IMICIMBI YOKUGQIBELA KAKHULU Kwase-Afrika * Izilwane ezifuywayo

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Ama-cichlid aseLake Malawi naseTanganyika ahlala athandwa ngabasolwandle ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zemibala nokuziphatha kwabo okuhehayo. Ama-cichlid aseMalawi naseTankanyika akhiqiza kalula futhi awadingi ukufaka imijovo. Izinsikazi zezilokazana zaseMalawi zithwala amaqanda emilonyeni yazo.

Ukuseshwa kwezinhlanzi zamanzi acwebezelayo kwaqhubeka, kepha kulokhu hhayi emifudlaneni nasemifuleni, kodwa emaGreat Lakes of Africa - iTanganyika kanye neNyasa (igama lesimanje le-ozyoa Nyasa yiMalawi).

Izithombe pseudotrophyus zebra

Izinhlanzi zitholakala kuwo wonke umuntu ekujuleni kolwandle, kepha ezindaweni zasemanzini zibanjwa ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-15, ikakhulukazi eduze kwesiqhingi esinamadwala phakathi kwamatshe (olwandle olujulile futhi oluhlala ezinhlanzini zamanzi avulekile ezimeni eziningi alunamibala emibalabala). Iziqhingi zihlukaniswe yilowo nalowo mzimba omkhulu wamanzi, futhi abakhileyo abalokothi bawele ukuwela. Ngakho-ke, isiqhingi ngasinye sine-ichthyofauna yaso ehlukile ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kombala wezinhlanzi. Isibonelo, i-pseudotrophyus zebra inezinhlobo ezine zemibala - enemibala, ephuzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nsomi (ifomu le-albino lisanda kuvela kuma-aquariums).

Badla ngokweqile. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo yi-algae, embozwe amatshe angaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukudoba emachibini iMalawi neTanganyika kugcwele ingozi, njengoba kutholakala izingwenya nemvubu kuzo, kutholakala ikativa enkulu kagesi. Kube khona icala lapho omunye wabambisi walunywa yi-cobra edonsayo, ekwazi ukuhlasela emanzini. Ama-olwandle kufanele abonge uPierre Brihard kanye nabalingani uPeter noHenny Davis, abahlala bebamba futhi bathumele izinhlanzi kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. IBrihard isebenzisa ngempumelelo i-anesthesin ekubambeni. Idivayisi elula iqukethe i-vinyl bubble ne-tube. Umzingeli ujova umthamo othile wamaphilisi okulala ku-crevice - kanti nenhlanzi elele isheshe iphume kuyo.

Imininingwane yedijithali yalawa amachibi iyazikhulumela. .

Ichibi EMalawi	ooh. Tanganyika
Indawo, km 2	30600	34000
Ukujula, m	740	1500
Ukusabela okusebenzayo kwamanzi (pH)	7,7−8,6	8,6−9,2
Inani lezinhlobo ezihlala echibini	417	217
kufaka phakathi i-cichlid	375	150

Ukubona indlela yokuziphatha kwama-cichlid amachibi aseMalawi naseTanganyika, kubonakala sengathi lezi zinhlanzi zenzelwe ukugcina ezindaweni zasemanzini. Ziyakwazi ukuhlobisa, zivumelane nezimo ezintsha, ezingamelana nezifo, ezinganciphisi ukudla, azidingi okushisa okuphezulu, zikhiqize endaweni efanayo yazo. Kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi inhlanzi ayikubekezeleli ukuswakama kwamanzi athambile kanye nokusabela kwe-acidic. Amanzi anobunzima obungu-10 kuya ku-20 ° ku-pH ka-7 kuya ku-8.5, ichibi elikhulu elinamaphephelo amaningi nokushisa okungama-25 ° yizimo ezifanele izinhlanzi.

Lapho ugcina ama-cichlids, kufanele kubhekwe kuzinhlobo zezinhlobo zazo, ngoba kwabaningi babo kunokuqukethwe "kwehrem".

Imvamisa phakathi kwabesilisa bohlobo olufanayo izimpi ezingenampilo ziqhamuka. Abesilisa bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene bahlala ngokuthula nangokuzwana.

Ngokwanda umuntu angawuzwa umbono wokuthi ama-cichlid aqhamuka kumachibi aseMalawi naseTanganyika, njengama-cichlids ajwayelekile ezindawo ezishisayo, kufanele agcinwe endaweni ephakeme yasemanzini, futhi izindawo zokukhosela akufanele zibekwe phansi, kepha ngesimo sepiramidi esuka emhlabathini iye phezulu. Ngalo mhlobiso, izinhlanzi ziphila zibheka ngaphandle kokuntanta kude nendawo yazo.

Ukukhishwa kabusha kwama-cichlid aseMalawi naseTanganyika

Izinsikazi zezinye izinhlobo zithwala amaqanda noFry emlonyeni wazo, kanti ezinye zibeka amaqanda endaweni yokukhosela. Uma okokuqala kungaba lula ukuthola ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwenzekile ngendlela owesifazane azama ngayo ukuthatha umhlalaphansi futhi ahlala ehlafuna amaqanda, khona-ke esimweni sesibili umuntu angafunda ngokukhafula kuphela ngesimo esijabulisayo sombhangqwana noma lapho uFry avela ematsheni. Abakhiqizi abami ngaphezu kwe-caviar, bathande amaphiko ayo, njengoba sasijwayele ukubona phakathi kwama-cichlid, kepha bayivikela kuphela engcupheni, ngokuchotshoza yonke into engabonakala isolisayo.

Photo Lake Malawi

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda kuma-cichlid eLake Malawi, asithwala emlonyeni, aqala ezinsukwini eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-45. Ikhishwe ngo-10-12 mm gry ziyakwazi ukudla ama-crustaceans amancane. Ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngemuva kokusakazeka, insikazi iyabanjwa futhi idluliselwe ku-40-litre aquarium enamazinga aphansi amanzi athathwe e-aquarium ejwayelekile, ngokucebisa kwayo okuningi nge-oxygen. Owesifazane akadli phakathi nesikhathi sokufakwa. Ukuzalanisa okuphumelelayo kuncike ngokuphelele kowesifazane, okuthi, ngeshwa, kuvame ukudla i-caviar. Manje ama-aquarists aseMoscow asungule indlela yokuzalela ama-cichlids: amaqanda athathwa kowesifazane lapho esanda kuqala ukukhula. Ngalo msebenzi olula, ukuzalanisa kuba nengqondo.

Fry, ukukhula kwakhe okwenzeka endaweni yokukhosela, kuncane, kepha ngokuthambekela kwemvelo komzingeli. Bahlala bahlasela isisulu, baze basidlule ngobukhulu.

