I-Discus | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I-Haeckel Discus | |||||||
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Inhlanzi yeBony |
Subfamily: | Cichlasomatinae |
Ubulili: | I-Discus |
I-Symphysodon Heckel, 1840
I-Discus (lat. Symphysodon) - uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezi-cichlid, zisakazekile e-Amazon. Zibonakaliswa ngumzimba oyindilinga, obambeke kamuva, ngombala kunephethini yemivimbo eyisishiyagalolunye emile. Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zifinyelela ku-20 cm ubude. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwanga.
Umnotho
Okwamanje kunezinketho eziningi zama-systematics ama-subspecies wemvelo we-discus.
Kusukela ngo-1904, kuye kwavela uhlobo oluthile lokuthengiswa kwama-cichlid I-Symphysodon discusukuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwezimpawu ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi njengezindawo ezingaphansi:
- I-Haeckel discus Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
Ngo-1960, uchthyologist waseMelika uLeonard Schulz washicilela kuTropic Fish Hobbyist imiphumela yokuvuselelwa kwakhe lo Uhlobo. Le ncwadi, lapho i-Symphysodon aequifasciata ihlukaniswe yifomu elizimele futhi ichaza izikhombisi zayo ezimbili ezintsha, yayinokungalungi okuningi nokuphikisana, uhlelo oluhlongozwayo lwezinhlobo ezine lwalusetshenziswa ngokuqinile ngaleso sikhathi.
- I-Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
- I-Heckel discus S. discus discus Heckel, 1840
- I-Equus Discus Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin, 1904
- i-green discus S. aequifasciata aequifasciata Pelegrin, 1904
- brown discus S. aequifasciata axelrodi Shultz, 1960
- i-blue discus S. aequifasciata haraldi Shultz, 1960
Ekubukezeni okwalandela komnotho okwenziwe yiSven Kullander, ukwahlukaniswa kwezinhlangano kwenziwa kwaqedwa. Incwadi yakhe, i-Cyclic Fish ye-Peruvian Amazon, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1986, yashintsha kakhulu izinto eziningi emnothweni wama-cichlid aseNingizimu Melika, kufaka phakathi i-genus Symphysodon. Ezindabeni zakhe nezamuva, uCullander waqaphela izinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela njengezisebenzayo: ISymphysodon discus Heckel, 1840 ne-Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904, futhi wazithatha zonke ezinye izincazelo njengegama elifanayo elifanayo.
UHeiko Bleer, kwisithombe sakhe esithi "Discus of Bleer," waqaphela ukuthi uhlelo lwezinhlobo ezihlukaniswe kabili lwatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili kanye nezinkampani ezintathu ezathathwa kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1960 njengezisasebenzi, kanye nesichazamazwi esinikezwe uKullander (1986). I-Bleer yahlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo lwe-Symphysodon: I-Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840, Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904, Symphysodon haraldi Schultz, 1960.
Ngo-2006, ososayensi baseSweden bahlongoza ukuthi kube nentela yezinhlobo ezintathu:
- I-Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
- I-Heckel discus S. discus discus Heckel, 1840
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin, 1904
- I-Equal-disk discus S. aequifasciata aequifasciata Pelegrin, 1904
- S. tanzoo Lyons, 1959
- i-discus disc ebonakalayo eluhlaza okotshani S. t. tanzoo Lyons, 1959
I-Biotope
Ama-biotope ase-Amazon basin enza izinguquko ezinkulu unyaka wonke. Lapho kuqala inkathi yemvula ngoDisemba, i-Amazon iyachitheka. Izikhukhula ezishisayo namanzi ancibilikile aqhamuka ezindaweni eziphakemeyo ziphakamisa izinga lamanzi echibini lomfula. Amanzi asezinkingeni eziningi ngalesi sikhathi aguqula indlela eya manje kuya ngaphesheya, kuze kufike lapho umfula ugeleza khona endaweni yezindawo ezinkulu. Ezitofini ezinamanzi acwebile, ezikhukhula ziletha udaka lwamanzi anodaka. Ihlathi elinezikhukhula elizungeze iAmazon liphenduka isibhuku esisodwa esigeleza kancane. NgoMeyi, izimvula ezinamandla ziyema. Amanzi emifula ayayeka ukungena emanzini wehlathi elinezikhukhula futhi kancane kancane aba sobala. Kusukela ngoJulayi, izinyanga eziningana, izinga lamanzi lehlisiwe kakhulu. Izindawo eziningi ezihlala zodwa kanye nemifudlana emincane kuvela lapho amanzi ethola khona ubumsulwa kanye nombala omnyama obonakalayo. Amapharamitha wamanzi kulezi zindawo zokugcina angafinyelela amanani anciphayo wokuthambisa, ukuntuleka kokusebenza kukagesi nokuqina. Ngokusho kukaH. Bleher, i-discus ihlala emanzini "amnyama" phakathi kwezihlahlana zezihlahla ezisogwini, lapho phansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi embozwe ungqimba lwamaqabunga abolile. Amanzi athambile impela futhi acwebile impela. Izimpande zezimila zasogwini zingaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esiningi sonyaka futhi zisebenza njengendawo yokukhosela nengaphansi komhlaba wokuqhuma. Ngokuncipha kwezinga lamanzi, inhlanzi ishiya indawo yokukhosela bese iya ekujuleni, enkabeni yamachibi.
Izinhlanzi ze-Discus azitholakali emifuleni emikhulu futhi akuvamile ukutholakala ezindaweni zemifudlana egcwele, zanda imikhosi eminingi emincane nemifudlana. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba okunzima kwabantu abangabodwa kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezimpawu zobuntu (ngokuyinhloko ukufakwa umbala) ngisho nakumaqembu amancane aqhelelene. Abantu abanjalo bendawo bangaba amakhulu amaningana abantu, okubonisa izimpawu zokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ezifundwayo.
Emvelweni, isisekelo sokudla kwe-discus yizibungu zezinambuzane kanye ne-shrimp yamanzi amasha.
Ukulima kwezinhlanzi ze-Aquarium
Izinhlanzi ze-Discus zithandwa ekufuyeni izinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ziphakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu ze-aquarium. I-Discus yavela eYurophu ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi yanda phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini zaseYurophu kusukela ngo-1921. Okokuqala nje, inzalo yatholakala kuthunjiwe, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene eJalimane kusuka ngo-1933-1936. E-aquarium yama-amateur, ehlukanisa ngo-1956 e-GDR.
E-USSR, i-discus yaqala ukwenziwa ngo-1957, kepha ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa imibandela efanele yokuboshwa. Izinhlanzi zangeniswa kabusha e-USSR ngo-1962 futhi zaphawulwa e-Estonia.
