I-Redstart iyinyoni engajwayelekile futhi enhle enobukhulu obuncane, engeyama-Passeriformes e-oda. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zale nyoni ezitholakala eRussia; izinhlobo eziningi okuthiwa azibhalayo azihambi zingene emazweni ethu.

Izinyoni ezikhulunywa kakhulu futhi ezixoxwa kakhulu ngalolu hlobo zingabhekwa njenge-redstart ejwayelekile (i-coot, ingadi), i-chernushka ne-Siberian redstart.

Ubude bomzimba wakhe wonke bufinyelela ku-15 cm, kuthi amaphiko abe ngamasentimitha angama-24. Inyoni inesisindo esingama-20-25 amagremu.

Ihlala kuphi i-redstart

Ungahlangana nale nyoni emazweni amaningi, kepha iningi lawo lihlala engxenyeni eseNingizimu-East Asia, cishe yonke indawo yase-Europe, e China, India nase Russia.

Iningi elibomvu kabusha lihlala kulezo zingxenye lapho kukhona indawo enezintaba, kodwa-ke, nazo zihlala emahlathini, ikakhulukazi emahlathini aphayini. Amahlathi ajwayelekile ahlanganiswe nezitshalo eziningi zobungcweti kanye nezomhlwa nazo zikulungele kahle ukuhlalwa kwalezi zinyoni.

Endaweni yakithi, i-redstart yengadi ingatholakala emapaki, izingadi, izingadi zemifino: into esemqoka ukuthi kunezhlahla eziningi eziyize ezikhula eduze.

Ebusika, i-redstart indiza isiya ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Arabian Islands nase-Afrika.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinyoni. Umehluko phakathi kokunye okutholwayo kwalezi zinyoni kwabanye ngumbala wezintshe kunasekuqaleni, okhanya kakhulu futhi ukhange kakhulu kunezinye izinyoni.

I-redstart inomsila obomvu okhanyayo, kanti ezinye izimpaphe zidwetshwe zimnyama, zimhlophe futhi zinsimbi grey. Kukholakala ukuthi umbala wesilisa uqhakaze kakhulu kunephunga lowesifazane.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ebusika, amathiphu wesilisa we-featherstone abe mhlophe kancane. AbakwaRedstart bayizinyoni ezisebenzayo impela: azihlali kodwa, kepha zihlala zindiza, zidala umsindo omningi.

Ngabe idlani le nyoni?

Izinyoni ezinje zidla izinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo nezindizayo: izimpukane, amacimbi, omiyane, amapayiphu wezimvemvane, futhi izicabucabu kanye neminonjana emincane kungabikwa njengokudla kwazo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi lezi zinyoni ezincane zidla izinambuzane kuphela, zipenda ngentokozo enkulu zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo amancane akhula ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni.

Inqubo yokuthola nokudla ukudla iyathakazelisa kakhulu, i-redstart ayidli masinyane izinambuzane: okokuqala, inyoni ibamba inyamazane, bese iyiyisa endaweni lapho kungekho ngozi. IBhungane elikhulu liqala ukushaywa yilolu qalo ngoqhwaku lwalo, noma liphonswe ngokukhethekile phezu komhlaba onzima womhlaba ukuze lihlebe inyamazane. Izinkumbi ezincane noma izinambuzane, ubomvu ubhoboza imilenze yayo.

Ngaphambi kokuletha inyamazane ukondla amantshontsho ayo, i-redstart beak chop bese inquma izinambuzane futhi amajikijolo aklebhukile, futhi emva kwalokho ithumele lo "puree" kubulomo bezingane zabo.

Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokusatshalaliswa

Endle, ama-redstart ahlala emahlathini, okungajwayelekile ezindaweni ezihlala amahlathi, eYurophu nase-Asia. Futhi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye- "izwekazi elimnyama". Ebusika, bathuthela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho abameleli balezi zinyoni bevame khona. Isibonelo, ukuqala kabusha kwaseSiberia endaweni yasebusika kuya eJapan.

Izinyoni zibuyela entwasahlobo lapho ukudla okwanele kungatholakala endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Bahlomisa izingalo zamagatsha ezihlahla futhi banikeze abanye ukucula kwabo, okuhlukaniswa ubumsulwa nomculo. Izinyoni zivame ukungayeki ukuthula ebusuku, ngaleyo ndlela zijabule ngemfudumalo kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noJulayi.

Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kanjani

Imvamisa, ama-redstart akha izidleke zawo emgodini wezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zawo zingakhiwa ngaphansi kophahla lwendlu yokuhlala komuntu noma esakhiweni esenziwe ngokhuni.

Amacala okwakhiwa kwezidleke ezimpandeni zezihlahla akuvamile: kulula ngokwanele ukulungisa impahla lapho isidleke sizoboshelwa khona. Yakhiwa kusuka otshanini, amahlumela, iminyuzi, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala imicu, izintambo, uvolo kotini.

Owesilisa uqinisekisa ukuthi ezinye izinyoni azihlali esidlekeni esisanda kwakhiwa, futhi unesibopho sokuhlanzeka kwendlu okuthiwa lapho kuhlala amathole (nsuku zonke ususa konke okungadingeki kuqhwaku).

Le nyoni iqala ukubeka amaqanda ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ekhondweni elilodwa kunamaqanda ayi-6 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuqandeka kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili, emva kwalokho amachwane aqandusela esidlekeni ezinye izinsuku eziyi-15.

Kokubili insikazi nowesilisa kudlisa inzalo yabo: baletha ukudla emachwaneni abo kuze kube ka-500 ngosuku. Ababelethi bahambisana namantshontsho aze aqale ukundiza ngokuzethemba athole ukudla kwabo.

Izici nokudla

Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni, obufana nezilimi zamalangabi, imvamisa awudluli ku-150 mm. Isisindo saso sincane futhi - sinama-g angama-19 kuphela.Nosayizi onjalo, ukubuka ukuqala kabusha kuwumsebenzi olula. Izinyoni ezincane “zikhaphela” umbala obomvu okhanyayo wezimpaphe ezisuswini kanye nomsila ofanayo “ovuthayo”. Ikhanda langemuva limpunga.

Ukuqala kabusha kwesilisa nabesifazane kuyizinyoni ezincane nezincane, ezingase zihlukaniswe ngenxa yezimpawu zeplamu. Insikazi inomthunzi onsundu wezimpaphe.

Ukudla kokuqala kabusha kufaka:

· Futhi njengokudla okwengeziwe - amajikijolo.