Imininingwane ejwayelekile

Ama-cichlids ase-Afrika angabizwa kufanele ngokuthi inhlanzi enamanzi amnandi kakhulu anemibala. Alikho iqembu elilodwa elinemibala ehlukahlukene kanjalo. Isibalo esikhulu sezinhlobo zezilwane sitholakala ngokuyinhloko emaLukwini amabili aseGreater - Malawi (Nyasa) kanye neTanganyika. La machibi akudala kakhulu e-tectonic asephenduke uhla lwangempela lokuqagela. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokweqile nezimo zokuphila ezikhethekile kwaholela ekutheni kusukela ezinhlotsheni eziningana zokuqala sithole amaqembu ahlukahlukene enhlanzi.

Ukubukeka

Ngokubukeka, ama-cichlid ase-Afrika ahluke kakhulu. Imvamisa banomzimba omude, omnyama. Ama-anal kanye nama-dorsal fins athuthuke kahle, emadodeni kuvame ukuba yinde. Kwezinye izinhlobo (ngokwesibonelo, i-frontosis), ukuba khona kokuphuma kwekhanda kuyinto egqamile.

Umbala ezinhlotsheni eziningi uyakhanya futhi uyathandeka. Lokhu kuvumela ama-cichlid ase-Afrika ukukhomba izihlobo zabo kusuka kude. Okokuqala, ngezimfanelo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa zama-cichlids ase-Afrika, ayaziswa ngabasubathi basemhlabeni wonke jikelele. Ngaphezu kwemibala yemvelo, abafuyi bezithelo bathola ukuhluka kombala okuhlukile okungatholakala kuphela e-aquarium.

I-Haplochromis cornflower. Ukubukeka

Habitat

Izinhlobo eziningi zama-cichlid ase-Afrika zigxile ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga yezwekazi. Ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kungatholakala emaGreat African Lakes - Malawi (Nyasa), Tanganyika, Victoria kanye nezinye. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyaqhuma futhi azihlali kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zamachibi, izinhlobo zemifula nazo ziyatholakala. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-cichlid ase-Afrika avela ezinhlanzini zasemanzini ezifudukayo, okuqinisekiswa ngokungaqondile ikhono lezinye izinhlobo ukubekezelela usawoti owandayo.

Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi eLake Malawi

Aulonokara

I-Aulonocara (Aulonocara), noma i-African Akar - isiphetho eLake Malawi (Nyasa). Uncamela ama-sandbanks.

Umzimba uphakama, ikhanda likhulu, inhlaka yamadina yinde. Ama-recesses wesimilo atholakala ekhanda, awahlukanisa namanye ama-cichlids. Ngokusobala, lesi yisitho sokuzwa. Abantu abasha nabesifazane kulezi cichlids zaseMalawi zinemibala ethobekile: umzimba ompunga onemivimbo emnyama namabala. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa abakhulayo bashintsha umbala wabo ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-tint yensimbi. Amaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kumbala we-anal, amawolintshi noma aphuzi angatholakala. Izinhlanzi ezigqamile ngemibala emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi zazibizwa nge- "peacock cichlid." Ubukhulu bale cichlid yaseMalawi e-aquarium buyi-8-20 cm.I-aquarium enkulu yamalitha angama-80 umbhangqwana ngamunye iyadingeka ukuze inakekelwe.

Isisekelo sokudla ukudla kwezilwane. Lapho zifuna inyamazane, izinhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi zibanda ngaphandle kokuhamba ngaphezulu kwesihlabathi, futhi ngosizo lwezimbobo ezibucayi zibamba ukunyakaza okuncane kwama-invertebrates ngaphansi komhlaba, emva kwalokho zisheshe zigijime zibambe inyamazane.

Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zama-cichlid aseMalawi zokuzigcina emanzini yi-Queen Nyasa, Aulonokara violet kanye ne-Aulonkara Mailanda.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ama-aulonocars ahlala e-aquarium iminyaka engafika ku-8.

I-Pseudotrophy

Ama-pseudotrophies, njengama-aulonocars, atholakala kuphela eLake Malawi. Bahlala phakathi kwamadwala amatshe, amatshe namathanga. Bangamalungu eqembu "Mbuna", elihumusha ngokuthi "ahlala ematsheni."

E-aquarium, imvamisa ifinyelela usayizi oyi-10cm cm. Umbala womzimba wabantu bemvelo uvame ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa-ke, kusiko le-aquarium ungathola imibala enkulu ehlukahlukene. Isisekelo sokudla yi-algae, izinhlanzi ezihlatshwa emadwaleni ngosizo lwamazinyo akhethekile we-grater. Lapho igcinwa emanzini, lokhu kufanele kubhekwe. Ukondla isikhathi eside kokudla kwezilwane kukodwa kuzoholela ezinkingeni zokugaya.

Ukulungiswa, udinga i-aquarium kusuka kumalitha ayi-100 ngombhangqwana ngamunye.

Ihlobene nama-cichlid aseMalawi, afaka i-caviar emgodini womlomo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusinda okuphezulu kwefry.

Abamele abaziwayo: Pseudotrophy pendani (Sokolof), Pseudotrophy paw paw, Pseudotrophy Demasoni.

I-Pseudotrophy

I-Melanochromis

Igama lohlobo luvela e-Latin "melanochromis", okusho ukuthi "umbala omnyama." Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngobuningi bezindawo ezimnyama, ezicishe zibe mnyama ngombala wabantu abadala. Izinhlanzi azinemivimbo eqonde mpo, kunemigqa emibili kuphela. Ezindodeni ezivuthiwe ngokobulili, imibala inversion ihlala ivela - imivimbo emnyama iba ukukhanya futhi okuphambene nalokho. Lokhu kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-6-7 izinyanga.

IMelanochromis yinhlanzi eyizidlakudla, ezinye ziyisimangaliso (ingxenye yesitshalo kufanele ibe yingxenye yokudla).

Ukuze ulondoloze iqembu lezinhlanzi, kudingeka i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu. I-aquarium enkudlwana, engcono. Izinhlanzi zizungeza kakhulu izwe, ngakho-ke inani elikhulu lezindawo zokukhosela libalulekile.

Ukuzalela kulula, akudingi isenzo esengeziwe. ICaviar ifakwe emlonyeni.

Abamele abaziwayo: UMelanochromis igolide, Melanochromisesiya, Melanochromis chipoka.

I-Melanochromis

I-Trophyus

Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala eLake Tanganyika. I-biotope ejwayelekile ikhumbuza kakhulu isimo sendawo yeqembu laseMalawi uMbuna. Uhlobo lincane kakhulu, luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela. Igama laleli qembu livela egameni lesiGrikhi "trophos", elisho "ukufundisa" futhi libonisa indlela yokuthwala i-fry emgodini womlomo, isimilo sazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane.

Kwabahlali bendawo, izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo azinanzuzo enkulu yokuhweba, kodwa ukuhlobisa kwabo kuyathandeka kakhulu kubasolwandle.

Lama-cichlid yi-Tanganyika herbivorous, umlomo uguqulwa ukuze usike i-algae ematsheni.

Izinhlanzi zinolaka impela, ngakho-ke i-aquarium yezinhlobo ingaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina. Ukusabalalisa ubudlova, kubalulekile ukuqukatha umhlambi wabantu abangu-13- 13, ngakho-ke umthamo omncane ophakanyisiwe we-aquarium kulezi cichlids zeTanganyiki ungamalitha angama-300. Kungcono uma amanzi enzima ne-alkaline, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ngo-24-26 ° C.