Phakathi kwezinye izinhlanzi ze-aquarium ezithunyelwa zivela eBrazil ngobuningi, ingxenye enkulu imelwa yinhlanzi ye-discus. Yize abantu abasuka emvelweni bengayithandi i-aquarium yase-amateur, ngenxa yobubi nokuziphatha kwabo okungashintshiwe nezimo zasemanzini, "amasoseji" afuneka yinethiwekhi ephelele yamapulazi ase-aquarium, lapho asetshenziselwa ukugcina inani labantu abagcwele ngofuzo.
Njengamanje, ukuthandwa kwe-discus kugqugquzelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindlela zokuzalela emakethe, ezihluka ngesimo somzimba, ukwakheka komzimba kanye nombala. Izinhlobo nzalo ezaziwayo:
- Idayimane eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- I-disc-white discus
- I-disc discus ebomvu
- Usilika obomvu
- Idayimane elibomvu
- Igazi le-pigeon
- Isiporho
- UGolide
- Luhlaza okotshani
Izimo ze-Aquarium
Izinhlanzi zizwela ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi e-aquarium kanye nosayizi we-aquarium. Kunconywe ama-Aquariums anomthamo wamalitha angama-200 kanye nokufakwa amanzi njalo ngeviki kwama-30%. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqina kokuphendula kwamanzi okusebenzayo kwe-pH: ukuguquguquka kwesimo ngokuzumayo kungadala ukulimala okungalingani empilweni yezinhlanzi. Ukukhanya kwe-Aquarium kulinganiselwe ngezindawo ezinomthunzi. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi 28-32 ° C.
Ukuzala
Ngesikhathi somlando wokugcina i-discus ezindaweni zasemanzini, ukuzalaniswa kwabo kwakubhekwa njengokufinyeleleka okuphezulu kakhulu kwezolimo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Isipiliyoni esitholwe kuze kube manje sokuzalela i-discus discs njengobunzima obukhulu ekukhetheni i-pair enhle yabakhiqizi. Njengomthetho, ukuthola inzalo ngababili abasunguliwe akunzima.
Izinkinga zokwakha umbhangqwana omuhle zingabonakala ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuzala:
- lo mbhangqwana usungule, kepha abalingani ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo abaqali ukulungiselela i-substrate kanye ne-Spawning
- bobabili sebakhe, kepha omunye wabalingani unolaka kakhulu noma akanandaba
- bobabili bakha, bakhetha umugqa ongaphansi, wabeka amaqanda, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho bobabili abalingani baphelelwa ngumdla kubumbano
- lo mbhangqwana usuqedile, wakhetha umugqa ongaphansi, wabeka amaqanda, omunye wabalingani unolaka komunye
- bobabili bakha, bakhetha isigaxa esingaphansi, sabeka amaqanda, ngesikhathi sokuqomisana kokuhlangana, bobabili noma omunye wabalingani badla amaqanda kancane kancane. Le nkinga ingabangelwa ukuba khona kwezinye izakhamuzi ezicasulayo e-aquarium.
Kuhlu olungenhla, yizinkinga ezimbili zokuqala kuphela okunzima ukuzixazulula ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe, ukukhethwa kwezimo nezinkomba zamanzi. Ucwaningo lwanamuhla lwe-aquarium luhlinzeka ngezindlela zokulondolozela ubumbano ngokuhlukanisa abakhiqizi ngokuzinakekela okulandelayo kwefry noma ngokubeka igridi ngaphezu kwesiqalo esivumela ukuhamba kwamanzi kwamahhala ngaphezu kwamaqanda futhi ngasikhathi sinye kuvimbele ukubhujiswa kwamaqanda ngabakhiqizi.
Imizamo yokuqala yokuzalanisa idiski yayihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa abazali namaqanda abo, okuyiphutha lelo, ngoba okokuqala lapho othosi badla ama-prolactin afakwa ngabazali babo, ama-secretocyte (amaseli akhethekile) njengomthombo wokuqala womsoco (hhayi umucu wemizimba yabazali).
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngesikhathi sokuzalela kufanele libe ngu-30- 32, kuma-degree angama-26 amaqanda empeleni awabeki, kanti abakhiqizi baphonsa ubumbano.
Okwezinye izinkomba i-discus ayifuni. Ubulukhuni obukhulayo bamanzi kunciphisa ukuzala kwamaqanda, ngenxa yalokho, amanzi athambile anconyelwe i-discus ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Njengokunwebeka, ungasebenzisa i-aquarium ehlukile enomthamo wamalitha ayi-100, ngaphandle kwenhlabathi nezitshalo. Izimbiza zezimbali ze-Ceramic noma izigaxa ezikhethekile ze-ceramic zifanelwe kahle njenge-substrate. Izinhlanzi zingaphinde zikhethe izinto ezingafaneleki ezimbalwa: i-heater ebekwe ngokuthe nkqo noma udonga lwesihlungi sangaphakathi. Ngokuphathelene nokukhetha kwabo, lo mbhangqwana ungakhombisa ukungapheli kwenkani.
Amanzi avuthayo athathelwa indawo njengenjwayelo.
Ukuvumelana
Izinhlanzi ze-Discus azinalo ulaka futhi azibeki usongo kwabanye abahlali base-aquarium. Inkinga yokuhambisana kungenzeka ukuthi i-discus iyi-thermophilic kakhulu kunezinhlanzi ezaziwa kakhulu ze-aquarium. Uma inhloso ye-aquarist ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokugcina i-discus, i-aquarium ehlukile ehloselwe kuphela i-discus iyathandeka. Ngokuphikisana nokufana okuchaziweyo kuma-scalars, i-discus idikibala ukusondela kwalokhu okugcina. Umlingisi obukhali futhi omningi wama-scalars awavumeli ukubanikeza ukuthi balondolozwe ngokuhlangene ne-discus.
Izici ze-fish discus
Nikeza izinhlanzi whimsical impela, futhi nokugcinwa kwayo kudinga izimo ezithile eziqinile. Okokuqala, uma uthenga lezi zinhlanzi, udinga ukubanikeza i-acclimatization elula endaweni entsha. Njengoba izinhlanzi ziya esikoleni, khona-ke ukuzithenga kuyafaneleka izicucu ezimbalwa. Kepha ngisho nokugcinwa kwazo zonke izimo akuqinisekisi ukulungiswa okungenazinkinga kwe-discus ekhaya elisha - izinhlanzi azimelani ngokuphelele nengcindezi.
