Idada elihlangene eline-crest yesimilo ngemuva kwekhanda nomucu omhlophe emaphikweni. Kuthiwa i-dimorphism yezocansi: owesilisa umnyama futhi mhlophe, unesigaxa eside, esichichimayo, insikazi nsundu enomhubhe ongabonakali kakhulu nebala elikhanyayo esisekelweni somlomo (kwesinye isikhathi asikho).

Ukubhebhetheka. Ukufuduka, kwezinye izindawo kuxazululwe ukubukwa. Kwenzeka eCentral naseNyakatho ye-Esasia, eYurophu ukusatshalaliswa akulingani, kuyahluka, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yayo ephakathi. Ubusika eningizimu yebanga bufika eNyakatho Afrika naseMiddle East. Imvamisa uchitha ubusika e-Italy (izinkulungwane eziyisithupha zama-6-16 ziqoshwa minyaka yonke), izidleke kwezinye izindawo futhi ngenani elincane kakhulu (ngababili 5-15).

Habitat. Ihlala ezindlini zamanzi ezintsha futhi ezisakhula, ezigcwele imifino emanzi emaphethelweni, ekujuleni okuphakathi nendawo enamanzi avulekile impela. Ukufiphala okumnyama kungabonakala nasezindongeni ezakhiwe nasemachibini amancane epaki emadolobheni; kuyaqabukela kuvela olwandle oluphakeme.

Ibhayoloji. Kusukela ngoMeyi, phakathi kwezimila eziphansi, kwakha isidleke lapho kuzala khona amaqanda ayi-8 - 11. Izinsuku ezingaba ngu-25, insikazi izifaka. Amachwane asuka ngokushesha esidlekeni, kepha-ke, aba phiko ezinsukwini ezingama-45-50 emva kokuzalwa kwawo. I-clutch eyodwa ngonyaka. Kwesinye isikhathi idla ngamaqembu, imvamisa ihlangana nama-gulls kanye nama-tern.

Iqiniso elihehayo. Ebusika, kwakha imihlambi emikhulu, imvamisa ingabonakala emachibini amadolobha phakathi kwamadada asekhaya.

Izinhlobo ezihlobene. Marine mnyama mnyama (Aythya marila) izidleke zaseNyakatho ye-Eshiya naseNyakatho Melika, zichitha ubusika eningizimu yohlobo lwazo. Abantu abangama-200-400 bavame ukundiza e-Italy (ngonyaka we-1970s, kuze kufike kubantu abangama-2 000).

Ubomvu wenze mnyama (Aythya fuligula)

Izimpawu zangaphandle zabansundu base-Australia.

Umnyama wase-Australia unosayizi acishe abe ngu-49 cm, amaphiko kusuka ku-65 kuye ku-70 cm. Isisindo: 900 - 1100 g. Thwala owesilisa kube ngu-38 - 43 mm ubude, kowesifazane kube ngu-36 - 41 mm.

Umnyama wase-Australia (Aythya australis)

Le duck - a diver, abantu bendawo kwesinye isikhathi babizwa ngokuthi "duck ngamehlo amhlophe." Lesi sici sibalulekile ekunqumeni izinhlobo zezilwane. I-plumage yeduna ifana nombala wesembozo se-feather sezinye izinhlobo zamadada, kodwa umucu omnyama wase-Australia oqhwakele ucace kakhulu. I-plumage insundu kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezifanayo.

Izimpaphe ekhanda, entanyeni nasemzimbeni zimdaka onsundu - isifuba. Izinhlangothi zibomvu ansundu, emuva nomsila kumnyama, kuqhathaniswa nomsila kanye nezimpaphe maphakathi nesisu, okumhlophe. Izimpiko ezingezansi zimhlophe ngomngcele omncane onsundu.

Uqhwaku limpunga emnyama, ngombala onsundu osobala - umucu ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amachaphaza nemilenze onsundu, izipikili zimnyama. Uqhwaku lubanzi, lufushane, lubunjiwe ngesimo, lunwebeka kancane ku-apex futhi linomshini omfishane. Ekhoneni lekhanda kunezimpaphe eziphakeme, eziphakanyiswe ngohlobo lwe-braid e-crested. Kwidroksi yabantu abadala, i-crest inobude obungama-3 cm; kowesifazane omdala, imfushane. Izinyoni ezincane azinawo amaqhubu. Kukhona izimpaphe eziyishumi nane.

Umbala wezinwele zensikazi uyafana nowowesilisa, kepha ugcwele umbala onsundu ngombala onomphimbo ophaphathekile. Iris yeso nsundu. Umugqa oseqhweni ususondele. Owesifazane mncane kunozakwabo. Mhlawumbe kunokuhlukahluka kwesizini ngombala weplamu isikhathi esifushane sokucibilikisa. Amnyama amnyama apendwe njengowesifazane, kepha alula, aphuzi ngombala ophuzi, isisu simnyama, sinendawo.

Izindawo zokuhlala zabansundu base-Australia.

Ukufakwa mnyama e-Australia kutholakala emachibini ajulile anendawo enkulu, enamanzi ebanda impela. Amadada angabonakala nasezindaweni ezinezimbali eziningi. Ngezikhathi ezithile bahambela amadlelo nomhlaba omuhle ukuze bazondle.

Esikhathini sokuzala, zitholakala echibini, ezitshalweni zokukhuculula indle, ezindaweni zokubhukuda, kumachibi, ezindaweni ezingasogwini lwamachibi amanzi angenamuntu, amahlathi emixhaphozi amaxhaphozi kanye nezindikimba zamanzi ezingenayo yonke indawo. Ngokuvamile bahambela amachibi asezintabeni akhiwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,150 ngaphezu kolwandle, njengamachibi ase-East Timor.

Ukuziphatha komuntu omnyama wase-Australia.

Abansundu base-Australia bayizinyoni zezenhlalo ezihlala ikakhulu ngamaqembu amancane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zakha amaqembu amakhulu abalwa izinkulungwane zabantu ngenkathi yesomiso.

Ama-vapors akhiwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokushesha nje lapho ukuvela kwamanzi kunikeza izimo ezinhle zokuzala.

Amademoni amnyama ase-Australia awahambelani kakhulu, ngenxa yokuhluka okukhulu kakhulu emvuleni.

Amadada alezi zinhlobo anamahloni kakhulu futhi aqaphela ngokweqile. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene zohlobo, abamnyama base-Australia bayakwazi ukukhipha masinyane futhi basheshe basuke, okuyindlela ebalulekile lapho kusongelwa izinyamazane: amagundane amnyama, izindondo zesiliva nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ukuze usinde, amadada adinga amachibi anezinga lamanzi elanele ukondla, ejulile engena emanzini. Lapho amadada ebhukuda, zihlala zijule ngokwanele emanzini, futhi lapho zimntywiliselwa, zishiya ingaphezulu komzimba wazo zinomsila wazo unamathele. Ngamachibi amaphakade, abamnyama base-Australia bahlala phansi. Kepha ngesikhathi sesomiso eside, baphoqwa ukuhamba amabanga amade, bashiye izindawo zokuhlala ezingapheli. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, abamnyama base-Australia bayizinyoni ethule. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, owesilisa ukhipha i-aoms. Owesifazane uhluke kumlingani wakhe ngezimpawu zezwi, wenza uhlobo lwendandatho futhi anikeze umgodi onamandla, omile lapho esemoyeni.

Umsoco wase-Australia omnyama.