Abamele Abaziwayo: Star Trophy, Trophy Moore.

I-Trophyus

I-Lamprologus

Isiphelo seLake Tanganyika. Izinhlanzi azinombala ogqamile, kunalokho azifani, ngemibala ye-pastel. Intshisakalo phakathi kwama-aquarists ngokuyinhloko ibangelwa yindlela yokuziphatha ehehayo, indlela engajwayelekile yokuzala nokunakekela izingane. Izinhlanzi kulula kakhulu ukuzinakekela futhi azinandaba nezitshalo.

E-aquarium khula kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-10 cm.

Ezweni lethu, la ma-cichlids ahlekisayo iTanganyika ebizwa ngokuthi "igobolondo." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi impilo yonke yabasebenza ngamalambu ixhumeke ngokungalingani negobolondo elingenalutho lama-gastropods (ampullaria, iminenke yamagilebhisi, njll.). I-echibhi isebenza njengesiphephelo nendawo yokuhlala.

Izinhlanzi ezifunda isikole, zigcinwa kakhulu ngamaqembu. Kula ma-cichlid weTanganyika, i-aquarium yamalitha angama-40 nge-pair ngayinye kufanelekile Kungcono ukukhetha inhlabathi enesihlabathi. Kuyadingeka ukubeka inani elikhulu lamagobolondo angenalutho osayizi abahlukahlukene e-aquarium, izinhlanzi ngokwazo zizokhetha ezifanele.

ICaviar ibekwe echibini, izingane zifihle endaweni efanayo uphawu lokuqala lwengozi. Imvamisa, isizukulwane esidala sihlala nabazali baso.

Abamele abaziwayo: I-Ophthalmic lamprologus, isibani sekhanda lesibhakabhaka se-Lion, i-Simrologis isibani.

I-Lamprologus

I-Yulidochromis

Abantu bomdabu beLake Tanganyika. Lezi zinhlanzi ezinokuthula zihlukaniswa ngesimo somzimba eside nekhanda elikhomba. Umlomo ophansi, dorsal fin isikhathi eside futhi ubukhali. Emzimbeni kukhona amabala, usayizi wemibala nokwakheka kwawo kungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ngithole nenombolo enkulu yezindlela zokuzalela. Lezi cichlid zeTanganyika zi-phlegmatic kakhulu, zikwazi ukukhipha umoya isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa, ezivame ukwethusa abanikazi, kepha akufanele ukwesabe ngalokhu, lokhu kuziphatha kuyindlela yokusabela kwabalaleli kuphela.

Isikhathi sokuphila e-aquarium singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-12.

Ukuzalela akunzima, kungenzeka kokubili ku-aquarium ejwayelekile nasekusakazeni.

Izinhlobo ezidumile: UJulidochromis Regani, uJulidochromis Dickfield, uJulidochromis Marfer.

I-Yulidochromis

Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa

Ama-cichlid amaningi ase-Afrika akhulu ngosayizi, ngakho-ke kudingeka ama-aquarium amakhulu ukugcina lezi zinhlanzi - kusuka kumalitha ayi-100-250 nge-jozi. Izinhlanzi zithanda amanzi amsulwa, acebile komoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukuhlunga okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokuphakama. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amatshe aqhakazile njengamhlabathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-cichlid amaningi ase-Afrika athanda ukumba inhlabathi futhi, ngokunganaki, angagwinya itshe elincane. Lapho ukuhlobisa i-aquarium, amatshe wemvelo avame ukulingisa i-biotopes yemvelo yemvelo. Kuyadingeka ukwakha inani elikhulu lezindawo zokufihla ikhanda ukuze abantu ababuthakathaka bakwazi ukucasha ekuhlaselweni komakhelwane abanolaka.

Umhlambi wamacala

Izindawo zezinhlanzi zemvelo zitholakala endaweni eshisayo, ngakho-ke ama-cichlid ase-Afrika yi-thermophilic. Izinga lokushisa ku-aquarium kumele ligcinwe ku-24-27 ° C. Amapharamitha wamanzi echibini ayahluka, ngakho-ke, ukudala izimo ezintofontofo, kubalulekile ukwazi imvelaphi yohlobo oluthile.

Ichibi laseMalawi: pH = 7.0-8.0, ubunzima 10-18 dGH.

ILake Tanganyika: pH = 8.0-9.0, ubunzima 10-25 dGH.

Lapho ugcina ama-cichlid ase-Afrika, ungakunaki ushintsho lwamanzi lwamasonto onke, kufanele enze ama-30% wevolumu ye-aquarium.

Ama-cichlids ase-Afrika ahambisana kahle nezitshalo eziphilayo. Zizohlala zibhoboza amaqabunga bese zibukela phansi izimpande. Uma usunesifiso sokutshala imifino yemvelo, ke kungcono ukunaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-anubias (izitshalo ezilukhuni ezingakhula ngaphandle kokutshala emhlabathini).

Ama-cichlid amachibi ase-Afrika yizinhlanzi ezidume kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-aquarium ngesitayela se- "pseudo-sea".

Ukuvumelana

Ama-cichlid amachibi ase-Afrika ayizinhlanzi zomhlaba wonke. Lo mzuzu kufanele ubhekwe lapho ukhetha omakhelwane ku-aquarium ejwayelekile.

Cishe wonke ama-cichlid eLake Malawi ayahambelana, kepha imithetho ethile kumele ibhekwe uma kugcinwa:

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqinisekisa umthamo owanele we-aquarium nenani elikhulu lendawo yokuhlala.
Okwesibili, ungagcina ndawonye izinhlanzi ezicishe zibe ngosayizi ofanayo, ngoba izinhlamvu ezinkulu zingacasula izingane.
Okwesithathu, abantu baseMalawi kumele bagcinwe ngababili noma ngamaqembu ngobuningi besifazane.
Ekugcineni, leli qembu lama-cichlid akufanele likhethwe njengomakhelwane bezinhlanzi ezivela eLake Tanganyika naseNingizimu Melika, ngenxa yezimo ezihlukene zokuboshwa.

Ngeshwa, le mithetho ayiniki isiqinisekiso se-100% sokulawulwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane, ngoba inhlanzi ngayinye inobuhlakani obuphakeme futhi inomlingiswa ohlukile, ngakho-ke ukubikezela ukusebenza kwayo kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

I-cichlids aquarium yase-Afrika

Amanye amalungu kweminye imindeni angaba khona nama-cichlid ase-Afrika endaweni evamile ejwayelekile. Isibonelo, izivakashi ezivame kuma-cichlid: ama-shark barbs, ama-labeos amakhulu, i-catfish enkulu (i-pterigoplichitis, i-synodontis, njll.)

Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezincane, kanye ne-shrimp, zingaba ukudla kokuphila kwama-cichlids athandwayo.