Esithombeni, inhlanzi yengwe ye-discus
Enye yezimfuneko eziphambili ku- okuqukethwe kwe-discus iyi-aquarium enkulu yevolumu. Njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zikhulu impela, futhi zizingene ngamaqembu abantu abayisithupha, khona-ke kufanele zibe nendawo eyanele - kusuka kumalitha angama-250 amanzi. Ukuphakama kwe-aquarium kufanele okungenani kube ngu-50 cm nobubanzi okungenani abangama-40 cm.
Ama-aquarium wesikrini se-Narrow ngeke asebenze, njengoba discus yabantu abadala abakwazi nje ukujika ngokujwayelekile. Ngokuqondene nezidingo zamanzi uqobo, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi avela empompini yakho, akuyeke ukuma amahora angama-48 ukuhambisa chlorine yamahhala.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi selokhu kwaba njalo discus emvelweni phila emanzini athambile, khona-ke i-aquarium kufanele ifane. Kepha, okokuqala, lokhu kudala ubunzima obuthile ngokufakwa esikhundleni, ngoba udinga ukufaka okungenani amanzi angama-30% ngeviki elihlanzekile, kanti okwesibili, amanzi alukhuni aphephe kakhulu - izidalwa ezinobungozi be-discus ngeke ziphile kulo.
Ku-discus yedayimane
Kepha izinhlanzi ngokwazo zizizwa zilungile ku-pH engaphezu kuka-8.0. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukukhuthaza izinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini anjalo ukuba zizalele, zenze amanzi athambeke futhi zidale ezinye izimo ezidingekayo. Ngokuqondene nokushisa kwamanzi, kufanele okungenani kube ngu-29 ° C.
Enye futhi Isimo se-discus esibalulekile - Ukuhlanzeka kwe-aquarium. Kusukela ekugcinweni kwalesi paramende, kulandela ezinye izidingo eziningi: ukwaliwa kwezitshalo ezihlala e-aquarium, okuqhubekayo (mhlawumbe ngemuva kokuphaka ngakunye) ukuhlanzwa kwenhlabathi noma ukwenqatshwa, ukufakwa kwesihlungi esihle samanzi.
Isici esibalulekile kulondolozo oluphumelelayo lwe-discus kuzoba ukuthi uqinisekise ukuhlala ungathuli, ungalimazi i-psyche ebuthakathaka yalezi zinhlanzi ngemisindo enkulu, ukungqongqoza, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubeka i-aquarium endaweni ethule engenalutho, lapho kunokukhanya okwanele okukhona, kepha akukho ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanya.
Ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, i-discus izohlala izizwa ingathandeki. Ngaphansi kwe-aquarium kufanele futhi kube mnyama. Njengomhlobiso, ungasebenzisa ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-plastiki Driftwood, amagatsha, izitshalo. Izihlahla zediski zithanda ukucasha ezindaweni zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene, ukuma ngaphansi kwamagatsha ezihlahla.
I-Discus fish feed
Ungazondla lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle ngezinhlobo eziningana zokudla: inhlanganisela eyomile, ingxube eqandisiwe, ukudla okubukhoma. Uma ukhetha izingxube ezingezona, udinga ukunaka kuphela okuqukethwe ngamaprotheni kuzo, kufanele okungenani kube yi-45%.
Iningi labanikazi be-discus bakhetha ukupheka ukudla kwabo besebenzisa izindlela zabo ezifakazelwe. Imvamisa, inyama yenyama yenhliziyo isetshenziswa njengesisekelo (kunenani elincane lamafutha), okuthi uma lifiswa, futhi uma kunesidingo, ungaxuba i-shrimp, imbaza, inhlanzi, amavithamini nemithi.
Ngokudla okubukhoma kufanele uqaphele kakhulu futhi uqaphele, ngoba kulula ukuletha izinambuzane emanzini ngayo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukuzethemba kumphakeli wokudla okunjalo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho uzihlanze ngokwakho. Noma kunzima, kulula kunakuqala phatha i-discus. Noma yikuphi ukudla kufanele kube okuthambile, njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zingazi ukuthi zingachoboza kanjani izinhlayiya eziqinile.
Ukuzala futhi Isikhala Sokuphila se-Discus
Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zihlukaniswe ngababili, kanti insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-200 kuya kwangama-200 eshidini elifanele. Ukuze ukhiqizwe kabusha uthule, kungcono ukutshala umbhangqwana e-aquarium ehlukile lapho udinga ukudala khona indawo efanelekile: u-acidize amanzi, uwathambise futhi ukhuphule izinga lokushisa libe ngu-31-32С⁰. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, amaqanda ngeke aqandeke, futhi abazali bazoyiphonsa i-clutch.
Ngemuva kwamahora angama-60, gazinga iqala ukuqhekeka, okuzokondla imfihlo yesikhumba sabazali bayo ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-5. Okulandelayo, izingane zidinga ukutshala futhi zondle amaqanda nge-yolk ne-artemia, zibheka zonke ezinye izimo zokuboshwa, njengenhlanzi yabantu abadala.
Naphezu kobunzima bokuqukethwe, i-discus iphumelele ngokuqinile indawo ezinhliziyweni zama-amateurs nabachwepheshe bezazi zasemanzini. Intengo yediski kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1000 nangaphezulu, kuya ngesitolo, umbala kanye nobudala bezinhlanzi.
Izici zangaphandle
I-Discus ingemndeni we-cichlid. Kepha bahluke kakhulu emcabangweni wama-cichlids, okuyiwo iningi lalabo abaziyo. AmaCichlid anolaka, abazingeli bendawo. I-Discus ayinabo ubutha noma isifiso sokuvikela indawo yayo ekuvinjelweni abanye.
Ukubukeka okuhle kwe-diskus kungumzimba omkhulu othotshwe kamuva, okuthi, kanye namaphiko kufane nediski. Ngakho-ke, ngendlela, negama. Umlomo wezinhlanzi mncane, amehlo acijile, amnyama futhi ayindilinga. Ama-dorsal ne-anal fins afana ngesimo, awanayo inqubo, imisebe ephakeme neveli. Umsila nawo unesizotha. Ubukhulu buncike kakhulu ekuzalweni kwezinhlanzi, kanye nangezimo zokuboshwa.
Namuhla, ukuhlukaniswa okuningana kwalezi zinhlanzi kuncishiselwa emaqenjini ambalwa ezinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama amaqembu awahlali akhombisa ukubukeka.