Ama-ptah ayasebenza usuku lonke. Bahlala egatsheni noma emaphondweni, bagoba umsila wabo. Sebeqaphele izinambuzane, zibamba isikhashana, bese behamba bayobamba inyamazane yabo. Uqhwaku lwazo luvumelaniswa nokubamba izimbungulu kanye nama-midges kulimpukane.

Ukulandelela izinambuzane ezincane ezinwabuzelayo emhlabathini, zikhetha ukuphakama okuncane: endaweni enezinkuni - amatshe noma amagatsha aphansi ezihlahla, eduze kwendlu yomuntu - ama-cornices noma izikebhe zezakhiwo.

Amakhono omculo enyoni

Inzuzo enkulu ye-redstart ukucula kwayo, okuhlukaniswe ngokuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: isingeniso, umvuthwandaba nesiphetho.

Uma ubheka ngokucophelela indlela yokucula kwabo, ungabona ukuthi ukuvame ukuqalwa phansi kufana nokufana nokucula kwezinye izinyoni.

Izinyoni zicula cishe sonke isikhathi, zithatha ikhefu kuphela ebusuku, ngokoqobo amahora ambalwa. Ngokuphuma kwelanga, baqala ukwenza imisindo yemilingo yengoma yabo emnandi, behlikihla umsila wabo ngenkuthalo.

Ekuntweleni kokusa, lapho i-redstart iqala ukucula, umbala wamabala wepayipi uyakhazimula ikakhulukazi kusukela emisebeni yelanga ekhuphukayo, ngakho-ke i-redstart yathola igama layo, ngoba kusukela ekuhlanganiseni komsila we-orange kanye nemisebe ephuphuthekisayo, kungabonakala sengathi izimpaphe zempaphe zimane zishise futhi zishise.

Iningi labesilisa licula, lingacula cishe izingoma ezingama-500 ngosuku olulodwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kweRedstart kubantu

Le nyoni ilusizo olukhulu engadini nakwizitshalo ezikhulayo, njengoba le nyoni ingadli amahlamvu aluhlaza, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni.

Abantu bayajabula lapho le nyoni ihlala phansi eduze kwekotishi labo lasehlobo noma engadini, ngoba ichitha izinambuzane ezingalimaza ukubukeka kwesilimo esihle (lokhu kufaka izimbungulu, amabhungane, omiyane nezinambuzane ezidla amahlamvu).

I-Ara parrot

Yini ehehayo futhi engajwayelekile kule nyoni

• Ebona esibukweni kuboniswa komzimba wakhe, i-redstart ingamjaha ngokuhlasela,
• Izinsikazi zithanda ukubamba izinambuzane phezu komhlaba, kanti owesilisa ubamba izinambuzane ezindiza,
• Ama-redstart angakwazi ukwenza izidleke zezinye izinyoni (ngokwesibonelo, amakhukhamba amancane) kanye nezawo: zondle, uzifundise ukudla nokundiza.

I-Redstart ingenye yezinyoni ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi eziqaphelekayo; umbala wayo awukwazi ukudidaniswa nombala wanoma iyiphi enye inyoni!

Kubukeka kanjani

I-Redstart ingabonakala kalula, yona inyoni encane enomsila obomvu. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-redstart umbala womsila nesisu; anombala obomvu ocebile, emuva ngimpunga. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinsikazi zinsundu kakhudlwana ngombala. Ngesikhathi indiza isuka egatsheni iye kwelinye, i-redstart ibopha umsila wayo, obonakala sengathi ukhanyisa umlilo elangeni bese ibamba. I-redstart yaqanjwa kanjalo ngombala ogcwele umsila, kubonakala sengathi “iyasha” (umsila uyavutha).

Phakathi kokuqalwa kabusha, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukahlukene, ezibandakanya i-red -art redstart (evamile), ebomvu kabusha, ebomvu kabusha yaseSiberia, ebomvu ebomvu, i-redotart, i-redotart. Ngasikhathi sinye, zonke ziyahlukahluka ngomzimba omfushane, uqhotho obunjengobuso be-awl obuncane ekugcineni, imilenze emide nemincane.

I-Blackstart redstart

I-Blackstart redstart noma i-blackstart redstart ivame ukutholakala eYurophu naseCentral Asia. Ungaphansi kondlunkulu futhi unesisindo esingu-14-19 amagremu. Owesilisa unepula elingenhla elingenhla limnyama, ibunzi, ibhulashi, izihlathi, intamo kanye ne-goiter kumnyama, umsila upende ngombala o-orange o-rusty onamachashaza amnyama. Ngaso leso sikhathi, insikazi ine-hue brown brown-brown, ngaphandle kwengubo ebomvu nengubo ebomvu ekhanyayo.

Izinyoni ezinje zihlala ezindaweni ezinentaba:

• amatshe amatshe
• emaphethelweni edwala
• emithambekeni enamatshe aqwebile

Ziphinde zitholakale ezindaweni okuhlala kuzo, lapho zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zezimboni nezokwakha, izindawo ezivulekile ezinezakhiwo ezihlukile njengamapayipi ezimboni noma amakhefu amasonto. Ama-Redstartts amnyama agcinwa eyedwa futhi ngababili.

E-Ukraine, i-blackstart redstart ibhekwa njenge isidleke, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezifudukayo ezitholakala ezweni lonke.

Ukucula kuyakudala kakhulu futhi kuyadelela ngezinto zokugcoba, njengesitofu. Ekuqaleni, kuzwakala iTrill hoarse trill, ivolumu yayo ikhuphuka kancane kancane, kuthi emva kwalokho kwakhiwe i- trill ende. Ngo-redstart redstart, iculo lingaphindwa kaninginingi zilandelana.

Okumpunga okumpunga noma okujwayelekile

Umbala ompunga noma obomvu ngokujwayelekile ungenye yezinyoni ezinhle. Kodwa-ke, owesilisa kuphela ongaziqhayisa ngezinsimbi ezidwetshwe kamnandi, ngoba amaplamu kowesifazane ampofu. Umbala onsundu, kepha umsila ubomvu okhanyayo. Esiduneni, iplamu langemuva liyi-ash-grey, isifuba, isisu, izinhlangothi nomsila kupende ngombala obomvu ovuthayo, kepha umphimbo wakhe nesihlathi kumnyama. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa unebunzi elimhlophe.

I-Redstart ejwayelekile ihlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, i-Eurasia, kanye nasemaRussia amaningi.

Ngaphandle komehluko ongaphandle, i-redstart ejwayelekile ibuye ihlukaniswe ngokucula kwe-sonorous. Ekuqaleni, i-trill ijwayelekile futhi i-sonorous, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imvamisa ye-trill iyancipha.

