzi ngosizo lwezitshalo ezintantayo, ngokwesibonelo, i-richchia.

Inhlabathi ingcono isihlabathi noma amatshe amahle. Ungqimba lomhlabathi olunconyiwe okungenani luyi-4-5 cm.I-siphon engaphezulu yomhlabathi kufanele yenziwe njalo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kakhulu inqwaba.

Qiniseka ukuthi unenombolo enkulu yezindawo zokukhosela ngesimo sama grottoes, emigedeni noma amathanga aminyene wezitshalo. Njengoba sekushiwo, lezi zinhlanzi, ngokungafani namanye ama-cichlid, azonakalisi izitshalo.

Ukuhambisana kwe-apistogram nezinye izinhlanzi.

Ama-Butterflies izinhlanzi ezinokuthula futhi ayakwazi ukuhlangana cishe nabo bonke abahlali abancane nabanokuthula. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho abesilisa besilisa kuphela abangakhombisa indawo ethile, kepha ukuhlaselwa kwabo akulona ulaka, kepha kunokusabisa nokuvimbela ezinye izinhlanzi.

Omakhelwane, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane eziphila bukhoma ziphelele kubo - ama-guppies, izinkemba, i-pecilia, i-mollies, i-haracinovy ​​- i-neon, i-rhodostomus, i-rassbori, i-tetra, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, isibonelo, i-pearl gourami. Akufanele ulale ngamabha, ngokuqinisekile azongenela emigqonyeni yezimvemvane, ikakhulukazi ngeveli nangezindlela ezinhle kakhulu.

Okuqukethwe kwe-Shrimp kuyinto engathandeki, ngoba ngisho ne-ramiezki enokuthula inganambitha ama-shrimps amancane.

Isidingo Sokunakekela Nokuqukethwe kwe-Apistogram

Ngokungafani nezinye izivunguvungu i-aquarium apistogram kugcina kulungile. Izinhlanzi zeqembu azigayi ulwelwe futhi zingabhuli inhlabathi. Okuhlukile i-cockatoo apistogram. Ugibela esihlabathini, ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi zidinga inhlabathi ethambile.

Esithombeni, i-apistogram ye-neon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ama-Aquariums ane-apistogram angahlotshiswa ngokucebile ngemisipha, izitshalo, nobumba. I-Pisces ikhululekile endaweni efanayo. Ngeshwa, kufanelekile ukushumeka isihlungi kuyo. I-hysterogram efana namanzi ahlanzekile.

Ukulingisa kokugeleza kwenziwa ngokwengeza nsuku zonke cishe ama-20% amanzi amasha. Ukushisa kwalo kufanele kube ngama-25 degrees. Ibhalansi ebalulekile ne-acid-base. Uma lidlula amayunithi angama-7.5, inhlanzi ngeke ibe ntofontofo, ukufa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kungenzeka.

I-apistogram nayo iyatholwa umthamo wamanzi. Izinhlanzi ezimbalwa zidinga okungenani amalitha angama-25. Kunezinhlobo ezidinga zonke ezingama-60. Sizokhuluma ngokungafani nemithetho esahlukweni esehlukile. Okwamanje, sizoxoxa ngemingcele yezinhlanzi zasolwandle.

Ukuphakama okuncane kakhulu kwesitsha sezinhlanzi kungamasentimitha angama-30. Ngamanye ama-apistilitha, futhi, udinga ama-aquariums kusuka kumasentimitha angama-50 ukuphakama. Kepha ukukhanyisa kuyafana kubo bonke abamele iqembu.

Amanzi emifula eshisayo ayagqitshwa imiqhele yezihlahla, imifino yangaphakathi, iminatha. Ngakho-ke, ekhaya, i-apistogram inelisekile ngokukhanya okunqotshwe.

Ukondla

Lezi zinhlanzi ziyindabuko ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokuthi zinesifiso sokungahlali esingenakufinyeleleka, ngakho-ke zivame kakhulu ukuthambekela ekudla ngokweqile. Ukudla kwamaphrotheni kufanele kube ngaphambi kokudla, mhlawumbe bukhoma noma eqandisiwe - i-bloodworm, ishubhu, i-artemia, i-corvette. Ngokushintshwa kokudla unganikeza ulethisi oqoshiwe noma isipinashi. Ungondla ngokudla okufakelwa, kepha khetha nge-predominance yengxenye yamaprotheni, ukhethe ukudla okukhethekile kwama-cichlids.

