Isicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil satholakala ngonyaka we-1833 ngudokotela wezilwane waseJalimane, uMaximilian Perti. Ubuye wachaza uhlobo lwefoni uFututria alunikeza izinhlobo ezi-2 zalo mndeni: I-Phoneutria rufibarbis futhi I-phoneutria fera. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini, igama lohlobo luhumusha ngokuthi "umbulali". Ku-2016, ikhathalogi yomhlaba yezicabucabu inabamele abangu-8 bohlobo lwefoniutria. Igama lesicabucabu senziwa iqiniso lokuthi le nhlobo ayiboshelwe endaweni ethile futhi ayifaki iwebhu, iyazingela ebusuku ekujuleni kwamahlathi ashisayo. Igama lesicabucabu sebhanana sanikezwa ngoba lalivame ukutholakala kakhulu ezitsheni zalesi sithelo.

Lapho kuhlala khona iBanana Spider

Ukusakazeka kwesicabucabu sebhanana ikakhulu eSouth America. Isicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil sitholakala emahlathini aseCosta Rica nakuyo yonke iNingizimu Melika. Imihlangano nalesi sigcawu iqoshwe emazweni afana ne-Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil neParaguay. Izinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo lwefoniutria zitholakele esifundeni sase-Amazon. Uhlobo olulodwa luhlala eCentral America, okuyiPanama naseCosta Rica. Izinhlobo ezisele zihlakazekile emahlathini ase-Argentina, eBrazil naseParaguay. Isicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil asitholakali esifundeni esisenyakatho-mpumalanga kuphela. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi spider asiboshelwe endaweni ethile futhi sihamba kaningi lapho sithutha izimpahla, ukulunywa kwaso kuhleliwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Njengesibonelo, singanikeza izifunda ezahlukahlukene zeNyakatho Melika kanye neYurophu. Amacala okulunywa aqoshwa eNgilandi naseSpain. Imvamisa, ucasha izinyanda nezithelo, okungukuthi ubhanana, ngakho-ke qaphela.

Incazelo nokuziphatha kwe-Banana Spider

Isicabucabu sebhanana sinobude bomzimba obungamamitha ayi-17 kuye kwangama-45. Imilenze yakhe inobude obungamasentimitha ayi-13 kuya kwayi-15. Isicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil silula ukudidanisa nolunye uhlobo lwesicabucabu, ngokwesibonelo nohlobo lweCtenus. Ingahlukaniswa ubukhona bezinwele eziminyene kuma-pedipalps. Yize lo mehluko ungeke uthathwe njengobaluleke kakhulu, kufanele ukhonjiswe njengophawu oluhlukile. Enye indlela yokuhlonza isicabucabu sebhanana kungaba umugqa omnyama ogijima kulo lonke ubude bomzimba we-arthropod kusukela ekhanda. Kepha lesi sici asisiwo umehluko obaluleke kakhulu kwezinye izicabucabu. Isikhombi esibaluleke kakhulu sesicabucabu seBanana singabhekwa njengokuziphatha kwakhe, ngoba lapho kuvela usongo, uthatha isikhundla esikhethekile sokuzivikela. Isimo sokuzivikela sesicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil sisezandleni eziphakeme eziphakeme, futhi kungukuphendula okuzivumelayo okuvumela lolu hlobo lwenhlobo ukuthi lukhonjwa.

Ubuthi besicabucabu obuzulazulayo baseBrazil

Ubuthi besicabucabu esihambahamba eBrazil sibhalwe ku-Guinness Book of Records njengobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Lo mbono I-Phoneutria nigriventer, ine-neurotoxin PhTx3 ekwakhekeni kwayo. It, ngokuya ngomthamo, isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, kepha uma umkhawulo we-toxicity wedluliwe, uyingozi kakhulu. Isenzo sobuthi sidala ukulahleka kokulawulwa kwemisipha, okuholela ekupheleleni noma ekubanjweni kwenhliziyo. Futhi isibonakaliso esibonakalayo ngokulunywa kwesicabucabu sebhanana kungukwenza kuqala. Ukulunywa kwesicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil kunokuba buhlungu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinsikazi zikhiqiza ubuthi obunamandla amakhulu kunabesilisa. Ukuze uqonde ingozi yalesi zinhlobo, ukuze ubulale igundane elinesisindo esingu-20 amagremu, udinga ama-microgram ayi-6. Ngokumelana nobuthi besicabucabu sebhanana, kune-antidote esetshenziswa kahle ukuluma. Ngakho-ke, inani lokufa lehlile laze lancipha.