Ingadi kabusha

I-bustani redstart ithanda ukuhlomisa izidleke kuphela ezihlahleni, ezitholakala ezivandeni ezindala, emapaki. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukhetha ukuhlala kude nabantu. Indawo ebomvu engadini iyatholakala futhi emahlathini amade axubile, emahlathini acijile, lapho kuhlala kukhona izihlahlana eziminyene.

Indawo ebomvu engadini yabesilisa inomzimba ophezulu womphimbo, umphimbo omnyama, izinhlangothi kanye nebunzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye engenhla yekhanda maphakathi nomzimba ophansi inombala omhlophe. Isifuba, izinhlangothi kanye nomsila obomvu ogqamile obomvu. Ngokungafani nabesilisa, izinsikazi zidwetshwe ngompunga omnyama, kepha ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ingwevu. Futhi ezimpaphe ezingwevu zomzimba ophansi kukhona izindunduma ezimpunga.

Ukuculwa kokuqalwa kabusha kwengadi kuyavumelana futhi kucebile. Ekuhlabeleleni kukhona ama-melodic nama-stanzas amnene. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-redstart iyinhlekisa elimnandi futhi elingenamahloni, ngakho-ke livame ukuhumusha izingoma zabanye abantu.

Qalisa kabusha

I-Redstart-coot - inyoni encanyana ethambile emilenzeni emide emincane. Lezi yizinyoni ezihamba nendlwana, ngakho-ke ezindiza zihamba usuku nosuku, zizungeza umsila wazo omuhle.

Ukucula kabusha kubi kuhlukile kwezinye. Ingoma iqukethe ithrekhi emfushane, ethize yamakhala, eqala ngomsindo oweluliwe futhi iphele ekunxuseni okuhlukile kakhulu phakathi kwengoma.

I-Redstart yaseSiberia

ISiberian Redstart itholakala emahlathini aqhakazile, izihlahlana, izingadi ngisho nezindawo ezithile eningizimu yeSiberia, Isifunda sase-Amur nasePriborye. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidleke zihlelwe emigodini, amadwala aqhekekile, inqwaba yamatshe noma ngaphansi kophahla lwamabhilidi.

Ku-Redstart yesilisa yaseSiberia, ingaphezulu lekhanda nentamo kukhanya ngombala, izinhlangothi zekhanda, umphimbo, emuva nezimpiko zimnyama, kepha kukhona ibala elimhlophe ngamaphiko. Isisu nomsila zibomvu ngokugqamile. Insikazi ifana ne-redstart evamile yabesifazane. Amapulangwe akhe ansundu, kepha umsila, njengowowesilisa, ubomvu okhanyayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inendawo emhlophe emaphikweni.

I-Red-belued Redstart

I-Red-belued Redstart ifana kakhulu ne-Siberian Redstart, kepha inkulu futhi igqamile. Owesilisa une-chestnut ebomvu ye-chestnut, kepha insikazi inesisu esibomvu nebala elimhlophe emaphikweni.

Ihlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zaseCentral Caucasus naseSouthern Siberia, noma kunjalo ifukama ezintabeni eziphansi - emahlathini ase-sihlahla se-sihlahla se-sihlahla sasemanzini noma semifula yemifula.

Ukubhebhetheka

I-Redstart iyinhlobo ejwayelekile yezinyoni zaseYurophu, ngakho-ke indawo ehlala kuyo ihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kutholakale eYurophu, iningi laseSiberia eliseNtshonalanga neCentral ne-Western Asia. Kakhulu bakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aphayini. Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziyisihluthulelo zezidleke ziseyimiphetho yamahlathi, iziqu zezihlahla, amasango amadala, izingadi namapaki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-redstart akhetha ukufaka izidleke ezindaweni zokugcina lapho izidleke zakhiwa ngokuphepha. Izinduna zihlala phansi emigodini, emagatsheni aminyene ezihlahla, ezihlahleni ezinde neziqu ezindala.

Ukuzala

Ekubomvu kakhulu, i-clutch ayidluli amaqanda ayi-6,7, adwetshwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogqamile. Ukuqandusela amaqanda kwenziwa kuphela ngowesifazane. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 wokukhiqizwa, kuzalwa amachwane, emva kwalokho amanye amasonto angama-2-3 bobabili abazali balethele amachwane ukudla. Amachwane aqala ukundiza inyanga ngemuva kokuvela. Amathanga ashiya izidleke ngemuva kokuba esekhulile afunda ukundiza, kepha azulazule esidlekeni. Ukukhula okusha kutholakala eduzane namachibi nasezihlahleni. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-redstart ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo amanye amabhangqa afeza ukubekwa okungama-2-3.

I-Nesting

Izinzwa zihlala ezindaweni ezivalekile nezingafinyeleleki. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidleke zakhiwa ngendlela engenandaba futhi zinesimo sendebe. Ukwakha i-redstart, kusetshenziswa iziqu ezomile ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo ze-herbaceous, kusetshenziswa imicu yezinkuni enezinhlanganisela zamaqabunga, ama-moss kanye nezingcezu zamagxolo. Emva kwalokho, kusungulwa udoti esidlekeni, kubandakanya uboya, izimpaphe nezicucu zamaqabunga. Ubukhulu besidleke esinjalo bancane: ububanzi - 110 mm, ukuphakama - 90 mm, ububanzi be-tray ngokwesilinganiso 90 mm, ukujula kwetreyi ku-40-70 mm.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emahlathini kuvame ukuba nezindlu ezikhethekile zokuvuselelwa kabusha ezenziwe ngezandla zabantu. Kodwa-ke, indlu kufanele yenziwe kuphela ngekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ilungele izinto zezinyoni. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhodi alahlekile - ibhodi le-slab noma elihlanganisiwe, ukushuba kwalo kungamasentimitha angama-2,5,5. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ibhodi kufanele lihlelelwe kuphela ukusuka ngaphandle kwendlu.

Indlu ingcono ukwenza usayizi ofanele:

• ukuphakama - 20-25 cm
• phansi - 12 kuya ku-12
• indawo engezansi yangaphakathi yi-15-20 sq.cm
• ububanzi bamakhanda - 3-4 cm
• ibanga ukusuka ezansi kwe-notch kuya ezansi - 10-12 cm
• kusuka phezulu kwenothi kuya ophahleni - 4-5 cm

Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-redstart awanandaba nezindlu ze-rhombic, ngakho-ke ungazibeka engela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlobo indlu iqondiswa entshonalanga noma eningizimu, into esemqoka akuyona ukuhlangana nomoya.

AmaRedstart nawo agcinwa ekhaya. Bahlala kahle ezitokisini. Kodwa-ke, akunconywa ukuthi kugcinwe kabusha izinkamba eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba ziyalwa, kaningi ngaphambi kokubulawa komphikisi.

