ECrimea, kuhlala izinyoka eziningi. Kepha yikuphi kubo okuyingozi kubantu? Yini okufanele uyenze uma ukulunywa? Futhi yiziphi izinyoka zobuCrimea ezifakwe ku-Red Book? Ngezansi uzothola izimpendulo zale mibuzo.

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Okuqukethwe

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Unobuthi futhi uyingozi

Masisho khona manjalo - ezintabeni zaseCrimea ayikho inyoka eyodwa enobuthi ebeka engcupheni enkulu abantu. Inyoka eyiCrimea kuphela esebenzisa ubuthi ukuvikela i-steppe viper. Zonke ezinye azisongo. Sekukonke, izinyoka ezi-2 zihlala eCrimea, okufaka ingozi encane kubantu - lena inyoka yenyoka enesihloka. Ake sibheke eminye imininingwane.

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Kubukeka kanjani esithombeni

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I-steppe viper inokubukeka okubonakalayo. Ubude obujwayelekile bomuntu omdala ngamasentimitha angama-40-50 (ubude obungamashumi angama-58 cm). Ezimweni eziningi, izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. Ifana kakhulu nenyoka ejwayelekile: umehluko oyinhloko isisondele esiqonde phambili. Umbala wesikhumba uphuzi onsundu: emuva kuvame iphethini ye-zigzag, evame ukuthatha isimo samabala asatshalaliswa ngokungalingani emhlane. Ezinhlangothini ze izinyoka kukhona futhi amabala, imvamisa etholakala emigqeni emibili, kepha ezimweni eziningi la mabala awakhanya njengasemuva. Esinye isici esibonakalayo ukuba khona kwephethini yokulinganisa ekhanda. Isisu senyoka yaseCrimea sikhanya, kungenzeka kube nezindawo ezincane ezimnyama mpunga. Ezimweni ezingatheni, ungathola izinyoka ezimnyama ngokuphelele.

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Unobuthi kanjani

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi le nyoka inobuthi. Kodwa-ke, uluma kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - lapho evikela isidleke senyoka noma esengozini enkulu (ezimweni eziningi umane aqhekeke kude nabantu). Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ubuthi balenyoka “buthakathaka” impela - yebo, ngemuva kokulunywa ngeke uzizwe kahle, kepha ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa uzozizwa ungcono, futhi eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule bekungakaze kube necala elilodwa lapho ukulunywa yinyoka eyi-steppe viper kwaholela ekufeni.

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Kuyingozi kangakanani

Inyoka enamabala aphuzi nayo ihlala eCrimea. Uyaziwa ngokuhlukumezeka kwakhe - angahlasela umuntu futhi amlume, kepha-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukulunywa kwalenyoka akuyona ubuthi, kanti nenxeba elivela kulapho lilapha ngokushesha ngokwanele. Izinyoka ezinombala ophuzi kungenye yezinyoka ezinkulu zaseYurophu. Ubude obuphakathi benyoka ngamamitha ama-2, yize abahambi abaningi sebefikile ngezinyoka ezinobude bamamitha ayi-2,5 noma ngaphezulu. Amaduna amabala aphuzi amade kunowesifazane.

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Kubukeka kanjani

Esheshayo futhi enolaka

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Inyoka enombala ophuzi inesibazi esincane, okuthi, “sikhula” singene emzimbeni ngaphandle kokushintsha. Ijamo le-muzzle liyindilinga, Amehlo awela ngaphandle kwe-orbit kancane. Eduze kwamehlo kuvame ukuba nemibuthano emhlophe nephuzi. Umbala womzimba ongenhla uphuzi-onsundu, onsundu-onsundu, onsomi mpunga njalonjalo. Abantu abamnyama ngokuphelele bayivelakancane.

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Ukulunywa yinyoka - izimpawu nosizo lokuqala

Ukulunywa yinyoka enobuthi yeCrimea akunangozi enkulu ebantwini. Yebo, kubuhlungu, kepha cishe abantu abangamaphesenti ayikhulu bayazithola zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-1-2 ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, noma ngaphandle kokuthola ukwelashwa okuthile. Yebo, kwesinye isikhathi ngemuva kokulunywa kuba nezinkinga - kepha ezimweni eziningi, izinkinga zivela ngenxa yokwelashwa okungalungile okulandelayo.

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Yini okufanele uyenze ngokuluma. Amathiphu Evidiyo nguDkt Komarovsky

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Esikhathini esiningi, izinyoka ezinobugebengu azinacala - uma zibona umuntu, zisuka ngokushesha, bese zisebenzisa amazinyo anobuthi ukubulala inyamazane. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izikhathi, inyoka enjalo isaluma - esimeni sokuzivikela kanye nasendaweni yokuvikela isidleke senyoka. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi uma kwenzeka uthintana akudingekile ukuklabha inyoka - ungayishayi ngenduku, ungayidonsa ngomsila (kungcono ukungazami ngisho nokuyibamba ngomsila) nokunye. Uma nokho inyoka ikuluma, kuzodingeka wenze okulandelayo:

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1. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungesabi. Yebo, igazi lingaqhamuka enxebeni, ekhanda, nasendaweni ethintekile ingambozwa ngezindawo ezingemnandi. Kepha, ungakhathazeki, ubuthi balenyoka buthakathaka kakhulu futhi abantu abafi ngayo.
2. Ngokushesha emva kokuhlaselwa, bamba lonke ubuthi enxebeni, ulukhafulele kaningi emhlabathini. Kokubili umuntu olimele nabanye abantu bangancela ubuthi. Kungcono ukuthi labo bantu abangenakho ukulimala emgodleni womlomo bayibambe. Kodwa-ke, uma ubuthi bungena emgodini womlomo, khona-ke akukho lutho olubi luzokwenzeka - ubuthi buqhekeka kalula esiswini futhi bukhululwe kanye nomchamo.
3. Kufanele inikeze umuntu ukuphumula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thola indawo ethile emnyama, ubeke ingubo phansi bese ubeka umuntu kuyo.
4. Mnike amanzi noma yiziphi iziphuzo ezingezona ezinotshwala, ngoba utshwala bukhulisa izimpawu ezibuhlungu zokulimala.
5. Ukwehlisa amathuba okungezwani, nikeza isisulu izibhebhe ezimbalwa ze-diphenhydramine, suprastin, noma enye i-antihistamine.
6. Ngemuva kosizo lokuqala, ohlukunyeziwe kumele ayiswe esibhedlela.