Isibonelo se-cichlid yase-Afrika ezolile nenobuthi yi-lemon labidochromis (i-cichlid ephuzi, i-hummingbird cichlid). Le nhlobo ethanda ukuthula ihlangana kahle nezinhlanzi ezinamakati aphakathi nendawo futhi zibonisa ulaka oluphakeme kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Ukondla

Ukondliwa okufanele kwama-cichlids ase-Afrika kuya ngezinhlobo ezithile.Phakathi kweqembu elinjalo elihlukile, ungathola bobabili abadla inyama bedla ezinye izinhlanzi, igobolondo kanye nezibungu, kanye nama-imifino (ama-cichlid aseMalawi eqembu leMbuna). Khetha ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuyadingeka ngokuya ngohlobo lokudla kwakho. Ukukhetha okuhle kwama-cichlids kuzoba okuphakelayo okwomile okwenziwe ngeTetra. Zonke zazo zinezilinganiso ezigcwele futhi zilinganiselana, zakhiwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi zibheka izici zokudla okunempilo zamaqembu ngamanye ezinhlanzi. Umugqa wokudla weTetra Cichlid uzokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe kalula ukudla okulungile kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-cichlids ase-Afrika, ngoba atholakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: okusanhlamvu, ama-chip, amalambu, izinduku. Ikhulukazi ama-cichlid aseMalawi, okuphakelwa okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-spirulina algae - iTetra Malawi - kwasungulwa.

Ukuzala

Ukudalwa kabusha kwezinhlobo eziningi zama-cichlid ase-Afrika e-aquarium akunzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusakazeka okuzenzakalelayo endaweni ehlala kuyo lapho udala izimo ezintofontofo akuyona into engjwayelekile. Mhlawumbe, omakhelwane kuphela e-aquarium abangabhekana nobunzima, ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhula ngisho nezinhlobo ezinokuthula kakhulu zama-cichlids ziphenduka izidalwa ezinolaka, zigada inzalo yazo ngolaka.

Ngokuvamile i-caviar ibekwa kunoma iyiphi indawo eyisicaba: amatshe, amaqabunga ezitshalo, ingilazi ye-aquarium. Izinhlanzi ze-Laprologus zibeka amaqanda kuphela kumagobolondo angenalutho we-gastropod mollusks, ngakho-ke, ukuzalanisa lezi zinhlanzi e-aquarium, kuzodingeka ukuqoqa amagobolondo. Ama-cichlid amaningi ase-Afrika athwalela inzalo ngomlomo. Lapha ukhula ngokuphepha okuphelele ezitheni. Izinhlanzi zinomqondo wemvelo okhuliswe kakhulu wabazali. Kunamacala aziwayo lapho imibhangqwana ngamanye intshontsha amaqanda ezinhlotsheni ezingomakhelwane futhi ayinakekele.

I-Tilapia nefry

Ngemuva kokuvela kokwehla, umuzwa awupheleli, isikhashana aqhubeke acashe emlonyeni wowesifazane kusibonakaliso sokuqala sengozi.

Ama-cichlids amaningi ase-Afrika ayindidane futhi akha amabala azinzile wokuphila. Izinhlobo ezithile (izibani zezibani) zihlala emiphakathini. Izizukulwane eziningana zezinhlanzi zihlangana kahle, eziqala ukuzakhela imindeni yazo futhi zihlale eduze.

I-Cannibalism of Fry iyinto evamile phakathi kwama-cichlid, ngakho-ke, njengoba izinhlanzi zikhula, kufanele zihlelwe ngosayizi.

Izinhlobo zama-Cichlids:

IT h o p h i u s uhlobo lwezinhlanzi zase-aquarium ezikhula endaweni eyi-aquarium yasekhaya ukuya kufinyelela ku-12- 15 cm. Igama lezinhlobo libonisa ukufakwa kwamaqanda emlonyeni. I-Trophyus inombala ogqamile, umzimba mude ngokulingana futhi uphakeme kakhulu. Azivikeli ngokushesha kokuqukethwe futhi ihlangana kahle nezinye izinhlobo zama-cichlids (amachibi aseMalawia nawaseMelika), awalwi. Zikunikeza wena nokuhlukaniswa kwakho kwe-aquarium nokuhlukahluka ngenxa yokutholakala kwalezi zinhlanzi ezinhle zase-Ukraine. Ubulili bezinhlanzi bunzima kakhulu ukunquma, ukwahlulela ngombala wayo kuphela. Izitshalo ezise-aquarium zithandelwa ukufakelwa okwenziwe ngobuciko, okungcono ukuba khona kwamatshe, izingxande kanye nezindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene. Ekuzondleni, izinhlanzi azizona ezibusayo - zingabadli abahle kakhulu be-algae, zibuye zidle ukudla kwezitshalo nokuqandisiwe, kanye nokudla okwomile okunokuqukethwe okwanele kwe- "spirulina".

I p h o k h o r h o m i s - le inhlobo ibizwa ngegama ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala, futhi nangebala lomzimba. Zonke izinhlanzi ze-aquarium zalolu hlobo zinokuqina okumi ngomzimba kokuma komzimba. Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo emvelweni zidla ikakhulu ezintweni ezixegayo zamadwala kanye nolwelwe. Izinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu nezinhle e-aquarium ziyathakazelisa kokubili ekudleni kanye nasekubukeni kokuziphatha. Ulaka oluncane, kepha lokhu akusona isithiyo lapho ugcina izinhlanzi esikoleni namanye ama-cichlid eLake Tanganyika. E-Ukraine, ziyaheha ngoba ziyaqabukela. I-Petrochromis, okungekho okuyinkinga kokuqukethwe, kuyanda futhi kugcwalisa izindawo zasemanzini emhlabeni wonke.

I l o m u k u k u k u s o k o g o s - igama lalezi zinhlobo liqukethe amagama amabili futhi limele ukuthi: "altus" - phezulu, okubonisa ubunjalo bomzimba obuphakeme baleli hlobo lwenhlanzi yezinhlanzi zase-aquarium kanye ne- "lamprologus" - okubonisa ubumbano nohlobo lwesibane. Izinhlanzi ezinhle ze-aquarium zomndeni we-perch-like. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ubungako bezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo bungamasentimitha ayi-6 kuya kwengama-12 ubude, kepha njengoba isilinganiso sokuphakama kuya kubude bubalelwa ku-3: 1 yinhlanzi enkulu futhi evelele, futhi ibukeka kahle e-aquarium. Ngeke zenze izinkinga nge-aquarium yakho futhi zizosiza ukuyenza ikhetheke ngokwengeziwe.

I k o d i y o h h o o m i s - lezi zinhlanzi zasemanzini zihlala kuwo wonke umkhawulo weLake Tanganyika. Igama laqhamuka ezinhlanzini zasemanzini uJulidid - njengoba lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ziyafana ngobuhlakani. Banesakhiwo somzimba nezinduna ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Umzimba uphakeme futhi u-oval, kanti amazinyo amancanyana mude futhi anemisebe engaphezu kwama-20. Ungowomndeni we-perch-like. Ngobude, izinhlanzi zikhula zibe ngu-10 cm, ngokuya ngezinhlobo. Hhayi inhlanzi enolaka, ulaka oluncane luvela ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Babukeka bebahle kakhulu kuma-aquarium futhi balungele i-pseudo-sea aquarium, ngoba ifana kakhulu nezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ekulondolozeni, ukondla nokukhiqiza kabusha izinkinga akubonwa.