Okudingayo

Redstart / Phoenicurus phoenicurus / Redstart

I-redstart idla izinambuzane kuphela - izimpukane, omiyane, izimbungulu, amacimbi, izicabucabu. Futhi, abanandaba nokudla amajikijolo - ama-currants, ama-elderberry nama-raspberries. Ekwindla nasebusika, i-redstart inaka izithelo nembewu. Uma ugcina i-redtart ekhaya, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukondla kokubili ukudla okukhona nokuphila kwezezinyoni ezingakhuselekile (Padovan).

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ukuchazwa kokuqala kabusha okuhle kwenziwa ngusosayensi wemvelo waseSweden uC. Linney ngo-1758 encwadini yeSystema Naturae ngaphansi kwegama le-binomial elithi Motacilla phoenicurus. Igama lohlobo lwePhoenicurus laqokwa isazi semvelo saseNgilandi uTomos Forster ngonyaka we-1817. Uhlobo negama lezinhlobo ze-phoenicurus livela kumagama amabili esiGreki asendulo u-phoinix “obomvu” no -ouros - “onomsila”.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: AbakwaRedstart bangabameleli abajwayelekile bomndeni kaMuscicapidae, okhonjiswe kahle yi-etymology yegama lesayensi, owazalwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamagama amabili esiLatin athi "musca" = fly and "capere" = ukubanjwa.

Isihlobo esiseduze sofuzo se-redstart ejwayelekile yisibabule esimhlophe, yize ukukhethwa kohlobo kunika ukungaqiniseki ngalokhu. Kungenzeka ukuthi amadlozi akhe ayeyisiqalo sokuqala ukusakazekela eYurophu. Kukholakala ukuthi basuka eqenjini labamnyama elibomvu kabusha eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizigidi ezintathu edlule ekupheleni kwePliocene.

Ividiyo: Redstart

Ngokwezakhi zofuzo, i-redstart ejwayelekile neyimnyama namanje iyahambelana futhi ingakhiqiza inzalo ebonakala iphilile futhi inwebekile. Kodwa-ke, la maqembu amabili ezinyoni ahlukaniswe yizimilo zokuziphatha ezahlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zezemvelo, ngakho-ke ama-nzalo akavamile emvelweni. URedstart waba yinyoni yalonyaka eRussia ngonyaka ka-2015.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Redstart bird

I-redstart ifana kakhulu ngokubukeka nokuziphatha kwe-zoryanka. Unobude obufanayo bomzimba obungu-13-14,5 cm, kepha isibalo esincanyana kancane nesisindo esingaphansi kwe-11-23 g. Umbala womsila obomvu, lapho i-redstart igama lakhe, uvame ukuhluka ngokuhlanganiswa kwemibala. Phakathi kwezinyoni ezijwayelekile zaseYurophu, yi-redstart emnyama kuphela (P. ochrurus) enomsila wombala ofanayo.

Iduna lihlukile ngokugqamile ngombala. Ehlobo, inekhanda le-slate-grey nengxenye engenhla, ngaphandle kwe-oblium nomsila, okufana nezinhlangothi, ama-underwings, nama-axillaries, ngombala we-orange-chestnut. Ibunzi limhlophe, ubuso ezinhlangothini nasemphinjeni kumnyama. Izimpiko nezimpaphe ezimbili zomsila ophakathi nendawo zinsundu, izimpaphe zomsila ezisele zibomvu ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-orange hue ezinhlangothini ijika icishe ibe mhlophe esiswini. Uqhwaku kanye nama-paws amnyama. Ekwindla, izimpaphe eziphaphathekile zifihla eceleni kwemiphetho yomzimba, zinikeze umbala umbala omfushane.

Abesifazane bapendwe ngobuhlakani. Ingaphezulu elingenhla linsundu. Ngaphansi komzimba kukhona i-beige ekhanyayo ngebele eliwolintshi eliwubala, kwesinye isikhathi elinamandla, elihlukanisa ngokusobala kusuka ku-grey kuya ku-chin grey omnyama namacala entamo. Uhlangothi olungezansi lokuqhathanisa ngokucacile nangaphansi kwe-orange. Izimpiko zinombala onsundu, njengakowesilisa, i-underside i-beige nge-tint ye-orange. Ngemibala, uswele umnyama futhi uslayidi, umphimbo wakhe mhlophe. Ngobudala, izinsikazi zingasondela kumbala wesilisa bese zihluka kakhulu.

Ihlala kuphi i-redstart?

Photo: Redstart in Russia

Ukusatshalaliswa kwale nhlobo yePalearctic yezinhlobo zasentshonalanga nephakathi nendawo kutholakala endaweni efudumele ye-Eurasia, kufaka phakathi indawo ezi-boreal, iMedithera kanye ne-steppe. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zendawo yokwakha izidleke kuboshwe izintaba. I-Redstart ayivamile enyakatho ye-Iberian peninsula, itholakala ikakhulu ezingxenyeni zayo eziseningizimu nasentshonalanga. Kunamacala wokuhlakazeka esidlekeni salezi zinyoni enyakatho ne-Afrika.

Eziqhingini zaseBrithani, lokhu kwenzeka empumalanga ekude ye-Ireland futhi akukhona eziqhingini zaseScotland. Endleleni eya empumalanga, uhla lufika eSiberia luze eLake Baikal. Abanye abantu abancane bangatholakala ngisho nasempumalanga yako. Enyakatho, ububanzi bufika eScandinavia buye kuma-71 ° enyakatho, kufaka neKola Peninsula, bese kuthi empumalanga iye eYenisei eRussia. e-Italy, izinhlobo azikho eSardinia naseCorsica. Indawo yokuhlala ihlakazeke impela eNhlonhlo yeBalkan futhi ifinyelela enyakatho yeGrisi.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-redstart akhuthele emaphethelweni aseningizimu nasenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama nasentshonalanga eseningizimu nentshonalanga yeCaucasus futhi acishe abe ngu-50 ° N ukudlula eKazakhstan kuya ezintabeni zaseSaur futhi ukuya empumalanga kuya eMongolia Altai. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kusatshalaliswa kusuka eCrimea nasempumalanga yeTurkey kuya eCaucasus kanye nasentabeni yeKopetdag nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iran kuya ePamirs, eningizimu kuya ezintabeni zaseZagros. Izidleke ezincane zaseSyria.

Ama-redstart ajwayelekile athanda amahlathi avuthiwe avuleke ngemisipha nangama-oki, ukusuka lapho ukubuka okuhle kwendawo enenamba ephansi yezihlahla nezihlahla ezingaphansi komhlaba kuyavuleka, ikakhulukazi lapho izihlahla zindala ngokwanele ukuba zibe nezimbobo ezilungele izidleke. Zincamela ukudla esidlekeni sehlathi.