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Yini izinyoka zobugebengu ezisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu

Ezinye izirhubuluzo zobugebengu zibhalwe encwadini ebomvu. Sifaka kuhlu izinhlobo eziphambili - inyoka engalondekile engasebenzi kahle, inyoka emile emane, inyoka yengwe, inyoka yasekhaya kanye nabanye. Ukubadonsa ngenhloso yokuthengisa kubhekwa njengecala lokuphatha kanye necala. Ababeki ingozi enkulu ebantwini, noma kunjalo, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi enkulu bangaziluma ngobuhlungu, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuba uhlale kubo.

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Photo Collage mayelana nazo zonke izinyoka ezihlala eCrimea

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Hamba ngomoya ophansi ngokunakekelwa okubonakalayo. Yize eCrimea kukhona inani elikhulu lezinyoka - izinyoka, izinyoka, abakopishi nabanye. Azibeki ingozi enkulu kubantu. Inyoka eyi-Crimean enobuthi kuphela i-steppe viper, noma kunjalo ubuthi bayo buthakathaka kakhulu futhi abunakuholela ekufeni komuntu. Futhi, inyoka enamabala aphuzi iba yingozi ethile, ngoba imhlasela kakhulu umuntu, noma kunjalo, ukulunywa kwakhe akubulalanga.

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Ividiyo enemininingwane eminingi mayelana nazo zonke izinyoka ezihlala eRussia nase-Ukraine

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Encane kodwa ilume i-steppe viper

Njengoba usuqonde, yilesi kuphela inyoka enobuthi eCrimea. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, akukaze kube nokufa okuqinisekisiwe okurekhodwe ngemuva kokulunywa yinsini, futhi akwaziwa ukuthi ngabe kukhona ababeqoshwa yini. Ukuze uqhathanise, izisulu zesicabucabu, zekarakurt efanayo, zitholakala njalo.

I-steppe viper (Vipera ursinii) inyoka encane, ubude bayo akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwe-60 cm, ingaphansi kwaleyo ejwayelekile. ECrimea, izinyoka zitholakala hhayi ezindaweni ze-steppe kuphela, kepha nasehlathini emithambekeni. Imvamisa bafikelwa yiKerch Peninsula, emthunzini ophuzi onephethini elimnyama ngemuva ngendlela ye-zigzag yasendulo noma uchungechunge lwamabala, kunephethini emnyama ekhanda. Imvamisa yizinhlobonhlobo zabamnyama - ososayensi abanjengoMasingana babiza izihibe.

Njengazo zonke izinyoka, lobu buthi bunomphumela we-hemolytic, okungukuthi, bhubhisa ifomula yegazi nezindonga zemithambo yegazi (ngalesi sisekelo isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezidakamizwa ze-thrombophlebitis). Uma eluma, indawo ethintekile iyahlukumezeka, iyavuvukala, iphenduka ibomvu futhi iphenduke ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela ikhanda, okushisa kuyenyuka.

ISerum ngokumelene nokulunywa ikhona, kepha ukuba khona kwayo esibhedlela esiseduze akuqinisekisiwe. Kuyingozi ukuba ohlukunyezwe ukuthi ahambe (lapho-ke igazi lithwala ubuthi ngokujulile emzimbeni), futhi i-reptile imvamisa ihlasela kude namaphoyinti wezokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, usizo oluvame kakhulu lukhawulelwe kudivayisi elula yesisulu, ukupholisa ingxenye eyonakalisiwe, ukuthatha inani elikhulu loketshezi (hhayi utshwala!), I-antipyretic. Izimpawu zehla kakhulu ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, kodwa bese kuthi lapho kuvela amanxeba emzimbeni ngaphandle kwesizathu amasonto ambalwa.

Isivumelwano Esenziwe Ngokungafanele

Imvamisa, izinyoka zizisulu zobandlululo lomuntu. Esikhundleni sokuthola ukuthi kunezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi endaweni enikezwe ngokufunda izithombe nezincazelo zazo, abantu bathambekele ekubhekeni wonke umuntu onobuthi futhi onolaka, abababhubhise. Uhlamvu lwemali lwethusi olungenacala luvame “ukuwela ngaphansi kokusatshalaliswa” luze luphele eNcwadini ebomvu.

I-Commonfishfish (Coronella austriaca) inyoka encane (abantu abedlula ama-80 cm ubude abatholakali njalo), yemibala ehlukahlukene. Inketho yakudala ithathwa njengethoni ye-tan ngisho ne-sheen yensimbi, egqamile esiswini. Kepha kukhona abampunga, nabansundu, ngisho nabamele abamnyama. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko iso elihlangene nesiphambano.

I-copperfish ayinabungozi ngokuphelele - ayinabo ubuthi, futhi amazinyo ayo mancane kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zivame ukukhahlela isikhumba (ukulimala okufana nomphumela wethangwe lekati elidlaliwe), kepha lo monakalo uzophola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Izinyoka ezincane azikwazi nakancane ukulimaza isikhumba somuntu. Zidla izinyamazane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi - amaphuphu nezinambuzane.