Abansundu base-Australia bondla ikakhulu ngokudla kwezitshalo. Badla imbewu, izimbali, nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo, ama-sedges notshani obuseduze namanzi. Amadada futhi adla ama-invertebrates, ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane. Bamba izinhlanzi ezincane. Esifundeni saseVictoria eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi lase-Australia, abamnyama base-Australia bachitha isikhathi esingu-15% wesikhathi sabo beqoqa ukudla futhi bengama-43% eholidini. Iningi lezinyamazane, ama-95% athathwa ngokuntywila futhi ama-5% kuphela okuqoqiwe ebusweni bamanzi.

Ukuphinda uzalwe futhi isidleke somuntu omnyama wase-Australia.

Isikhathi sokuzala siboshelwe esikhathini semvula. Njengomthetho, kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba-December ezifundeni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga, futhi ngoSepthemba - ngo-December eNingizimu Wales entsha. Amadada akha ngazimbili. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi imibhangqwana iba khona isizini eyodwa kuphela, bese iyahlukana, bese isithembu siyabhekwa.

Izidleke zase-Australia zizihlukanisa zodwa ezindaweni ezibhukuda ezakhiwe ngemhlanga nangodaka.

Isidleke sitholakala ogwini lwedamu noma esiqhingini esifihlwe kahle emimangweni eminyene. Yakhelwe kusuka kwizitshalo zasemanzini noma eduze namanzi. Kubukeka sengathi kuyingxenyekazi embozwe efakwe phansi.

IClutch iqukethe amaqanda ayi-9 - 13 ombala omhlophe - ukhilimu. Kwezinye izimo, isidleke siqukethe amaqanda afinyelela ku-18, avela ngenxa yokudla isidleke futhi kubekwa amanye amadada. Amaqanda makhulu, isilinganiso esingu-5 - 6 cm futhi anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-50. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka umakhi kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-25 kuye kwezingu-27. Kuvela amakhisi, embozwe ngombala okhanyayo ngaphezulu kombala onsundu omnyama ne-tint ephuzi ngezansi, ithoni ene-mottled phambi komzimba. Zikhula ngokushesha, zithola isisindo kusuka ku-21 kuya ku-40 amagremu. Amadada abantu abadala aqhubekela phambili isikhathi esingapheli. Azikho izibalo ngokuphila isikhathi eside kwamadada amadala.

Isimo sokulondolozwa komuntu omnyama wase-Australia.

Abansundu base-Australia abasatshiswa ikakhulukazi ngamanani. Noma kube nokuncipha kwenani lamadada kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabili, kepha selokhu kwaqala ikhulu leminyaka elisha, izinsongo ezibaluleke kakhulu sezishabalele, inani lihlala liqinile futhi lisukela kuma-200,000 kuya kuma-700,000 abantu. Ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kwabamnyama base-Australia kutholakala emachibini asentshonalanga nasenkabeni yeQueensland. E-Australia, izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho amadada egxilile zitholakala emachibini echibini ngezikhathi zesomiso. ISandora Swamp eSouth Australia nayo iyindawo lapho amadada ebuthana khona lapho kungekho mvula. Isibalo sezinyoni eTasmania naso sizinzile. Ngaphandle kwe-Australia, ukusakazwa kwabantu abamnyama base-Australia kuyaqabukela kakhulu eNew Zealand naseNew Guinea. Kukhona usongo lokushintshwa kwendawo ngenxa yokudonswa kwemishayo ezindaweni zokuzalela abamnyama base-Australia.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ukubukeka

Amadada asendle axhumene kakhulu namanzi, lokhu kufakazelwa yimikhuba yawo, indlela aphila ngayo nesakhiwo sawo. Izimpiko zale nyoni zilungele izindiza ezincane kuphela, azinakubanzi futhi zimfushane. Lokhu kubukeka kwamaphiko kulungele ukudonsela phansi, kanye nokwakheka kwemilenze, iminwe emithathu engaphambili yayo exhunywe ngamalaphu okubhukuda.

Umndeni wamadada awumkhulu ikakhulukazi, isisindo somuntu omdala sisukela ku-500 kuye ku-2000 g.

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, i-dimorphism yezocansi ku-plumage kuthiwa, ebonakala kakhulu ngenkathi kudalwa ngababili - ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, abesilisa bafana nabesifazane. Emadayithini nasezinsikazi zodwa, ukuqunjelwa kuqine kakhulu - le nyoni ibuye ilahlekelwe yikhono layo ukundiza isikhashana, ilahlekelwe yimbili yezimpukane nomsila. Kwabesifazane abane-brood, molting kuhamba kancane futhi akubanciphazi ikhono lokundiza, kepha kuqala kuphela ngemuva kwesibambiso sedada.

Izindiza

Amadada ayizinyoni ezifudukayo ezifuduka emva kokudla. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola ukudla nezinyoni, lapho zifuna ukudla, zisuswa emizini yazo bese ziqala ukufuduka, zibheke eningizimu. Entwasahlobo, imihlambi iya ekhaya. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi amadada ahlala ku-ikhwetha nasezintabeni eziseningizimu nawo ayathutha, abalekela isomiso nokushisa.

Izindiza ziqala ngemuva kokukhula okusha ephikweni, sezikhulile futhi zilungele izindiza ezinde. Ngesikhathi sokundiza, umhlambi uhamba ngemuva komholi, ngokulandelana okucacile. Imizila yokufuduka idlula ezindaweni ezinothile kokudla.

Into yokuzingela

Ensimini yeRussia neCIS kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamadada (cishe amashumi amane). Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-30 zidlangile, lezi zinhlobo zamadada asendle ziyinto yokuzingela kwezentengiso neyemidlalo.

Inyoni yomndeni wedada iyisisulu sabazingeli hhayi kuphela ngenxa yenyama. I-sea duck eider eider, ngokwesibonelo, iyabekelwa phansi yayo. Ama-pegans namaqanda we-gogol kuvunwa kwezinye izifunda, kuthi ama-tangerine akhanyayo agcinelwe izinhloso zokuhlobisa.

Ukubukwa komfula

Izinhlobo zamadada emfuleni zinokufika okuphezulu emanzini kanye nomsila ophakanyiswe ngaphezu kwamanzi. Lapho befuna ukudla, abathuli, kepha bangena phakathi emanzini, bashiye umsila wabo ungaphezulu kwamanzi. Khumula cishe ngokuqondile, ngaphandle kokuphuma. Ekundizeni, umehluko ngezidenge ubonakala ikakhulukazi ngenxa yentamo ende, umsila namaphiko. Hlala kwiphakethe akuvamile ukugcinwa.

Shirokonoska

Yabiwe ngoqhwaku olwakhiwe njengotshani. Indiza ngandlela thile futhi kancane, yehlisa ikhanda phansi. Amaconsi amahle kakhulu: ngokubhekene nesizinda sebele elimhlophe, inhloko eluhlaza okotshani kanye nentamo kuphume, izinhlangothi nesisu zibomvu. Amaphiko angaphambili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka “nesibuko” esikhanyayo esiluhlaza. Abesifazane bangama-tan. Amachaphaza ezinyoni anyoni o-orange. Zibhekwa njengezingemukeleki kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zemifula.

Mallard

Duck yasendle mallard ijwayelekile kubo bonke abazingeli, iyinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke zemifula. Entwasahlobo, idrake inekhanda eliluhlaza i-emerald, ikhola emhlophe, amabele ansundu nomzimba ompunga. Owesilisa ulula kunowesifazane. Imilenze yaseMallard iwolintshi, uqhwaku ophuzi. Abesilisa banentamo ende, amakhanda abo aphakama.

Mallard emnyama

Indawo yokuhlala iseningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude neSiberia. Amasayizi awafani ne-dall ejwayelekile yemallard. Ukugqama kwayo ukuthi amadraki awahlukile kwabesifazane, ngoba ayinayo imibala yokuhlobanisa. Ziveliswa ngemilomo emnyama enezindawo eziphuzi ngaphezulu. Endizeni, amabala amhlophe emaphikweni abonakala kahle.