I k i y o i y i p i a - igama lalesi sakhi selivela e-Latin 'kyphos' - i-hump, emuva futhi lihlobene ne-'bump 'ebunzini. Abantu bale nhlobo banesigaxa esikhulu sangaphambili, ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa abadala. Zonke izinhlaka ezihlala eLake Tanganyika zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezi-6 ngokuya ngokubukeka kwazo.Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zihlala kuzo zonke izifunda zeLake Tanganyika ekujuleni okukhulu. Insikazi ifaka i-caviar emlonyeni. I-dimorphism yocansi ishiwo kahle - insikazi incane futhi ibuthakathaka kunowesilisa. Emvelweni, izisulu ezifika esidlangalaleni zifinyelela kubukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-35. Bonke abantu balolu hlobo bafana ngokufana futhi ukwakheka komzimba kanye nemibala (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe) futhi kuhluke ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe, ubukhali bemivimbo, usayizi kuya endaweni yokubamba. E-aquarium, azishwabanisi nawo wonke ama-cichlids, kepha kunenqwaba yama-cichlid abaziphatha ngokuthula, ikakhulukazi lapho begcina izinhlanzi kanye nobudala befry. Babukeka bebahle kakhulu kuma-aquariums amakhulu anezindawo zamatshe ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I k u k u k u k u k u s o k o se - igama lohlobo luvela ezinhlangothini ezicwebezelayo zomzimba. Bonke abantu balolu hlobo lobuciko banemivimbo emincane emnyama eqondile eqonde emzimbeni, emnyama kancane kunombala womzimba uqobo. Banomzimba ophakeme futhi oyisicaba. Amasayizi abamele le nhlobo aqala ku-4 cm kuye kuma-20 cm. Ngokuvamile anomlomo omkhulu onamazinyo abukhali obucayi. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane kunzima impela. Zitholakala kuwo wonke amagumbi echibi nakuzo zonke izifundazwe lapho kukhona khona iLake Tanganyika. Emvelweni, adla kuma-crustaceans kanye nama-larvae; e-aquarium, kulula ukubuyisa ama-cyclops kanye ne-artemia kanye ne-flake feed. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala - ngakho-ke, amatshe namatshe kufanele kube semanzini.

ILin Tang Lake mude kunayo yonke iplanethi, ifinyelela kude nebanga elingama-670 km futhi enye yezulu elijulile emhlabeni (1470 m - ukujula okukhulu). Itholakala ngokushesha ezifundweni ezi-4: iTanzania, Zaire, iZambia neBurundi.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, wena ngokwakho uyaqonda ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlala kuzo. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200, kodwa ngeshwa akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezihlala ngaphandle kwechibi. ILake Tanganyika, okuyiwona amade kakhulu futhi engenye yamachibi ajule kakhulu emhlabeni, inezici ezithile ezikhethekile zamanzi, izitshalo nezilwane.

Ngakho-ke, ekuxazululeni kwama-cichlid aleli chibi echibini lamanzi, kuyadingeka ukuphinda izimo ezifanele, kepha lokhu akunzima kangako ngokubonisana kwethu. Ama-cichlid echibi lamachibi aseTanganika anesici esihlukanisayo sokuthi la makhonkco alungele kakhulu ukwakha kabusha i-aquarium ebizwa ngokuthi yi-pseudo-sea.

Zonke zinemibala egqamile, ziyagqama futhi zinemidwebo eqinile futhi ecacile nemigqeni. Izinhlanzi ezaziwa kakhulu nezidumile zamachibi aseTanganyika ama-trophies, i-cythotilapia, yulidochromis, neolamprologus, i-altolamprologus ne-petrochromis.

ukunakekela nokunakekela i-aquarium yakho!

Mahhala
izinombolo zeselula e-Ukraine

CYCLIDES of Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika - Pskov

Pseudotrophies - Amapharele aseMalawi

ILake Malawi (Nyasa) lichibi lesithathu ngobukhulu phakathi kwamaLwandle amakhulu ase-Afrika. Inomsuka we-tectonic, okungukuthi, kuyiphutha phakathi kwamapuleti e-lithospheric agcwele amanzi. Ukuvela okungafani nokwazihlukanisa ngokweqile kwenza leli chibi laba yindawo yokuqagela yangempela.
Veza ngokugcwele ... Inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi litholakala lapha kuphela, eziningi zazo azikabi nayo incazelo yesayensi. Enye yezakhamuzi zamachibi ezithandwa kakhulu e-aquarium yi-pseudotrophy, okuzoxoxwa ngayo esihlokweni sethu.

I-Pseudotrophyus Zebra (Maylandia zebra)

Pseudotrophyus Demasoni (Chindongo demasoni)

I-Pseudotrophaeus Lombardo (Maylandia lombardoi)

Pseudotrophheus Acei (Pseudotropheus sp. "Acei")

I-Pseudotrophyus red (Maylandia estherae)

Pseudotrophyus elongatus Mpanga (Chindongo elongatus Mpanga)

I-Pseudotrophaeus pindani (Chindongo socolofi)

I-Pseudotrophheus saalon (Chindongo saulosi)

I-Pseudotrophheus mayngano (Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos)

I-Pseudotropheus Johane (Pseudotropheus johannii)

Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa

Ukuzalela nokuzalela

I-Pseudotrophheus (i-Pseudotropheus sp.) Uhlobo lwenhlanzi enamanzi ama-ray-fin avela kumndeni wakwaCichlov. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, zitholakala eLake Malawi (Nyasa). Bangamalungu eqembu leMbuna, okusho ukuthi "izinhlanzi ezihlala ematsheni." Kwakungekhona ngengozi ukuthi izinhlanzi zithole igama elinjalo. Bahlala ngasogwini olunamadwala, lapho bathola khona indawo yokukhosela nokudla okuyinhloko - i-algae, edwetshwe ngamazinyo akhethekile.
Ama-pseudotrophies izinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphakathi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nokufutheka okulinganiselayo, okubenza babe enye yama-cichlid abathandwa kakhulu ngabasubathi basemanzini.
I-taxonomy yohlobo ibuyekezwa kaninginingi, futhi kwenziwa izinguquko kuyo ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva, okubonisa kuphela ulwazi oluncane lwe-ichthyofauna yeLake Malawi.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ze-pseudotrophaeus ziyakwazi ukufelana, ngakho-ke inkinga yokugcina "umugqa ohlanzekile" ku-aquarium isasebenza.