- I-Haeckel Diskus - evame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemanzini, ihlala emvelweni. Umbala - hhayi obomvu impela, njengoba ungaphakamisa. Umthunzi womzimba uhlala ubomvu. Amanoni anokuchichima okuthe xaxa. Kuwo wonke umzimba, kunemivimbo eminingi ebomvu emnyama elula ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni futhi inamajamo angajwayelekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (imvelo ethule, izinga lokushisa elifanele) imivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo imnyama ivela emzimbeni, maphakathi nayo ibanzi kakhulu (inani lincike ngosayizi wenhlanzi, imvamisa i-6-7). Inhlanzi ikhula ibe ngu-7 cm cm ububanzi. Ekukhanyiseni okuhle okukhanyayo ngemithunzi ebomvu neblue.
- I-Cobalt - imivimbo kanye namabala angajwayelekile emzimbeni walezi zinhlobo zamaphethini ezinhlokheni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphesheya komzimba oyindilinga, imivimbo emnyama ebanzi nayo ingavela.
- I-Turquoise (Discus Turkis) - izithunzi zomzimba eziphambili ze-turquoise nohlaza. Izikhala nemivimbo nazo ziningi.
- Igazi le-pigeon lolo hlobo olukhulukazi lwe-discus, umbala oyinhloko womzimba ulu-orange-golide, kepha kukhona i-hue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eyenza izinhlanzi zibukeke ziluhlaza kweminye imithambo. Kukhona amabala nemivimbo embalwa, kepha imitheshwana emnyama egqamile ibonakala kahle. Amaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlanganiswe namnyama.
- Igolide - amathunzi ukusuka ephuzi elikhanyayo kuya kwegolide. Abamele ababiza kakhulu abanayo imivimbo noma amabala.
Ngokuvamile, umbala we-discus kunzima ukuwuchaza ngamagama ambalwa, ngakho-ke u-multifaceted. Ngakho-ke, bayaziswa phakathi kwama-aquarists - muhle kakhulu.
Uhlangana nobani?
Ama-disco, okuqukethwe kwawo okuvele kuthembisa inkathazo enkulu, e-aquarium nezinye izinhlanzi kuzoletha izinkinga ezengeziwe. Futhi isizathu salokhu akukhona nje kuphela ukuntuleka kwesikhala ngenxa yobukhulu bama-cichlids.
I-Discis ngemvelo yayo inokuthula, inobungane futhi akuyona ukungqubuzana. Isizungu asibekezeleleki kabi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuziqala ngeqembu labantu abayisithupha.
Lezi zinhlanzi zokuzilibazisa nezizolile zinenqwaba yezici eziphoqa ama-solarists ukuba azihlukanise. Okokuqala, kufudumele kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamanzi. Okwesibili, i-discus ithambekele ezifweni ezingadala omakhelwane abangafuneki. Uma unqume ngokuqinile ukufaka umuntu othile kubo, khona-ke ukukhetha ukuma ohlangothini lwe-Clown, iCongo, i-tetra ebomvu enamehlo, i-neon ebomvu nezinhlobo eziningana ze-catfish.
Le yinhlanzi engenasici kakhulu ekunakekelweni nasekunakekelweni, ifuna ngaphezu kwakho konke ngamapharamitha wamanzi. Endaweni yesibili umthamo we-aquarium nomakhelwane. Ngokufanelekile, i-discus itholakala ku-aquarium eyi-monovid. Bambalwa abamele umhlaba we-aquarium ongabekezelela kalula izinga lokushisa lamanzi eliphakeme futhi baphile isikhathi eside.
- Umthamo we-aquarium usukela kumalitha ayi-150 ngombhangqwana ngamunye. Lokhu-ke kunokuphikisana, ngoba i-discus ibukeka kahle hhayi ngababili, kodwa emhlambini wezingcezu ezingama-6-8. Kubantu abayisithupha, udinga i-aquarium evela kumalitha angama-300, enezindonga eziphakeme, futhi ebanzi ngokwanele.
- Ukushisa kwe-30-32 ° C - lokhu kufudumele kakhulu kwamanzi, kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinkomba ezijwayelekile ze-aquarium.
- Ukuqina kungu-10-15, ukuthathwa kususwe kuncane (isilinganiso samapharamitha ngokuvamile sisuka ku-5 kuye ku-20), futhi lesi sikhombisi kuzodingeka sibhekwe njalo, sigweme ukweqa
- I-Acidity - 5.5-7.5
- Izinguquko eziguqukayo zamanzi masonto onke (ikota yevolumu), idinga ihlanzekile futhi isha
- Azikho izidingo zombala nokwakheka kwenhlabathi - i-discus ayinawo umkhuba wokuphinda uyihlobise futhi ibambe izitshalo. Into esemqoka ukuthi inhlabathi kufanele ihlanzeke, ihlanza ngokusetshenziswa kwe-siphon - isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki.
- Njengoba i-aquarium inkulu, kufanele ifakwe ngohlelo lokuhlunga lwangaphandle. Isihlungi sangaphandle kufanele sihlanzwe ngokuya ngezidingo zomenzi; okuqukethwe okubhalwe kuma-cartridge we-lemifanekiso kumele kuguqulwe njalo.
- Izitshalo eziphilayo zinomphumela omuhle esimweni se-discus, kepha azidingeki (kusenzima ukukhulisa okuthile emanzini afudumele kanjalo). Uma ukukhetha kwehlela ezitshalweni zokufakelwa, kungcono ukhethe ezithambile ukuze ukugcizelela kuhlale ezinhlanzini.
- Isincomo esifanayo sokukhetha isendlalelo: isizinda esimnyama sigcizelela kangcono ubuhle benhlanzi kunalesi sikhanyayo. Izinhlanzi nazo azinandaba nokuhlobisa, ungakha i-aquarium ngesitayela nasekuthandweni kwakho.
- Ukukhanya kunesilinganiso, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izibani ezikhethekile ukwenza umbala ucwebezelwe ngisho nangokhanya. I-discus ngokwayo ayifuni ukukhanyisa.
Ngokuyinhloko, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi. Imodi yokushisa isethwe kusetshenziswa ihektha, isihlungi esikhethwe kahle ne-compressor sizowenza kahle umsebenzi wabo. Into esemqoka edingekayo evela kumnikazi ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa kwamanzi.
Ngabe nihamba kanjani?
I-Discus inokuthula futhi inobungane kwezinye izinhlanzi. Akuzona izitha ezinolaka futhi azibhubi inhlabathi. Isizungu asibekezeleleki kahle, uncamela ukuhlala emaqenjini ezincezu ezi-6.