I-Uzi - abadla amasele aphuzi

In the eCrimea izinhlobo eziphilayo zezinyoka, ejwayelekile yeqembu eliphakathi. Isibonelo esihle inyoka. I-Ordinary (Natrix natrix) yaziwa yibo bonke. Ngombala, inyoka emnyama ekhanyayo yobukhulu obuphakathi enezimpawu zokukhanya "zezindlebe" - amabala wemibala ehlukene ophuzi noma omhlophe ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Uthanda ikakhulukazi izindawo ezimanzi, adla amagundane namasele, futhi anginobuthi.

Isihlobo saso esiseduze kakhulu yikhona okunamanzi, okunamathiselwe ngisho nangokwengeziwe endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Uthanda amaxoxo kungabi ngaphansi kwe-gourmet yaseFrance. Ilula kancane (i-olive emnyama noma emnyama), futhi “izindlebe” zayo azibonakali kangako.

Izinyoka azivamile ukuluma, kepha uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuzoba kubi. Azinobuthi, yize amazinyo azo egobile (ukuze abambe ngokuqinile inyamazane ebanjiwe) futhi angaklebhula kakhulu isikhumba. Futhi abaxubeki amazinyo abo, kwesinye isikhathi abangele ukutheleleka. Kepha ukwelashwa bese kwehla ekwelapheni okujwayelekile kwegciwane lesilonda esincane. Kubi kakhulu uma owethusayo esephendukele "ekuhlaselweni ngamakhemikhali." Kulokhu, ukhipha okuphakathi kwamathumbu akhe kumuntu okonile. Iphunga liyanengeka, alikhululwa nganoma iyiphi indlela isonto noma ngaphezulu.

Iziphi izinyoka ezitholakala esiqwini saseCrimea?

Kwi-steppe Crimea kukhona i-steppe viper, ubude bayo abudluli ngaphezu kuka-50 cm, ukulunywa kunobuthi, kepha ngenxa yamazinyo amancane kukhona ubuthi obuncane, umuntu ngeke afe.

Futhi e-steppe kukhona inyoka enombala ophuzi, onemigudu emine, nengwe. Lezi zinyoka azinabungozi kubantu. Ababeki usongo, ngaphandle kwenyoka enamabala aphuzi, engenawo ubuthi, kepha baphendukela kofexekile ngokweqile kuwo wonke umuntu osondelayo.

Ngingahlangana kuphi nenyoka yobugebengu?

I-Crimean viper ingatholakala e-steppe, ibizwa ngendawo yayo yokuhlala - i-steppe viper. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka luncane kakhulu, ingozi kubantu ayiqondile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kunobuthi emazinyweni, inyoka ayikwazi ukuluma kakhulu isikhumba somuntu, ngakho-ke isisulu sinethuba le-100% lokutakula.

Ingabe ubuthi obunobuthi obuphuzi futhi obunobumba?

ICopperfish isho izinyoka ezingenabungozi futhi ezingenangozi ngokuphelele. Akakhombisi ulaka lapho ehlangana nomuntu, angahlaseli, azame ukucasha. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwakhe, abantu bayamesaba, bavame ukumbulala. Ngenxa yemihlangano enjalo nomuntu, inyoka yayithinteka kakhulu. I-Fishfish yayifakwe ku-Red Book, ngoba abantu, bengazi ukuthi luhlobo luni, bayiphazamisa nge-steppe viper, bayaqhubeka nokuyibulala ngenhloso yokuzivikela.

Inyoka enamabala aphuzi, i-aka yellow-beled, iyingozi ngokwengxenye kumqobeki. Okudingayo ukuxwayiswa lapho ubona lenyoka:

1. Ungasondeli, njengoba enolaka, uphendula kuzo zonke izindlela eza kuye.
2. Amazinyo wezinyoka makhulu ngokwanele, angakuluma esikhunjeni.
3. Ukuphatha kwakhe ngolaka kuyesabisa labo abangayazi inyoka le, ngesizathu sokuthi abantu bamdanise ngolunye uhlobo lwenyoka enobuthi.

Kuyaluma?

ICrimea isivele idume ngokuthi iyawathanda amasele. Swallows kubo bonke. Ngenxa yezinyoka, inani le-frog alikhuli, noma kunjalo, lapho kungekho khona amaxoxo futhi kungatholakali izinyoka.

Akathinti umuntu, akhombisi ulaka. Lapho uhlangana nendoda, inyoka ingena otshanini, ayikhiphi, izame ukungazivezi, iziphathe ngokucophelela. Uma ubamba inyoka idla isele, ingaphenduli kumuntu, iyaqhubeka nokugwinya “isisulu”. Indoda isivele ayinandaba nezinyoka. Imvamisa le nyoka ihamba isuka kubantu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi idlule endleleni.

Lapho esevele ezizwa eyingozi kuyena, angakhipha umiyane eceleni kwesisu sakhe, abe nephunga elingathandeki, elethusa umuntu futhi akhiphe umbono wamanga ngengozi yezinyoka.

Izinhlobo ezifakwe ku-Red Book

Incwadi Ebomvu ifakwe kuhlu njengethusi. Inyoka engavikelekile, inyoka ebabayo.

Ungazivikela kanjani ekuhlanganyeleni ezihuquzelayo?

Ukuze ungahlangani nenyoka eCrimea, udinga ukubheka ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho kulezo zindawo lapho kunesakhiwo se-steppe, clearings ngotshani obude, emaphethelweni amahlathi. Isihambi ikakhulukazi sihlangana nezinyoka, abalingisi, hhayi i-steppe viper singabonwa yiwo wonke umuntu.