Isi-Pintail

Idada elikhulu kunalokho, abesilisa bakhulu kunezinsikazi, inentamo ende nomsila, ifana ne-awl, yingakho inyoni yabizwa ngegama. Ngemuva nekhanda kuye nsundu. Yonke eminye intamo, i-goiter kanye nomzimba ophansi imhlophe qwa. Owesifazane ungwevu.

Zehlise ikhwela

Idada ledada lincane kunazo zonke phakathi kwamadada asemfuleni. Iduna linekhanda elibomvu ngokunsundu elinomucu obanzi oluhlaza ovela emehlweni kuya emuva kwekhanda. Owesifazane ungwevu. Ngokuhlwa, iduna lingahlukaniswa ngentambo emhlophe ehlombe nengxenye emhlophe yomsila phakathi kokuphela komsila nesisu.

Isimbotshana esimabula noma esifushane

Habitat - E-Asia Ephakathi nogu loLwandle lweCaspian. Isisindo esimaphakathi 500 gr. I-plumage is brown-brown, ilula esiswini, iyafana kwabesilisa nabesilisa. Uqhwaku limpunga, imilenze insundu-nsundu. Owesilisa uhlukaniswa yisishubhu esincane ngemuva kwekhanda namabala akhanyayo azungeze amehlo. Imvamisa hlala emagatsheni ezihlahla nasezihlahleni ezikhula eduze namanzi, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamathe.

Idada elimpunga

Le nyoni inkulu kunombala wombala obomvana. Owesilisa uhluke kowesifazane onamaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophaphethi omncane. Izingubo zokuhlobisa zowesilisa: ikhanda elibomvu, umucu omhlophe kusuka emehlweni uye emuva kwekhanda. Insikazi inomlomo omude onendawo emhlophe eceleni. Ebumnyameni, idrowa ingahlukaniswa kowesifazane ngokuphakamisa ikhanda lakhe njalo nomsindo wokuqhekeka.

Sviyaz

Le nyoni iphakathi ngosayizi futhi ihlukaniswa yisisu esimhlophe esikhanyayo nangomlomo omfishane. Ikhanda ledrako libomvu, ibunzi liphuzi-golide, isifuba sibomvu esifubeni. I-svazi yesifazane ifana kakhulu ne-duck grey, ihlukile kuyo "ezibukweni" ezinsundu emaphikweni ayo.

I-Drake yenza imisindo ebukhali, njengekhwela, futhi izwi lowesifazane lifana nekhala.

Killer whale

Indawo yokuhlala yiMpumalanga Ekude, i-Eastern Siberia neKamchatka. Isisindo esimaphakathi - 800 gr. Umkhomo obulala unobuhlalu obumnyama, imilenze grey enama-membranes amnyama. Insikazi ifana ne-duck ufa, ehlukile ngombala wemilenze nangomlomo. Iduna ligcina “izibuko” ezikhanyayo emaphikweni alo ngisho nasehlobo. Izwi likhumbuza ngandlela thile i-Curlew.

I-Merganser

Lolu hlobo luhlala endaweni eyihlathi. Isisindo sifinyelela amakhilogremu amabili. Ekhanda kukhona izimpaphe eziphakeme zakha umthungo ophindwe kabili obanzi kowesifazane. “Izibuko” zimhlophe, uqhwaku lubomvu, imilenze i-orange. Ehlobo, iduna lingahlukaniswa izimpaphe ezimhlophe eziphikweni. Lapho inyoni endizayo indiza amaphiko ayo, yenza umsindo okufana nempempe.

IScaly Merganser

Uhlobo olunqabile olutholakala eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude kuphela. Kwangaphandle kuyafana ne-kati merganser. Ihlukaniswa ngosayizi wayo omncane, i-grey beak kanye ne-wide crest, ithuthukiswe ngokwengeziwe kwabesifazane. Ehlobo, amabala amhlophe ahlala emhlane wekhanda lowesilisa.

Ukushona

I-duck subfamily inesigaba - duck duck. Bathola igama labo njengendlela yokuthola ukudla - besebenzisa ukumba. Leli dada elisenyakatho lihlala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, okuyisibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika. Amadada okugaya ahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi: amachashaza emabula, izimbotshana, abamnyama namadada aphethwe ikhanda. Zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, ngaphandle kwetial, zinombala ogqamile, okhanyayo futhi obukeka ngokubabazekayo ngokuma komhlaba.

Isimanga semabula

Isisindo somuntu omdala esiphakathi singama-600 g. Owesifazane nowesilisa banemibala efanayo. Amapayipi anwephuzi ansundu anemibala ekhanyayo. Lapho inyoni isemanzini, umsila wayo uyaphakanyiswa. Izimbotshana zemabula zitshuza zijule impela, kwesinye isikhathi ziqonde ezihlahleni. Impilo yonke, kukhethwa amachibi anemihlanga nezihlahla ngasogwini. I-Habitat - iRussia, i-India, i-Asia, iSpain.

Ukushona

Idada ledada liphakathi ngosayizi, linentamo emfushane nekhanda elikhulu. Ukushona emanzini okuphansi, okuphakelayo, ikakhulukazi ukucwila. Idada ledada elincane, isisindo esiphakathi - 900 gr. Insikazi ifana nedada elimpunga, iduna linekhanda elikhanyayo kanye nesifuba esikhanyayo. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane futhi banemibala ekhanyayo kakhulu. Idada lokudonsela amehlo elinamehlo abomvu, i-red-nosed kanye ne-pampas diving ayivelile.

I-Habitat - indawo enemozulu efudumele, ikakhulukazi yama-taiga ne-steppe yase Russia.

UCherneti

Ama-Chernets angaphandle afana ne-dives, lokhu kungabonakala egameni lezinhlobo ezithile. Izinyoni ezincane ezinesitoko ezinekhanda elikhulu entanyeni emfishane. Uqhwaku olumnyama limpunga noma lumnyama, imilenze inezikhumba ezingumbala ophuzi, ompunga omnyama. Zonke izikhala ezinamaphiko zigqamile emaphikweni. Abansundu abavami ukuya emhlabathini; iningi lesikhathi abasichitha emanzini. Lapho uhudula, angashona ngesigamu noma ngokugcwele.

Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zitholakala eRussia: imnyama yasolwandle, i-corsted, ikhanda elibomvu, i-rem kanye ne-white-eye dive. I-Span eRussia i-dive American.

Izinhlobo namanje: Izinhlobo ezinde ezinamabala abomvu, iMadagascar, i-dive yase-Australia, ulwandle oluncane, iNew Zealand kanye ne-collared emnyama.

Izwi leMallard

Izwi lowesifazane - kvachka (ikholi) - liyazola, lihlangana nezikhathi ezimfushane, elinganisa umugqa. Ukuzwa impendulo noma ukubona kudonswa izindiza kudlula, idada elisuka kugcwayi liqhubeka nokukhala kokuya odongeni - uchungechunge lwemijondolo elandelanayo cishe ngaphandle kwekhefu.

Esikhundleni sokuhlakazeka, owesilisa unomsindo oshubile velvety “shaaak” noma “shyaaaark”.

Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana nabesifazane, imishiza ikhipha ikhwela eliphakeme kodwa elikhulu ngosizo lwe-syringx - ukwakheka kwamathambo engxenyeni engezansi ye-trachea.

Teal Cracker

I-Teal Cracker yidada elincane kunalokho eliseduze nesidleke esibanzi sozwane. Ubude 34-41 cm, amaphiko angama-63-69 cm, isisindo 290-480 g.