Habitat

Izicabucabu ezizulazulayo zihlala emahlathini aseCosta Rica, eColombia, ePeru, eBrazil naseParaguay futhi zathola igama lomkhuba wokuhamba ehlathini ziyofuna ukudla ebusuku. Emini, zithanda ukucasha ezindaweni ezimnyama nezinomswakama, njengamaphala ezinkuni, amagalaji, amawadi, izicathulo kanye nezinqwaba zezingubo.

Kuyingozi kangakanani lokhu kuzalaniswa?

Ukulunywa kwe-Phoneutria nigriventer kubuhlungu kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umuntu uhlangabezana nokuqunjelwa kwemisipha, wehlise ukugeleza kwegazi, i-pulmonary edema, futhi mhlawumbe isimo esibulalayo esifana nokushaqeka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukusetshenziswa komuthi kuyadingeka. Amadoda futhi angathola ama-erections abuhlungu, aphikelelayo ngesikhathi sokudakwa. Kulokhu, i-Phoneutria ubuthi isetshenziswa ezidakamizweni ukwandisa i-potency.

Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu, isicabucabu se-vagus sithathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu kubantu, yize ngokuya ngocwaningo lwaseBrazil ngonyaka ka-2000, ngaphansi kwe-5% yamacala angama-422 okubikwa kokulunywa yilandelwa ukudakwa okunamandla kuholele ekusetshenzisweni komuthi. Imiphumela ye-Lethal iyivelakancane kakhulu ngisho naseBrazil.

Ungawabona kanjani ama-arthropods anobuthi?

Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ziyaziwa, eziyingozi kakhulu zazo i-Phoneutria fera ne-Phoneutria nigriventer. Ngaphandle, zihlukile kancane komunye nomunye.

I-Phoneutria nigriventer inemilenze emide eqinile efinyelela ku-15 cm ubude futhi ingahamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela ku-5 cm. Zimbozwe izinwele, zivame ukuba nsundu, kwezinye izinwele ezibomvu ezikhanyayo zitholakala kwizindlala ezinobuthi. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezicabucabu ezinobuthi kubantu.

Uyacasuka kalula, uphakama ngokushesha aqhamuke esesimweni "sokuhlasela", ephakamise izindandatho zakhe zomoya emoyeni, ngokusabisa ngokukhombisa ubuthi obunobuthi (chelicerae), ngenkathi ezulazula esuka ngapha nangapha.

Kuyinto inhlanganisela yobukhulu, isivinini, ubuthi kanye nokungahambi kahle okungenza ukuhlangana nalolu hlobo, ukukubeke ngobumnene, kungathandeki. Ukuqapha akulimazi.

Empumalanga yeBrazil, kuvame kakhulu futhi kuvame ukutholakala emakhaya. Kepha ngisho lapho, ukulunywa akuvamile, futhi imbalwa yayo iholela emiphumeleni emibi futhi, ikakhulukazi, ekufeni, ngoba ngesikhathi sokulimala, izicabucabu zifaka ingxenye yephoyizeni yazo noma zingasebenzisi ubuthi nhlobo, zikhiqiza ukuluma “okuomile”.

Umsoco

Ukudla kuqukethe izinambuzane nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, kufaka phakathi ama-amphibians, ezihuquzelayo, amagundane nezinye izicabucabu.

Isicabucabu esizulazulayo sizingela emhlabathini futhi sicashe lapho siqamekele noma sibulale ngokuhlasela okuqondile. I-Arthropod isebenzisa ukuluma kwayo okunobuhlungu nobuzungu ukuze ibambe inyamazane endaweni yayo yemvelo eseNingizimu Melika.

Ukuzala kabusha nokujikeleza kwempilo

Izicabucabu zeBanana zikhiqiza usilika - intambo yamaprotheni emincane, eqinile edonswa yisicabucabu esivela kuma-spinner, imvamisa etholakala esiswini esingezansi. Intambo isetshenziselwa ukukhuphuka, ukwakha izindonga zomgodi, ukwakha ama-sacs amaqanda lapho isidoda sigcinwa okwesikhashana, nangezinye izinhloso.

Izicabucabu ezizulazulayo zaseBrazil zizalela amaqanda emasakeni amaqanda aqoshwe ngentambo kasilika. Isidoda esingena kuso sisuka kowesilisa sigcinwa ngowesifazane wesicabucabu esiseqandeni seqanda futhi sisetshenziswe kuphela lapho inqubo yokubeka iqanda - lapho amaqanda ehlangana okokuqala nesidoda sowesilisa futhi evundiswa.