Okufanele ukwenze uma inyoka ilume

Lapho ulunywa yinyoka ye-steppe, kufanele kwenziwe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Khipha ubuthi enxebeni.
2. Vumela ohlukumezekile aphumule.
3. Phuza amanzi amaningi.
4. Ukunciphisa ukusabela komzimba, thatha ithebhulethi ye-diphenhydramine ngokuya ngemiyalo.

Inyoka enkulukazi noma inyoka enamabala aphuzi ingakuluma eCrimea. Ukulunywa yinyoka akunabungozi, ngakho-ke amanxeba asuka ekukulungeni kwawo ayaziphilisa, anele ukubaphatha nge-hydrogen peroxide, okuluhlaza okotshani, i-iodine noma ezinye izindlela ezitholakalayo lapho kwenzeka alimala.

Ukuluma okwenyoka kunengozi ethile kumuntu, kepha uma usebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha zokuqala lapho kulunywa, umuntu uyoba nesikhathi sokufika, noma sokufinyelela esikhungweni sokuqala sezokwelapha noma ekhemisi.

Ukubuyekezwa kwezivakashi

Ehlobo saphumula eCrimea. Baqashe izindlu eduzane naseSudak. Saya ezintabeni. Besaba ukuthi sizohlangana nenyoka, kepha azange bahlangane. Kamuva, izakhamizi zakuleli zivela eSudak zithi azikho izinyoka endaweni yazo, zibonakala futhi. Kepha eduzane neKerch, ngokusho kwendawo efanayo, ungakhubekeka enyokeni yesinyathelo. Kodwa, ukulunywa kwakhe akubulalanga.

ISteppe viper

I-steppe viper inzima kakhulu ukudidanisa nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka, inokubukeka okwaziwayo kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala ufinyelela ubude amasentimitha angama-40-50, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike ku-60. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa. Inyoka ifana kakhulu nenyoka ejwayelekile, kepha inomehluko omkhulu, lesi isihlahla esibonisiwe nesiqonde phambili. I-steppe viper inombala wesikhumba onsundu, kukhona iphethini ye-zigzag, nokusabalalisa ngokungalingani ngemuva. Futhi, lezi zinyoka ezinhlangothini zazo zinezindawo ezibuthakathaka, ezihlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Futhi isici esibonakalayo se-steppe viper ubukhona bekhanda lephethini yokulinganisa. Isisu sikhanya, kungenzeka kube khona amabala amnyama-grey kuso. Izinyoka ezivamile zingaba mnyama ngokuphelele.

Inyoka enobuphuzi enonya

Ezinye izinyoka zaseCrimea, ngokolwazi olusemthethweni kanye nokubuyekezwa, zingamalungu omndeni wezinyoka. Babonwa njengabantu abajwayelekile, yize izihlobo ezisondelene zezinyoka ezifanayo, esikhulume ngazo ngokuphezulu embhalweni. Inyoka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma inyoka yaseCaspian (i-Dolichophis Caspius) inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke zamaCrimea, abantu aba-2 m ubude ayijwayelekile. Unamehlo acobayo kancane, izikali ezibushelelezi.Umzimba umnyama (onsundu, umnqumo, ithusi, kwesinye isikhathi umnyama), kanti isisu sigqamile ophuzi noma owolintshi. Kukhona amabala aphuzi ngaphezulu kwamehlo.

Ugibela izihlahla nezihlahla kahle, uvame ukutholakala ezivinini, awunobuthi, kepha imvamisa (lokhu kumhlukanisa nezinyoka eziningi ukuthi zona ngokwazo azihlaseli abantu, kodwa ziphendukela kuphela ekucasukeni). Ngenxa yobukhulu besilwane sasendle, ukulunywa kubuhlungu impela. Kepha akabi yingozi ukwedlula indlu esikwa ngommese. Isilonda sivele sidinga ukwelashwa ngama-magciwane bese sivaliwe ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Uzophola ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ukuhlasela okungazelelwe kwabaningi kuyesabeka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ucabangele ukuthi ungazithatha yini izingane ezincane uhamba ngezivini noma izihlahlana eziminyene.

Ubuthi benyoka yokutholwa

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-steppe viper inobuthi. Kepha uhlasela kuphela ngesikhathi sengozi noma lapho evikela inzalo yakhe. Ezimweni eziningi, inyoka ivele inyathele kumuntu. Udinga futhi ukwazi ukuthi ubuthi be-steppe viper buthakathaka impela, ngemuva kokuluma umuntu uzogula kakhulu, lokhu kuqinisekile, kepha ngosuku kuzoba ngcono kakhulu. Kuleminyaka eyishumi edlule, akubikho ukufa kwabantu abalimele inyoka yenyoka.

Ingozi ebantwini

Omunye omelele izinyoka, okuyingozi encane kubantu - inyoka enombala ophuzi. Wathola udumo olunjalo ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe ngonya, uyakwazi, njengalokho, ukuhlasela nokuluma umuntu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi le nyoka ayinobuthi, futhi isilonda esivela ekulimeni sizophola ngokushesha. Izinyoka ezinombala ophuzi kungenye yezinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlala endaweni yezwekazi laseYurophu. Ubude obujwayelekile bomuntu omdala bufika kumamitha ayi-2. Ezinye zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Inyoka enamabala aphuzi ezinsikazi - incane kancane kunabesilisa.