EYurophu, kuhlanganisa namapaki nezingadi ezindala ezisezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Izidleke ezihlahleni zemvelo zezihlahla, ngakho izihlahla ezifile noma lezo ezinamagatsha omile ziwusizo kulolu hlobo. Imvamisa zisebenzisa amahlathi amakhulu evulekile we-coniffort, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yohlu lokuzalela.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Owesilisa Redstart

I-redstart imvamisa ihlala emagatsheni aphansi ezihlahla noma emithini emincane futhi yenza ukushukuma komsila okumangazayo. Ukuthola ukudla, le nyoni iya emhlabathini kancane noma ibambe izinambuzane ngenkathi indiza emoyeni. Ubusika enkabeni ye-Afrika ne-Arabia, eningizimu yehlane laseSahara, kodwa enyakatho ye-equator nokusuka empumalanga yeSenegal kuye eYemen. Izinyoni ziyafuduka ezindaweni eziseduze kwesimo sezulu se-savannah. Abafuduki ebusika abangavamile bayabonakala naseSahara noma eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izizinda zaseningizimu-mpumalanga zibusika ngaseningizimu yendawo yokuzalela, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, e-Ethiopia naseSudan empumalanga yeNile. I-Redstart ihamba kuqala ubusika. Ukufuduka kwenzeka kusukela maphakathi noJulayi futhi kugcina endaweni ethile ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Isikhathi esikhulu sokuhamba sisengxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti. Izinyoni ezihamba kwesikhathi zitholakala kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, kuyaqabukela ngoNovemba.

Ezindaweni ezizaliswayo, izinyoni zokuqala zifika ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, isikhathi sokuqala sokufika sisukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukuhamba okufudukayo kokuqala kabusha kuncike kokuphakelayo okutholakalayo. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, inqwaba yokudla yakhiwa amajikijolo. Ngemuva kokufika, abesilisa bacula cishe usuku lonke, kuphela ingoma yabo ayinasiphetho esiphelile. NgoJulayi, i-redstart ayisasebenzi.

Ukuhlanza kwenzeka ngoJulayi - Agasti. AmaRedstart akuzona izinyoni ezijabulisa abantu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, cishe ahlala eyedwa efuna ukudla. Ezindaweni lapho kuqongelelwa khona inyamazane, ngokwesibonelo, osebeni lwemifula, kukhona ukunqwabelana okungenakubalwa kwezinyoni, kepha noma kunjalo ibanga elide phakathi kwazo lihlala.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Phindisela izidleke emihumeni noma kunoma yikuphi okudingayo ezihlahleni, ezidlekeni ze-Woodpecker. Ingaphakathi akufanele libe mnyama ngokuphelele, kufanele likhanyiswe ngokukhanya okubuthakathaka, okunjengomnyango obanzi noma umgodi wesibili. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lusakazeka emihumeni engenalutho, njengofakwa emadwaleni amadwala, ezindaweni ezicijile kocingo. Izilimo zivame ukutholakala ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngabantu. Iningi lezidleke zitholakala ekuphakameni kwamamitha elilodwa kuya kwamahlanu. Uma ubumbeko lubekwe emhlabathini, khona-ke kufanele lube sendaweni evikelekile.

Redstart banamathela indlela monogamous kabusha. Abesilisa bafika ngaphambi kwesikhathi endaweni yokuzala bese beyofuna indawo yokukhosela efanelekayo yokwakheka esidlekeni. Isinqumo sokugcina senziwa ngowesifazane. Lesi sidleke sakhiwa cishe kuphela ngowesifazane, okuthatha kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-1.5 kuye kwezingu-8. Ubukhulu buvame ukunqunywa yivolumu ye-nesting patity.

Utshani, utshani, iminyuzi, amaqabunga noma izinaliti zikaphayini kusetshenziselwa ukubeka indawo yokwakha isidleke. Imvamisa kuba khona ama-admixtures amancane amanye, ama-coarser materials, anjengamagxolo, amahlumela amancane, ama-lichens noma umcamelo. Ububanzi besakhiwo busuka ku-60 kuye ku-65 mm, ukujula kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-48 mm. Okungaphakathi kuqukethe izinto ezifanayo nezisekelo, kepha kuncane futhi kufakwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Imbozwe izimpaphe, iminyene, izinwele zezilwane, noma into efana nale.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma izinhlansi zilahlekile, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokubuyiselwa okufika sekwephuzile kwehlwaya. Ukuqala kokuqala kokuqothuka kokuphela kokuphela kuka-Ephreli / ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, i-oviposition yokugcina yabonwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi.

I-Clutch iqukethe ama-3-9, amaqanda ayi-6 noma ama-7. Amaqanda kukhona okusaqanda, abe nombala ojulile oluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-14 futhi kuqala ngemuva nje kokuba iqanda lokugcina selibekwe. Ukuqathelwa kwamachwane kungathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, izinyoni ezincane ziqala ukundiza. Izinyoni ezincane zithuthela ngokushesha ezindaweni zasebusika lapho zihlala khona. Bakhula ngokobulili ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila.

Izitha zemvelo zeRedstart

Photo: Redstart bird

Umkhuba we-redstart ukufihla, umsiza ukuba aphile ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Konke ukwenza kwakhe kukhombisa ukuqaphela, ukufihla kanye nokukhohlisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalela, lapho ukuqwashisa nokubona kukhula. Le nyoni ihlala amahora amaningi endaweni ecashile phakathi kwamaqabunga esihlahla esincane noma ebumnyameni cishe obugcwele, ilungele ukuzivikela ngokushesha lapho ibona ingozi.

Ukulahleka kwamaqanda namachwane kuyinto encane, ngoba izidleke zivikelwe kahle futhi azinakufinyeleleka kubantu abazingelayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kusuka kuma-90% amaqanda aqandusayo ngempumelelo, aze afinyelela kuma-95% amachwane aqweqwayo ngokuzimela aphuma esidlekeni.

Ukuqothuka kweqanda kuthinteka ngu:

• ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yalawa macala ahlobene nokungenelela kwabantu.
• ezindaweni ezinezintaba, izikhathi ezibandayo zandisa kakhulu ukufa kwamachwane.
• okunye ukulahleka kubangelwa ama-ectoparasites kanye ne-cuckoo, evame ukubeka amaqanda esidlekeni se-redstart emnyama, ikakhulukazi esifundeni se-alpine.