Owesilisa ogqoke izingubo zokuhlobanisa uhlukaniswa umucu omhlophe obanzi ngaphezu kwamehlo ongemuva lekhanda elivamile. Ingaphezulu lekhanda linsundu omnyama, izinhlangothi zekhanda, isifuba nentamo kukhona koshokolethi onsundu ngemifudlana emhlophe ende. Okuphezulu ngaphezulu kungumnqumo ompunga omnyama onemiphetho yokukhanya, umsila onsundu. Izinhlangothi zomzimba zimpunga-mpunga ngephethini emnyama eshayayo, isisu nokugcotshwa kwamhlophe kumhlophe ngemisuka emnyama edlulayo. Izimpiko ezimboze zingombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimpiko-mhlophe eziyimpunga zibe nsundu, isibuko siluhlaza, sicwebezelisiwe, sinomngcele omhlophe ngaphambili nangemuva. Ngesibuko, idada lingakhonjwa endizeni - liyafana nesibuko sombala obanzi, kepha lihlukile kulokho okushaya ikhwela. Bopha kancane, ubumnyama obumnyama. Uthingo lu nsundu, imilenze ingwevu.

Ezimpaphe zasehlobo, owesilisa ubukeka njengowesifazane, lapho ehlukaniswa khona ngamabala afanayo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asemaphikweni njengasentwasahlobo. Owesifazane akazishintshi izingubo - unyaka wonke ubonakala onsundu ngenhla futhi umhlophe ube namachashazi amnyama afiphele ezansi. Kwakwezinye izimbotshana, idada eliqhekekayo lingahlukaniswa nge-chin ne-intamo emhlophe ye-monophonic, nangemicu emibili egqamile edlula isuka kuqhwaku oluya ngeso emuva. Incane, kungakhathalekile ubulili, kunzima ukuyihlukanisa kowesifazane osekhulile: zithunyelwa amabele nezibalo ezibomvu, nemifudlana ehlukile esiswini.

Indiza ithule, kepha iyashesha futhi iyakwazi ukuguquguquka. Kuthatha cishe ngaphandle kokuthatha i-off. Ukufakwa emanzini kulula, cishe kungaqondakali.

Teal Kloktun

UTeal Kloktun, noma uKloktun, uyizinhlobo zezinyoni ezivela emndenini wamadada, okuwukuphela kohlobo lweSibirionetta, izinhlobo ezisengozini emhlabeni jikelele ezisongela, ezifakwe kuzincwadi ezibomvu ze-IUCN naseRussia. UTeal Kloktun ukhetha amachibi angajulile kanye namachibi aminyene aminyene. UKloktun uzalela eNyakatho Asiya esuka eTaimyr esiya olwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona isidleke eSakhalin. Ngenxa yokwehla okubukhali kwenani le-teal-cloktun, isidleke sedada leli ebangeni selivele laklebhuka futhi lingajwayelekile. Wayezithela ngabandayo eJapan, kodwa namuhla iningi le-kloktunov libhekise eSouth Korea.

Eduze kwempempe, kepha kukhulu okubonakalayo, okukhulu kakhulu. Idrake inemuva elinsundu ngemibala emide emnyama namhlophe ebomvu iwele ezinhlangothini ezingwevu-grey, ngaphansi kwesiphepho esimnyama, isisu esimhlophe, isifuba esinamabala amdaka, ahlukaniswe izinhlangothi ngemivimbo emhlophe. Ekhanda kukhona iphethini enhle eyinkimbinkimbi yemibala emnyama, eluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, amasimu amhlophe kanye nemigqa. UBill no-iris kumnyama, imilenze iphuzi-nsundu. Owesifazane uyafana nekhwela lowesifazane, kodwa unendawo enhle ekhanyayo ngemuva koqhwaku.

Izwi le-squire

Umsindo ovame kakhulu ngowesilisa yi-whissle-glissando ebushelelezi emibili, eqhathaniswa nokudonswa kwamathoyizi enjoloba futhi kudluliswa ngokuthi "whi-y ...", "vvu ..." noma "piu ..." Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kukhipha ikhwela elimangazayo, elidluliswa ngokuthi "svvIirru ..." noma "frrIirru". Owesifazane uphendula ngoxhaxha, ophansi oyinyumba othi "krrrr ... krrrr", ofana nokuhlaselwa kwabamnyama abesifazane.

IGogol

I-gogol ejwayelekile iyinyoni yomndeni we-duck, i-duck diving yobukhulu obuphakathi. Izilokotho ezigojela ezihlahleni zezihlahla ngasogwini lwamachibi echibi; ngesikhathi sokuzalela, zigcinwa emigqonyeni enomthunzi, ku-clutch kunamaqanda ama-5 ukuya kwangu-13 ngotshani obuluhlaza.

Idada le-Chunky elinekhanda elikhulu nentamo emfushane. Ubude 42-50 cm, amaphiko angama-65-80 cm, abesilisa asisindo esingu-750-1245 g, isisindo sowesifazane 500-1182 g. Umqhele ubukeka kancane futhi ukhombe, ngenxa yalokho ukwakheka kwekhanda kuthatha ukwakheka kukanoxantathu. Uqhwaku lufushane futhi luphezulu ezansi, olunomganu omncane. Owesilisa ogqoke ingubo yomshado unekhanda elimnyama elinensimbi eluhlaza okotshani, ibala elimhlophe eliyindilinga ngaphansi kwamehlo ngaphansi kwesiqhomo. Imvula ephuzi, uqhotho omnyama. Isifuba, isisu nezinhlangothi zimhlophe qhwa, emahlombe kukhiqizi we-pigg omnyama nomhlophe. Iningi langemuva nomsila kumnyama. Izimpiko zinombala onsundu, ngaphandle kwalesi “sibuko” esikhulu esimhlophe esisezimpondweni zesibili, ngaphansi kwephiko kumnyama. Imilenze iwolintshi enamalungu amnyama, kufaka nolwelwesi emunweni wangemuva.

Owesifazane ubukeka engaqhathani kangako, nge-predominance of brownish-grey shades. Ikhanda limdaka omnyama ngekhola emhlophe emincane. Uthingo luphuzi noma lube mhlophe, uqhwaku limpunga emnyama, imvamisa ngebhande lewolintshi noma liphuzi phezulu. Isidumbu esiphezulu sinomphunga ompunga, omhlophe ongezansi. Ingaphezulu lepiko limnyama-iphuphu, inesibuko esimhlophe esifana nesesiduna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezulu kwesibuko embozweni kunemivimbo eminye emhlophe emibili. Imilenze iyancishiswa ngokuqhathaniswa nabesilisa - iphuzi kakhulu kunowolintshi. Ekugqokeni kwehlobo, owesilisa uba ngaphezulu njengowesifazane, kodwa-ke, ugcina iphethini yakhe yephiko elilodwa, hhayi kathathu, indawo elula. Izinyoni ezincane cishe azifani nowesifazane osemdala, kodwa zine-iris esinsundu.

Izwi likaGogol

Ngesikhathi sokukhombisa ukuzala kokuzala, owesilisa ukhipha umugqa ohlabayo we- “bi-biizz, ukumangala”, uvame ukuhambisana nokuncipha kokomile okufuze okufana nokuncibilika komhlanga. Izimpendulo zezinsikazi ezine-burrr-burrr esetshenzisiwe, imvamisa endizayo - imisindo efanayo yenziwa ngabansundu. Ngaphezu kwezwi, i-gogol ingazwakala ngokukhala okuphezulu kokukhala kwamaphiko besilisa endiza. Ukushaya ngempama kuwuphawu lwamadada amaningi, kepha yi-gogol kuphela enomsindo osobala futhi ocacile kanjalo.