Lama-cichlid adla ngokuzilibazisa, ahlala emanzini afudumele ngokweqile abanye futhi athambekele kakhulu ezifweni. Lezi zinto zidala izinkinga ezithile ekukhetheni komakhelwane. Kungcono ukuzigcina endaweni eyi-aquarium enezinhlobo z discus kuphela. Kepha uma ukhetha omakhelwane, khona-ke ebaluleke kakhulu izinhlanzi ezinokungcebeleka ezinokuthula ezingaphila emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, njengama-scalars, ama-ramistrez apistograms, ama-tetras aphakathi nendawo kanye ne-catfish eyodwa.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi uqukathe izifififithi ezahlukahlukene, njenge-neon ne-zebrafish ene-discus, kepha kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kwangaphambilini, emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, imetabolism iyasheshiswa, ngakhoke isikhathi sokuphila siyancishiswa.
Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuncela i-catfish ku-discus catfish, njengokungathi ayondli ngokwanele, ingaqala ukunamathela ezinhlangothini ezibanzi zalezi zinhlanzi ezihamba kancane, zizesabise futhi zibangele ukulimala okungathi sína. Uma i-catfish isijwayele ukuhlasela i-discus, khona-ke njengomakhelwane ayisafaneleki ngabo, ngakho-ke kufanele uyihambise kwinhlanzi ezihambayo.
I-Disc Melon Red.
Ukondla
Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko komnikazi ukugcina nokuthuthukisa umbala. Uma usuthisa inhlanzi ngokudla okujwayelekile, kuzonyamalala futhi kuphele konke ukunethezeka kwayo. Njengamanje, kukhona okuningi okuphakelayo okwomile okwenzelwe ngqo ukugcina umbala. Ziqukethe imibala, kanye nendlela - ukulandelela izinto namavithamini ngempilo yezinhlanzi.
Njengoba i-discus isisidlanzana, akanandaba nokudla ukudla okwenziwe iqhwa. Kuyahlekisa ukubuka ukuthi i-discus yokuzilibazisa iqala kanjani ukubhukuda ngokuhlanzekile kwama-bloodworms noma izingcezu ze-shrimp. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukunikeza ukukhetha kokudla okuomile. Zilinganisela ngokwengeziwe futhi zingcolisa amanzi. Ukudla okufakiwe nezithasiselo kungashiywa kusimo se-goodies nokushintshiwe ekudleni.
Ngabe idlani i-discus?
Photo: Discus emvelweni
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-discus ezilwaneni zasendle kuqukethe:
- izitshalo zezimbali, imbewu namaqabunga. Izithelo zezitshalo. (bakha cishe i-45% yokudla okuphelele kwezinhlanzi)
- ama-invertebrates ahlala emanzini (cishe u-6% wokudla),
- Izibungu ze-Chironimidae,
- ama-arthropods ahlukahlukene, izicabucabu ezincane kakhulu ezihlala emhlabeni nasezinkuni.
Ngesikhathi sesomiso lapho kungekho ukufinyelela kwezitshalo nama-arthropods.
Ukudla kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi kubukeka kanjena:
- isisekelo sokudla siyi-detritus (udaba lwe-organic oluqukethe izinsalela zezinhlwathi eziningi, amathambo abolile nezinhlayiya zezitshalo. Kanye nokuqhekeka kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene ezilengiswe emanzini ngesimo sezinhlayiya noma zizinze ngaphansi kwerebi)
- umqhele wazo zonke izinhlobo,
- izidalwa ezingenamvelo ezihlala emanzini nezinto ezibonakalayo zezitshalo,
- ama-crustaceans amancane ahlukahlukene, izinsalela ze-shrimp, ama-crustaceans amancane.
Lapho ugcina izinhlanzi zithunjiwe, kunzima kunokuba ukuphinda ukudla okunjalo kwezinhlanzi; ukudla kwenhlanzi okugcinwe ekudingisweni kuvame ukufaka:
- i-artemia salina eqandisiwe,
- tubificidae tubule annulus,
- ukudla okomile
- ama-bloodworms (amagciwane egazi) wesibungu somiyane.
Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukondla isibindi sethole, i-shrimp, i-squid, amaqabunga wesipinashi. Amanye ama-olwandle anikeza imifino emisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi kunikezwe ukuthenga ama-vithamini complexes ngezikhathi ezithile.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani i-discus ku-aquarium. Ake sibheke ukuthi inhlanzi ihlala kanjani endle.
Ividiyo: I-Discus
Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga kukaDkt. Askelrod, bekunokushicilelwa okushicilelwe "iTropiki Fish Hobbyist," ekhomba i-taxonomy ye-genus Symphysodon. Kulolu shicilelo, izinhlobo zeSymphysodon aequifasciata zaqale zahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezizimele. Igama elithi aequifasciata elithathwe kwelesiLatini lisho ukuthi linemichilo, lilingana, libhekise kumbala wezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo. Kulesi zinhlobo, imivimbo emnyama ebheke phezulu itholakala kuwo wonke umzimba wezinhlanzi, ezinhlanzini zohlobo lweHekkel, yonke imivimbo ivezwa ngokufanayo.
Ngakho-ke, kule ncwadi, uDkt Axelrod ukhombe amasistimu wezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840 isho discus Heckel eyatholakala ngo-1840,
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin.
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa:
- I-amber green discus,
- I-disc discus
- discus brown.
Kamuva, usosayensi ofanayo wakhuluma ngokungapheleli kokucwaninga kwakhe kule ndawo, ngonyaka we-1981, kuleyo ncwadi efanayo wanyathelisa usomatekisi olusha noluchaza kabanzi ngalolu hlobo. I-subspecies Symphysodon discus Heckel ifaka i-S. discus Heckel, kanye ne-S. discus willischwartzi Burgess. I-Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegri ifaka i-S. aequifasciata haraldi Schultz, S. aequifasciata Pellegrin, kanye no-S. aequifasciata axelrodi Schultz.