Ezimweni eziningi, ngemuva kokuzalela, owesilisa kufanele abe nesikhathi sokuphunyuka ngaphambi kokuba imizwa evamile yokuphinga ibuyele kowesifazane. Ngale njongo, abesilisa abadala banokuqina emaphethelweni amatende abo, futhi lesi sici senza ukuthi sikwazi ukusihlukanisa ngokombono kowesifazane. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwezicabucabu zeBrazil ezulazulayo yiminyaka engu-1-2.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, ezindabeni babika ukuthi bathola izicabucabu ezulazulayo emabhokisini ngamabhanana ezitolo ezinkulu noma ezindlini zokugcina eziseYurophu. Imvamisa, lezi zivakashi zaphesheya kwezilwandle zigcina seziba ezinye izingosi ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo ezingabungozi kangako.

Kubukeka kanjani

Isicabucabu sebhanana yaseBrazil, sibuye sibe yisicabucabu esizulazulayo, esizulazulayo, siyisosha, sikhula size sibe ngu-4 cm, kanti imilenze yaso isabalale - cm ayi-12. Izinduna ziyingxenye encanyana.

• Umzimba uqukethe isisu se-convex, i-cephalothorax. Kumbozwe izinwele ezincane ezisindayo.
• Umbala ungwevu, ucishe umnyama.
• Imicu emnyama igijimisana nomzimba.

Izithombe zesicabucabu sebhanana zitholakala ngezansi.

Amaphayi mide, anamandla. Azikhonzi ngokunyakaza kuphela, kepha futhi ziyizitho zokuhogela, ukuthinta. Kukhona amehlo ayi-8 ekhanda, ahlinzeka ngesibuyekezo esibonakalayo sawo wonke ama-degree angama-360. Ubona isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo, amathunzi, esabela kahle ekunyakazeni.

Isici esingahlukile akuyona ukubukeka, usayizi, kepha isigcawu esikhethekile isicabucabu sebhanana sithatha ngaphambi kokuhlasela. Imile emilenzeni yangemuva, iphakamise imilenze engenhla, isakazekele eceleni. Kulesi sikhundla, umhlaseli ugxuma ngokushesha kuso isisulu, isitha, silimaze into enobuthi.

Lapho kuhlala khona

I-Arthropod imele iziloba ezishisayo. Uthanda ukushisa, umswakama, akakubekezeleli ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa. E-Russia, isicabucabu sebhanana asenzeki endle. Kepha zivame ukuthola njengesilwane esifuywayo.

Izimpilo ezihlahleni zikabhanana, kepha azidliwa. Imvamisa sebenzisa amaqanda ukubeka amaqanda, indawo yokukhosela yesikhashana. Umhlaseli akazakhi izimbobo, uhlala ehamba, ngoba lokhu kwakuthiwa uyazulazula. Imvamisa ingena ezindlini zabantu, icashe emabhokisini, amakhabethe, izingubo, izicathulo.

Isicabucabu sebhanana esibhanana esithutha sisuka eMelika, e-Afrika, e-Asia, sitholakala emabhokisini, emakhethini, ngaphakathi kweziqu. Isibonakaliso sokuba khona komphangi esithelweni uqobo siwubhubhisi ngaphansi kwekhasi, indawo emnyama ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.

Indlela yokuphila

Izicabucabu ezisebhanana zihlala, zishade, zibeke amaqanda, zilinde isisulu. Izinsikazi zigqoka amanetha amakhulu okuzingela, afinyelela kububanzi obuyi-2 m. Iwebhu iqinile kangangokuba ibamba ngokukhululekile izinduku ezincane, izinyoni, ama-amphibians. Ukudla okuyinhloko izinambuzane, izicabucabu ezincane, amacimbi.

Umhlaseli ugxuma kahle, ugijime ngokushesha, ahlasele ngejubane lokukhanya kombani. Umuthi onobuthi, amathe. Isisulu sikhubazekile imizuzu embalwa, ukungena ngaphakathi kuphenduke isisi esinamanzi. Ukusuka ekukhiqizweni kuhlale ikhava eyisithuthi kuphela. Isicabucabu sase-Afrika esibhanana sakha inkundla yempi yangempela, sifaka lonke uhlaka.

Isicabucabu Banana saseBrazil

Ubuthi besicabucabu sebhanana bubonwa njengobuthi obedlula bonke emhlabeni, ngenxa yalesi sici i-arthropod yawela kuGuinness Book of Record. Ibuye ibalwe phakathi kwezicabucabu eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Isele, iringi, into enobuthi ibulala ngemizuzu eyi-15, izinambuzane ziyafa ngokushesha.

Ukuzala

Akukho ukuthandana isikhathi eside, kepha kukhona indlela ekhethekile. Owesilisa uletha ukuphatha insikazi, inhloso yakhe kuphela yokuthi angayidli. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, umsebenzi wakhe ukufihla ngokushesha okukhulu. Izicucu zezinsikazi ngamaqanda ekhasini lebhanana - kuze kube yizicucu ezingama-300 ngasikhathi. Cubs zizalwa ngezinsuku ezingama-20.

Isilinganiso sokuphila komuntu omdala yiminyaka emi-3.

Ingozi ebantwini

Izicabucabu zebhanana ezenzakalisayo zitholakala emhlabeni wonke, amacala ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu ayakhonjiswa ezindabeni. Ngo-2013, isakhamuzi sase Samara sathenga inqwaba yamabhanana emakethe, sathola umdlwenguli waseBrazil lapho. Yibeke ngesineke embizeni, wayihlola. EMoscow, amacala anjalo avela kaningi kakhulu. Izicabucabu zikabhanana zitholakala ezitolo ezinkulu, ezimakethe nasezitolo.

Umhlaseli akasiye owezidalwa ezinolaka, uhlasela umuntu, azibone eyingozi. Ukuluma kungaba yingozi ezinganeni ezincane, kubantu abanamasosha omzimba ababuthaka, asebekhulile nalabo abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba. Ngokwe-theoretically, i-spider banana yaseBrazil ingabulala usana ngemizuzu eyi-15, umuntu omdala esigamu sehora. Kwakungekho okubulalayo.

Incazelo yeBanana Spider

Izicabucabu zeBanana ezihlala emazwenikazi ahlukahlukene zihluka ngobukhulu bomzimba ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4 cm futhi zinemilenze emide kakhulu, ubude bayo bufika ku-12 cm.

Imilenze ephakeme yesicabucabu sebhanana, enezingwegwe ezibukhali emaphethelweni, ingenza iwebhu enkulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Imicu yamandla aphezulu isetshenziswa yi-arthropods njengezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuzingela ezibambe izinambuzane, izimvemvane, amabhungane nezinyoni ezincane ebusweni bazo.

Kumugqa ngamunye kwenethiwekhi, amaseli alingana ncamashi futhi anda nebanga ukusuka enkabeni. Isisekelo sewebhu sakhiwe ngemicu eyomile, kanti ingaphezulu liqukethe into enamathela ebamba isisulu ngokuqinile endizeni.

Habitat

Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yesicabucabu sebhanana ihlathi elishisayo laseNingizimu Melika, i-Australia neMadagascar.

E-Australia, kunabantu abangabobukhulu obunjalo abakwaziyo ukubamba ibhungane, inyoni encane noma ilulwane. Kwamanye amazwe, la ma-arthropods eza nokulethwa kwezithelo eziphuma kwamanye amazwe. Izinsalela zesicabucabu sebhanana zitholakale emafosheni asendulo aneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-16.

Izici zokuziphatha

Isicabucabu sebhanana sihlala sikuwebhusayithi yaso - siyisongela phakathi kwezihlahla, ngamaqabunga ebhanana nasekhaya lomuntu.

Izicabucabu ze-Banana zizingela ebusuku lapho iwebhu yazo yegolide negolide ziheha isisulu esingaba khona.

Izicabucabu zinamakhono amakhulu wokuxhumana nabantu. Emizimbeni yabo kukhona uketshezi olukhethekile, oluthi, ngokuhlangana kwezicubu zomzimba, luphenduke iwebhu evulekile.

Isici esahlukile sezicabucabu zebhanana kwezinye izicabucabu ukuthi azinaso esisodwa, kepha izisulu zesigcawu eziyisikhombisa zonke, ngalinye elihluka ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali futhi lenze umsebenzi othize:

• i-gland eqinile inikeza isivikelo esithembekile samaqanda abekwe emathonyeni angaphandle,
• indlala ethambile isetshenziselwa ukubopha inyamazane ebanjiwe,
• I-axial iron isetshenziselwa ukulengisa isisulu ngentambo enamathelayo,
• Izinduna zokugcina ezi-4 ziyahlanganiswa futhi zixhunywe ocingweni olulodwa oluqinile, okuhloswe ngalo ukwakha uhlaka lwewebhu oluthembekile.

Amaphethelo wokuphawula emihcweni yemilenze yesicabucabu avumela insikazi ukuthi isabele ngokushesha ekushintshashintsheni okuncane kuwebhu kuzo zonke izinkomba eziyi-8 zenethiwekhi.

Izicabucabu ze-Banana zinobuthi be-neurotoxic ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa zesisulu, oluboshwe ngokungahleliwe. Ngokungafani nezicabucabu ezizulazulayo, azifuni izisulu zazo, kodwa zilinde ngesineke.

Ngemuva kokushona kwelanga, kuvela inqwaba yezinambuzane emoyeni, okuwukubanjwa okulula komzingeli we-arthropod, aqonde kuye ngokulandelayo:

1. Isisulu esingahleliwe siwela ogibeni.
2. Owesifazane usondela futhi alimale.
3. Isizinda ukhubazekile ubuthi, ezisontekile esaphila igobolondo lewebhu.
4. I-cocoon imiswe enkabeni yenethiwekhi ngentambo eqinile.

Kungani isicabucabu sibizwa ngokuthi ubhanana?

Emazweni ubhanana afana ne-Ecuador neBrazil, abathela ubhanana bahlala bebhekene nezicabucabu zebhanana. Lapho amaqabunga ehlangana ngokuqinile komunye nomunye, ngale ndlela eyindilinga eyisiphephelo esiyingqayizivele ethokomele emakhoneni atholakalayo esitshalo atholakala.

Into emhlophe kubhanana, efana nobumba noma uvolo wekotini - lezi izidleke zesicabucabu.

Ukhathele ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane?

Ezweni noma emaflethini amaflethi, amagundane noma ezinye izinambuzane ziyakhula? Udinga ukulwa nabo! Bangabathwali bezifo ezinkulu: i-salmonellosis, amarabi.

Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zibhekene nezinambuzane ezilimaza isivuno futhi zilimaze nezitshalo.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, abafundi bethu batusa ukusebenzisa okusungulwayo kwakamuva - umphangi ophansi wePest.

Inezakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• Ikhulula omiyane, amaphela, izinduku, izintuthwane, izimbungulu
• Iphephile izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo
• Izinhlungu zinikwe amandla, akukho kuphinda kwakhiwe kudingekayo
• Awukho umphumela omlutha ezinambuzaneni
• Indawo enkulu yedivayisi

Ingabe isicabucabu sihlasela abantu?

Izicabucabu ze-Banana zihlala zinamathela ezilwaneni zazo futhi zigcinela ubuthi, hhayi ukuhlaselwa, kodwa ngokubulala inyamazane.

Abalokothi bahlasele kuqala, isimo esinjalo singenzeka uma umuntu ephazamisa noma echoboza i-arthropod ngengozi, ngakho-ke akufanele uthathe isicabucabu sebhanana ezandleni zakho noma uzame ukusibamba.

Ingozi yokulunywa ngabantu

Ngokuya ngohlobo nendawo ehlala kuyo, izindlala ezinobuthi zesicabucabu sebhanana zinamazinga ahlukahlukene obuthi.

Umuntu kasiye umuntu ohlukunyezwa yisicabucabu, kepha ukulunywa kwakhe kungaba buhlungu kakhulu futhi kubonakale kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• izinhlungu ezivuthayo ngokuluma,
• isicanucanu nesiyezi
• ukoma nomlomo owomile njalo
• ukuvuvukala endaweni yamanxeba,
• izinhlungu ezibukhali besisu.

Lapho ubuthi besicabucabu sebhanana buthinta umzimba, abanye abantu bathola ukungahambi kahle kokuthile okubangelwa ukuphefumula, ukuqubuka nokuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwama-mucous.

Izinzuzo zesicabucabu

Izicabucabu zebhanana zizuzisa imvelo ngokudla izinambuzane eziyingozi.

Abadobi emanzini asePacific nase-Indian Oceans, bakha amabhola kusuka kuwebhu yesicabucabu sebhanana bese beyisebenzisa njengesibambo sokudoba.

Usilika wenziwe nge-cobwebs yokugqoka yezokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukusha.

Emithini yesintu, ama-cobwebs asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-abrasions kanye nokushisa amanxeba. Iwebhu inezici eziphezulu kakhulu, zokuphulukisa nezokulwa namagciwane.

Ukugqoka kwewebhu kuhlinzeka ukuphuma kwenxeba lamagciwane, kunemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala ne-analgesic, futhi kugqugquzela ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba ngokushesha.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Banana Spider

Isicabucabu seBanana singokwama-arthropod arachnids, anikezwe i-oda lezicabucabu, umndeni weNephilidae, uhlobo lweNephila.

Izicabucabu zingabameli abahlukile bezimbali nezilwane. Kuphela bathambekele ekwenzeni i-web futhi babe nama-8 paws. Lezi zici zishukumise ososayensi bakudala ukuthi umbono wokuthi lezi zidalwa aziveli eMhlabeni, kodwa zeza lapha zivela kwiplanethi ehlukile ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, izinsalela zakamuva zokhokho basendulo zezicabucabu zanamuhla ezivunyelwe ukuphikisa lo mbono.

Ososayensi banamuhla abasakwazi ukunquma isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kwezicabucabu emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igobolondo le-chitinous lama-arachnids libhujiswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Okuhlukile yizinsalela ezimbalwa zokhokho basendulo bama-arachnids banamuhla, abasasinda kuze kube namuhla ngenxa ye-amber noma izingcezu ze-resin eqandisiwe.

Ividiyo: Isicabucabu seBanana

Ngokusho kokutholwe okumbalwa, ososayensi bakwazile ukuqamba isikhathi cishe sokuvela kwama-arachnids - cishe ngonyaka wezigidi ezingama-200-250 edlule. Izicabucabu zokuqala kakhulu zazibukeka zihluke kakhulu kubamele banamuhla bale nhlobo. Babenamasayizi amancane kakhulu omzimba nengxenye yomsila, okwakuhloswe ngayo ukusoka ama-cobwebs. Inqubo yokwakheka ngentambo okunamathelayo kungenzeka ivele ngokungathandeki. Izintambo zazingasetshenziswanga ukwaluka imichilo, kepha ukufaka umgoqo wazo nokugcina ukhukhunathi.

Ososayensi babiza indawo okuvela kuyo ama-arachnids Gondwana. Lapho kuqala iPangea, ama-arachnids akhona ngaleso sikhathi asakazekela ngokushesha ezifundeni zomhlaba zomhlaba. Iminyaka eyalandela yeqhwa inciphise kakhulu indawo yokuhlala kwama-arachnids emhlabeni.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, izici zemisebenzi ebalulekile nokubukeka kwesicabucabu sebhanana kuchazwe ngumcwaningi waseJalimane, uMaximilian Perti ngonyaka we-1833. Wamnika igama, elalihunyushwa ngokuthi “umbulali” ngesiGreki.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Banana Spider eMelika

Ukuvela kwezicabucabu zebhanana akunazimpawu ezithile nezici ezihlukile. Kungadidaniswa kalula nanoma yisiphi esinye isicabucabu. Kulolu hlobo lwesicabucabu, i-dimorphism yezocansi ishiwo kahle - izinsikazi cishe ziphindwe kabili kunamadoda ngobukhulu nangesisindo somzimba.

Izici ezihlukile zokubukeka kwamasosha azulazulayo:

• usayizi womzimba - amasentimitha angu-1.5-4,5,
• imilenze emide, usayizi lapho kwabanye abantu kufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15. UChelicera kubantu abaningi unombala onsundu, obomvu okumnyama. Lokhu kwesabisa abanye abahlaseli abakhombisa isifiso sokuzingela izicabucabu. Kwamanye imilenze kukhona izindandatho eziguqukayo ezidwetshwe ngombala omnyama,
• isiqu simele izigaba ezimbili: isisu se-convex ne-cephalothorax,
• umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezinohlonze, eziqinile,
• umbala ungwevu omnyama, eduze nomnyama. Abanye abantu banombala obomvu omnyama obomvu,
• umbala we-arthropod uncike esifundeni nasezimeni zokuphila, njengoba umbala womzimba wenza umsebenzi wokuhlikihla,
• imicu emnyama igijimisana nomzimba.

Imilenze emide iwuphawu lwesicabucabu sebhanana. Zisetshenziswa hhayi njengendlela yokuhamba, kepha futhi njengezitho zokuthinta nezokuhogela. Banama-receptors amaningi we-hypersensitive. Ekhanda kukhona izibini eziyisishiyagalombili zezitho zombono. Ngenxa yenani elinjalo lezitho zombono, zinikezwa ukubuka okungama-360-degree. Bahlukanisa kahle hhayi nje kuphela izithombe ezicacile, kodwa futhi nemithunzi, ama-silhouette ngamanye. Izicabucabu ze-Banana zinokusabela okuhle kakhulu, okusheshayo lapho uhamba.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Isibonakaliso esiyingqayizivele sesosha elizulazulayo libhekwa njengesici esibonakalayo kuye kuphela. Lapho ehlasela, uvuka emilenzeni yakhe yangemuva, uphakamise izandla futhi aqonde ngaphambili. Kulesi sikhundla, ukulungele ukuhlaselwa kombani kanye nomjovo wobuthi obunobuthi kakhulu.

Ngabe sidlani isicabucabu sebhanana?

Isithombe: Banana Spider

Amasosha azulazula abhekwa njengezinambuzane ezinhle kakhulu. Bazondla ngakho konke abangakubamba amanetha abo okubambisa. Futhi akudeleli ukudla kwemvelaphi yezitshalo - ubhanana, noma izithelo zezinye izihlahla zezithelo.

Okusebenza njengendawo yokuphakela:

• amabhungane
• midges
• isikhonyane
• amacimbi
• izinambuzane
• amanye, ama-arachnids amancane,
• izibankwa
• izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-amphibians,
• izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni ezincane,
• izinyoka
• izinduku.

Izicabucabu zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhipha umthombo wokudla. Bangakwazi ukufaka amanethi okuzingela aqine kakhulu abazinikeza ukudla.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Kwezinye izimo, ubukhulu bukaPutin bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2! Kubonakaliswa ngamandla amangalisayo, njengoba ikwazi ukubamba inyoni eye yawela kuyo, ibhungane noma inyoka encane.

Izicabucabu nazo zingaphanga inyamazane yazo. Bakhetha umuntu ongaba isisulu, ngaso leso sikhathi bayamfica, bame ngemilenze yabo yangasemva bahlasele, bafake umjovo obulalayo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lobuthi, isisulu sikhubazekile futhi kunokugaywa nokuncibilika kokufakwa kwaso. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izicabucabu zimane nje ziphuze okungaphakathi kwenyama yazo.

Ubuthi bezicabucabu zebhanana kubhekwa njengobuthi kakhulu. Ukubulala igundane eliphakathi nendawo, badinga kuphela ama-micrograms ayi-6 emfihlo enobuthi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isibambe isisulu esilandelayo ku-web yayo eqinile, intokazi yesicabucabu asiphuthumi ukuyambulala. Ukudlengwa kukhubazekile ngomjovo wobuthi futhi kuhlanganiswe ku-cobweb. Ngemuva kwalokho imiswe esimeni esiphilayo. Ngakho-ke ukumbiwa phansi kungagcinwa isikhashana.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Banana Spider ngemvelo

Esikhathini esiningi izicabucabu zichitha kuwebhu ziyalukiwe. Ingatholwa ezakhiweni zokuhlala, noma ezakhiweni okungezona zokuhlala. Bancamela ukuzingela ebumnyameni. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho iwebhu yabo yabekwa ngezithombe ezinhle zesiliva eziheha izisulu ezingaba khona. Izicabucabu ze-Banana zingcweti zokwaluka ezihlukile. Izinduna ezikhethekile emzimbeni wazo zakha uketshezi oluthile, okuthi, lapho kufakwa imicu yemisipha, luphenduka iwebhu.

Ukuluka iwebhu kwenziwa kuphela ngabantu besifazane. Abantu besilisa bakhona kuphela ngokuzala. Iziduna zondla izinsalela zezinyamazane zabesifazane. Izicabucabu ze-Banana zihlukile ezihlotsheni zazo ngesivinini sokuhamba kanye nokusabela kombani okusheshayo. Izicabucabu azesabi ukuhlasela ngisho nalabo abamele izimbali nezilwane zasendaweni eziphakeme kunabo ngosayizi, amandla namandla. Imvamisa, empini ebonakala ingalingani, izicabucabu ziyakwazi ukunqoba, njengoba zijova ubuthi bazo obunobuthi ngokushesha. Isayensi iyawazi amacala lapho izicabucabu zikwazile ukunqoba umugqa wabantu abadala.

Izicabucabu azivame ukuhola impilo yokuhlala. Bahlala bezulazula, okuthe lapho bathola igama labo lesibili. Imvamisa kufanele bahambe amabanga amade. Izicabucabu azikwazi ukugijima ngokushesha kuphela, kodwa futhi futhi zingagxuma kakhulu. Umsebenzi omkhulu ubonwa ebusuku. Ntambama, izicabucabu zifihla ngamahlamvu, emagatsheni zezihlahla nasezihlahleni eziseduze kwewebhu eziyukiwe. Izinwele, noma ama-bristles, asezithangeni, akuvumela ukuthi uphendule ngokudlidliza okuncane nokuhamba kwezihlakala zesicabucabu.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Banana Spider

Abesilisa baphansi kakhulu kunabesifazane ngobukhulu nangesisindo. Ngaphambi kokushada, kujwayelekile kubo ukuheha ukunakwa komlingani ongaba naye ngomdanso oyingqayizivele nemilenze eshaya ngamandla. Ngemuva kokuba inqubo yokuphelisa inyama isiqediwe, isikhathi sokubekwa kweqanda siqala. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda abekiwe nge-cocoon kusuka kuwebhu bese uwalengisa ngosizo lwentambo eqinile. Izinsikazi ziqaphe ngenkuthalo cocoons zazo kuze kube yilapho izicabucabu zibhoboza kuzo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25 ukusuka esikhathini sokubekwa eqokeni lamaqanda, kuvela izicabucabu ezincane.