Ukubukeka
Ama-pseudotrophies anomumo womzimba owenziwe nge-torpedo futhi akhula afinyelela kuma-9-12 cm.Ikhanda elinezindebe ezinkulu nezinamafutha, amazinyo atholakala emgodini womlomo wokugaya ulwelwe. I-dorsal fin isuka ekhanda iye emsileni, imvama iba nokufiphaza. I-anal fin iyakhonjwa, inezindawo zokukhanya okusaqanda okuningana. Umsila ulindwe munye.
Ngokuqondene nokufaka imibala, yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka ingatholakala kubamele baleli qembu: obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, njll. Izinhlobo eziningi zinezinhlanga ezihlukile zezwe, ezibuye zihluke ngombala wesikali. Emzimbeni, kukhona imichilo eguquguqukayo yobukhulu obahlukahlukene.

Isikhathi sokuphila e-aquarium sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10.

Habitat
Ama-pseudotrophies aqhelele eLake Malawi (e-Afrika). Lesi siqiwu se-tectonic sabangela izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi. Zihlala eduze kwamaphethelo amatshe, lapho zidla khona kakhulu kuma-algae akhula ematsheni, izibungu ezincane zezinambuzane, kanye nezimbaza.
Abesilisa bahlala endaweni ethile futhi bayivikela ngomhawu. Abesifazane nabancane, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzala, baya emihlambini emincane.

I-Pseudotrophyus Zebra (Maylandia zebra)

Izimpilo eLake Malawi, kubandakanya neziqhingi zaseLikoma naseCisumulu.
Ifinyelela kusayizi ka-10-11 cm. Umzimba ubumbekile, ikhanda likhulu ngamehlo amakhulu. I-dorsal fin isezingeni eliphansi ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni, ukuphela kwayo kukhonjwa. Umbala uhlukahluka: o-orange, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama nomhlophe futhi omnyama ngombala omnyama. Abesifazane bancane futhi bagcwele ukwedlula abesilisa, futhi emadodeni ku-anal fin kukhona izindawo ezikhanyayo ze-orange.
Umthamo omncane ophakanyisiwe we-upkeep ngamalitha angama-200. Izinhlanzi ezinamandla futhi ezingaphili. Kufanele okungenani kube nabantu besifazane abangama-2-3 kowesilisa ngamunye.

Pseudotrophyus Demasoni (Chindongo demasoni)

Ihlala emanzini angajulile eLake Malawi eceleni kogu lwaseTanzania esifundeni esaziwa ngokuthi amaPombo Rocks.
Ubukhulu bomuntu obudala abudluli ku-7 cm. Umbala wenhlanzi umelwe ukushintshwa kwemichilo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Naphezu kosayizi wabo omncane, ama-cichlid adinga umthamo obalulekile we-aquarium - kusuka kumalitha ayi-150. Ukubukeka komhlaba kanye nolaka. Abesilisa bayakwazi ukuhlasela omakhelwane, ngisho nangaphezu kobukhulu bawo. Kungcono ukugcina i-harem yowesilisa nowesifazane abaningi.

I-Pseudotrophaeus Lombardo (Maylandia lombardoi)

Ihlala eLake Malawi eduze naseMbenges nase Namalenie Islands.
Okwamanje, izinhlobo zidluliselwe kuGen Maylandia. Ubukhulu obukhulu bufika ku-10 cm. I-dimorphism ebizwayo ebekiwe inezimpawu zezinhlanzi: owesilisa aphuzi ngombala ngemivimbo emnyama, kanti izintokazi ziluhlaza ngombala ngemivimbo efanayo.
Ukulungiswa, udinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-200. Umbono unolaka futhi uyindawo. Iba ngcono kunowesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi.

Pseudotrophheus Acei (Pseudotropheus sp. "Acei")

Omunye omelele ama-cichlid aseMalawi, adonsela abasemanzini ngombala ogqamile. Ngokuya ngesifunda sendawo, ama-morphs amaningana ahluka ngombala ahlukaniswa, kepha ethandwa kakhulu yifomu elinomzimba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namaphiko aphuzi.
Ikhula ibe ngu-12-16 cm.Ihola umhlambi wempilo. Enye ye-pseudotrophies ezolile, ihlangana kahle namanye ama-cichlids alingene. Ukulungiswa, udinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-200.

I-Pseudotrophyus red (Maylandia estherae)

Kuhlala ingxenye yeLake Malawi eliseduze komngcele weMozambiki.
Ikhula ibe ngu-10 cm cm.I-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa. Abesilisa baluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo emnyama edlulayo; amabala ku-anal fin. Umbala wezinsikazi uhluka kusuka ku-beige brownish kuya ku-orange-red. Kunemibala eminingana yemibala.
Ukulungiswa, udinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-200. Izinhlanzi ezinesihluku ezingakwazi ukuhlasela kalula hhayi kuphela izimbangi, kepha nezesifazane nezinye izinhlanzi. Kungcono ukugijima owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi e-aquarium.

Pseudotrophyus elongatus Mpanga (Chindongo elongatus Mpanga)

Isiphelo seLake Malawi, sihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga eduze nedolobhana laseChilumba.
Inhlanzi ikhula ize ibe ngu-10 cm ubude. Umbala womzimba omningi umelelwa ngokushintshana okumnyama okwesibhakabhaka nemikhambo eluhlaza okotshani. Zonke izinkezo zinomngcele omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama. I-Caudal fin ne-dorsal ephetha ophuzi okhanyayo.
Umthamo omncane ophakanyisiwe we-aquarium uvela kumalitha angama-200. Uhlobo olunolaka nolwesabekayo, lugcinwa kahle kakhulu ku-aquarium yezinhlobo noma ngama-cichlids aseMalawi alinganayo.

I-Pseudotrophaeus pindani (Chindongo socolofi)

Ihlala engxenyeni yeLake Malawi, igeza ogwini lwaseMozambiki.
Ubukhulu obukhulu e-aquarium buyi-10-11 cm. Umzimba upendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaphiko anomngcele omnyama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwanga. Abesilisa abavuthiwe bangahlukaniswa izindawo ezigqamile kwi-anal fin.
Ukulungiswa, udinga i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-160. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zeqembu leMbuna, kuthule impela. Kungcono ukuqukethe owesilisa nowesifazane abaningana. Omakhelwane e-aquarium ejwayelekile, kungcono ukhethe ama-cichlids avumelekile noma amakhulu kune-Pindani pseudotrophy.
I-Pseudotrophheus saalon (Chindongo saulosi)

Okunye ukukhubazeka eLake Malawi. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu omdala awudluli ku-9 cm.I-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa. Insikazi iphuzi ngokugqamile. Iduna le-alpha lithatha umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo emnyama eshintshekayo. Izilwane zemvelo zezinhlobo zisondele ekuqothulweni.
Kuyadingeka ukugcina ezindaweni zasemanzini ezingama-200 amalitha noma ngaphezulu, izinsikazi ezi-2-3 kowesilisa ngamunye.

I-Pseudotrophheus mayngano (Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos)

Le nhlobo, eyayikade iyi-genus Melanochromis, ihlala ngasogwini lwesiqhingi seLikoma ekujuleni kuka-3 kuya ku-10 m.
Ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulu bungamasentimitha ayi-10. Umbala omkhulu womzimba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onemibala eminingana eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaphiko nomsila nazo zinomkhawulo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kungcono ukugcina ku-aquariums kusuka kumalitha angama-200. Abesilisa banendawo futhi abanandaba. Kungcono ukubeka i-harem yowesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi e-aquarium.