Kamuva ngo-2006, ososayensi baseSwitzerland bahlongoza ukuhlela lolu hlobo izinhlobo ezintathu:
- I-Symphysodon discus heckell isho i-discus heckel,
- ISymphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin lolu hlobo luhlanganisa imicu discus aequifasciata Pelegrin,
- S. tanzoo Lyons, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa i-discus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-disc t. tanzoo imisindo.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: I-Discus fish
I-Symphysodon discus inomzimba oyindilinga, owenziwe nge-disc. Umzimba uthambile ngokuqinile ezinhlangothini. Ikhanda lenhlanzi lincane. Kwabesilisa, ingxenye engaphambili yekhanda ihlukaniswa ngokukhethekile. Ekhanda kukhona amehlo amabili acwebezelayo. Amaphiko ngemuva kanye ne-anal fa aphansi, kepha yinde. Inhlanzi inomsila omuhle, omise okwenhliziyo yabalandeli. Amaphiko asesiswini senhlanzi ayaphakeme. Imvamisa imvamisa iba sobala, eside kukhona amabala akhanyayo kuzo. Amabala ikakhulu anombala ofanayo nombala womzimba. Ngombala wezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo, kuyaphawulwa iphethini yemivimbo engu-9 emile. Umbala we-discus, mhlawumbe okuhlukahlukene okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okusagolide, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuhlaza okotshani, okugolide.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Discus ingashintsha umbala wabo, ngokuya ngesimo sabo. Imivimbo yemibala ehlukene ingavela emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, noma okuphambene nalokho. Uma inhlanzi inovalo, noma imigqa emile kulenhlanzi ijabule, inganyamalala, bese kuthi leyo eqondile ibheke phezulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela emadodeni, ungabona empompini wembewu ekhonjiwe. Eenhlanzini zensikazi zalolu hlobo, amafomu ama-ovipositor abunjwe ngesigaxa sokuhluma. I-dimorphism yezocansi kulolu hlobo lwenhlanzi ayikhulunywa. Ekuthunjweni, ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20-25, futhi abantu abakhulu balolu hlobo bayatholakala ngokwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-discus esimweni semvelo sisukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweli-16, noma kunjalo, ekuthunjweni, izinhlanzi ziphila okuncane. Lokhu kungenxa yengcindezelo engaguquki, futhi izimo zokuphila ezinhle njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okuhambisana nakho kufinyeza ubudala bezinhlanzi. Noma kunjalo bazizwa bengcono endaweni yabo yemvelo. I-Discus inomoya opholile. Ziyahamba kancane. Ukuhamba kancane. Phila futhi ubhukude emhlambini omncane.
Ihlala kuphi i-discus?
Photo: Discus in the Amazon
Indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinhlanzi ezikhanyayo imifula etholakala eNingizimu Melika. Kaningi imihlambi yediski itholakala eMfuleni iAmazon. Futhi, le nhlobo itholakala emanzini aseColombia, eVenezuela, eBrazil nasePeru.
Umfula i-Amazon unama-biotypes ahlukahlukene, ahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ebusika, ngesikhathi semvula, imifula iyagcwala. Okuholela ekukhukhuleni kwezindawo ezinkulu.
Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, imifula ingcoliswa kakhulu ngenxa yamaqabunga ezihlahla, nezitshalo ezikhungethwe yizikhukhula. Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, amanzi aya ngokuwa, akha imifudlana eminingi nezindawo zokugcina ezincane. Amanzi aba mnyama. Ezindaweni eziqhelelene, umfula uba njengezimbiza, entwasahlobo amanzi ayahlanzwa. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, amanzi athambile futhi ane-acidity ephezulu. Amanzi anokuhanjiswa okuphansi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-discus ihlala bukhoma.
Imvamisa i-discus ikhetha indawo yokuhlala eseduze nasogwini ngangokunokwenzeka. Bahlala ezihlahleni ezikhungethwe yizikhukhula. Phansi kukhona ungqimba lwamahlamvu aluhlaza kahle. I-Discus ecasha otshanini obukhulu obunamanzi futhi phakathi kwezimpande zezitshalo, kutholakala izinhlanzi zale nhlobo. Emifuleni emikhulu, nasemanzini acwebile, lezi zinhlanzi azihlali, zihlala kakhulu eziteshini ezincane, ezifudumele kahle ngokukhanya okungekho. Ngenxa yalokhu ukwahlukaniswa, kudalwe imibala ethile yabantu esingayibona manje.
Futhi futhi ngenxa yalokhu ukwahlukaniswa, imikhuba yezinhlanzi ezifunda esikoleni yaqala ukubonwa. Kumhlambi owodwa, ungabona abantu abayikhulu. Emifuleni egeleza ngokushesha kwe-discus, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana. Zikhetha izindawo ezolile nezizodwa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Izinhlanzi ze-Discus zizolile. Banesimo esizolile. Emvelweni bahlala emaphaketheni angawodwa. Umhlambi owodwa onjalo ungafinyelela abantu abangamakhulu amaningana. Izingxabano ngokuvamile aziqhamuki ephaketheni, ngaphandle kokuthi abesilisa bangaxabana ngowesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho sekuzala, owesilisa nowesifazane bangaxabana bodwa. Uma ngalowo mzuzu sebevele bebeke amaqanda, bangawadla.
Emvelweni, izinhlanzi zihlala ezindlini ezincane zokugcina ezifudumele nemifudlana enokukhanya okungasasebenzi, amanzi afudumele nezindawo eziningi zokukhosela. Lezi zinhlanzi zesaba imisindo ephakeme nokunyakaza okungazelelwe. Ukucindezela kuthinta kabi izinhlanzi, ziguqula umbala wazo, zizizwa zimbi. Eduze kwe-Symphysodon discus emvelweni ungathola izinhlanzi ezinjenge-Cyclides zohlobo oluhlukile, imimese yezinhlanzi, ikati, ama-stingrays nama-piranhas.
Mayelana nokusondela kwezinye izinhlanzi, i-discus ayilona ulaka, umzabalazo wensimu awuqhamuki. Yebo, futhi ezinye izinhlanzi eziningi ngeke zihlala endaweni ehlala i-discus ngenxa yokuthi kunamanzi afudumele futhi athambile kakhulu. Empilweni ejwayelekile, izinhlanzi zihlala emihlambini. Imihlambi enjalo imvamisa ayakhiwanga kahle. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa ngababili okwenziwa owesilisa nowesifazane. Ukuqhekeka kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka ezindaweni ezivalekile phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla eziqothulayo nezihlahla ezahlukahlukene.
Ekudingisweni, lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukugcinwa ezindaweni ezinkulu zodwa zasemanzini. I-disco yazo zonke izinhlobo iphephile ngokwanele komakhelwane, kepha ezinye izinhlanzi azikwazi ukuhambisana nazo ngenxa ye-thermophilicity yazo. Kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala i-discus kanye ne-angelfish enolaka nezinye izinhlanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho, i-angelfish ingaqala ukubasabisa futhi ihlukanise amaphiko we-discus ezolile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Blue Discus
Izinhlanzi ze-Discus zinesakhiwo sezenhlalo esithuthukiswe kahle. Bafundela inhlanzi. Ziveza ngababili abavuthiwe. Inhlanzi ivela onyakeni wesibili wokuphila. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ezindaweni ezivikelekile phakathi kwezihlahla, izimpande zezitshalo. Ukulungiselela ukuqhekeka, izinhlanzi zilungiselela indawo yomdlalo. Bahlanza itshe, isiga noma iqabunga lesitshalo.