Okuphakelayo kufanele kube izingxenye ezincane izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngosuku, ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye ngesonto, ukuhlela izinsuku zokuzila ngaphandle kokuphakelwa. Khumbula ukuthi izinhlanzi zithambekele ekudleni ngokweqile, lokhu kufanele kubhekwe, ngoba ekuqaleni lapho sekudliwe konke ukudla okuvela ngaphandle, izimvemvane zihlanganisa phansi isikhathi eside, ziqoqe okusele.

Amandla we-Apistogram

Naphezu kokuvela uvemvane, i-heroine yalesi sihloko ayidli ngokungasho lutho. Isisulu se-Apistogram. Emvelweni, abamele iqembu badla izinambuzane ezincane, izibungu.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuthanda i-apistogram kufanele kunikezwe ukudla okubukhoma. Ezitolo ungathola ama-cyclops, daphnia, ama-rotifers noma ama-bloodworms. Zenziwe iqhwa noma zicutshungulwe zibe ngama-flakes. Lolu uhlobo lokudla okwomile kwezinhlanzi.

Okuxakile isithombe apistograms kungenziwa ngokupha izinhlanzi ngama-bloodworms. Kuthuthukisa isivunguvungu sombala. By the way, bathambekele emikhiqizweni eminingi eyenziwe ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, amahlandla ambalwa ngesonto, izinhlanzi ziyi-lettuce ewusizo noma oatmeal.

Izifo ze-Apistogram Ramirezi

Njengama-cichlids amaningi, lezi zinhlanzi zinempilo enhle ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Izinhlobo eziningi ezikhiqizwe ngobuciko zama-apistogram zingasenayo impilo enhle njengaleyo yemvelo. I-Fish kabi kabi ukubekezelela ushintsho olubukhali lwamapharamitha wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathanda amanzi ahlanzekile.

Butterflies bathambekele ukudla ngokweqile. Ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe ekudleni kanye nenani lokudla okudliwayo yinhlanzi.

Njengawo wonke ama-cichlids, ama-apistograms athambekele kuwo hexamitose - isifo esidalwa yigciwane uHexamita salmonis. Inhlanzi ngasikhathi sinye iba mnyama ngombala, iyenqaba ukudla. Futhi uma izama ukudla okuthile, ikukhipha masinyane. Ukuqhakaza kuvela, noma okuphambene nalokho, ukubonakala okucashile kakhulu kwesisu. Ukuzikhulula kuba mhlophe ngokufana nentambo futhi okusobala. Kamuva, kuvela izilonda emzimbeni futhi ikakhulukazi ekhanda. Izinhlanzi ezigulayo zivame ukufakwa emgqonyeni ohlukile wesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa, ukwanda okuhamba kancane kokushisa kwamanzi kuya ku-34-35 ° C, kusetshenziswa amabhati ane-metronidazole noma i-furazolidone. Ngokuqala okufika ngesikhathi kokwelashwa, izinhlanzi kulula ukuzelapha.

Kwesinye isikhathi inhlanzi ingakwazi umbala omnyama, uyeka ukudla. Lokhu kungenzeka kungaguli ngokushesha. Mhlawumbe inhlanzi ibhekane nengcindezi enkulu ngenxa yokufakelwa kwenye i-aquarium noma ngenxa yokushintsha okubukhali kwamapharamitha wamanzi, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa.

Izinhlobo zama-Apistogram

Ngakho-ke, sizobheka izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingashiwongo okwamanje ngendlela ekhethekile yokunakekela. Ake siqale ngeMacmaster. Lezi zinhlanzi ezifanayo, i-pair yazo edinga okungenani amalitha angama-60 amanzi. Awukwazi ukubona ngokubona.

Esithombeni, i-macmaster apistogram

Ubude beMacmaster abudluli amasentimitha ayi-6, imvamisa 5. Izinsana zidinga izimpande namatshe. Emvelweni, izinhlobo zihlala ngaphansi kwamahlamvu esiwele phansi. Ngaphandle kwezindawo zokukhosela, iMacmaster ngeke isinde ngisho nasema-aquarium angama-60 litre.