Umlilo

Idada le-Ogary noma elibomvu kungenye yamadada abonakala kakhulu, ngokuyinhloko ngombala okhanyayo obomvu wethani, i-waterfowl yomndeni wamadada, njengamakhonkwane.

Le nyoni enkulu, emude enesimo sayo, intamo ende, umlomo omfishane nezimpiko ezingandile zamaphiko amfushane obukeka njengodonga oluncane kune-duck ejwayelekile. Amasayizi nobukhulu bawo aqhathaniswa nalawo wezikhonkwane: ubude 61-67 cm, amaphiko we-121-145 cm, isisindo esingu-1000-16-1600 g.Isixa esiningi somzimba sibomvu kakhulu ngombala, siphenduka saba mhlophe ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ama-flewheels, izipikili kanye nomsila kumnyama, ezimweni ezimbili zokugcina ezine-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi zephiko, izembozo zinamabala amakhulu amhlophe abonakala kahle enyameni endizayo. Onqenqemeni olungaphambili lwamapheshana amancane kukhona indawo eluhlaza - okuthiwa "isibuko". Uthingo, uqhwaku nemilenze imnyama. Kunamazinyo acashile, angavamile futhi amakhulu emaphethelweni oqhwaku noqhwaku.

Engubeni yokuhlobisa, owesilisa uhlukaniswa ngokuba khona “kwekhola” emnyama emnyama engxenyeni engenhla yentamo, kuthi lapho insikazi inezimpaphe ezilula, ezicishe zibe mhlophe ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ushintsho lwesizini lwezingubo zabo bobabili ubulili aluzwakali, ngaphandle kokuthi imininingwane ekhanyayo yeplamu yeduna iba ngumshayeli omncane. Izinyoni ezincane ziyafana nowesifazane osemdala, kodwa uma ziqhathaniswa naye zibukeka ziphela, ngamaphiko okufihla amaphiko kunokumpunga kunokumhlophe.

Izwi le-ogre

Kumemeza unyaka. Inesilinganiso sokusebenza kwesimo, ngokusho lapho inyoni ingafaniswa kuphela nezwi le-Canada goose noma ngokuya kude kakhulu nokujaha kwembongolo yasekhaya. Ukukhala okuvame ukwenziwa emhlabathini futhi kundize kuba i-sonorous deep "ang ..." noma "gang ...", kwesinye isikhathi kunwetshwa kube amagama amabili futhi kuzwakale ngathi "aak ..." noma "wowak ...". Ekugcineni kwalesi sikhalo, umuntu angazwa kaningi isiminyaminya esixakile sika "arrrr ...". Imisindo eyenziwe yinyoni yabobulili obuhlukile ingahlukaniswa komunye nomunye: izwi lowesifazane livame ukukhala kakhulu, lijule futhi libukhali, umsindo u "a" uqhamuke kuwo, kuyilapho owesilisa efaka umsindo “o”.

Marine mnyama mnyama

Ukugudla kwasolwandle kungukubizwa kwamanzi aphakathi nendawo emndenini wedada, ukuntywila okukhulu kakhulu. Idla ikakhulu ama-mollusks kanye nezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo zasemanzini, ezidonsa isuka phansi kwezindikimba zamanzi.

Idada elikhulu lokudonswa komzimba omnyama onekhanda eliyindilinga, umzimba obanzi nentamo emfushane. Ubude bomzimba 42-52 cm, abesilisa banesisindo esingu-744-1372 amagremu, izinsikazi ama-gramu angama-690-1312. Ngombala, i-dimorphism ebekiwe. Amapayipi adonsayo ahlukanisa omnyama nomhlophe - izimpaphe ezimnyama zekhanda, intamo, ngaphambi kwesifuba, eziphansi emuva nangendlela engafani nezinye izimpaphe ezimhlophe ngemuva esifubeni nasesiswini. Izimpukane eziyisisekelo nomsila zingwephuzi nsundu, abamhlophe abesibili abanezihloko ezimnyama. Ngemuva nangembozo kukhiywe kukhiye, ngokushintshana okumpunga nokumhlophe. Izinhlangothi ziba mhlophe ngokwengxenye, kanti ngokwengxenye zinsundu ngemisipha emhlophe. Ngaphansi kwephiko kunombala onsundu ngombala onsundu. Umthethosivivinywa ungwevu ngombala omncane othi “inkaba” emnyama. Imilenze ibuye ibe nsundu, i-iris iphuzi golide. Engutsheni yokuhlobisa esekhanda labesilisa, kupende obomvu noma obomvana kubonakala ngokusobala. Owesifazane upende ikakhulukazi onsundu futhi onsundu, akhanye ezinhlangothini nasesifubeni. Emngceleni kwesisekelo somlomo kukhona indandatho emhlophe ebanzi ebanzi. Imicu emhlophe ebushelelezi isuka emaphethelweni ama-gras iye endlebeni. Izinyoni ezincane zifana kakhulu nabesifazane.

Imnyama yasolwandle ihlobene futhi ibonakala ngokufana nomnyama ogqunywe empumalanga hemisphere kanye nemnyama emincane yasolwandle entshonalanga. Ihluke kuzinhlobo zombili ngosayizi omkhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-blacknet, i-blacknetus yeduna ihlukaniswa ngemisuka yemifudlana yasemhlane, ukungabi bikho kwekhanda nentambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanda. Isici esihlukile sowesifazane umucu omhlophe obanzi ozungeze uqhwaku. Ukwahluka okuvela emnyama yasolwandle emnyama akubonakali kangako - ngaphezu komehluko omkhulu, owokugcina unendawo encane ekhanda, umsila ongaphansi awuwona onsundu ngombala, kodwa ukhanya ngemivimbo emnyama, kepha iphiko limnyama.

Izikhonkwane

I-peganka, noma i-ataika, ingumthombo omkhulu wamanzi womndeni wamadada, ku-taxonomy ithatha indawo ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwamadada angamanzi namadada ajwayelekile, ukubukeka nokuziphatha kufana nawo womabili la maqembu ezinyoni.

Idada elikhulu kunalokho elinentamo ende, ikhanda nemilenze, likhulu ngokwedlula imallard, kodwa lingaphansi kwesibazi. Ubude 58-67 cm, amaphiko we-110p133 cm, amadoda isisindo esingu-0.8-1.5 kg, isisindo sowesifazane singama-0.5-1.3 kg. Sichazwa kahle noma sisuka ebangeni elide ngenxa ye-piebald - umbala okhanyayo ophelele. kwenye enye inhlobo yezinhlungu.

Isizinda esivamile se-plumage simhlophe, lapho ikhanda elimnyama neluhlaza okotshani, uqhwaku obomvu okhanyayo, ibhendi elibomvu-esifubeni kusuka esifubeni kuya emahlombe amahlombe, imivimbo emnyama emahlombe amahlombe naphakathi kwesisu, nama-flywheel amnyama e-oda lokuqala nelesibili ahlukile. I-undertery enamabala amancane ansundu. Emafungwini amancane, ukhula lwangaphandle oluhlaza lwakha isibuko - uphawu lwezikhonkwane zohlobo. Imisila e-Steering imhlophe eneziphetho ezimnyama. Uthingo lubomvu onsundu, imilenze ipinki. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa kancane. Iduna likhulu ngaphesheya kowesifazane futhi likhula ngokubomvu kaphayini eluqhweni, luphawuleka kakhudlwana ngenkathi yokuzala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi inendandatho emhlophe yezimpaphe ezungeze iso. Izinyoni ezincane zibukeka njengowesifazane, zihluke kuye ngomlomo ovinjwe umlomo ngokungabi nasibuko esibayeni. Ukubuka kweMonotypic.