Ubukhulu bekhekhe elilodwa lingamasentimitha ambalwa. Kungaba khona amakhukhunathi amaningi anjalo. Sekukonke, insikazi eyodwa ingazala isuka emaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya kwezinkulungwane eziningana. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezicabucabu zebhanana sivame ukuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli futhi siqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuba inqubo yokupheleliswa isiqediwe, umuntu ngamunye wesilisa ubaleka ngokushesha, njengoba ngokuvamile abesifazane bavele badle abalingani babo lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhwelana.

Izicabucabu zifinyelela ekukhulelweni kweminyaka yobudala emithathu. Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-12 zokuphila, bamelana nezixhumanisi eziyishumi nambili. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, inani lezixhumanisi liyancipha, futhi ubuthi bephoyinti buyakhuphuka. Ukukhula kwesicabucabu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwesigcawu esisodwa ezimweni zemvelo siyiminyaka engama-3-5.

Izitha zemvelo zezicabucabu zebhanana

Photo: Banana Spider in Bananas

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izicabucabu zebhanana zithathwa njengesinye sezidalwa eziyingozi futhi ezinobuthi emhlabeni, nazo zinezitha.

Izitha Ze-Spider Zemvelo:

• wasp tarantula hawk. yi-wasp enkulu kunayo yonke ekhona emhlabeni. Ukubonakaliswa kobudlova akuyona into eyingqayizivele kuye. Akahlaseli ezinye izinambuzane, kuphela izicabucabu. Izinsikazi ziyazibulala izinambuzane, zizenze zikhubazeke ngosizo lobuthi bazo obunobuthi. Ngemuva kwalokho, zizalela amaqanda emzimbeni we-arthropod bese ziyidonsela emgodini wazo. Ukufa kwesicabucabu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba kudliwe izibilini zalo yiqolova oluhlafunwe iqanda,
• ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni,
• ezinye izinhlobo zama-amphibians nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezitholakala ehlathini,
• izinduku.

Izicabucabu zivame ukufa, zizivikela kilabo ababeka engcupheni. Izicabucabu azivamisile ukubalekela lapho kuvela ingozi, kaningi zizama ukuzivikela. Izicabucabu zibhekwa njengezinolaka kakhulu futhi ziyingozi kakhulu. Ingozi ibangelwa kuphela ngabesifazane bamasosha ajikelezayo. Abesilisa abakwazi ukwenzakalisa noma ngubani, kakhulu ukubulala umuntu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Banana Spider

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indawo yokuhlala yama-banana arthropods incane, amanani awo namuhla awekho engozini. Imvamisa, izicabucabu zivame ukuhlala ehlathini, endaweni engakaze izitha zayo. Ebantwini, la ma-arthropods ayingozi ngempela, futhi kukhona ngempela ukuluma. Uma kwenzeka kushayisana nesicabucabu, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu walunywa yini, kubalulekile ukuthi afune usizo lodokotela olufanele ngokushesha.

Ngenxa yokuthi akukho okusongela izicabucabu, umthetho awuzange uthuthukise noma yiziphi izindlela noma izinhlelo ezikhethekile okuhloswe ngazo ukugcina amanani abo noma ukuzikhulisa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iNingizimu Melika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala yemvelo yesicabucabu, ifakwa ekhaya ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Abafuyi bezindawo ezingamakamelo ezingafani nezingajwayelekile, ezihlukile futhi eziqondene ngqo nezitshalo nezilwane akufanele bakhohlwe ngengozi elindele njalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthola isilwane esinjalo, kufanele utadishe ngokucophelela imibandela nemithetho yokugcinwa kwayo.

Izicabucabu zeBanana zivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngezithelo zegama elifanayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, emakhoneni ahlukene kakhulu omhlaba, amacala okuthola kwawo emabhokisini noma emaphaketheni ngamabhanana ayaqoshwa. Ngaphambi kokudla lezi zithelo, kumele uzihlole ngokucophelela ngaphandle kobukhona be-cobwebs, noma amashubhu amnyama.