Izinyamazane ezibaluleke kakhulu kwizinyoni ezindala yiSparrowhawk neBarn Owl. Lesi sakamuva sivimba ukuqalisa kabusha ekuphumuleni. Izikhova zifukamela amaqanda wazo ophahleni, ziphinde ziqale phansi ophahleni. Kuyamangaza ukuthi i-redstart, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, ezinjengezimnyama, ondlunkulu noma izintaka, akuvamile ukuba yizisulu zethrafikhi. Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokungaqondakali kwezinto ezihambayo, ezibalulekile ekuqaleni kabusha njengomzingeli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitha zokuvuselelwa kabusha yilezi: ikati, squirrel, magpie, uthando, indoda. Mayelana nesakhiwo seminyaka yobudala babantu, imininingwane yokubuka kanye nokubikezela kukhombisa ukuthi cishe isigamu sezinyoni ezibandakanya ukuya ocansini zizoba minyaka yonke. Amanye amaphesenti angama-40 - ukusuka onyakeni owodwa kuya kwemithathu, ngamaphesenti amathathu kuphela - iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu. Iminyaka yobudala eyaziwa ngokuthi i-redstart ephilayo eyiminyaka yobudala eyishumi eyedlule.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Redstart in Russia

Inani le-redstart lehle kakhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1980s. Phezu kokubhujiswa kwendawo ezindaweni ezifuywayo, izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu izinguquko ezinkulu ezindaweni zobusika bezinkukhu e-Afrika, njengokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezibulala-zinambuzane + izinambuzane nokwanda okukhulu kweSahel.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Abantu baseYurophu balinganiselwa ezigodini ezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye zokuzalela. Naphezu kokuncipha kwezindawo ezithile (iNgilandi, iFrance), iningi, inani labantu abase-Europe kabusha lenyuka. Kulokhu, izinhlobo zezilwane azihlukaniswa njengezisengozini futhi akukho zinyathelo ezaziwayo zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo.

Le nhlobo izosizakala ngokulondolozwa kwamahlathi amadala, anqumayo futhi axutshwe nezihlahla ezinkulu ezindaweni ezisedolobheni. Ezingeni lendawo, endaweni efanelekile, abantu bazohlomula ngokuhlinzekwa kwezindawo zokuhlala izidleke. Kunconywa ukuthi kugcinwe izingadi zendabuko ezinezihlahla ezinde nezindawo ezinezitshalo ezinotshani. Lezi zindlela kufanele zikhuthazwe ngezinhlelo zezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezincane zedlelo eliminyene kufanele zichekwe kuyo yonke inkathi yokuzalela ukuze kulondolozwe izindawo zokudla ezifanelekileyo.

Qalisa kabusha inobubanzi obukhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ayifinyeleli emkhawulweni wamanani ezinhlobo ezisengozini ngokuya ngenqubo yobukhulu bohla. Ukwanda okuphawuleka kwenani lalezi zinyoni kwaba ngasekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II emadolobheni abhujisiwe. Ukulahleka kwesikhashana kwabantu kunxephezelwe ezikhathini ezilandelayo ngenxa yokwanda kwezindawo ezakhiwe nezindawo zokuhlala.

Inyoni ejwayelekile

I-Red Redart yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu kulezi zinyoni. Babizwa nangokuthi i-red redartart noma i-grey-head (coot). Zitholakala endaweni enamahlathi yamazwe ase-Eurasia, kanye nengxenye esenyakatho nentshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika.

Izinambuzane zihamba phambili ekudleni, kepha ngesikhathi sekwindla nasebusika kufanele zidle amajikijolo ezitshalo ezikhula zasendle noma ezitshaliwe.

Izidleke zesifazane zombili ezisezingeni eliphansi futhi eziphakeme ngamamitha ayisishiyagalombili. Izimpaphe, amahlamvu, amahlumela zisebenza njengezinto zokwakha. Izindawo ezikhethekile kakhulu zobumbano besikhathi esizayo zikhethiwe: kusuka ku-crevice emithini yezihlahla kuya emakhaleni esisekelweni noma ezindongeni zezindlu zabantu.

Obomvu-kanye no-Siberian

Ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, i-red-beled redstart ijwayelekile. Zitholakala ezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi, eCaucasus, eBaikal. I-Ornithologists ifaka amaHimalaya, i-Afghanistan ne China ezindaweni abahlala kuzo. Izinyoni zase-Alpine nazo zihlala e-Altai.

Bathola igama labo ngenxa yenhlamvu ebomvu evele esiswini. Enye into ehlukanisayo ukutholakala kokuhlabelela. Ngisho kusuka kwabesilisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, awuzwa izindlebe ezikhukhula. Bathanda ukuhlala emahlathini nasezifuleni zezikhukhula zemifula, lapho kunamabhishi amaningi anamajikijolo asolwandle, ngoba lokhu kuyisisekelo sokudla kwawo.

Ukuqalwa kabusha kwaseSiberia kuvamile emahlathini aseMongolia, China, neRussia Federation. Futhi kuvame ukuhlala eduze kwamapulazi nezindlu zabantu. Bakha izidleke zabo kusuka emahhashini nasezinkomeni ezinqwaba zamatshe, emifantwini yamatshe. Noma zifihla indawo yokubeka amaqanda ezimpandeni zezihlahla. Ebusika, bathuthela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo.

Inyoni emnyama

I-Chernushka redstart ihlukile kwabanye abamele le nhlobo ngethambo elimnyama. Emqheleni wesihlahla angabonwa izimpaphe ezikhanyayo zomsila. Kusatshalaliswa e-Eurasia nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni.

Ngokwesakhiwo sazo, ziyafana nodlange lwendlu, kepha zincane futhi zihle kakhulu. Ngenkathi indiza yayo, ingakwazi ukulenga emoyeni, okuyinto efana nama-hummingbird. Zidla ezinambuzaneni, izibungu namajikijolo.

Isidleke sale nyoni sibukeka njengesitsha esinamanzi esinetrayidi elijulile. Izintokazi ziyakha kusuka kusiqu eside notshani obonakalayo. Ukuqeda ingaphakathi lisebenzise i-moss, i-lichens, izimpaphe, futhi phansi kufakwe u-izimpaphe.

Amanye amaphuzu ahehayo mayelana "nezibani ezinamaphiko"

Izazi zesayensi yezemvelo kanye nezazi zemvelo seziqoqe imininingwane eminingi ngale nyoni. Nawa amaqiniso ambalwa wokuqonda.

I-Twinkle bird yaba yiqhawe lezindaba nezinganekwane. Omunye wabo utshela ukuthi i-redstart yakwazi kanjani ukusindisa abantu endlaleni nasemakhazeni.