I-Pseudotropheus Johane (Pseudotropheus johannii)

Uhlobo lolu lwatholakala okokuqala ngo-1937 futhi luhlala kuphela eLake Malawi ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-5. Kwenzeka kakhulu eduze namawa aseMasigne naseCape Ngombo.
Ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulu bungamasentimitha ayi-10. Owesilisa upendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo eqondile eqondile.Kuma-anal fin kukhona amabala okusaqanda okukhanya. Abantu abasha nabesifazane banombala we-orange -golide ngombala ngemivimbo ebonakalayo.
Ukubuka okuzolile. Ihlangana kahle namanye ama-cichlid alinganayo eLake Malawi. Abesilisa bayabekezelelana futhi bayizinhlanzi, ezifanayo ngombala. Kufanele kube nabantu besifazane abangu-2-4 kowesilisa ngamunye. Umthamo ophakanyisiwe we-aquarium uvela kumalitha ayi-130.

Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa

Amapharamitha alungile wamanzi okuqukethwe: T = 24-28 °, pH = 7.2-8.5, GH = 4-20.

Ama-Anubias angamelana nokuhlaselwa kwe-pseudotrophaeus ye-herbivorous

Ama-pseudotrophies, njengabanye abahlali baseLake Malawi, izinhlanzi zomhlaba futhi cishe angahlaseli imingcele yawo. Ngakho-ke, uma kungenzeka, zigcinwa kahle kakhulu kunhlobo lwezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ezitsheni ezinkulu, ungahlala nabanye abamele iMbuna: labidochromis, melanochromis, labotrophaeus, njll.
Lapho ugcina izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo, ungakhohlwa ukuhlinzeka inhlanzi ngenani elanele lezindawo zokukhosela futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina isilinganiso esifanele sobulili.

Ekulondolozweni kwe-pseudotrophies, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekunakekelweni kwesondlo esifanele. Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-60% okudla kwalawa ama-cichlids ukudla kwezitshalo. Ukondla isikhathi eside ngokudla okunamaprotheni aphezulu bukhoma noma aqandisiwe (amachaphaza egazi, ishubhu, njll.) Kungaholela ezinkingeni ngepheshana lesisu ngisho nokufa kwenhlanzi. Yebo, futhi okuphakelayo okunjalo uqobo kungaba umthombo wokutheleleka.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhetha ukudla okomile okusezingeni eliphakeme okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-algae:
1. ITetra Malawi - ukudla okuklanyelwe amasichlid aseMalawi eqenjini laseMbuna. Kutholakala ngesimo sama-flakes nama-granules, ama-40% aqukethe i-algae (spirulina, nori, chlorella). Wanelisa ngokugcwele izidingo zokudla okunomsoco kwama-cichlids e-herbivorous.
2. I-Tetra Cichlid Algae Mini - ukudla kwebhola okuqukethe i-spherulina. Iyadliwa kakhulu futhi ihlinzeka ngokuphelele i-melanochromis nazo zonke izakhamzimba.
3. I-TetraPro Algae - ama-chip alungiselelwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besimanje lokushisa eliphansi, okukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze amavithamini amaningi anempilo kakhulu. Isikhungo sokudla esiluhlaza siyindawo yokugxila kwe-spirulina algae.

Ukuzalela nokuzalela

Ukuzala i-pseudotrophyus akunzima ikakhulukazi. Bangakwazi ukuzala kalula ngisho nasesifeni esivamile. Ukuzala kwezilinganiso zabesifazane amaqanda angama-50. Insikazi ifumana amaqanda emlonyeni. Izindawo ezinamabala agqamile ku-anal fin yabesilisa zikhumbuza kakhulu i-caviar, ngakho-ke izintokazi zizama ukumbamba, ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa ukhipha ubisi lwakhe futhi afake umquba we-caviar.
I-incubation yinde impela - amasonto ama-2-4. Sonke lesi sikhathi, insikazi ayondli, kanti i-gry ikhula ngokugcwele. Ekuqaleni, nazo zicasha emlonyeni womama lapho kuqala uphawu lwengozi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukutshala izingane, ngesinye isikhathi abantu abadala bangadlela ku-gry.
Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-9 kuya ku-12 izinyanga ubudala.

CYCLIDES of Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika - Pskov

IPseudotrophyus iniselwa engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeLake Malawi emanzini aseLyon Bay. Kubhekiswa eqenjini elibizwa ngeMbuna. E-aquarium, ikhula ibe ngu-10 cm, insikazi i-8 cm. Ikhetha ama-biotopes amatshe nezindawo zokuguqula ngokujula okungamamitha ayi-10.
Lapho esaba, abesilisa ngokushesha balahlekelwa umbala wabo wesilisa othize futhi abakwazi ukwahlukanisa nabesifazane.
Bonisa okugcwele ...
Zidla ngokudla okufakwayo emadwaleni, kanye ne-zooplankton emanzini avulekile.Ekudleni, kubalulekile ukunamathela ekudleni okuxubile, lapho izakhi zezitshalo nezilwane zinesilinganiso sama-50 kuye kwangama-50. Iziqhwa ezinqenqemeni, idaphnia, i-corvette, i-artemia, kanye neyami ingenza njengokudla kwezilwane. Njengokudla kwezitshalo, ukudla okwomile okune-spirulina, ukhukhamba omusha, ulethisi, isipinashi, i-dandelion.
I-aquarium yevolumu edingekayo: kusuka kumalitha ayi-150 izingcezu eziningana, ivolumu ye-aquarium enconyiwe isuka kumalitha angama-200. Kungcono ukudala indawo enamadwala enezindawo eziningi zokukhosela, ama-grottoes, emihumeni.
I-Pseudotrophaeus inisele izinhlanzi ze-harem ngendoda ngayinye okungenani yabesifazane abungu-2. Lolu hlobo lukhombisa indlela ethakazelisa kakhulu yokuzala - insikazi ngemuva kokuzalela ithatha amaqanda emlonyeni wayo futhi iwafake emlonyeni wakhe kuze kuphele amasonto amathathu. Amaduna abopha futhi aqhamuke emlonyeni womama, kuyilapho owesifazana engadli amasonto amathathu.
Ukuhambisana: kuyahambelana nama-cichlid eLake Malawi, Victoria, chain-catfish, ezinye izinhlobo zama-cichlid eLake Tanganyika.
Pseudotropheus sp. "Ipolitiki" Maphakathi noFebhuwari 2003, ngithole iphakethe elincane kumthengisi wezinhlanzi wase-Sweden we-aquarium. Inothi elihambisanayo lakhombisa ukuthi ulufezile uhlelo lwami, yize kwakungelula, futhi njengesipho, ngemali encane, ungithumelela izinhlanzi ezi-6 ezimangalisayo uPseudotropheus sp. "Polit", osanda kufika kuye ezothola ikhefu, nokuthi lokhu kuyinto entsha ebanjwe eLake Malawi, eCove's Cove.