Izwi le-Pintail

Ukukhala kokukhishwa kwedrake - ikhwela elifushane le-melodic, ekuqaleni kwaloyo umuntu ongayizwa imisindo yokukhala - iyonke kuvela into efana ne “xx-trick”. Owesilisa angakwenza lokhu kukhala bobabili empukweni futhi ehleli phezu kwamanzi, kuhamba naye kuphakanyiswe nentamo yakhe. Iqhubu elifana kakhulu, kepha elinde futhi ngaphandle kokufaka u-hissing, likhipha idrake yokuqhekeka teal. Izinyoni ezazihlala zisebenza njengemall kanye ne-duck yasekhaya, kepha zithamba kancane futhi ngokuzithoba kancane kancane.

Ukushona okunekhanda elibomvu

Idada elinamakhanda abomvu liyidada ledada eliphakathi nendawo, elijwayelekile ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseYurophu naseSiberia, nasendaweni encane enyakatho ne-Afrika. Ifinyelela inani elikhulu kunawo wonke emgqeni we-steppe strip nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yendawo ehlathini.

Idayi lobumba eliphakathi nendawo elinomsila omfishane nentamo ende. Kubukeka kuncane kakhulu kune-mallard: ubude bomzimba 42-49 cm, amaphiko we-720-820 mm, abesilisa banesisindo esingu-585-1300 g, izinsikazi zinesisindo esingu-467- 1100 g. Inhloko nesihlwayi sinobomvu obomvu noma obomvu, isifuba, nokubomvu, isifuba nesifunda ezizungeze umsila zimnyama (isifuba sinobuhlakani obonakalayo), emuva nezinhlangothi zimpunga okukhanyayo ngemisuka emincane eshintshashintshashintshashintshashintshi (kukhanya kwelanga kulezi zindawo zibukeka zimhlophe), uthingo lubomvu. "I-Mirror" ephikweni ayikho. Insikazi ine-plumage tone brownish-grey ejwayelekile enephethini elimpunga le-grey emuva nangezinhlangothini. Ikhanda limdaka omnyama onezindawo ezilula emqaleni kanye eduze komlomo. Izinhlangothi zibomvu, isisu si-mhlophe, iris imnyama nsundu. Ukuphuma kwehlobo kowesilisa nowesifazane kufana nokukhwelana, kodwa ngandlela thile okuyi-dishler, ene-brownish shades esikhundleni esimnyama emdakeni nasezihlanganeni ezingcolile ezinsundu kudada. Kubo bobabili ubulili, uqhwaku lude impela, lubumnyama esisekelweni futhi ekugcineni, aluhlaza grey phakathi. Uqhwaku luyakhonkolozwa, ezansi kahle, ngaphandle kokugoba, lungena ebunzini, kuthi ekugcineni kube nesicoco esincane. Izinyoni ezincane ziyafana nowesifazane ehlobo, kodwa zibe nombala ozwelayo ngemuva.

Izwi le-Red Dive

Idada ngokuvamile elithule. Owesilisa wamanje ukhipha ikhwela elisezingeni eliphansi, elijwayelekile lamadada okumba, ekugcineni lawo aphenduke isililo sekhala esifushane, asikhumbuze ngokungazwakali umsindo wento esikiwe. Ngesikhathi futhi kuvame ukushicilela uchungechunge lwamakhwela amafushane abukhali "Ki-ki-ki", ahlanganisa amaqoqo amathathu noma amane. Izwi lowesifazane "elibukhali" elibukhali, kwesinye isikhathi elishicilelwa emafutheni.

I-dive enamehlo amhlophe

Idada elinamehlo amhlophe noma elimnyama linamehlo amnyama inyoni yomndeni wedada. Umuthi waba negama lawo ngombala wamehlo - i-iris yamehlo emiqubeni imhlophe qwa (kusuka kude kubonakala kumhlophe), kubhalwe ku-Red Book, isigaba se-rarity - 2.

Idada elinamehlo amhlophe liyidada elisezingeni eliphakathi elinesisindo kusuka ku-0,4 liye ku-0,65 kg. Umbala wezinyoni ezindala unombala onsundu ngokufana. Engutsheni yokuhlobisa, owesilisa unesisu esimhlophe ne-chin, izinhlangothi ezibomvu ngokubomvu, uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba kanye namakhola ansundu ezisekelweni sentamo. Kunesibuko esimhlophe ephikweni. Owesifazane ubumbekile, no-iris weso lakhe onsundu.

Idayiva ebomvu

Idayi enamehlo abomvu, idada elinamehlo abomvu, liyidada elihlukile, ngokwezici zezinto eziphilayo liyindlela yokushintsha phakathi kwangempela, noma umfula, amadada neziziba. Indiza yalesi dive kulula kunale yamadada, indiza ngokuzithandela futhi yinde kunabo. Imvamisa kuya ogwini ukondliwa, uhamba emhlabathini ngokukhululeka okuningi kunamanye amadishi, futhi lapho kudingeka kugijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukubhukuda kahle, kepha diving kancane futhi kubi kunakwezinye izimbotshana, yize kukhulu futhi kungcono kunamadada asemfuleni, kwesinye isikhathi kuba "yikhandlela", njengamadada wangempela. Ukusuka emanzini kukhuphuka okusindayo kunamadada wangempela, kodwa kube lula kunokudonsa. Ukwesaba noma ukuxoshwa, ubhudu olunamachaphaza abomvu, luveza obala kuphela ikhanda nentamo, njengamanzi.

Idada elibomvu elinamanzi likadada omkhulu omkhulu onesisindo ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1.5 kg. Ijubane lobudoda obunamehlo abomvu esikhumbeni sentwasahlobo lihle kakhulu. Kulula ukuyihlukanisa ngekhanda layo elikhulu elibomvu elikhanyayo, umlomo ogqamile obomvu okhanyayo nama-paws abomvu, isifuba esimnyama nesisu esimnyama.Owesifazane onombala onsundu okhanyayo onsundu ngombala ongezansi nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Owesilisa ehlobo ubukeka njengowesifazane, kepha umzimba wakhe ophansi umnyama futhi ikhanda lakhe linsundu.

Ukuntywila kwe-Baire

Ukudonswa kuka-Baer, ​​noma i-Baer's diving, kuyizinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile ezivela emndenini wamadada. Ubizwe ngemuva kwesazi semvelo uKarl Ernst von Baer, ​​obhalwe ku incwadi ebomvu, isigaba sokuthola kabusha - 3.

Morphologically kakhulu efana dive-ngamehlo emhlophe. I-siga ihlukaniswa ngobukhulu besihlobo, uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele lolu hlobo. Duck encane, iphiko ubude besilisa 200-240, insikazi 190-215 mm: amasondo abesilisa 32-36, insikazi kusuka 30 mm, ubude bezindebe zamadoda 44, abesifazane 43 mm.

Izinyoni ezincane entshweni lokuqala. Ikhanda linombala onsundu ngomqhele omnyama, uhlangothi olu-dorsal luhlotshaniswe ngombala onsundu, isigaxa sangaphambili nesifuba sinsundu, ingemuva lesifuba limhlophe ngamabala ansundu, isisu sibomvana-onsundu, isidumbu esingaphansi simhlophe. Izimpiko, njengezinyoni ezindala. UBill ungwevu omnyama, amehlo ansundu, imilenze ingwevu ngombala obomvana.