Ukubonakala kwenyoka enamabala aphuzi

Inyoka inesihlungo esincane, njengokungathi 'sikhula' singena emzimbeni ngaphandle koshintsho. Isimungulu sinesimo esiyindilinga esinamehlo aphuma kancane ezisekelweni zawo. Eduze kwamehlo imibuthano emhlophe kakhulu ephuzi. Isidumbu esiphezulu sinemibala e-pinkish-brown, e-brown-brown, grey-yellow namanye amathoni afanayo. Kutholakala nabantu abamnyama ngokuphelele, kepha lokhu kuyaqabukela.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma inyoka ikuluma? Izimpawu nosizo lokuqala

Ukulunywa yinyoka ye-steppe, njengoba sekubhaliwe, akubeki ingozi enkulu ebantwini. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kubuhlungu kakhulu, cishe bonke abantu balulama ngokuphelele ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2 ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinyoka, okungadingi noma yikuphi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Kwesinye isikhathi, kunjalo, izinkinga zenzeka, kepha lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukwelashwa okungafanele.

Imvamisa, izinyoka ezingena ezinyokeni azinalo ulaka, lapho zibona umuntu zivame ukukhasa futhi zicashe. Basebenzisa amazinyo anobuthi ikakhulukazi ukubulala inyamazane. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, le nyoka iyakwazi ukuluma umuntu, lokhu kwenzeka kaningi uma inyoka izizwa isongela inzalo yayo, ukuze ivikele. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma ubona inyoka, akufanele ukleze, ukushaye, noma ukugibela umsila wayo, nakho lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni. Uma, inyoka ikuhlasele futhi ikulume, qiniseka ukuthi wenza okulandelayo:

1. Into ebaluleke kakhulu hhayi ukwethuka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isilonda singase siqale ukopha, ukulimala, ikhanda lingaba nesiyezi. Akufanele ukhathazeke, ngoba ubuthi be-steppe buthakathaka kakhulu, futhi abakwazi ukubulala umuntu.

2. Masinyane ngemuva kokulunywa, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhiphe lonke lobuthi enxebeni, ulukhiphe njalo. Lokhu kungenziwa zombili ngokuzimela, futhi usebenzise usizo lwabanye. Kubalulekile ukuthi kungabikho isilonda noma ukulimala emlonyeni lapho ubuthi bufiswa. Uma ubuthi bungena esiswini, bungethuki, buqhekeka kalula esiswini bese luphuma ngokwemvelo.

3. Umuntu olumayo udinga ukuthula. Kuyadingeka ukuthola indawo enomthunzi, ubeke okuthile lapho futhi unikeze umuntu ithuba lokuphumula.

4. Ukusuka ekuphuzeni kungcono ukunikeza isiguli amanzi abandayo ahlanzekile, ungakwazi nezinye iziphuzo, kepha kungenalo utshwala. Utshwala bungakhulisa izimpawu zobuhlungu.

5. Ukuze wehlise amathuba okuba komzimba, ukulunywa kufanele kunikezwe amaphilisi ambalwa wanoma iyiphi i-antihistamines.

6. Ngemuva kokunikezwa kosizo lokuqala, kunconywa ukuthi isiguli siyiswe esibhedlela.

Ngiyabonga, bafundi bami, ngokubuka le ncwadi, ngithemba ukuthi ngizokubona futhi lapha uma nithandile i-athikili, ngicela, nibhalise esiteshini futhi nihlanganyele nabangane bakho le ncwadi! Kimi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngizothokoza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuzojabulisa ngokwengeziwe!

Ingwe enhle eCrimea

Ezinye izinyoka ezihlala eCrimea kusolwa ukuthi zinobuthi ngenxa yobuhle bazo obukhulu (ukuzingela kwabathakathi bakudala kutholakala ngqo). Phakathi kwazo inyoka yengwe (uZamenis situla).

Sikhuluma ngamasayizi aphakathi (kwesinye isikhathi angaphezu kuka-1.5 m) womuntu ofana "nokuphrinta kwenyoka" okwenziwe ngemfashini eminyakeni yamuva ezingutsheni nase haberdashery - lokhu kungabonakala esithombeni. Umzimba wakhe ungwevu noma onsundu, unamabala akhanyayo abomvu noma abomvu ku-edging emnyama. Njengawo wonke umuntu, uyakwazi ukugibela amagatsha, kepha kuvame ukucasha emhlabathini ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene (amatshe, i-driftwood). Kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ezinqwabelweni zemfucumfucu yokwakha (ngaphansi kwamabhodi, izingcezwana zesilayidi, amashidi we-tin).

Inyoka iyaluma, kepha ayinalo ulaka hhayi ubuthi. Ukuhlaselwa eCrimea, njengomthetho, kwenzeka lapho izivakashi ezinelukuluku, ikakhulukazi izingane, zizama ukubamba inyoka enhle ekhanyayo. Azithwali ingozi, isilonda siziphilise. Isilwane uqobo lwaso sisengozini - iyacekelwa phansi "uma kwenzeka", izama ukususa isikhumba esihle, futhi ibanjiwe ukugcina indlu. Ngenxa yalokho, isilwane siwele eNcwadini ebomvu.

Ngendlela, izimpendulo zabanikazi bethrafti ziyabona ukuthi lesi isilwane esihle kakhulu, uma ungakha izimo ezifanelekileyo kuso.

Njengoba ubona, izinyoka zaseCrimea akuyona ingozi enkulu. Esikhundleni salokho, abantu uqobo bayingozi kubo - babulala ngeze futhi balwela ukwethusa. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, wonke umuntu kufanele abe ngumuntu. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubulala izinyoka ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngoba ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomcebo wemvelo nobunzima.

ISteppe viper

Inyoka enkulu ngokulingana, ubude bayo bomzimba icishe ibe ngu-40-60 cm, kanti abesilisa bavame ukuba bancanyana kunabesifazane.