Ekuqaleni, izinhlanzi azizange ngibe nandaba nami; izinhlanzi ezine ezimpunga ezi-grey zazibhukuda ezikhwameni ezimbili, nezinhlanzi ezimbili, ngokusobala eyeduna, zonke zifana ne-Ps ngokubukeka kwazo. Sesolofi, ngosayizi ongu-7-8 cm. Sengibeke izinhlanzi endaweni ehlala abantu, ngathelela uMethylene oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho ngakhohlwa ngokuphila kwawo kuze kwaba sekuseni, ngazibonela nje ukuthi abantu baseScandinavians basengathengisa kanjani: isipho, ngisho nemali!

Ngemuva kwesonto, sengenze, kuleli cala, izinyathelo eziphoqelele zokuhlukaniswa nokwelashwa, ngakhipha inhlanzi ngiyifaka endaweni ebanzi enamanzi angama-400-litre. Ngaso sonke lesi sikhathi, umbala wezinhlanzi awukashintshi, ngaphandle kokuthi imibala ihlukile kakhulu. Bengiphumile edolobheni izinsuku ezimbili, futhi lapho ngibuya, akukho mkhawulo engangimangele: ukuthi la “madada amnyama” aluhlaza angaphenduka kanjani amaswidi amabili amahle kangaka.

Pseudotropheus sp. "I-Polit" yaqala yachazwa ngu-Ad Konings ngonyaka ka-1990 njengoPseudotropheus sp. "okuguqukayo". Ububanzi bemvelo balezi zinhlanzi abudluleli ngale kweNgonyama yeNgonyama, lapho ihlala khona ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Amadoda asemakhaya ahlala endaweni ecishe ibe yimitha elilodwa lesikwele, azivikele ngokuzithoba ezivakashini ezingamenyiwe, futhi engazibizeli ngokuzithoba ngokuzithandela elungele ukuganisa abesimame etsheni labo abalithandayo. Ethuke wonke umzimba wakhe futhi elele ngasohlangothini, uyikhombisa intokazi ingubo yayo enhle. Isidumbu senhlanzi esibhakabhaka sihlotshiswe ngesiga esimnyama sekhanda, sidlulela endaweni engaphandle, futhi, ingcosana yamaphinifa, ebunzini, ebhloka obumnyama obumnyama, cishe umucu omnyama udlula ngamehlo. Imisebe yokuqala yamaphiko we-ventral ine-edging emhlophe emhlophe. Owesilisa uyakwazi, njenge-chameleon, ukuguqula umbala wawo, ngomzuzwana owodwa uba mpunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo emile emzimbeni wonke. Kepha lapho ibona ophikisana naye, ngombala wamehlo, wembatha ingubo yayo yokwembeswa ehlobene nekhanda ngombhoshongo onsomi. Owesilisa ongaphansi kakhulu unombala ongaphansi, osele ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokulengisa okuthe mpo. Izinsikazi zidwetshwa ngothayela onsundu, lapho zondliwa ngamakhaza, umzimba uthola isigaxa esiminyene, i-fry inombala ofana nowesifazane, kepha ngokubomvu okukhulu.

Ubukhulu obukhulu be-P. sp. "I-Polit" - 12 cm, imvamisa ayidluli ku-10.5 cm, izinsikazi zincane. Izimo zokuthunjwa azihlukile kulezo zeqembu "iMbuna": Ph 7.2 - 8.5, izinga lokushisa lama-25- 28 degrees Celsius, DGh aze afike ku-20dH. I-Aeration, ukuhlunga kwamanzi kuchaziwe. I-aquarium kufanele ikhethwe nendawo enkulu kunazo zonke ezansi; kusukela kwezintathu kuya kwezintathu abesifazane kufanele babelwe owesilisa oyedwa. Ngokufanelekile, uma wakhe umhlambi weziduna ezimbili ezivelele nezinsikazi kuya kweziyi-15. Owesilisa omuhle, omuhle obukekayo "u-macho" wangempela, uzoxosha lowesifazane, ammemeze ezinhlangeni ezinwebekayo, noma ngabe enomlomo we-caviar. Nakekela izindawo zokukhosela eziningi zokufakelwa izinsikazi ngangokunokwenzeka, noma uzihlukanise namaphara. Abesilisa ababili abahamba phambili ngevolumu efanayo bayohlala bezilungiselela ukushayisana, bezwana ngomlomo wabo, kodwa-ke, lokhu akulimalanga kakhulu, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi bangahlangani. Izinsikazi zifukamela amaqanda emlonyeni cishe izinsuku ezingama-26. Azikhiqizi kakhulu, ubukhulu bazo ziyakwazi ukubekezelela okungekho ngaphezulu kwama-25 gazinga, ngokuvamile ayi-10-12. Ukuqala okuphakelayo - i-nauplii ye-Artemia Salina, ama-cyclops, izingxenyana ezincane zokudla ezomile.

Izinhlanzi ezindala zingama-imifino. Ekuthunjweni, ukudla kwesitshalo kuthathelwa indawo ngempumelelo ngokudla okuphakeme kwe-algae spirulina, ulethisi, isipinashi, amaqabunga amancane e-nettle, i-zucchini. Ukudla kwezilwane kufanele kube khona ekudleni kuze kufike ku-20% yenani. Ngincoma ukushintshanisa amavithamini nge-carotene ukuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwezinhlanzi nokwenza ngcono umbala.

I-aquarium yami yaseMalawi enomthamo wamalitha angama-400 inosayizi ongu-150x50x55 cm.Izindonga ezingezansi, ezingemuva nezingxenyeni ezithile zimbozwe ngemidwebo yangemuva eyenziwe nge-polystyrene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abasiki oshisayo baqamba izindwani belingisa amadwala. I-foam ihlanganiswe ngopende omnyama obumba izakhi ezimbili, nezendlalelo eziningana ze-epoxy zomshuwalense. Isihlabathi esihle somfula sithululelwa ezitsheni ezansi, imbobo eminingana ihlotshisiwe nengaphakathi, kufakwe i-fern yaseThai kubo. Ngenxa yobude be-aquarium, izinsikazi ezimbili ezivelele zihlangana kahle, zihlanganyela insimu nomuntu wesilisa ovuthiwe uLabidochromis caeruleus "ophuzi", okuthi esimweni esijabulile futhi sinesigaqa esimnyama emqaleni waso. Ngemuva kokuthatha isikhashana insimu, owesilisa akayishiyi, noma eyondla, alinde ngesineke ukuthi ukudla kungene emlonyeni wayo uqobo.Ungahlanganisi imibala efanayo emzimbeni ofanayo wamanzi, ngenxa yengozi yokuzalanisa okungalawulwa. I-Copadichromis, Cyrustocara, Protomelas, Labidochromis caeruleus "Ephuzi" bangomakhelwane abalungele i-Ps. "Polit." INedivoda