Lahla ama-disc womshado emnyameni. Imvamisa, ayikho imidlalo yokuhlanganisa. I-Caviar, evame ukuqukethe amaqanda angamakhulu amabili, ibekwa kwi-subostat ehlanziwe. Ngemuva kokuphothula inqubo yokuzala, owesilisa unakekela umdlalo. I-Discus inemvelo yomzali ethuthukisiwe. I-Caviar ne-Fry pair zigada ngokucophelela inzalo yabo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Noma ngabe i-discus iyinakekela ngokucophelela inzalo yayo, abakhiqizi bangayidla ngokwabo ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi ukucindezela ngesikhathi sokugadwa kwe-caviar yezinhlanzi.
Fry uqala ukudonsa kusuka emaqanda ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Ngenkathi kuze kube yilapho uFry uqine, abazali banabo futhi ubondle. I-Discus fry inombala onsomi, ongathandeki. Umbala usuka uqhakaze eduze nenyanga yesithathu yempilo yefry. Ukusakazeka kwezinhlanzi e-aquarium kwenzeka ngezimo ezikhethekile. Amanzi enhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kufanele abe kumazinga okushisa angaba ngama-30 degrees.
Kubalulekile ukuthi azikho ezinye izinhlanzi e-aquarium, kuvame ukubhangiswa ukuze kutholakale kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, kepha lapho kukhona indawo yokuphonsa amaqanda. Algae, amatshe, grottoes ahlukahlukene. Fry eligcinwe e-aquarium kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-6 londliwe ngothuli oluphilayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye yamanzi ithathelwa indawo nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kokondla abazali bakaFry, bayancipha.
Izitha zemvelo ze-discus
Isithombe: I-Yellow Diskus
I-Discus inezitha eziningi zemvelo. Isitha se-discus inombolo yokuqala i-eel kagesi. Uyakuthanda ukudla kulezi zinhlanzi. Izitha ikakhulu izinhlanzi ezinkulu futhi ezinolaka. Ngenxa yesimo sayo esizolile nokuhamba kancane, lezi zinhlanzi zingahlushwa abanye abahlali. Badla kancane, kanti ezinye izinhlanzi zingathatha ukudla kuleyo discus, yize ezimeni ezifana ne-discus zihlala ezinye izinhlanzi zingathandi ukuzixazulula.
Izinhlanzi ezinjenge-locaria, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-catfish zithanda ukuzidlela isigaxa sikamoya esidalulwe i-discus.Ngesikhathi sokumunca, kulimaza i-discus lapho inhlanzi ingafa khona. Futhi, abawuthandi umakhelwane onama-scalars nezinye izinhlanzi ezinolaka, ezingazilimaza futhi zihlukane namaphiko.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, ezingavame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlala ama-discus, lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle nazo zisongelwa ukugula nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo. Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-discs ama-discus empeleni awaguli, kepha ezimweni ze-aquarium, lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle zingagula ngisho nokugula.
Izifo eziphambili ze-discus yokuthunjwa yilezi:
- hexamitosis. Kubonakala ngokwenqaba ukudla. Ukuhlukaniswa kwendaba eyinqaba. Ukuze welashwe ngokunyusa izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-aquarium
- isifo esidalwa yi-bacterium Flexibacter columnaris, lapho amagciwane ethinteka yileli bhakteriya, kuba khona ukuncipha kokudla, ubunzima bokuphefumula kanye nobumnyama umbala. Lesi sifo selashwa ngekhambi leLevomycetin.
Esinye isitha semvelo se-discus sishintsha izimo zemvelo. Izinhlanzi ze-Discus ziyi-thermophilic kakhulu, azikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuqinile. Zidinga amanzi afudumele, ahlanzekile abushelelezi obuphezulu kanye ne-acidity ezimeni zemvelo, izinhlanzi zingahambela ezimweni ezintofontofo kakhudlwana, e-aquarium ngokwanda okukhulu noma ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lungathola ukushaqeka, futhi zingamane zife.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Discus fish
Ngenxa yobuhle bazo, lezi zinhlanzi ziphoqelelwa ukuba zihlupheke. Futhi unyaka nonyaka inani labo liyancipha. Njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zithandwa kakhulu ngabasemanzini emhlabeni wonke, zivame ukubanjwa zizikhipha endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlanzi eziningi ziyafa. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ze-Symphysodon discus zibhalwe kwi-Red Book. Futhi, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi lapho izinhlanzi zihlala khona, kuthinta kabi inani lalezi zinhlobo. Lolu hlobo seluthole isimo sezinhlobo ezisongelwayo ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile. Ukubamba izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo kwenqatshelwe ngumthetho emazweni amaningi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Emavikini ambalwa okuqala, i-gazinga idla imfihlo efihlwe yisikhumba sabazali. Lokhu kukhunjulwa kufakwa esikhunjeni sabakhiqizi bobabili. Lapho nje mucus uphela omunye wabazali, umzali wesibili uvele eduzane futhi ondle inzalo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, ummbila awaveli ngenhlanzi yabazali, khona-ke inzalo iyafa. Akunakwenzeka ukondla i-fry ngokwezifiso ngalesi sikhathi.
I-Discus, manje esethengisiwe, izinhlanzi ezizalwa ekudingisweni. Emazweni amaningi, i-discus ihlanganiswa ezindaweni zokugcina, ezindaweni zasemanzini naseziqiwini zezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokubhuka. Okwamanje, eBrazil, iTumukumake Nature Reserve idalwa osebeni lwe-Amazon, lapho kuzoba khona imifula eminingi, amachibi nezimpophoma, okuzoba indawo yemvelo evikelekile.
Ukuvikelwa Kwe-Discus
Photo: Discus from the Red Book
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-discus ibhalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba, futhi le nhlobo inesimo sokuthi "izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zisengozini yokuqothulwa, ngenxa yokubanjwa njalo." I-Discus yanoma yiluphi uhlobo inqatshelwe ngumthetho waseBrazil, Belgium, South America.
Namuhla, osebeni lomfula i-Amazon, sekusungulwa indawo yokulondolozwa komhlaba - iTumukumake Nature Reserve. Kulesi siqiwi, zonke izidumbu zamanzi ezingena epaki zivikelekile. Ukungena kuzo akuvunyelwe, akukho mabhizinisi nemigwaqo eduze kwepaki. Futhi kulezi zindawo zokugcina zihlala kuphela i-discus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eJapan nakwamanye amazwe, uhlobo lwe-Symphysodon discus lukhule ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa.