Ngokungafani nenyoka ejwayelekile, emizimbeni yayo ebanzi engxenyeni ephakathi, umzimba wenyoka ye-steppe icishe ifane nobukhulu, kuyilapho kufana nokuthi iphothiwe kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini.

Ikhanda liphakanyiswe kancane, ngaphambili limbozwe ngezihlangu eziphakathi nendawo ezinobude obungenamikhawulo, kanti imiphetho yesizalo iphakamiswa kancane.

Izikali zenyoka zinombala onsundu ngombala, kanti emuva kunephethini elihlukile le-zigzag ngombala omnyama noma omnyama. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba kukhona uchungechunge lwezindawo ezimnyama ezingenamabala. Isisu singwevu, sinamagqabha akhanyayo. Akuvamile ukuthi kube khona aminyoka amnyama acishe abe mnyama, acishe abe mnyama.

Imvamisa, inyoka le itholakala ezintabeni, ezintabeni, ezindaweni eziwugwadule, nasezintabeni, lapho zihlala khona endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2700 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Kubalulekile! Ehlobo, i-steppe viper isebenza ikakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa, kanti entwasahlobo nasekwindla ithanda ukuzingela ntambama. Emhlabathini ihamba kancane, kepha ibhukuda kahle futhi ingagibela amagatsha ezihlahla noma ezihlahleni eziphansi.

Le nyoka iyavuka lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela kumadigri ayisikhombisa, bese isikhathi sako sokuzala siwela ngo-Ephreli - Meyi. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, inyoka iletha ama-4 kuye kwangama-24, osayizi wawo acishe abe ngu-11 cm cm, azokhula ngokocansi ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.

I-steppe viper ingaba yingozi kubantu, kepha inenzuzo enkulu, ngoba ibhubhisa hhayi kuphela izinyoni nezinsizwa ezincane, kodwa nezinambuzane zezolimo - amagundane nama-orthopterans. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwayo isikhonyane, esivame ukuba inhlekelele yangempela kubalimi.

Inyoka enamabala aphuzi

Ingenye yezinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu zaseYurophu: kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela osayizi abangama-200-250 cm, kanti abesilisa bangaba yinde kunabesifazane.

Ikhanda lomucu ophuzi ophuzi lincane ngesigaxa esiyindilinga, ukuhlukanisa okulihlukanise nentambo kuvezwe buthaka. Amehlo acwebezela kancane, onomunwe oyindilinga. Isikali maphakathi ngosayizi, bushelelezi impela.

Isidumbu esingaphezulu sidwetshwe kumnqumo- noma ophuzi-onsundu, noma obomvu, obomvu-obomvu, futhi cishe nabantu abamnyama bayatholakala. Isisu sicacile, siphuzi, usawolintshi noma sibomvu-orenji.

Lezi zinyoka zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile - emaqeleni, ogwadule, phakathi kwabafaka amatshe, emithambekeni yemifudlana nasezigodini.

Zitholakala nasezinhlathini, ezihlathini ezihlathini, ezivandeni, ezivinini, emanxiweni ezindlu, ezindaweni zokugcina izidumbu. Izintaba zikhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-1600 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Bazingela ngamagundane, izibankwa, ama-amphibians, izinyoni nezinyoka zohlobo oluthile, kufaka phakathi izinyoka nezinyoka.

Baqala ukushada ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2,5 insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-5-18, okuthi lapho kuqala inyoka yasekwindla ibambe ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-30. Bafinyelela ekuthweni eminyakeni engu-3-4, kanti izinyoka ezinombala ophuzi zihlala endaweni yazo yemvelo kusuka ku-8. kufika eminyakeni eyi-10.

Lezi zinyoka azesabi abantu, uma zihlangana nazo, azizami ukuqamba ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi, zigxotshwe izindandatho, zenze umuntu ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-2, ngenkathi zizama ukungena ebusweni. Ukulunywa yinyoka enombala ophuzi kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi isikhathi esiningi ngemuva kokuhlala kunesibazi esincane.

Inyoka Ekhuphuka Yenyoka

Imvamisa, amaduna alezi zinhlobo awadluli ku-100 cm ubude, izinsikazi zingahle zikhule kancane - aze afike ku-120 cm. Le nyoka, ebonakala ngokuncipha kwesihlobo kanye nombala oyingqayizivele, cishe akunakwenzeka ukudideka nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene.

Inhloko yenyoka yengwe inciphile futhi iphakeme kancane, amehlo athe golide-orenji, aphakathi ngosayizi, umdwebo uyindilinga.

Umbala omkhulu womzimba ungwevu noma ungwevu weparele, kukhona amabala ansundu noma abomvu kuso, afana nephethini esikhumbeni yengwe futhi ahlanganiswe unhlangothi olumnyama.

Izinyoka zeLeopard zitholakala eSouthern Europe. Ngaphandle kweCrimea, zingatholakala, ngokwesibonelo, e-Italy, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, eCroatia.

Lezi zinyoka zidla ikakhulukazi kumagundane afana negundane njengama-voles. Isikhathi sokuzalela sazo senzeka ngoMeyi - Juni, futhi sisuka ku-2 kuya ku-5 cubs hatch ngo-Agasti - Septhemba.

Izinyoka zeLeopard zinokuthula ngokwemvelo futhi azilokothi zihlasele umuntu kuqala, kepha zingazama ukuluma ngesikhathi sokuzivikela.

Inyoka emane ehamba ngomgwaqo

A enkulu, efinyelela 260 cm, kodwa ayinangozi ngokuphelele kubantu inyoka.