Owesifazane mdala. I-Vertex ne-nape emnyama ne-sheen eluhlaza okotshani, amakhanda izinhlangothi ezimnyama zibomvana. Amahlombe nengubo kungwephuzi onsundu ngemiphetho ebomvu yezimpaphe, emuva nemisila kukhona nsundu. Emphinjeni kanye nasentanjeni phambi kokuhlanganiswa kwe-white, goiter nesifuba esingenhla ngokubomvu. Isifuba sonke nesangaphansi simhlophe ngamabala amnyama, isisu sinombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe noma omncane kakhulu. Izinhlangothi zibunjiwe-nsundu ngombala wempaphe wezimpaphe. Izimpiko, ezifana nezeduna, kwakuyizimvuthu zangaphakathi kuphela zamaphiko amakhulu ezindizayo ezazingemhlophe, kepha zingwevu. Amehlo ajwayele ukuba nsundu.

Kukhona uhlaka olumhlophe ku-chin. Ngemuva nangezipikili kumnyama matte. Ingubo imnyama-nsundu ngombala obomvu omncane kakhulu. Isigaxa esingaphambili nesifuba sangaphambi kokubomvu kucwebe obomvu, isifuba sangaphansi nesigaxa simhlophe, isisu siphenduka mpunga sangena ezinhlangothini ezibomvu-esifubeni. Umsila onsundu. Izinyoni ezindizayo ezingaphandle zimnyama-nsundu ngombala omhlophe wangaphakathi, ezingubeni ezindala eziyisisekelo zimhlophe, i-apex ihlala imnyama. Amaphiko amancanyana amancanyana anombala omnyama obanzi phezulu omnyama isibuko samaphiko amhlophe. Izimpiko zaphezulu ezimboze ngombala zimnyama-nsundu nge-tint yomnqumo. U-Beak ungwevu womthofu onesisekelo esimnyama kanye ne-marigold. Amawashi nawo aluhlaza grey. Uthingo lumhlophe noma luphuzi.

I-Merganser ejwayelekile

I-Medium merganser iyidada elikhulu, usayizi mallard, onomlomo omncane omude, omude. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-0.5 m. I-Wingspan 67-86 cm.

Isisindo sabesilisa singama-1000-1300 g.Ikhanda, emuva nangemuva lekhanda limnyama nge-tint eluhlaza, intamo nesisu kumhlophe, kunephethini elincane ezinhlangothini, kanti nesifuba sibomvu futhi simhlophe. Ngemuva kwekhanda eduze nedrake kukhona i-cosst ephindwe kabili yezimpaphe ezinhle ezifundwe kahle. Uqhwaku, uthingo nemilenze ibomvu. Ngokungafani ne-merganser enkulu, i-goiter in nsundu enamabala amnyama. Emhlathini ongenhla kusuka onqenqemeni lwangaphambili lwamakhala kunamazinyo ayi-18 noma ngaphezulu (ku-merganser enkulu - 13-15).

Owesifazane ungwevu womlotha onekhanda onsundu nentambo, kuyilapho umngcele wombala onsundu noyimpunga entanyeni ufiphele, emuva ngimpunga onsundu. Ihluka nge-merganser yabesifazane ngokungabikho kwendawo emhlophe ngaphansi komlomo. I-Crest yowesifazane imfushane kunaleyo yowesilisa.

Uqhwaku olude oluncane lusiza ekuthumbeni inyamazane futhi lufana nobume bewashi.

I-Loot noma i-Little Merganser

I-Loot noma i-merganser encane i -fowfowl yomndeni wamadada ehlala emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile anamanzi asenyakatho yeYurophu, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. I-Phylogenetically ithatha indawo ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwe-merganser ejwayelekile ne-gogol, futhi inezimpawu zangaphandle zawo womabili amaqembu ezinyoni. Ubhukuda nomsila wakhe wehliselwe emanzini, ugxuma kahle.

Idada elincane, elibonakalayo elinomzimba omncane elifana kakhulu nama-mergansers futhi livame ukuhlanganiswa nabo kuhlobo olulodwa. Phakathi kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile kukhona ukuqubuka kwezimpaphe eziphakeme ekhanda nomlomo omncane omfishane, imiphetho yawo embozwe ngamazinyo. Ubukhulu bukhulu kakhulu kunempempe ye-teal: ubude bomzimba 38-44 cm, isisindo sowesilisa 510-935 g, isisindo sowesifazane 500-680 g. Owesilisa esambathweni sokuhlobisa umhlophe ngebala elimnyama nephethini elimnyama elihlukile ekhanda, entanyeni nakuleya phiko. Imininingwane yeplamu emnyama: indawo ebunjiwe okwe-oval phakathi kwamehlo noqhwaku, imichilo emide ebanzi noma amabala ezinhlangothini ze -apeape, ihlangana ngemuva kwekhanda, nemivimbo emincane edonsanayo ezinhlangothini zesifuba.

Owesifazane uthambekele kakhulu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka: unesihloko esibomvu ngokunsomi ekhanda nasemuva kwentamo, umphimbo omhlophe kanye nokugoba, emuva ngomlotha nesisu esimhlophe. Ehlobo, kukhiqizwa ibala elimnyama phakathi kwesisekelo sasoqhwaku kanye neso elowesifazane. I-iris yedringi imhlophe qhwa, idada linombala onsundu. Ehlobo, idraki iba njengeyensikazi, ihluke kuyo icishe ibe mnyama (kodwa ingabi grey) ngaphambili nangemuva kwibala. Izinyoni ezincane zifana nowesifazane, kodwa-ke, zihlukaniswa yisifufushane esifushane, ukungabi bikho kwendawo emnyama esweni, kanye neqhude elimnyama elimnyama nezinhlangothi. Akukwenzi ukubonwa.

Izwi Loot noma Merganser Little

Isikhathi esiningi athule. Ngezikhathi ezithile owesilisa wamanje wenza umsindo ojulile wokuqhekeka onama-“hiccup” ekugcineni, okhumbuza ngengwebu engaconsi phansi. Izwi lowesifazane liyigwegwe elibusayo - "isihogo", elifanayo nemisindo eyenziwe ngabesifazane abamnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi ibonakala ngokuncenga - umsindo oyi-monosyllabic hoarse. Ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, insikazi nayo ingazwakala ehlobo ngesikhathi sokuqomisana kwenzalo.

I-Savka

USavka ungukuphela kokumelwa kwendabuko yakhe kwiPalearctic. Ngokusho kohlu Olubomvu lweConservation Union (Uhlu Olubomvu IUCN) kubhekwe ukuthi luhlobo olusengozini (i-Endangered, EN).

I-Savka yidada elisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Ubude 43-48 cm, isisindo 500- 900 amagremu, ubude bamaphiko owesilisa 15,7-17.2 cm, insikazi 14.8-16-16,7 cm, amaphiko ama-62-70 cm. inhloko emhlophe ene “cap” encane emnyama, uqhwaku “oludumbile” oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi, umbala womzimba uqukethe inhlanganisela yezimbali ezimnyama ezibomvu, ezinsundu, nsundu nezimfushane ezinedothi elincane elimnyama ngendlela yepheji elingenampilo noma ipheshana. Owesifazane unombala ngokujwayelekile nowowesilisa, kodwa ikhanda linombala ofanayo nalo wonke umzimba futhi linamathoni ansundu ngombala; imivimbo emide ebonakalayo esihlathini iyabonakala, uqhwaku limpunga. Kwowesilisa engubeni yokugqoka ehlobo, uqhwaku luphenduka lube mpunga, “isicu” esimnyama ekhanda siba sibanzi. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, abesilisa abanekhanda elicishe labamnyama bahlangana ngokukhula okuhlukile kokumhlophe esihlathini - kusuka ezimpaphe ngazinye kuya ezindaweni ezikhule ngokugcwele, umlomo wabo ungwevu noma uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - lezi kungenzeka izinyoni ezinonyaka ubudala. Abancane babukeka njengowesifazane, kodwa ngandlela-thile bancane, imivimbo esihlathini nangaphambi kwentamo ilula, icishe imhlophe. Amajakhethi aphansi anombala onsundu ngemivimbo elula ezihlathini. Kuzo zonke izingubo zokugqoka kanye nobudala, ubonakala ngendlela ebabazekayo yokubhukuda ngomsila omise okwenziwe isigaxa esenziwe ngezimpaphe ezinzima ezikhuliswe cishe zibheke phezulu.