I-Apistogram panduro izwela kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo kubhalansi wamanzi one-acid. Ingqophamlando ebalulekile ngu-5. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi, njengeMacmaster, "isinkwa samanzi". Ama-apistogram ambalwa adinga umthamo wamalitha ayi-100.

Esithombeni, i-panduro apistogram

Ngasikhathi sinye, ubude bezinhlanzi abudluli amasentimitha ayi-8. Abesifazane, nhlobo, bakhula babe ngu-5 kuphela. Ngaphandle, abameli balezinhlobo bayalingana. Amaphinifa wePhepha mancane, njengomzimba upendiwe ngamehlo ampunga. Emgqonyeni we-caudal kuphela kukhona umucu okhanyayo we-orange, bese kuba abesilisa kuphela.

I-Blue Neon - Uhlobo lwe-Apistogram, ngokubukeka okumangazayo, kepha okucwengekileyo. Izinhlanzi zizwela ukuphambuka okuncane kokuqukethwe. Ezandleni ezingenalwazi, ama-neon ayafa, futhi ngenxa yalokho anconywe kwabasizi bamanzi abanolwazi.

Esithombeni, i-bluu neon apistogram

Bayazi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi ama-neon ayathanda ukuhlala emaphaketheni. Ukwakheka kwenkampani nakho kubalulekile. Amaqhude anezinsikazi ezikhethiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngokunakekelwa okuphelele, i-neon apistogram ihlala iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-2.

Ukusakazeka nokuzala apistogram

Izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi ngeminyaka engu-5-6 yezinyanga, futhi, njengama-cichlid amaningi, zivame ukwakha ngababili abaqinile lapho zigcina iqembu lezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuzalanisa okuphumelelayo, kufanele ugcine izinhlanzi ngamaqembu abantu abangama-6-7, ukuze ngababili abaphumelelayo bakhiqeke ngokwemvelo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka, ubuhle besilisa bubonakaliswa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi kuphela baba nolaka ngandlela thile, bavikela insimu yabo nenzalo yabo.

Ukuqhekeka kungenzeka e-aquarium ejwayelekile, noma kunjalo, ukuzalanisa ngempumelelo nokugcina amaqanda ekudleni ezinye izinhlanzi, kufanele kusetshenziswe isitsha esihlukile. Ukuze uqhume, i-aquarium encane, eyi-15-litre kufanelekile. Isisusa sokukhiqiza kabusha kuso kuzoba ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwama-degree ama-2 nokwengezwa kancane kancane kwamanzi amasha nesithambile. Ngakho-ke, izimo ezinhle zokusakazeka ngamazinga okushisa angama-27 ° nangaphezulu, futhi nobulukhuni bebonke bungabi ngaphezu kwe-10 °.

Amatshe amaflethi, amashothi obumba noma ngisho nososo oluncane kufanele abekwe phansi. Kuzoqubuka izinhlanzi kubo. Insikazi iginya amaqanda angaba ngu-200-400 okwamaqanda okusaqanda. Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa, bobabili abazali, kodwa abesilisa abaningi, banakekela i-caviar, bakhetha futhi babhubhise umufi. Izinhlanzi zingakwazi nokudlulisa amaqanda ziye kwenye, indawo ephumelela kakhudlwana.

Ukufakwa kwamaqanda kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-2-4, kuya ngokuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi. Ngemuva kokubopha konke gazinga, izinga lokushisa lingancishiswa kancane kancane. Owesilisa unakekela izibungu, insikazi ingavele itshalwe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, i-fry izobhukuda. Kuqala badla ku-yolk sac, bese sebeqala ukudla bodwa. Ukudla, uthuli olukhona, ama-cyclops, i-nauplii ye-brine shrimp, ama-ciliates afanele. Okuphakelayo kufanele kube njalo, izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku, kufaka nobusuku. Owesilisa uqhubeka nokunakekela inzalo, kwesinye isikhathi angaqoqa u-fry emlonyeni wakhe, kube sengathi uyayihluza bese eyikhipha.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa amaqanda nokukhula kwama-fry ukuze kugcinwe amapharamitha ahlanzekile futhi azinzile amanzi ekuqhekekeni - lokhu ubunzima obukhulu ekuzaleni ama-apistograms.

Uma kuphela ufuna ukuqala ukujwayelana kwakho nama-cichlid, khona-ke i-apistogram ye-ramirezi ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezilungele lokhu.

Ukuhambisana kwe-apistogram nezinye izinhlanzi

Hhayi ukuvela kwabasolwandle kuphela othandweni i-apistogram. Thenga izinhlanzi zomndeni we-cichlid zifuna ngoba zinokuthula. Ama-apistograms akhombisa ukungayithandi enye inhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, ama-cichlid uqobo ayadliwa.

Ngakho-ke, bazama ukungaxazululi ama-apistograms ngezisulu ezinkulu, ezinolaka. Kodwa-ke, i-cockatoo iyahlangana, ngokwesibonelo, ngamabala. Isizathu somakhelwane onokuthula usayizi omkhulu we-parrot-like apistogram. Besaba ukuhlasela amachilo anje.

I-apistogram ye-cockatoo ifakiwe, futhi, nge-parsing neon. Kepha iBorelli ne-Agassitsa bakhethwa endaweni ye-haracin ne-barbus. Owokuqala uhlukaniswa ubukhona bamafutha asezinhlamvwini, kanti owesibili - ngentukuthelo egcwele amandla.

Kodwa-ke, abamele abancane bomndeni abalwi. Ukuthula kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ibarbus. Uthatha abangane bakhe baye e-apistogram.

Ama-guppies nama-cockerels aba omakhelwane abalungile bama-neon, amabhaluni kanye ne-altispinosis. Uma i-ramirezi ibhukuda emanzini, ungangeza i-catfish enokuthula, i-zebrafish noma i-turkey kuyo. Lezi zokugcina, njengezinsana, zihola umhlambi wokuphila.

Ukuzala kanye nezimpawu zobulili ze-apistograms

Isikhathi sokuzalela ama-apistograms ukuphela kwesikhathi lapho ekwazi ukuhlasela abanye abahlali base-aquarium. Ama-Pisces akhathazekile ngokuvikelwa kwenzalo, abona izitha kulowo nalowo obhukuda eya emaqanda. Amanye ama-apistograms asola kangangokuba athwale i-caviar emlonyeni. Umthwalo obalulekile udluliselwa kumlingani kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokudla.

Amanye ama-apistilidi agaya amaqanda emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubeka isisekelo emlonyeni akuhlanganisiwe. Uma abazali besola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, bahudula amaqanda, baphonseke babuyela emgodini kuphela endaweni ezolile.

Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi zeqembu zingabazali abanomthwalo wemfanelo nabanothando. Isikhathi sokuqala ngisho grey apistograms. Abadala babafihla, njenge-caviar. Inketho yesibili isembozo esinamaphiko, njengezimpiko.

Ukulandela isaga esithi "emndenini akukho ngaphandle kwe-freak" phakathi kwama-apistograms kutholwe labo abangenaso isimo sobuzali. Isibonelo, uRamirezi, udla inzalo ngaphandle kokuqhafaza iso. Ugesi ophethe ugesi awunalo igazi eliningi, kepha njengoba usakazekile nje, ungalandeli inzalo.

I-Bolivian apistogram iba ngumzali omuhle lapho esekhulile. Izinhlanzana ziqhakaza zisuka eminyakeni eyi-12 izinyanga, kepha zivame ukudla amazinyane okuqala. Ngakho-ke, ngokuzalanisa, ama-aquarists akhetha izinhlobo ze-pair azibonile.

Ukuzala Apistogram I-Bolivian iqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunezinye izinhlobo zama-cichlids. Iningi lazo selikulungele ukuzalwa ngezinyanga ezi-5. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo ezithile zishintsha umbala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Isibonelo, uRamirezi uphenduka ophuzi.

Esithombeni, i-apistogram kaRamirezi

Izici zocansi zama-apistograms zisezingeni eliphezulu kwezinhlanzi eziningi. Abesilisa bakhulu, bacwazimile, futhi banamaphiko okukhulunywa ngawo. Ubukhulu kanye “nombala wepigogo” kusiza kubonakale phambi kwabesifazane, bafuna ukwamukelwa. Kumakhaza, ngendlela, kunzima ukuncibilika izinhliziyo zama-apistograms. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinhlanzi zomndeni zidinga ukufudumeza amanzi zibe ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-27.