Abamele izinhlobo zezinto ezijwayelekile ezibomvu zibizwa ngokuthi i-coot ngenxa yombala omhlophe wezimpaphe ebunzini. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda semibala egqamile yesisu nomsila, kubonakala sengathi ikhanda lempandla ligquma ekhanda lenyoni.

Ngo-2015, ukuqalwa kabusha kwakuyinyoni yonyaka eRussia Federation, futhi eminyakeni emine edlule eSwitzerland.

AbakwaRedstart kubhekwe kufanelekile njengomunye wabamele abathandekayo be-Passeriformes ye-oda.Ngenxa yeplamu ekhanyayo nomsila oshukumayo ezithombeni, baba uphawu lokufudumala nethemba lokuhle. Izinyoni ziqothula izinambuzane zezilimo zezolimo, ezisiza abalimi ukugcina izilimo.

Uzosisiza kakhulu uma wabelana nge-athikili kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nokunye. Ngiyabonga ngalokho.

Bhalisela isiteshi sethu.

Funda izindaba ezingaphezulu kweZinyoni.

Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila

I-Redstart ejwayelekile ibhekisa ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni ezifudukayo: ichitha ihlobo e-Eurasia, futhi indizela e-Afrika noma eNhlonhlo yase-Arabia ebusika. Imvamisa, ukufuduka kwasekwindla kwalesi zinhlobo, kuya engxenyeni yobubanzi lapho kuhlala khona lezi nyoni, kuqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma engxenyeni yokuqala yekwindla bese kuba phakathi no-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Abakwa-Redstart babuyela ezweni lakubo ngo-Ephreli, kanti abesilisa bafika ezinsukwini eziningana ngaphambili kunabesifazane.

Lezi zinyoni ezikhanyayo, ikakhulukazi emigodini yezihlahla, kepha uma kungenzeki lokho, zakha izidleke kwezinye indawo yokuhlala yemvelo: emigodini nasezigxotsheni zeziqu noma ezigxotsheni, kanye nakufoloko emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-Redstart ayinakho ukukhetha kokuphakama kwesidleke: lezi zinyoni zingayakha zombili izisekelo zephansi nesiqu esiqwini noma emagatsheni esihlahla.

Imvamisa, owesimame oyedwa wenza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke: uwakha ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwawo kukhona amagxolo ezihlahla, iziqu ezomile zezitshalo ezi-herbaceous, amahlamvu, imicu yesikhumba, izinaliti nezimpaphe zezinyoni.

AbakwaRedstart baziwa ngokucula kwabo, okususelwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ezifanayo nemisindo eyenziwe ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, njenge-Finch, Starring, flycatcher.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

I-dimorphism yezocansi kule nhlobo iyabizwa: abesilisa bahluke kakhulu kwabesifazane ngombala. Empeleni, kubonga impela abesilisa ngokufaka umbala obomvu onsundu noma obomvana oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuthi le nyoni ibe negama, ngoba izintokazi ezinombala obomvu zidwetshiwe ngesizotha: ngemibala e-brownish yokukhanya nokuqina okukhulu. Kwezinhlobo ezithile zalolu hlobo kuphela lapho abesifazane banemibala ecishe ifane neyamaduna.

Kuyathakazelisa! Izinsikazi azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngombala okhanyayo: ngaphezulu zinombala onsundu, futhi isisu sazo kuphela nomsila okhanyayo, obomvu kerawuni.

Ngakho-ke, ngombhalo ojwayelekile owesilisa, emuva nekhanda kune-tint emnyama grey, isisu sidwetshiwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo, kanti nomsila ungowolintshi ogqamile, okhanyayo, okude ukuthi kube sengathi livutha njengelangabi. Ibunzi lenyoni lihlotshiswe indawo emhlophe ekhanyayo, umphimbo nentamo ezinhlangothini zimnyama. Ngenxa yale nhlanganisela ehlukile yemibala, iRedstart yesilisa ibonwa kude kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinyoni azinkulu ngosayizi.

Izinhlobo ze-redstart

Kunezinhlobo eziyi-14 zokuqala kabusha:

• I-Alashan Redstart
• I-Redback Redstart
• Grest-ikhanda elibomvu
• I-Blackstart redstart
• I-Redstart ejwayelekile
• Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwensimu
• I-red-strake emhlophe
• I-Redstart yaseSiberia
• I-Redstart emhlophe-emhlophe
• I-Red-belued Redstart
• I-Redstart ebhekene neblue
• Grey Redstart
• I-Luzon Water Redstart
• I-Redstart embozwe ngamehlo amhlophe

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezifakwe kuhlu ezingenhla, manje kwase kunezinhlobo ezingapheliyo zohlobo lwe-redstart, ezazihlala endaweni yeHungary yanamuhla esikhathini sePliocene.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Ububanzi bokuvuselelwa kabusha bufinyelela kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi, ikakhulukazi iRussia. Kuqala kusuka eGreat Britain futhi kuya yonke indlela eya eTransbaikalia naseYakutia. Lezi zinyoni zihlala e-Asia - ikakhulukazi eChina nasezintabeni ezisezintabeni zeHimalaya. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-redstart nazo zihlala eningizimu - kuya eNdiya nasePhilippines, kanti izinhlobo ezithile zitholakala nase-Afrika.

Iningi elibomvu kabusha lithanda ukuhlala endaweni eyihlathi, noma ngabe ihlathi elinomusa obanzi noma elinomswakama: elijwayelekile nelinezintaba. Kepha amathikithi we-coniferous, lezi zinyoni azizithandi futhi ziyazigwema. Imvamisa, i-redstart ingatholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ezingadini nasemapaki ashiywe, futhi futhi hhayi ekuweni kwehlathi, lapho kuneziqu eziningi. Kulapho izinyoni ezincane zithanda ukuhlala khona: phela, ezindaweni ezinjalo akunzima ukuthola indawo yokuhlala yemvelo uma kungenzeka isondele engozini, kanye nezinto zokwakha isidleke.

Ukudla kabusha iRedstart

I-Redstart ikakhulukazi inyoni engavikeleki. Kepha ekwindla, kuvame ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo: izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamajikijolo noma amajikijolo engadi, njengejwayelekile noma i-aronia, ama-currants, ama-elderberry.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-redstart ayideleli noma yiziphi izinambuzane futhi ehlobo ibhubhisa isibalo esikhulu sezilokazane, njengamabhungane ama-nutcracker, amabhungane amaqabunga, izimbungulu, amacimbi ahlukahlukene, umiyane nezimpukane. Kodwa-ke, izinambuzane ezinenzuzo ezinjengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, izicabucabu noma izintuthwane zingaba yisisulu sale nyoni.