Ikhanda lesimo se-rhomboid esiphakeme, ukuthinteka kwesibeletho kuvezwa buthaka. Ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba ivame ukupenda ngumbala onsundu okhanyayo, ophuzi noma onsundu, isisu sinotshani-ophuzi, kwesinye isikhathi kube nezimpawu ezimfushane ezimnyama ngendlela yamabala lapho.

Isici esibonakalayo sezinyoka zalolu hlobo yimicu emide emide yombala onsundu omnyama, osendaweni engenhla yomzimba we reptile.

Inyoka ekhuphuka ngemikhondo emine ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele kahle, lapho kunezindawo ezinomthunzi, omile. Ungahlangana naye emaphethelweni naseziphethweni zamahlathi, emifuleni yezikhukhula, emithambekeni yamatshe egcwele izihlahlana kanye nezwe elinesihlabathi, izivini namasimu ezithelo.

Ngezinsuku ezinamafu, izinyoka zalezi zinhlobo zizingela emini, ezinsukwini ezinelanga nezishisayo ebusuku nase kusihlwa.

Idla izinduku, izinyoni ezinjenge-hare. Ukugibela izihlahla ngokuphelele, ngaphezu kwalokho, iyakwazi ukunqoba ibanga phakathi kwamagatsha akude komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa umoya.

NgoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-4 kuye kwayi-16, ngemuva kwamaviki angama-7 - 9 amabhungu amancanyana ukusuka ku-20 kuye ku-30 ​​cm ubude aboshwe ngesilinganiso. Ziba zilungele ukwenziwa kabusha ngeminyaka engu-3-4.

Lababantu abanalo ulaka futhi uma kwenzeka beba nomhlangano ngengozi nabo, lezi zinyoka zivame ukuzama ukucasha otshanini obukhulu ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-Copperfish

Enhlonhlweni YaseCrimea kunhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-copperfish - i-kawaida i-copperfish. Ubude obuphakathi kwalezi zinyoka bungama-60-70 cm, kanti nomsila umfishane amahlandla ama-4-6 kunomzimba.

Ikhanda licishe libe nokuma okumajamojolo, ubumba buyindilinga, umbala wamehlo u-amber-golide noma ubomvu.

Izikali zibushelelezi, i-torso engenhla inombala onsomi, ophuzi ngokubomvu noma obomvu ngombala obomvana. Ngasikhathi sinye, emuva kungaba nephethini ngendlela yezindawo zokufiphala ezilingana nendawo noma izinkomba.

Umbala wesisu uvame kakhulu ukuba mpunga, kepha ungaba noma yimuphi umbala kusuka kwinsimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uye ocishe ubomvu, ngenkathi kuvame ukuba nezindawo ezimfushane noma amachashazi amnyama.

Ekhanda labalingisi, iphethini yesici iyabonakala, ngesimo somucu omnyama odlula usuka emakhaleni uye emathempelini.

Ama-Copper ahlala ezindaweni ezinokhanya kahle, endaweni eyomile, njengasemaphethelweni amahlathi, imithangala, izihlahla kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, nazo zingakhuphuka ezintabeni zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Le inyoka ihola impilo yansuku zonke, yize kwesinye isikhathi ibonakala kusihlwa, futhi nasebusuku.

Idla izinyoni, izinyoni ezinesayizi ephakathi, izinduku, ama-amphibians, kanye nezinyoka, kwesinye isikhathi kungadla abantu abancane bezinhlobo zayo.

Isikhathi sokuzalela abalingisi senzeka ngoMeyi, bese ehlobo kusuka kumawundlu amabili kuya kwayi-15 aqanduselwa emaqanda abekwe ngowesifazane, angamagobolondo amancanyana. Izinyoka zalolu hlobo zifinyelela ebusheni ngeminyaka engama-3-5, futhi kukho konke, abakopishi bahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-12.

Abakopishi abahlaseli abantu kuqala, futhi abalumi. Kodwa-ke, uma uzama ukubamba inyoka, khona-ke iyokhala futhi ihambisane nendlela yesitha esingenzeka. Uma engafuni ukumshiya yedwa, uzozama ukwethusa umhlaseli ongaba khona ngosizo loketshezi ngephunga elingathandeki kakhulu, elikhiqizwa emithanjeni ekhethekile.

Okujwayelekile

Ingahlukaniseka kalula kwezinye izinyoka ngamabala asekhanda lakhe aphuzi, o-orintshi noma amhlophe.

Ubukhulu obujwayelekile balezi zinyoka ngu-140 cm, kepha izinsikazi zingakhula zibe ngamamitha ayi-2,5. Ikhanda lingunxantathu, luyindilinga kancane ukusuka ku-muzzle. Ubungulu bezinyoka buyindilinga, hhayi mpo, njengezinyoka ezinobuthi.

Izikali zinombala omnyama, onsomi noma omnyama, isisu siphuzi, siphuzi noma siphuzi, sivame ukufakwa ngokufakwa amabala ansundu aluhlaza.

Izinyoka zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama, imvamisa lezi zinyoka zitholakala ngasogwini lwemifula, amachibi, kanye nasezindaweni ezimanzi nezindawo ezinomswakama omanzi.

Lezi zinyoka azesabi abantu futhi zivame ukuhlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zize zingene ezindlini ezingaphansi kwezingadi noma ezingadini.

Izinyoka zithandwa ngabantu abangama-amphibians, izinduku ezinjengegundane nezinyoni ezincane, futhi zidla izinambuzane ezinkulu.

Lezi zinyoka zishada entwasahlobo, emva kwalokho inyoka izalela amaqanda ayi-8 kuye kwangama-30. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2, amawundlu anobude obungama-15-20 cm aqothulwa kuwo.Akulungele ukuzalwa ngeminyaka engu-3-5 yokuphila, kanti izinyoka zonke ziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20.

