U-Adelie ungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zepenguin. Bangaphezu kuka-4 700,000 abantu abahlala ogwini lwe-Antarctica kanye neziqhingi eziseduzane nezwe. Kwethulwa amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-penguin we-Adelie.
Igama elihle lale nyoni lisuselwa egameni likankosikazi kaJules Dumont-Durville - umhloli wamazwe waseFrance ongumhloli wamatilosi. Ngo-1840, yena nethimba lakhe bathola ingxenye yezwe i-Antarctica, nayo eyaqanjwa ngo-Adele. Lapha, abacwaningi bathola ikolishi lamapenguins ngaphambili. Leli gama elingajwayelekile lalivezwa egameni lesayensi lesiLatin - Pygoscelis adeliae.
I-Adele kulula kakhulu ukuyihlukanisa kwamanye ama-penguins amnyama namhlophe. Osayizi babo bancane kakhulu: ukukhula kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-70, isisindo - ama-6 kilos. Kepha isici esikhulu se-Adele yimibuthano emhlophe ezungeze amehlo akhe noqhwaku oluncane oluhle.
Lokhu kungukubukeka okubuye kwaba ngumzekelo wabalingiswa abaphambili bezidwebo zaseSoviet nezaseJapan ezikhuluma ngamapengu, ngokwesibonelo, “The Adventures of the Lolo Penguin” (1987), “Make Feet” (2006) kanye nezingxenye eziningana ze- “Madagascar”.
Lezi zinyoni ngeke zibizwe ngokuthi zingenangqondo noma ziyisiphukuphuku: ngesikhathi esifanele zizokhombisa umlingiswa wazo, zilwe kalula nomuntu oyimbangi, zivikele insimu, izihlobo noma umndeni engozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nabantu abasebenza eziteshini ezise-Antarctica, banobudlelwano obuthembekile. Abanye abantu abanelukuluku bangase basondele ngisho nasezakhamuzini ezinamadolobhana aseduze.
Ama-penguins alezi zinhlobo athola umngane womshado impilo yonke. Unyaka nonyaka, imibhangqwana iyatholana ezindaweni zayo ezindala zokuphelisa izidleke, ilungisa izidleke.
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2 umahluko wezinsuku ezi-5. Esikhathini esizayo, isimo sengqondo sabazali ezinganeni ezimbili siyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobukhulu babo: inkukhu enkulu kuqala iqala ukuhlola umhlaba nokuya olwandle ukuyodoba, kanti omncane uhlala ekhaya.
Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, u-Adeles uhlala olwandle oluvulekile, asuka ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zokudlela amakhilomitha angama-600-700. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuthi baphumule kahle, uthole isisindo futhi uthole amandla phambi komgwaqo omkhulu oya phansi.
- Ukubhukuda kokubhukuda
Njengoba ama-penguins esebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo emanzini, anamaphiko anamandla nemilenze emikhulu ye-webbed ezisiza ukuzigcina zisendleleni ethile futhi zifinyelela isivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-20 ngehora. Uma umhlaseli ejaha u-Adele, ijubane lenyoni lingakhuphuka liye kumakhilomitha angama-40 ngehora.
Emhlabeni, ama-penguin abukeka emabi. Ngehora banganqoba amakhilomitha angama-4-5 kuphela, kepha ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. I-Adeles ihamba, igijime futhi inyakaze, kanti ngenxa yobukhulu besakhiwo somzimba, lokhu kunikezwa kalula. Ama-penguin alala esiswini sawo futhi axoshwa yimilenze yawo, asiza amaflakhuthele.
Isikhathi sokudalwa kuka-Adele naso sidlula ngendlela eyinqayizivele. Baqoqa ngenkuthalo amatshe abilayo - okuwukuphela kwento ebonakalayo yokwakha.
Ama-penguins avikela indawo yawo yokudla esidlekeni futhi ahlukanise izinkulungwane zabanye eminyakeni eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngeminyaka, i-Adele ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezidleke: ezinye zinezibabule eziningana, ezinye zinamatshe angamatshe asongwe ngobumba ngendlela yesitsha esikhulu. Njalo ngonyaka ipenguin encane ithuthukisa isidleke sayo, iyenze ibe yinde futhi ihehe ngokwengeziwe.
Uma ezinye izibini zezinyoni zivame ukufaka esikhundleni esinye esidlekeni amahora ambalwa - ukuthola ukudla noma ukuphumula, “amashifu” ka-Adele ahlala amasonto ambalwa. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, insikazi ihlala ingadli inyanga, emva kwalokho iduna lihlala emaqanda likhiphe umama olwandle amasonto angama-2,5. Ngemuva kokubuya kwakhe, lo mbhangqwana uphinde ushintshe izindawo kuze kube yilapho amathole ezelwe futhi eqiniswa.
Lapho amachwane eqala ukukhula futhi efinyelela amasonto amane eminyaka, bobabili abazali baya olwandle. Izingane ziba ngamaqembu abantu abangu-10-20, ababhekwe ngabadala abasele. Lapho bebuya, abazali babona kalula amaphuphu abo futhi bahlanganyele nabo ukudla. Ngesonto lesishiyagalombili, "i-nurseries" iyaqhuma, bese izingane zifundela ukudoba zodwa.
Ama-penguin e-Adelie awesongelwa nge-hypothermia ngisho nangezinsuku ezinzima kakhulu, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela - ama-60 degrees. Amafutha abo angaphansi anezinto ezifakelayo, kanti izimpaphe zigcwele ngamafutha angenawo amanzi. Lapho ukuvikeleka okunjalo kusebenza kakhulu futhi umzimba ushaxha, izinyoni ziphakamisa amaphiko azo ukuze zipholile kancane.
Usuku, ipenguin eyodwa ye-Adélie idla cishe amakhilogremu amabili ka-krill nezinhlanzi ezincane ngokwesilinganiso. Kulula ukubala ukuthi sonke isibalo sabantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezi-5 nsuku zonke sisebenzisa amakhilogremu ayisigidi ayisishiyagalolunye kokudla kwasolwandle. Leli nani lifana ne-70 yezilokishi zokudoba ezinomthwalo.
- Mayelana nekusasa lama-penguins e-Adelie
Emuva ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000s, ososayensi baqala ukukhala i-alamu: izinguquko zesimo sezulu zizothinta kakhulu izici zokuphila kwepenguin. Ngasogwini lwe-Antarctica, kuyanda ifomu leqhwa neqhwa, yingakho indlela yokuya ezidlekeni inyuka. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2002 lwabonisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, izinyoni zase ziqale ukusebenzisa isikhathi esingangezikhathi ezine ukunyakaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezimo zesimo sezulu, i-Adele ingazalela kuphela esikhathini esichazwe ngokuqinile. Uma umkhuba wokugcwala ngokweqile kweqhwa uqhubeka, kuzothinta inani lamakholoni. Ngemuva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka, enye yezinyoni ezisakazeke kakhulu e-Antarctica iba sengozini yokufaka amakhasi eNcwadi Elubomvu.