Kodwa-ke, ukuqalisa kabusha kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, kubhubhisa izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zensimu nehlathi. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni zivame ukondliwa zombili izinambuzane eziphilayo nokudla okukhethekile kwe-surrogate.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Umndeni wakwaRedstart ufaka izinhlobo eziyi-13 zezinyoni, iningi lazo lihlala eChina, ezintabeni eziseHimalaya, e-European Plain, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esiphakathi neSiberia, engxenyeni encane ye-Asia.

I-Redstart isho izinhlobo ezinjalo zezinyoni, ezikhetha izindawo zokuhlala noma imijondolo yamahlathi, noma izindawo zezintaba. Ngokwesibonelo, redstart ejwayelekileogama lakhe lesibili i-coot lingumeleli ojwayelekile wobubanzi base-Europe. Futhi amahlathi aseSiberia aseSiberia afinyelela ezifundeni zasenyakatho ezakhiwe qala kabushaIsiSiberia.

I-Redstart, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yinsimu noma qala kabusha - inyoni evela emndenini wabathengi bezimpukane, iqembu londlunkulu. Ibizwa ngokuthi enye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ezihlala emapaki ethu, izingadi, amabala.

Isisindo somzimba wenyoni engeyona encane, asidluli i-20 g, ubude bomzimba ngaphandle komsila buyi-15 cm, amaphiko ngokudalulwa okugcwele afinyelela ku-25 cm. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-redstart ngumsila wayo omuhle, okuthi, ngaphandle kwehaba, ubonakale "ushisa" elangeni.

Esithombeni, qala kabusha

Kunzima ukuthi ungabuboni ubuhle obunjalo noma buqhelele kude, futhi lokhu, naphezu kokuthi ubukhulu be-pichuga abukhulu kunondlunkulu. Indiza isuka egatsheni iye egatsheni, i-redstart imvama ukwembula umsila wayo, futhi sengathi ukukhanya kwelanga, ivutha amalangabi akhanyayo.

Njengezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, owesilisa umi ngombala ogcwele kakhulu wezinsini. Izimpaphe zomsila zibomvu okomlilo ngombala omnyama.

Owesifazane upende ngamathoni athulisiwe wombala we-olive nge-admixube ka-grey, kanti ingxenye engezansi nomsila zibomvu. Kuyiqiniso, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokuphinda zenziwe emsileni ezinamachashaza amnyama. Lesi isibonakaliso esihlukile. redstart blackie kanye nomuntu esihamba naye - iSiberia.

I-blackhorn enesithombe

Ngendlela, ama-ornithologists abiza ngobukhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo ezichaziwe ze-redstart. i-red-beled redartart. Owesilisa, njengenjwayelo, unombala ogqamile kunowesifazane.

Inomqhele kanye nomphetho wangaphandle wephiko elimhlophe, emuva, nengxenye yesigaxa, intamo emnyama, nomsila, isibonda, isisu nengxenye yeplamu engezansi komsila kupende obomvu ngokuthinta nokugqwala. Kulolu hlobo lwe-redstart, umuntu angacabanga kahle nge-gamut ephelele yombala we-plumage.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Yize inyoni yaseSiberia ingummeleli ojwayelekile wamahlathi e-taiga, igwema izihlahla ezixakile ze-coniffort. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, le nhlobo itholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, emapaki nasezivandeni ezilahliwe, ezigcawini, lapho kuneziqu eziningi. Njengokujwayelekile, inyoni ithanda ukuhlala emigodini yokufakelwa eduze nalapho kuhlala khona abantu.

Izithombe iSiberian Redstart

Ukuqala kabusha ukucula Ifanelwe izibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle. Izibiliboco zakhe ziwumculo wokhiye ophakathi, onamahloni, ohlukahlukene kakhulu, omisiwe. Umsindo uqala ngo-high-chil-chil - no- "bese uya kwi-hilchir-chir-chir" egoqekayo.

Lalela ukuhlabelela kokuqala kabusha

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho kuculwa i-redstart, ungabamba izingidi zezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Isibonelo, ukulalelwa okucolisisiwe kuzokwazi ukuzwa umculo omnandi wenkanyezi, i-zaryanki, kanti abanye bazobona ukuthi lo mculo uvumelana nokucula kwe-tit, Finch, fc flycatcher.

AbakwaRedstart bathande ukucula ngaso sonke isikhathi ngisho nasebusuku i-taiga igcwele amathoni athule alezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zemvelo. Ukuningi okuningana ngezingoma zeRedstart: ama-ornithologists aqaphele ukuthi owesilisa ekuqaleni kwesizini yokuzala, ngemuva kokuphela kwekhonsathi enkulu, ushicilela i-roulade emfishane, engabizwa ngokuthi ikholeji.

Ngakho-ke, le ngoma ihlangene nomugqa oyingqayizivele womsindo ogcwaliswe ngamazwi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni, kanti umuntu osemdala oyidlalayo, uyithinta ngokwengeziwe ingoma yakhe futhi unekhono kakhulu lokusebenza.

I-Redstart Nutrition

Ukudla kwe-redstart kuncike kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala. Idla ikakhulu izinambuzane. Akazideleli zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, azithathe emhlabathini, azisuse emagatsheni, futhi afune amaqabunga awileyo.

Ngokuqala kwekwindla, ukudla kwe-redstart kuyagcwala, futhi bangakwazi ukuluma amajikijolo amahlathi noma engadini, njenge-ash ash evamile, i-viburnum, i-currant, i-elderberry, i-aronia nabanye.

Lapho okuphakelayo kuphela, okuvame ukwenzeka maphakathi nekwindla, abomvu babuthana ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika eshisayo. Indiza yalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni yenziwa ebusuku.

Phinda uqalise ukubuyela ezindaweni zabo zomdabu noma ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avuleke. Lapho nje izinyoni zifika ezingxenyeni ezidlekayo, owesilisa ngokushesha uqala ukubheka indawo yesidleke. Njengoba sekushiwo, izidleke zezinyoni zihlelwe ngembobo yokubukeka kwemvelo noma yokwenziwa.

Izimbobo zeWoodpecker ziyindawo efanelekayo yokwakha isidleke, kepha isiphunzi sesihlahla, esinendawo ecashile eseceleni komhlabathi uqobo, siyakufanelekela lokhu. Ama-pichugs awesabi ukuhlala eduze komuntu, ngakho-ke izidleke zawo zitholakala kuma-attic, ngemuva kwamafreyimu wewindi nezinye izindawo ezivalekile ezakhiweni lapho kuhlala khona abantu.

Owesilisa, ngaphambi kokufika kowesifazane, uqapha ngokwanele indawo ayitholile futhi axoshe izihambeli ezingenamusa kuye.