Izinhlanzi ezathengiswa njengamanje zikhuliswa ngabasolwandle abanolwazi. Emanzini, le nhlobo izala ngempumelelo futhi iphila iminyaka engaba yishumi, inqobo nje uma zonke izidingo ezidingekayo kuzo ziyahlangabezana. Izinhlanzi eziboshwe ekudingisweni zinombala okhanyayo we-neon, kulula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ze-aquarium kunezihlobo zazo zasendle.
Ukuze alondoloze lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle, umuntu kudingeka aqaphele nemvelo. Ukumisa ukudoba ngobuhlanya, futhi ukungcolisi imizimba yamanzi ukwakha izikhungo zokwelapha emabhizinisini ukuze ukungcoliswa kungangeni emanzini.
I-Discus inkosi engaphikisiwe yezindawo zasemanzini, ngoba umbala we-neon okhanyayo ubathanda kakhulu abantu. Ukubona umhlambi we-discus echibini, noma i-aquarium, kuyakhumbuza, kusuka kuluphi ubuhle bobuMama beNdalo esisinikeza bona. Kepha umuntu, ngeshwa, ngenxa yenzuzo, wacishe wazicekela phansi lezi zidalwa ezinhle. Masibe neqhaza ngokwengeziwe emvelweni nalokho elisinika kona, futhi sizogcina lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle ukuze zibonwe yizizukulwane ezizayo.
Isifo
Mangakhi ama-discus ahlala. Uma le nhlanzi igcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isikhathi sokuphila singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15! Ukucindezelwa, ukondliwa okungafanele, ukungahambisani nemigomo yamanzi kufinyeza impilo yezinhlanzi, kanye nesifo.
Izinhlanzi zitholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezitholakala. Lokhu kungenxa yokungavikeleki kokugomela kanye nezimo ezinzima kakhulu zokuboshwa, okulula ukusaphula. Ukudla okungenampilo kubangela izinkinga zamathumbu, izithikamezo kanye ne-dropsy. Izilonda ezibangelwa amagciwane, isikhunta, izimuncagazi - umnikazi we-discus, ikakhulukazi abancane, angahlangabezana nakho konke lokhu. Ungalwa nezifo ngemithi ejwayelekile esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Kepha akuzona zonke izinhlanzi ezingasinda kunoma yisiphi lesi sifo. Kungcono ukuxwayisa kunokuphatha: ungondli ukudla okubukhoma (eqandisiwe kuphela), unganikeli ukudla okuvela emithonjeni engenalo ulwazi futhi ungazitshaleli izinhlanzi ngaphandle kokuvalelwa ngaphandle.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Umhlambi wama-discs uthanda ukugcwala enkabeni ye-aquarium. Lapho nje enye ye-discus ibona ingozi, wonke umhlambi ugijimela ekhoneni. Kancane kancane baphuma lapho lapho ingozi isidlulile, baphinde babuthane phakathi enkabeni. Ukulahla kuyaqabukela kweqe ijubane, isikhundla sokushintsha (ukubhukuda kuya phezulu noma ukutadisha ongezansi akuyona indlela yokudlala oyithandayo). Le monotony yaziswa ngabasebenza ngemanzini: ungabheka eside ubuhle obuhle nobuphapheme. Imvamisa i-aquarium ekhaya noma ehhovisi yenzelwe ukwehlisa umoya uma ubheka inhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, "udoti" kulokhu kufanelekile.
Ngokuqondene nokuhambisana, kumqondo, i-discus ingahlala nazo zonke izinhlanzi ezinokuthula. Kwesinye isikhathi zixazululwa kanye nesikali, zixutshana nokujikeleza kwe-discus ngamafomu asengozini kanxantathu. Uma izinhlanzi zihlala e-aquarium ebanzi, bebelokhu bebonke kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi benobukhulu obufanayo, pho kungani kungenjalo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, omakhelwane abafanele be-discus baba futhi bahlala be-discus. Izindleko zabo ziphakeme kaningi kunezindleko zalabo ongaba ngomakhelwane nabo. Futhi uma i-discus ingakwazi ukuxosha izibazi ezifanayo, kungaba yihloni hhayi ngezinhlanzi ezinhle kuphela, kodwa nemali esetshenzisiwe.
USomiki inketho enhle yokuvuselela kabusha i-aquarium. Indawo yabo ingezansi kwe-aquarium, futhi abantu be-discus kuyaqabukela baye lapho. Lezi zinhlanzi nakanjani ngeke ziphazamisane.
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo
I-Discus yinhlanzi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo e-Amazon. Izilwane zasendle zibanjwa eBrazil, Peru naseColombia. Inhlanzi ithanda amanzi ahamba kancane noma ane-acid egeleza kancane, lapho kungekho khona ama-bacterium ayingozi kuwo. Imvamisa imihlambi ye-discus itholana emahlathini osogwini, icashe izinyamazane ezimpandeni ezihlahliwe zezihlahla nezihlahla. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elifanele kubo yi-26-31 ⁰С, yize emanzini angajulile angafika ku-35 ⁰С. Ama-cichlid ikakhulukazi akhetha izidumbu zamanzi ezinenhlabathi enesihlabathi noma ezitshalwe ngamaqabunga amadala.
Isithombo
Laba abamele umndeni we-cichlid unokuhluka okucacile kobulili okuvela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuluka. Iduna linezindebe ezinde kanye nebunzi eliphakeme.
Njengoba bekhula, i-discus ihlukaniswa ngababili. Zithunyelwa zodwa ngokwahlukana. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda emacembe abanzi ezitshalo noma i-substrate ehlanzwe ngaphambili. Ukusuka kuvela kufinyelela ku-200-300 gazinga, ondla okokuqala ngokugcinwa kwesikhumba kusuka ezinhlangothini zabazali bawo. Kunezikhathi lapho le mucus iba yindlala. Lapho-ke izinhlanzi eziphakathi kwabantu abadala kuba khona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwelungelo lokuzondla, ngenxa yalokho kungadliwa ifry. Ukuze bavikele, babeka amanetha avumela ukuba nefry ukubhukuda, kanti nezinhlanzi ezindala azivunyelwe ukuzidla.
Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zihlala phansi. Bondliwa ngeqanda leqanda ne-artemia. Izimo eziphambili ekunakekelweni kwabantu abasha ukuzondla njalo ukukhula kokufana kanye nokushintsha kwamanzi ngesikhathi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukondla ngebhubhu kungaholela ekwephulekeni kwempilo yokuzala yalezi zinhlanzi.