Lezi zinyoka zinokuthula kubantu futhi akuyona eyokuqala ukuhlasela. Kepha uma becasulayo noma bezama ukwenza okubi, ukuze bavikeleke, bangathambisa umuntu ngoketshezi oluwugqinsi olunephunga elimnandi elikhiqizwa yizindlala ezikhethekile. Ayivamisile ukuluma, kanti amanxeba afakwa ngegama kwesinye isikhathi aphumela ekutheni atheleleke ngenxa yokuthi amazinyo enyoka enesimo esigoqekile futhi nokudla okubolayo kuhlala kuqoqeka phezu kwawo.

Amanzi vele

Inyoka ebukhulu bayo abudluli kumamitha ayi-1,6, kuthi izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Ikhanda licishe liziqobele, lithe ukuhlangana kancane kuze kufinyelele esihlokweni, umfundi uyindilinga.

Izikali ezisengxenyeni engenhla yomzimba zidwetshwe ngombala womnqumo, omnqumo noma onsundu ngombala onsundu, lapho izihlakala noma imivimbo yethunzi elimnyama ihlakazeka khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinyoka zamanzi zeminqumo noma emnyama.

Izinyoka zamanzi azinazo izindawo eziphuzi noma zewolintshi emakhanda abo; esikhundleni salokho, lezi zinyoka zinamabala amise okwenziwe nge-V.

Indlela yenyoka yasemanzini ixhumene eduze nosawoti noma nemizimba emisha, lapho izingela khona ikakhulukazi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphezu kwengxenye yokudla kwakhe yinhlanzi, kanti enye into esetshenziswayo imenyu ngokuyinhloko ingama-amphibians.

Lezi zinyoka zivame ukubonakala ezigcotsheni zaseCrimea, lapho zithanda khona ukuzingela izinhlanzi emndenini ohamba nazo.

Ama-watermen awahambisani nolaka futhi azama ukugwema ukuhlangana nomuntu. Uma kufanele azivikele, khona-ke lokhu ukwenza ngosizo loketshezi ngephunga le-pungent, elikhiqizwa emithanjeni eseceleni komsila wayo.

Ukuziphatha lapho uhlangana nenyoka

Iningi labantu liyazesaba izinyoka ngakho-ke abafuni ukuhlangana nazo nhlobo. Kepha ngisho nezilwane ezifuyayo uqobo, ukushayisana nomuntu ngeke kubizwe ngokuthi kumnandi, ngakho-ke, iningi labo, ngaphandle kokumbalwa kakhulu, lizama ukukhamba ngokushesha okukhulu, lingakuboni ukusondela kwabantu.

Ukuze umhlangano wamathuba nenyoka ungawenzi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi, kunconywa ukulandela imithetho ethile:

• Lapho uya ehlathini noma uhamba ezintabeni, kunconywa ukugqoka ibhulukwe elide noma i-ovaroli ende, okufanele ibhulukwe layo lifakwe emabhuthini enjoloba. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela kumazinyo enyoka uma kwenzeka kushayisana nayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amazinyo okukhishwa okuningi mancane kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka angabhobozi izicathulo noma izingubo.
• Ukuhambisa lapho izinyoka zihlala khona, udinga ukuhamba ukuze umsindo wezinyathelo uzwakale kahle. Izinyoka, zizwa ukuthuthumela kwenhlabathi, nazo zijaha ukucasha kude nabantu.
• Ngokuhlangana ngengozi nenyoka ensimini, ehlathini, engadini noma ezintabeni, akunasidingo ukuthi udinga ukusondela kuyo. Kungcono ukuma ibanga bese ulinda ngokuthula kuze kube yilapho inyathi uqobo lwayo isidamba.
• Uma inyoka inolaka, futhi imvamisa iziphatha njengobuthi, kepha izinyoka ezilume ngombala, ezigwemeka kangcono, zama ukuhambisa kude nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ube uyigcina njalo.
• Akunakushiwo ukuthi kufanele ukhulume nenyoka iqonde etsheni noma esiqwini esiwile, ungasasho ukuthi uzama ukuyixosha noma ukuyibulala. Ngempela, kuleli cala, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyolwela ngokulangazelela impilo yazo.
• Ngaphambi kokuhlala phansi ehlathini noma ezintabeni etsheni noma esiqwini, udinga ukubheka kahle ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho inyoka.
• Inyoka engene itende labavakashi noma isikhwama sokulala ayikwazi ukwethuka futhi ivuse ulaka. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uthule, ngaphandle kokwenza ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, ulinde kuze kube yilapho izilwane ezifuyayo ngokwazo zidilika kubantu.
• Ngokwezigaba, akufanele ukubulala izinyoka noma ngabe ukubukeka kwazo kukhinyabeza noma kuyesabisa.

ECrimea, ayikho inyoka eyodwa engaba yingozi ebantwini. Ngisho nobuthi be-steppe viper buthakathaka kakhulu kunobuthi bezinhlobo zawo ezihlobene. Ngokuqondene nengwe engenabungozi nenyoka enomgwaqo omane, ukuhlangana nazo akunakwenzeka, ngoba izinyoka zalezi zinhlobo azivamile futhi zivikelwe. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akufanele, lapho ebhekene nabo, azame ukubabamba noma ukubalimaza. Uhlobo okuwukuphela kwalo lwezinyoka ezinobugebengu ezingaba nolaka kubantu inyoka enobuthi ophuzi, kusuka lapho kufanele uhlale nje ungazami ukumcunula. Futhi, ngokweqiniso, umuntu akufanele ayesabise inyoka noma avuse uhlaselo, ngoba lapho-ke umhlangano nalesi sihlahlamgwaqo kuphela ongaba yingozi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.