UTangerine

Idada laseMandarin liyinyoni encane yohlobo lwama dada amahlathi omndeni wedada. Idada laseMandarin lihlala eMpumalanga Ekude; libhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia njengezinhlobo ezingandile.

Idada le-mandarin libhukuda kahle, ngenkathi lihleli phezulu emanzini ngomsila walo liphakanyiswe kancane. Ushona kuyaqabukela, kuphela lapho alimala. Indiza yayo iyashesha futhi ingashukumi, ihamba kalula, kwesinye isikhathi icishe iqonde. Ngokungafani namadada amaningi, idada le-mandarin livame ukubonwa lihleli emagatsheni ezihlahla noma ezindaweni ezigudle ugu.

Idada laseMandarin liyidada elincane elinesisindo esingu-0.4-0.7 kg. Ubude bephiko lama-tangerines abantu abadala buyahlukahluka ebangeni lama-210- 245 mm. Indlela agqoke ngayo idada leduna le-mandarin igqamile phakathi kwamanye amadada ngombala okhanyayo wenqwaba. Owesilisa unekhanda ekhanda futhi unombala ogqamile kunowesifazane. Kukhona amanye, aphelelwe yisikhathi, amagama: "Idada laseMandarin", noma "idayi laseChina."

Kamenushka

Itshe selisakazekile eSiberia eseNyakatho-Mpumalanga, eMpumalanga Ekude, eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Melika, eGreenland, e-Iceland. Ihlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo, ikakhulukazi imifula yendawo eqhweni. Ebangeni eliningi, inyoni efudukayo. Ubusika oGwini lwePacific nolwe-Atlantic luseningizimu yezindawo ezidlekayo. Ebusika, kuhlala olwandle ogwini olunamadwala.

Ihlukaniswa kwamanye amadada ngombala wepayipi lawo: udrako omnyama onamabala abomvu okugqamile, indawo emhlophe ebomvu phambi kwamehlo, ikhola emhlophe, amabala amhlophe nemivimbo ezinhlangothini zekhanda nomzimba. Ikhanda nentamo yakhe kumnyama, kuthambile. Le ntokazi imnyama, enamabala amathathu amhlophe ekhanda.

Moryanka

• 
• 
• 
• I-Sailor, auleika - Clangula hyemalis

I-Sailor, i-sauc noma i-mall - ummeleli womndeni we-duck, duck duck encane. Phakathi kwezinyoni zasolwandle, enye yohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lokushintshanisa ama-oda wezinyoni, ngenxa yalokho abesilisa nabesifazane banemibala ehlukahlukene yamabala ebusika, ehlobo, ekugcineni kwenkathi yokuzala nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.

Idada elinomzimba omncane elinekhanda eliyindilinga, intamo emfushane nomlomo omncane omfushane. Ubude besilisa buba ngu-55-60 cm (kufaka phakathi umsila omude), ubude besifazane bube yi-37-41 cm, amaphiko abe ngamasentimitha angama-73-79, isisindo singama-450- 900 g. Owesilisa unomsila omude kakhulu (kufika ku-13 cm) kanye noxhaxekile bezimpaphe ezingaphakathi emsileni, okuyinto idada ihlala iphezulu ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi. Izimpiko zincanyana futhi zikhomba, ngandlela-thile ziyaguguleka, kuzo zombili ubulili zimnyama ngombala nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Thatha amanzi, wenze indlela ende yokulwa nomoya.

Njengakwamanye amadada amaningi, i-plumage imemezele i-dimorphism yezocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esiyingqayizivele salolu hlobo lwenhlobo kuyinto yolt-kathathu (kwezinye izinyoni, amahlandla amabili noma amabili) ngonyaka, ngenxa yalokho okwenziwa kudonsa kube nezimpahla zasebusika ezinhle kakhulu, zokuhlobanisa kanye nokuphuma ehlobo. Esidodeni, kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni, ikhanda (ngaphandle kwezinhlangothi ezikhanyayo), intamo nesifuba zinombala onsundu, ingxenye engenhla yomzimba ib nsundu ngombala obomvu obomvu obunjiwe emahlombe, ezinhlangothini nangaphansi kumhlophe qwa. Ukuncibilika kwehlobo kusishintsha kancane isithombe sisonke - izimpaphe zamahlombe ziba mfushane futhi zilahlekelwe amathoni abo abomvu, kuphuma izimpaphe ezimhlophe ekhanda nasezandleni zamahlombe. Uqhwaku lwabesilisa, okuthi entwasahlobo lube nebhendi ebomvana, ngalesi sikhathi iba mnyama ngokuphelele. NgoSepthemba, amadraki akushintsha kakhulu ukubukeka kwawo - ikhanda nentamo kuphenduka kube mhlophe, kuvela amabala amakhulu eshokolethi ezinhlangothini zekhanda, ne-chocolate efanayo esifubeni.

Kowesifazane, zimbili kuphela izinhlobo zamapulangwe angahlukaniswa: ihlobo (kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti) nasebusika. Ngokuvamile, amapayipi edada ahlanganisa amathoni ansundu, ushokoledi namagrey, amnyama esikhathini esidlekayo. Engubeni yezingubo zensikazi, ikhanda nentamo kumnyama ngombala (kunensimu empunga phambi kwamehlo, kukhona indawo ekhanyayo ngemuva kwesohlo, indawo efanayo ekhanyayo entanyeni), isifuba sinombala onsundu, ingaphezulu limpunga ngombala omncane, isisu simhlophe. Ebusika, ikhanda liba mhlophe ikakhulu, kushiya amabala amnyama amakhulu esiqongweni sekhanda nesihlathi. Ukuvezwa kokuphumula komzimba ngokuvamile kuyalondolozwa, noma kugqama kancane. I-plumage yangemuva ithola i-tint ebomvu ngokubomvu. Izinyoni ezincane ziyafana nezabesifazane, zihlukile kuye ngombala ocacile womzimba ophezulu.

Izwi lomatilosi

ISailor iyinyoni enomsindo, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo. Ukukhala komuntu wesilisa yi-larynx ephezulu ethi "a aulullah", okuyisimo salolu hlobo lwendawo kangangokuba abantu bendawo babiza i-aura bait ngokuthi "auleika" noma "avlik". Owesilisa ukhala kaningi futhi nganoma yisiphi isizathu - ngesikhathi sokuphola, impikiswano yendawo, ukulwa kwabesifazane, ukuthatha nokuhamba, kubhabho. Emhlambini, ikholera enkulu yokudonsa idla ubhedu futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, kufana nemisindo yesipanela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili ubulili baboniswa isifiso esijwayelekile se-monosyllabic, isiphambano phakathi kuka "o", "a", no "u", esivame ukuzwakala emihlambini ezindizayo.

Izinhlobo zamadada asendle

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-110 zamadada emhlabeni. Cishe zingama-35 izinhlobo ezihlala eRussia. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

• Mallard,
• I-Pintail,
• Ibala elinamakhanda abomvu,
• Idada elimpunga
• IGogol
• Peganka,
• Sviyaz,
• Kufakwe mnyama.

Kunzima ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezilwane nezinhlobo ezithile, ngakho-ke, izinyoni ezincane zibizwa ngokuthi ama-teals, kanti izinhlobo ziboniswa iziqalo: