Inyoni eyaziwa kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabazingeli i-partridge. Abaningi bebemazi kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngezimpawu zayo, ifana nenkukhu yasekhaya, futhi ingeyamalungu omndeni wegogo elimnyama.
Zonke izinyoni zalolu hlobo zivame ukuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze bakwazi ukusinda, kudingeka badlule ekuhlolweni okuningi ezimweni ezibucayi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamamabhuleki, okuthi ngokwezinga elithile kuhluke komunye nomunye kudatha nokuziphatha kwawo kwangaphandle.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Grey Partridge
I-Partridge grey igcwele yonke i-Eurasia futhi yathunyelwa ngisho naseMelika, lapho isuse izimpande ngempumelelo. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-8 zale nyoni, ngayinye yazo ihlukaniswa izici zemibala, usayizi nekhono lokuzala. Ngokusho kososayensi, i-grey partridge yaqhamuka ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinyoni ezise-prehistoric. Ngisho nabakwaNeanderthals babazingela, njengoba kufakazelwa yimiphumela yokumbiwa okuningi, ucwaningo olunzulu. Njengomhlobo ozimele, i-grey partridge yahlukaniswa amashumi ambalwa ezigidi zeminyaka edlule endaweni eseNyakatho neMongolia, iTransbaikalia, futhi kusukela lapho ayikashintshi kangako.
Ividiyo: I-Partridge Grey
I-grey partridge ingeyomndeni we-pheasant, i-oda lenkukhu. Akuvamile ukuhlala ezihlahleni futhi ngenxa yalokho kubhekwa njengenyoni yasemhlabeni. Naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sabantu abafuna ukumdla, ithonya elinamandla lesimo sezulu ekusindeni kwezalo, ubusika obunesihluku ngaphandle kokundiza ezimpini ezifudumele, inani labantu baso lihlala likhulu kakhulu futhi lishesha ukwanda ngemuva kwesikhathi esingesihle.
Iqiniso elihlaba umxhwele: Ngisho nesiko lezwe alizange lidlule kule nyoni engwevu, engenasici. Izinganekwane zaseGrisi yasendulo zilandisa ngesenzo esingaqondakali somakhi wezinto eziqhenyayo uDaedalus lapho alahla umfundi wakhe edwaleni. Kepha u-Athena wayiguqula le nsizwa yaba iphalishi elimpunga futhi yangashayeka. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, yingakho abahlukaniseli bengathandi ukundiza phezulu, bakhetha ukuchitha impilo yabo yonke emhlabeni.
Ngokulwa nezitha zakhe unezikhali ezimbili kuphela: umbala we-motley omvumela ukuba alahleke phakathi kwamahlamvu nekhono lokugijima ngokushesha, kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo lapho kudonswa amatoho ompofu ukuzama ukuphunyuka kumphangi. Njengoba kunikezwe ukunambitheka okuphezulu kanye nezimpawu zokudla okunempilo yenyama yayo, ukungathobeki, inyoni ikhule ngempumelelo ekudingisweni, kodwa ngokudla okukhethekile.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Grey partridge bird
I-grey i-grey inezici zayo ezikhumbulekayo ezenza kube lula ukubona:
- usayizi omncane womzimba kusuka ku-28 kuya ku-31 cm, amaphiko angama-45-48 cm, isisindo ukusuka kuma-300 kuye kuma-450 amagremu,
- ibonakala ngesisu esiyindilinga esiyimpunga esiyindilinga enendawo ekhanyayo esesimweni sehhashi, inhloko encane enoqhwaku olumnyama, ingemuva elakhiwe kahle ngombala ompunga onama-patches anezimpawu ezifakiwe ezinsundu,
- ama-paws alolu hlobo anombala onsundu, intamo nekhanda kugqamile, kucishe kuyiwolintshi. Amapheya ezinsikazi awanawo amahle njengawowesilisa futhi ngokuvamile mancane,
- abantu abasha banemivimbo emide futhi emide emide emaceleni omzimba, enyamalala lapho kukhula izinyoni.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wombala we-motley ukufihla. Izinyoni minyaka yonke ziyabhidliza, eziqala ekuqaleni ngezimpaphe, bese zishintshela kwabanye bese ziphela ngokuphelele kuphela ekwindla. Ngenxa yobuningi be-plumage nokuncibilika okuvamile, umgwaqo uqhubeka nokuphila ngisho naseqhweni efrijini elinganiselwe. Ingxenye eyinhloko yabo bonke abantu abaphila emvelweni ayenzi izindiza zaminyaka yonke eziya ezifundeni ezifudumele, kepha ihlala kuze kube sebusika endaweni yabo yaphakade. Ekufuneni ukudla, bmba imisele ebusika eamamitha angama-50 ubude, ezikhathini ezibandayo ikakhulukazi abaqoqana ngamaqembu ephelele, befudumeza bodwa.
Ihlala kuphi i-greyjana?
Photo: Gray partridge eRussia
I-gray-blue parridge itholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yeRussia, i-Altai, iSiberia, kanye namazwe amaningi aseYurophu, kufaka phakathi iJalimane, iGreat Britain, Canada neNyakatho Melika, kanye nentshonalanga ye-Asia. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ibhekwa njengezifunda eziseningizimu ye-Western Siberia, Kazakhstan.
Izindawo zakhe azithandayo:
- ihlathi eliminyene, imifino, imiphetho yehlathi,
- izimbali ezinotshani obukhulu, obude, indawo evulekile eneziqhingi zezihlahla zemifino, imifudlana,
- kwezinye izikhathi, i-grey i-pureridge ihlala ngokuzithandela ezindaweni ezinamamaki, kepha ikhetha iziqhingi ezomile ezinemifino eminyene.
Ngezimo ezintofontofo kunazo zonke, udinga isikhala nokubakhona kwenqwaba yezihlahla, utshani obude, lapho ungacasha khona kalula, wakhe isidleke, futhi uthole ukudla. I-Partridge ihlala ihlala eduze kwamasimu izitshalo zama-oats, ama-buckwheat, amabele. Isiza ezolimo ngokugoqa izinambuzane eziyingozi nama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene asongela isivuno.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala, ama-grey partparges awalishiyi. Lapha, kukho konke impilo yabo, bakha izidleke, bakhulisa inzalo, badle, futhi, amaphuphu asekhulile nawo azohlala endaweni eyodwa.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi i-parridge eyi-grey. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Incazelo ye-Partridge
Amamngcele angamalungu omndeni we-pheasant, imindeni engezansi yemifakelo ne-grouse, kufaka nohlobo olungaphezu kwama-22, ngalinye libonisa ukusukela kokukodwa kuya kwayi-46. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zazo zonke izinyoni, indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, umbala ongenakuqhathaniswa, usayizi omncane nokukhuthazela okumangazayo ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu kuhlangana.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Amabanga ahola indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni, ondla kakhulu ngokudla kwezitshalo. Bancamela ukudlekela phansi, njengama-pheasant amaningi. Ngokufihla ngokucophelela ukufihla amakhaya abo emahlathini amahlamvu amaningi ezinhlamvu nezihlahla.
Ukuthandwa okukhulu kwenyama ebambekile phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kwenze le nyoni yaqaphela kakhulu. Amahhashi azungeza, ebheka ngapha nangapha, elalela futhi ebhekisisa: ingabe kukhona ubungozi obuzungezile. Njengakwabaphephisi abaningi, ukundiza akuyona ingxenye eqine kunazo zonke. Kodwa ukugijima okuphambene nakho kuhle kakhulu.
Lezi zinyoni ziyizoni ekukhetheni umlingani. Isikhathi ngasinye ngesikhathi sokukhwelana bathola umbhangqwana wabo nesidleke. Okuhlukile okuyi-subspecies yaseMadagascar
Esikhathini esiningi sempilo, amabanga aphansi azama ukuheha ukunakwa. Ahamba ethule kakhulu, ezolile. Ngobusika, ziqongelela indawo ehlaba umxhwele yamafutha, evumela ukuthi ashiye izindawo zawo zokuhlala kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Hola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Ukufuna ukudla kuthatha isikhathi esifushane, kungabi ngaphezu kwamahora amathathu ngosuku.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
Lolu hlobo luhlala cishe lonke i-Eurasia endaweni eshisayo. Le nyoni iningi kakhulu esigodini nasezindaweni ezihlala kuzo amahlathi, ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ingena kude kakhulu esifundeni se-taiga, imvamisa izidleke engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKarelia, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela oLwandle Olumhlophe. Ngokuvamile kutholakala emaqeleni nasezigangeni zokusanhlamvu, kufakwe kuyo izihlahlana namakhophi, ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula zemifula, ezindaweni ezivulekile nasezigodini zamahlathi, ezintabeni. Ikhetha izikhala ezinkulu ezivulekile, noma noma zinamagquma, zinemifudlana egcwele izihlahla. Kuhlangana kahle nomuntu.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha Komphakathi
I-parridge iyinyoni yomhlaba ekhethekile futhi kuyaqabukela ihlale ezihlahleni. Ubalekela ngokungafanele futhi agile emgodini otshanini obuphakathi kwamahlahla. Kuhamba ngomsindo omkhulu nokushayeka okukhulu kwamaphiko kuphela uma kwenzeka ingozi, indiza ngokushesha, hhayi phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, ishintshanisa amaphiko ezimpiko ngamasu amafushane. Izinkukhu zasendle zindizela amabanga amancanyana ekuseni nakusihlwa zifuna izindawo ezintsha zokondla. I-partridge ihamba kahle, ngasikhathi sinye ime ime nkqo, inwebise intamo yayo iphakamise ikhanda layo phezulu, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhamba ethule, ihamba nomgudu wayo emuva ibuke ngokucophelela indawo ezungezile.
Ezindaweni eziningi, i-grey partridge ihlala unyaka wonke, kwesinye isikhathi yenza izindiza ezimfushane ifuna ukudla.
Ezindaweni ezinamakhaza ebusika aneqhwa, lapho ukudla komhlaba kungatholakali, amathuna ampunga athuthela eningizimu. Uhambo lwemihlambi yezithelo egreyidi luqala ekwindla futhi lwenzeka ngesikhathi sasemini. Izikhukhukazi zasendle zifinyelela eningizimu ye-Ukraine naseCiscaucasia, ugu loLwandle lweCaspian ne-Asia Ephakathi. Abanye babantu bahlala kuze kube sebusika.
Ebusika, imigwaqo engwevu grey zigcinwa ezindaweni ezineqhwa elincane, elinamabhishi neziqu ezomile zezitshalo ezinde, ezindaweni ezinamifula yemifula, emagqumeni angenantambo nasekwenzeni okusanhlamvu. Ngalesi sikhathi esinzima, izinyoni ziphambuka zaba ngamaqembu amancane aminyene. Ukuze bathole ukudla, bambe iqhwa ngosizo lwamakhanda abo noqhwaku, baliphonsa ngezinyawo zabo futhi kwesinye isikhathi baklebhule imigudu efinyelela ku-50 cm ubude. Uma ngabe iqhwa alinzima kakhulu, khona-ke amaraba ahlala ubusuku “ezinqabeni” zeqhwa anamathela eduze. Kwesinye isikhathi basebenzisa "izinsiza" zama-hares abamba iqhwa ukuze afike otshanini. Ngemuva kokuhamba kwama-hares, amabhuloho ahambisana kule ndawo.
Ebusika obunzima futhi obuneqhwa, amabala amade alahlekelwa ukwesaba kwabo abantu futhi asondele ezindlini. Lapha bangathola ukudla nendawo yokukhosela umoya obandayo.
Amamabhuleki agcina emaphaketheni kusuka ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo, futhi ngoMashi- Ephreli kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalelwa ahlukaniswe ngababili.
Cishe zonke izinyoni zasemini ezidla inyama, izilwane ezincelisayo eziningi, kanye nezikhova ezikhozi zidla inyama emigwaqweni ebomvana. Ukulimala okukhulu kwezinombolo zalezi zinyoni kubangelwa izinja namakati amphayo. Iqhwa, ubusika obukhulu, kulandelwa isomiso sasehlobo eside, kubangela ukuqothulwa kwamamingcele kwezinye izingxenye zobubanzi. Isimo sezulu esibandayo nesinethayo ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa kwamachwane kungaholela ekufeni kwawo cishe okuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezindlela ezintsha zokulima, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbicides kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, lapho imigwaqo engwevu yaphenduka indawo ebucayi, izindawo ezinkulu zamabele ezingenawo okokugcina zemvelo, konke lokhu kuthinta kabi inani lemigwaqo emimpunga. Kepha ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okukhulu, le zinhlobo ziphinda zithole izinombolo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle.
Isabelo se-Partridge
Amamabhuleki akhetha imbewu, okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo, amahlamvu, amaqabunga nezimpande njengokudla.. Ukudla kwezitshalo okuzoba yindawo yazo zonke izindawo. Zithanda ukudlela izinambuzane ngezikhathi ezithile. Ebusika, lezi zinyoni zidla amajikijolo aqandisiwe, izilimo zasebusika, nezinsalela zamahlumela ezinhlamvu.
Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okuphakelayo
Le nkukhu yasendle ithola konke ukudla ebusweni bomhlaba futhi ibambe inhlabathi, njengezintokazi ezifuywayo. I-Partridge grey idla konke ukudla kwezitshalo - imbewu yokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, ukhula, amajikijolo, iziqu, amaqabunga, izindebe nezimpande, nezilwane ezi-invertebrate, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Amachwane amancane adla izinambuzane emasontweni amabili okuqala empilo. Njengombana amapharaji adla ukudla okuhle ehlobo, angakwenza ngaphandle kokunisela isikhathi eside futhi ondle kude nomzimba wamanzi, kwesinye isikhathi kude ne-10-12 km ukusuka emzimbeni wamanzi oseduze. Ebusika, i-partridge iba imifino bese idla ezindaweni zeqhwa elincane.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Lezi zinyoni zivundile kakhulu. Entwasahlobo, bathola umbhangqwana wabo noma bawubumba. Ngokungafani nama-pheasants, insikazi ebamba iqhaza ivikela ngenzalo inzalo futhi inakekele insikazi. Esidlekeni kukhona amaqanda asukela ku-9 kuya ku-25, afakwe cishe izinsuku ezingama-20 ukuya ku-24. Bese kuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi nosuku, kuzalwe amaphuphu.
Vocalization
Umhlambi wegogo ubheka izindawo ezinokudla okumnandi emihlambini, futhi lapho zikuthola, zenza umsindo we- “guk.kuk.kuk” okukhumbuza ukuwohloka kwezinkukhu. Amasango agadliwe ayaqhuma. Endizeni, izinkukhu zasendle ezesabekayo zimemeza ngokwethuka, chip.chip.kipipipip. ” Kwabesilisa, kanye nabesifazane, isici esithandeka kakhulu yisifiso, esizwakala njenge- "chirr" noma "chirric" ethambile. Imvamisa, abesilisa bakhipha lesi sinxephezelo, ukuba segqumeni - lokhu kuwuphawu lwendawo nokusongela ophikisayo. Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzalela, bebambelela esizeni sabo, bavame ukukhipha ukukhala okungajwayelekile, "kanti abesifazane ngaleso sikhathi bakhipha" umgodi "ojwayelekile. Zombili amaphuphu ezinsikazi nawowesilisa abizwa ngama-quacking akhethekile, okukhumbuza inkukhu, kepha ngokukhuphuka okukhulu kwezwi ekugcineni komsindo ngamunye. Owesifazane, othuswe esidlekeni, angakwazi ukubabaza ngendlela exakile.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo
Ngaphezu kokuncibilikisa okugcwele, lapho zonke izimpaphe zitshintshwa zintsha, i-grey i-grey ibuye ine-molt "yangaphambi kokuzalela" okuyingxenye. Amabhele alungiselela umshado, eshintsha izimpaphe ezindala zibe zintsha ezinhle entanyeni nasekhanda. Imigwaqo esempunga iyashwabana. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, baqala ukubhangqwa. Kuqala, abesifazane bakhombisa isinyathelo. Uma umhlambi ungukuzalwa okungakaze kwehlukane kusukela ekuweni, lapho kukhona “abashade” nabo ngonyaka odlule, babuye bakha umbhangqwana bese bethatha umhlalaphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho ezinye izintokazi ziqala ukukhombisa umsebenzi, futhi, ukukhetha owesilisa, ziwushiye umhlambi. Ekugcineni, abesilisa, abasele bodwa, bajoyine eminye imihlambi, ngethemba lokuthola intombi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abesilisa be-grey partridge, njengoba kuyisiko inkukhu, ngisho nangaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga, bandiza izindiza eziphakeme bese beqala ukukhipha ukukhala okuheha abesifazane. Abaphikisi nabo bafika lapho befika khona, bese kuba nokulwa phakathi kwabagibeli abangamakhaza. Abalingani bezinyoni bakhethwa ngokucophelela futhi kwesinye isikhathi bashintsha abalingani amahlandla amaningi ngaphambi kokwenza ukhetho lokugcina. Owesifazane uqala isiko lokukhwelana, uya kowesilisa, alule intamo yakhe phambili futhi enze ukunyakaza kwekhanda lakhe nentamo yayo. Owesilisa umile, welula mpo phezulu naphezulu. Imigwaqo esempunga nayo ibonakala ngokuhamba lapho izinyoni, zime eduze kwazo, zithinta izintamo.
Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zithola noma zenze izimbobo emhlabathini phakathi kotshani obukhulu nobude noma izihlahla, bese zilayini umgodi ngotshani obomile. Le nyoni iqala ukubeka amaqanda kuphela ngemuva kokubhanqa. I-patridge yesilisa igcina indawo yokwakha isidleke sonke isikhathi sokufakwa, futhi ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, kuyabamba iqhaza ekukhulisweni kwayo.
Kuzo zonke izinyoni zaseRussia, i-grey partridge iyona ebanda kakhulu. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli, ngesikhathi sokuzalela uyakwazi ukuzala amaqanda ayi-12-18 (kwesinye isikhathi kuba namaqanda angama-28 ku-clutch!). Okokuqala, amaqanda abekwa usuku oluthile kolunye, olunye alandele olunye. Ngemuva kwalokho isikhathi sokuphumula siyanda kuze kube usuku. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokubeka iqanda lokugcina lapho umama eqala ukuzibandakanya ngokuzithandela izinsuku ezingama-25, futhi akasuki ngisho nalapho kuvela umuntu. Akavamile ukuhamba ayondlekelwa isikhashana. Owesilisa akayishiyi intombi yakhe, ugcina esondele esidlekeni futhi kwesinye isikhathi uthatha indawo yowesifazane.
Amachwane we-pubescent aqoqiwe ndawonye, kungakapheli usuku. Lapho amathole esomile, insikazi iwaholela kude esidlekeni, futhi izinyane lembuzi alibuyeli esidlekeni. Kusukela emahoreni okuqala empilo yabo, izinkukhu ziyakwazi ukugijima, ngemuva kwesonto ziqala ukuhamba kancane, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili zikwazi ukundiza amabanga amade. Lapho nje izinkukhu sezishiyile esidlekeni, owesilisa ujoyina izinyane lezingane ngokushesha, uzosiza ekuholeni izinyane lezingane kuze kukhule amaphuphu. Izinsana zingaze zihlukane kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-brood amaningi ahlanganyela emihlambini, futhi kule mihlambi imihlambi emincane yensimu ichitha ubusika. Ehlobo elilandelayo, izinkukhu ziyavuthwa ngokocansi.
Amaqiniso we-Partridge
- I-plumage yokuqala yezinyoni ezincane inombala we-ashen nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani, okuthile okusikhumbuza umbala wedada lasendle.
- Amagaqa awakhulumanga i-dimorphism yezocansi. Lokho wukuthi, owesilisa nowesifazane banombala ofanayo. Umehluko kuphela indawo emnyama esifubeni sowesilisa.
- Akukho ngaphansi amaqiniso e-partridge ajabulisayo zihlobane nophawu lwesifundazwe.Kusukela ngo-1995, bekuluphawu lwesimo sezwe lase-US i-Alaska.
- Ubuwazi ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile le-partridge lingama-degree Celsius angamashumi amane nanhlanu, noma ngabe kukhona iqhwa elingama-degree angama-40 emgwaqweni.
- Muva nje, i-partridge isibe yindaba yocwaningo lwesayensi. Ngokutadisha lezi zinyoni, ososayensi babona ukuthi ngokubheka isisindo sezinyoni ezisezindaweni ezishisayo, izimpawu zokushisa komhlaba zingabikezelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwabo kungenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi lokhu kungathinta kanjani zonke izinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi abantu.
Isilwane eMoses Zoo
Izindawo ezimpunga zeGrey zigcinwe isikhathi eside eMoses Zoo. Lezi zinyoni ziyakubekezelela ukudingiswa kahle futhi azidali izinkinga ekugcineni. Bashesha ukujwayela umuntu futhi bangakwazi nokuthatha ukudla ezandleni zabo.
Amabhuleki athola ukuxuba okusanhlamvu, ukudla okuhlanganisiwe, ushizi we-cottage, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane njengokudla. Ehlobo, ukhula olusha noma amahlumela abekwa endaweni ebiyelwe.
Ungabona imigwaqo engwevu eMoses Zoo eMosweni ekuchazelweni kwe- “Fauna of Russia”, lapho bahlala khona ezindizayo kanye nabaphisi abancane nabagibeli abancane. Naphezu kokuzithoba kwayo, i-grey i-grey ayidli kulokhu okuvezwayo, ngoba ama-hares, ahamba ngezindiza, adala ukukhathazeka, futhi izinyoni azilokothi ziqale amaphuphu.
Habitat
Ngokwesiko, i-partridge enamapulangwe amhlophe iyinyoni yamakhaza aqandayo, abonakala ngobuningi bemvula nobusika obude nobunzima. Ngaye, ikhaya le-taiga, tundra kanye nezindawo ze-tundra ze-tundra ziyabhekwa. Ukhetha ukuhlala kumaxhaphozi, lapho kunenqwaba yezilwane ezinamaphayiphu kanye nama-moss.
UPtarmigan uhlala eNyakatho Melika, e-Eurasia naseGreenland. Ingatholakala nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseScotland naseNgilandi. Ngokuqondene nensimu yaseRussia, lapha uhlala eSakhalin naseKamchatka.
Ukuhlukaniswa
IPtarmigan ingenye yezinyoni ezisenyakatho emndenini wayo. Uhlala lapho abanye abafowabo bebengabanda khona isikhathi eside. Kepha akayedwa. Okokuqala, kukhona lonke uhlobo lwenhlanzana emhlophe, okungelomndeni we-pheasant nokuhleleka kwenkukhu. Uma sekubandakanya izinhlobo eziyisithupha, kepha namuhla kukhona ezintathu kuphela: empeleni amhlophe, ama-tundra kanye namabala emigwaqo emhlophe.
Zonke zihlala kuphela endaweni esenyakatho yoMhlaba futhi zingabekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ziyahlukahluka kwezinye izidalwa ezinamakhaladi amade, kanye nezimpaphe eziwugqinsi nezimfushane ezimboza imilenze yazo.
I-Ptarmigan ngosayizi ongaphansi kokumhlophe. Ihlala endaweni ye-tundra kanye nebhande le-alpine le-Cordillera, i-Pyrenees, i-Alps, izintaba zase-Scandinavia, iJapan ne-Altai ridges. Ingubo yakhe yasebusika icishe imhlophe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwendawo emnyama engenhla komlomo nasesilahleni. Amaplamu ehlobo ahambelana nemithunzi yamatshe endaweni yezinyoni.
I-partridge enomsila omhlophe yilungu elincane kunazo zonke zohlobo. Kuvamile eNyakatho Melika futhi kutholakala eCentral Alaska, izintaba zeBritish Columbia, iWashington, Wyoming neMontana. Ngombala wenyoni ebusika, azikho amabala amnyama emsileni; ehlobo, abesilisa nabesifazane bane-okhilimu obomvu okhanyayo emakhanda abo.
Izinhlobo ze-Partridge
Lo mndeni ufake izinhlobo ezinhlanu kuphela:
- UPartridge Daurian (onentshebe). Lolu hlobo luhlala ezwekazini lase-Asia, ikakhulukazi - engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia, i-Altai, eMongolia, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeTibet naseChina. Ubukhulu balezi zinyoni buncane, futhi isisindo sabantu abadala cishe singama-350-400 g. Umbala wezimpaphe ungwevu ngombala onsundu. Ngasemuva kunephethini elihambisanayo, elibonakala kakhulu. Igama lale nyoni lanikezwa izimpaphe (zilukhuni nokuthinta) ezikhula esiseleni sakhe. Ukhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezigodini zezindawo zokugcina amanzi, ezindaweni eziphansi, kanye nasemithambekeni yezintaba. Indiza kancane (amabanga amafushane), izidleke phansi, futhi ayilokothi izidleke ezihlahleni noma izihlahlana.
- I-Partridge ibomvu. Lolu hlobo luhlala eSpain nasePortugal kuphela.
- IPartridge yiTibetan. Ihlala ezintabeni zaseTibet, kanye nasePakistan naseNepal. Umbala womzimba omncane wesigaxa esimnyama umnyama, esifubeni simhlophe, kanti nasemaphikweni kufakwe izimbobo. Ihlala phezulu ezintabeni, izidleke ezisontekile esihlahleni esikhula phezulu ezintabeni.
- IPartridge imhlophe. Umehluko wawo oyinhloko kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo ukushintshwa okuphelele kombala we-plumage ngemuva kwenkathi yokuncibilika. Indawo yokuhlala: North America, Great Britain, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, indawo esogwini loLwandle iBaltic. Le nyoni ihlala kuma-tundra, ihlathi-tundra noma amahlathi axubile. Ngemuva kokuncibilika kwentwasahlobo, umbala wempaphe yalezi zinyoni uba nsundu. Ebusika, umbala we izimpaphe ngemuva kokuncibilika, mhlophe.
- I-grey (noma i-steppe) i-partridge yi-subspecies enkulu kunazo zonke futhi evame kakhulu ye-partridge. Ngaphandle kakhulu kufana nezinkukhu ezifuywayo, zincane kuphela ngosayizi. Habitat - cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu nase-Asia.
Incazelo nezimpawu eziyinhloko zamamingcele
Ubukhulu bomzimba we-parridge buncane kancane kunejuba. Imvamisa le nyoni ihlala phakathi kotshani obude noma izihlahlana. Kude kude, umbala wempuphu yakhe ubonakala ungwevu, ngaphandle kwemithunzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ihlangana nendawo ezungezile futhi icishe ingabonakali. Kepha buqamama kuyabonakala ngokusobala ukuthi umbala weplamu lenyoni uxubekile.
Amabangana awandiza kahle, futhi achitha impilo yawo yonke emhlabathini - yonke indawo ahamba kuyo ngobuhlakani emilenzeni yawo emincane, emincane. Amaragri nawo achitha ubusuku emhlabathini, ahlala ezindaweni ezingenazodwa - otshanini noma ezihlahleni.
Lezi zinyoni ezincane zivama ukuhamba, ibanga nje elifishane elingandiza. Imvamisa lokhu kwenza kuphela uma kunobungozi noma ekufuneni ukudla. Ukususa, kukhale ukukhala okuthusayo, izimpukane zimfishane futhi zingaphakeme ngaphezu komhlaba, ukushaya amaphiko ayo akuvamile, ihlela kakhulu ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Ngesikhathi indiza, umsindo okhishwa izimpaphe ze-partridge ucacile kahle.
I-Partridge ingenza imisindo ifane nokushaywa kanye nokuthumela (ngokwanda kwe "zwi" ekugcineni). Ngenenjabulo, abesilisa nabesifazane baqala ukukhala, ikakhulukazi amaphuphu ezinsikazi.
Ngeumndeni womndeni
Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile zokudla okubandayo yigreyidi yampunga. Inobukhulu obukhulu kanye nesisindo somzimba. Ubude bomzimba abudluli ngaphezu kwama-35 cm, futhi isisindo sowesilisa osekhulile singafinyelela ku-380-540 g. Isisindo sowesifazane omncane singama-320-510 g. Ukutholwa kwesisindo salezi zinyoni ngokuqondile kuya ngendawo yokuhlala nesikhathi sonyaka. Amabhuloho ahlala empumalanga makhulu ngosayizi kakhulu kunezihlobo ezihlala kwezinye izindawo. Isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke salezi zinyoni zifinyelela ngesikhathi sekwindla, ngalesi sikhathi izindawo zigcinwa emzimbeni wazo ngaphambi kobusika obuzayo.
Amaphiko esikalini angaba ngu-50 cm. Izimpiko ngokwazo zincanyana ngosayizi (cishe cm 16), ukubukeka kwazo kuyindilinga. I-plumage incane, ingabi ngaphezu kwama-8 cm.Izinyawo zinobude obuphakathi, ziqinile futhi ziqinile, azikho iplamu kubo. Alinayo i-partridge kanye ne-spurs. Usayizi wethrekhi - 3.8 cm.
I-Plumage
Umbala wezinsiba zalesi siqeshana ublue ngombala onsomi. Akukho cishe mibala egqamile ku-plumage yale nyoni: kuphela emuva ongabona izimpaphe zombala omnyama, unyakaze kuwo wonke umhlane. Ikhanda lincane ngosayizi, phezu kwalo izimpaphe zidwetshwe ngamathoni abomvu ansundu, zinamabala ansundu nemivimbo emincane yomthunzi okhanyayo. Umbala webunzi, izihlathi nengxenye engenhla yentamo emfushane ngonsundu. Ngemuva nesifuba kunombala ompunga ngombala, onamachashazi amancane nemicu emsundu. Isisu is a ukukhanya, grey hue, lapho ucezu ngesimo ihhashi, elinombala onsundu, liphuma ngokucacile. Ezinhlangothini kukhona imichilo emikhulu yamathoni ansundu. Izimpaphe zomsila emsileni zingezintambo ezibomvu, zidwetshwe eceleni komphetho zimhlophe. Uqhwaku oluncane olugoqiwe ekugcineni lupendwe ophuzi, izinyawo ziyimpunga ngombala ophuzi.
Kwabesifazane, umbala ukhanya kancane kunowesilisa. Ekhanda, umbala weplamu awukhanyi kangako, ubomvu. Futhi ibala ngesimo sehhashi esiswini alivezwa kahle.
Kunezikhathi ezimbili ezincibilikayo kulezi zinyoni.
Ku-molt yokuqala emadodeni okudla okubandayo, izimpaphe zitshintshwa ingxenye ethile - ekhanda nasentanyeni. Lo molt uqala kusuka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi noJuni. Izilokazana zabesifazane ngaphambili - kusukela eshumini sokuqala sika-Mashi kuya eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli, ukuguqulwa kwazo izimpaphe kubizwa ngokuthi ngaphambi komshado. Ukushintshwa kwezimpaphe kugijimela ekhanda, emahlombe nasesifubeni ngaphezulu.
I-molt ephelele kumapharaji isho ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwezimpaphe. Ukuncibilika okunjalo kwenzeka ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane - amatende kusukela maphakathi noJulayi. Ukuncibilikisa ngokugcwele kuthatha isikhathi eside - iplamu le-partridge lingene esikhundleni sangempela maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Ungahlangana nalezi zinyoni emazweni amaningi aseYurophu nase-Asia. Bahlala phakathi kwamahlathi, emahlahleni, ezigodini, endaweni yama-steppes noma ama-steppes amahlathi. Ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi i-steppe.
Lezi zinyoni azihlali kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Inhlabathi enobumba obukhulu ayifanele bona. Ngokuphila kwabo okujwayelekile, inhlabathi enesihlabathi nesihlabathi se-loamy edlula umswakama ifaneleka kahle imigwaqo egrey. Grey partridges angatholakala ezintabeni - endaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-1900 m ezindaweni ze-steppe.
Ama-nuances okuphila
Lezi zinyoni kuthiwa yizinhlobo zomhlaba. Ehlobo, bakhetha ukulala emagatsheni a shrub aphansi noma otshanini obude. Ebusika, kufanele balale phansi. Amatshe emigwaqo avame ukuzulazula enyakatho.
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- emva kokuqhanyelwa, umhlambi uyanda,
- ubusika buyabanda kakhulu
- ukudla okunganele
- endaweni yabo yokuhlala, umuntu uthuthuka lezo zindawo lapho kuhlala khona amabanga amade.
Inani lezinyoni emhlambini alidluli abantu abangama-20. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, imibhangqwana ihlala ihlukene. Umhlambi ususelwa kuzidleke zeshlobo esisodwa sasehlobo. Amalungu ephakethe awanalo nolaka maqondana. Ekuseni nakusihlwa umhlambi uyahamba uyokondla, ngesikhathi esishisayo, izinyoni zifuna indawo yokukhosela elangeni otshanini obude noma emithini. Kobusuku, amabanga asemaceleni ahamba kakade ebusuku. Ngenkathi inqwaba yomhlambi idla, izinyoni eziningana zihlala ziqaphe.
Uma ama-paradges efihliwe ezweni lakubo, khona-ke ahlangana ndawonye emihlambini enkulu yemihlambi emikhulu, engaba ngabantu abangama-90-98. Imvamisa ungathola imigwaqo ebusika eduzane kwamagogo, lapho ufuna ukudla bangandizela ezindaweni lapho kugcinwa khona izilwane ezifuywayo.
Isabelo sokudla
Ukudla okubandakanyeka kuphethwe yizinkozo nembewu yokhula. Okukhulu kunakho konke, lezi zinyoni zithanda ukondla ngamabele noma nge-buckwheat. Kusukela esikhathini sokuzalwa kuya enyangeni, amaphuphu e-partridge adla ukudla kwezilwane - izinambuzane, amacimbi kanye nezibungu. Ngemuva kwenyanga, ukukhula okuncane sekushintshile ukutshala ukudla, lapho amahlamvu asemasha, amahlamvu, amahlumela amajikijolo asevuthiwe, ukolweni, ihlumela lomhlanga. Ukuze kugaywe ukudla, laba bantu badinga ukufaka amatshe amatshe amancane noma isihlabathi esihlanganayo.
Ebusika, ukudla kwabo kuba yindlala. Babhidliza iqhwa bafuna utshani obomile, futhi babuye basondele ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu, lapho bekwazi ukuthola khona ukudla okwengeziwe.
Ukuzalanisa i-parridge
Isikhathi sokubandakanyeka kwezithelo siqala maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlambi uyahlukana ube ngababili, owakha ndawonye izidleke phansi, lapho amaqanda ebekwa khona.
Izidleke ze-Partridge zisebenzisa indentation emhlabathini, embozwe ngotshani obudwenguliwe, amaqabunga kanye nezimpaphe zezinsikazi.
Inqubo yokuzalela isukela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Imvamisa ngoMeyi, ama-testicles angama-7-24 ama-testicles, igobolondo lawo elinombala we-beige nge-tint yomnqumo, selivele likhona ezidlekeni. Abesilisa bahlanganyela engxenyeni enkulu yokubopha amaphuphu. Isikhathi sokuqhanyelwa emacadeni yizinsuku ezingama-21-25. Amachwane amachaphaza ahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Ngemuva komehla wokukhula okuncane, sekuqala ukusebenza. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kubonakale wonke amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa, umndeni uphuma esidlekeni. Ngemuva kwesonto, amaphuphu asevele eqala ukuphuma emhlabathini, kwathi ngosuku lwe-14 wonke amabanga amancanyana asevele andiza kahle.
Izici ze-Partridge nendawo yokuhlala
Omunye wabamele lolu hlobo i-partridge. Kuyaziwa ngezakhamizi zaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Le nyoni ithuthukise ngendlela ebonakalayo.
Lesi yisimo sesidalwa esiphilayo esiguqula ukubukeka kwaso, kuya ngemvelo nangesimo sezulu. I-partridge emhlophe ihlala iguqula ugesi wayo ukuze ivele ingabonakali iso lomuntu onqunu.
Partridge owesilisa nowesifazane
Mncane ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba we-partridge ophakathi bu malunga ne-38 cm. Isisindo sawo sifinyelela ku-700 amagremu Esikhathini sobusika, umbala wale nyoni ucishe ube mhlophe ngokuphelele, okuvumela ukuthi uhlale unganakiwe ngokuphelele.
Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho kungabona amabala amnyama ezimpapheni zakhe zomsila. Fall partridge kuguqulwa ngokubonakalayo. Izimpaphe zakhe zithola umbala omhlophe-wezitini futhi omhlophe qwa namashiya abomvu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo ukuthi lezi zinyoni zinombala we-wavy ku-plumage noma amabala aphuzi nje kuso. Kepha eyinhloko ihlala imhlophe. Isithombe se-Partridge kungukuqinisekisa kwalokhu.
Iphalishi lowesifazane lihluke kakhulu kowesilisa. Imvamisa ubukhulu bawo bukhulu, futhi iguqula umbala wayo ngaphambili. Owesifazane okubandayo wasebusika inombala olula ukwedlula owesilisa, ngakho-ke ngeke kube nzima kubazingeli ukuhlukanisa ukuthi ngubani ophambi kwabo.
Ebusika, i-partridge emhlophe mihle kakhulu. Amapheya ayo ayanda, futhi izimpaphe ezinde ziyavela emsileni nasemaphikweni. Lokhu akugcini ngokuhlobisa inyoni, kodwa futhi kuyisindisa kusuka kumaqele anzima. Akulula kakhulu kubazingeli kanye nezilwane ezinkulu zasendle ezikhetha ukuzingela i-partridge ukuyithola eqhweni. Lokhu kunika ithuba elihle lokuthi inyoni iphile.
Izimpaphe ezincanyana zikhula emaphethelweni ale nyoni, eziyisindisa eziqandeni ezinzima. Ebusika, izindlawu zikhula ezinzwaneni zakhe ezine, ezisiza inyoni ukuba ime iqhwa iqhwa, futhi futhi ibambe indawo yokuphephela kuyo.
Esithombeni i-white parridge
I-Partridge imvamisa incane kunombala omhlophe. Ubude bawo obuphakathi buyi-25-35 cm, futhi isisindo sisuka kuma-300 ukuya kuma-500 amagremu. Ukubonakala kwale nyoni kunesizotha ngenxa yombala wayo ophuzi.
Kepha akuyona inyoni yonke empunga; isisu sayo sinombala omhlophe. Ihhashi elinsundu elibonakala kahle esiswini sale nyoni liyashayisa. Indawo enjalo yamahhashi ibonakala ngokusobala kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
I-femridge partridge incane kakhulu kunowesilisa. Futhi isici esivelelayo sehhashi esiswini sakhe asikho lapho esemncane. Kubonakala ngathi vele lapho i-partridge ingena eminyakeni yobudala bokuzala.
Umuntu angahlukanisa insikazi kusuka kowesilisa ongwempunga owesilisa ngokubakhona kwezimpaphe ezibomvu esifundeni somsila. Abamele ubulili obuqine bama-paradare abunazo izimpaphe ezinjalo. Inhloko yabo bobabili ubulili inombala ocebile onsundu. Umzimba wonke walezi zinyoni kungathi umbozwe amabala amnyama.
Esithombeni i-grey i-grey
Izimpiko zazo zonke izinhlobo zezitho ezibandayo azide, nomsila umfishane. Ama-paws ambozwe uboya kuphela kulabo bameleli balezinhlobo zezinyoni ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho. Abaseningizimu akudingi ukuvikelwa okunjalo.
Onke amabala emigwaqo akhangwa kakhulu isikhala esivulekile. Bayayithanda i-bush-steppe, i-tundra, ugwadule kanye ne-semi -hlane, izintaba eziphakathi nendawo kanye nama-metra alpine. Eziqeshini zasenyakatho inyoni ebanzi asesabi izindawo eziseduzane.
Ngokuyisisekelo, wonke amabanga ahamba phambili aphila impilo yokuhlala phansi. I-Partridge enye yalezi zinyoni. Izindawo ezimhlophe kuphela nezi-tundra ebusika zihanjiswa kancane ziye eningizimu, bese izimpunga zindiza zisuka eSiberia ziye eKazakhstan.
I-Asia, iNyakatho Melika, iYurophu, iGreenland, iNhlaba eNtsha, iMongolia, iTibet, iCaucasus yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu zazo zonke izinhlobo zamaphethelo. Zingatholakala nase-USA naseCanada.
Esithombeni ucezu lwamatye
Ukudla okubandayo
Ukudla okubandakanywa ikakhulu kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezitshalo. Bancamela imbewu yokhula ehlukahlukene, okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo zikakolweni, njengamajikijolo, amaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahla, kanye namaqabunga nezimpande.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi lezi zinyoni zidle izinambuzane. Ukudla okunjalo kutholakala kunhlobo yamadolobha wehlobo ehlobo.Ebusika, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola ukudla. Izilimo zasebusika, amajikijolo aqandisiwe nezinsalela zamahlumela ngezinhlamvu ziyazigcina. Kuyenzeka, kepha kuyaqabukela, ukuthi lezi zinyoni zibulawa yindlala ebusika.
Ukuzala kabusha futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwepherishi
Amatshe emigwaqo ayanda kakhulu. Angabeka amaqanda angama-25. Amaqanda hatch izinsuku ezingama-25. Kule nqubo, owesilisa uthatha ingxenye esebenzayo. Amabhuleki angabazali abakhathalela kakhulu. Kuzalwa amaphuphu amahle futhi azimele.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuzingela i-partridge hhayi kuphela ngabazingeli, kodwa futhi nangezilwane ezidla ezinye, iminyaka yabo yokuphila ayiphezulu kakhulu. Bahlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka emi-4.
Abantu abaningi bayazama futhi bazama ukwenza i-homeridge Akukubi kubo. Ngoba ukuzalanisa i-parridge Akudingi izindleko ezinkulu, ngokwezezimali nangokomzimba.
Esithombeni, isidleke sokudla okubandayo namachwane
Kwanele thenga i-parridge futhi umenzele zonke izimo azonikeza inzalo enhle ngaphansi kwayo. Cishe indlela yokubamba i-parridge bambalwa abazi ngaphandle kwesibhamu, yize izindlela ezinjalo zingenzeka. Ingatholwa futhi ibanjwe ngosizo lwamanetha, ibhodlela lepulasitiki, izingibe kanye nama-loops. Zonke lezi zindlela zilungile uma zisondelwa ngokufanele futhi ngawodwana.
Ngabe kudliwa liphi leligreyidi?
Photo: Gray partridge ngemvelo
Abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo badla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo: utshani, imbewu yezitshalo, amajikijolo, kwesinye isikhathi banezela lokhu kudla ngengxenyana encane yokudla kwezilwane. Inzalo ekhulayo idliswa kuphela yizinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu ezahlukahlukene kanye nezicabucabu, njengoba ikhula, kancane kancane ishintshela ekudleni okujwayelekile kwabantu abadala.
Konke okuphakelayo kwezinkukhu kutholakala kuphela emhlabathini. Ebusika, ukudla akudingeki kakhulu, amabanga amade kufanele aphule iqhwa ngezinselo zawo eziqinile ukuze afike otshanini basendle kanye nembewu yayo. Kulokhu, izimbobo ze-hare zivame ukubasiza. Kwesinye isikhathi angondla ukolweni wasebusika emasimini ezolimo, inqobo nje uma ungqimba lweqhwa alukhulu kakhulu.
Kusebusika obunzima ikakhulukazi, obuvame ukufika ngemuva kwehlobo elinemvula bese liwa nesivuno esingesihle, bathambekele lapho kuhlala khona abantu, bandize abondli bezilwane zasemapulazini beyofuna izinqwaba zotshani, lapho ungathola khona okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo zezolimo. Entwasahlobo, kudliwa izingxenye zezulu ezinamanzi ezixubene nezinambuzane. Abantu balulama ngokushesha ebusika obulambile futhi sebekulungele ukuqabhuka ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Ngokudla okugreyidi okuvuthiwe okusendlini, kunconywa izinkukhu ezijwayelekile. Kuyadingeka ukukusondeza ngangokunokwenzeka ekudleni okungokwemvelo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukufa kwabo, ukwehluleka ukubeka amaqanda nokuqandusela inzalo kungenzeka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Grey Partridge
I-Partridge grey ibhekwa njengeyinyoni yomhlaba. Iyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha futhi ngokungenasiphika otshanini obude, phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahla. Ihamba ikakhulu lapho kukhona ingozi enkulu futhi icwila amaphiko ayo kakhulu, indiza ibanga elifushane eliphansi ngenhlabathi, bese iphinda ibuye futhi, idukisa umhlaseli. Kwesinye isikhathi iyakwazi ukundiza amabanga amafushane ifuna ukudla, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ayinqamuki imikhawulo yendawo yayo ejwayelekile, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ayikwazi izindiza ezinkulu - nayo ingakwenza.
Ngesikhathi sokugijima, inkukhu yasendle iba mpo ngokuqinile, iphakamise ikhanda layo phezulu, futhi phakathi nokuhamba okujwayelekile inyakazisa kancane, ihlole indawo ezungezile ngokubukeka okukhulu. Le nyoni enamahloni kakhulu futhi ethule, kuyaqabukela ukuthi ungezwa izwi layo. Uma kwenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuqomisana noma ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okungalindelekile, lapho enza umsindo omkhulu kakhulu, ofana ne-hissing.
Emini, ukondla kuthatha amahora angama-2-3 kuphela emaphethelweni, sonke isikhathi bafihla emathangeni otshani, izimpaphe ezihlanzekile futhi banakekele zonke izintambo. Amahora asebenzayo kakhulu awela ekuseni nakusihlwa, ubusuku - isikhathi sokuphumula.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Kusuka ezifundeni ezinobusika obukhulu obunamakhithikhi ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda, amagreyidi asendleleni agudluza eningizimu, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube nokudla okudliwayo ngaphansi kwengqimba yeqhwa. Ezindaweni zokuhlala ezisele, izinkukhu zasendle zihlala zidla ubusika futhi kuzo zonke izimpilo zazo zigcina kuphela izindiza ezingavamile emabangeni amafushane zifuna ukudla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Grey partridge bird
Lolu hlobo lwe-partridge yi-monogamen. Ababili phakathi kwezichwane zasendle bavame ukuqhubeka nempilo. Bobabili abazali bahilelekile ngokulinganayo ekondleni nasekuvikeleni inzalo. Ngibekela umhlambi wezinkomo zasendle kanye ngonyaka ekuqaleni kuka-Meyi kusukela ku-15 kuye ku-25 ngasikhathi. Izidleke ze-Partridge zakhiwe phansi emhlabathini, zizifihla otshanini, ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezihlahla. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-23, insikazi kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi ishiya ubumbano iyondliwa, ngesikhathi sayo engekho owesilisa useduze nesidleke futhi uqaphe isimo ngokusobala.
Lapho kuvela umhlaseli noma enye ingozi, bobabili bazama ukuphambukisela yonke ukunakwa kubo, kancane kancane basuka kubumbano, bese kuthi, lapho kungekho songo, babuye. Abesilisa bavame ukufa ngalesi sikhathi, bazidele ukuze bavikele amaphuphu abo. Naphezu kokukhula okukhulu kwenzalo, ngonyaka wezimvula ikakhulukazi, izingane zonke zingafa ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba izidleke zitholakala emhlabathini. Isithwathwa esishubile cishe ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngokoqobo sikulungele ukuhambisa abazali baso kuleyo ndawo abahlala kuyo ibanga lamamitha ayikhulu. Amathanga asevele enenqwaba yamapulangwe, bheka futhi uzwe kahle, futhi ufunde ngokushesha.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngemuva kwesonto kuzalwe amachwane wokudla okubandayo, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa bakulungele ukuhamba amabanga amade nabazali babo.
Izindawo ezi-Grey parter izinyoni zenhlalo ezihlala zixhumana. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, zihlala emaphaketheni abantu abangama-25-30; ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, imihlambi inesigamu senani lezinyoni. Uma omunye wabazali efa, owesibili uyinakekela ngokuphelele inzalo, ngokushona kwababili, amaphuphu ayohlala ekunakekelweni kweminye imindeni yamadolobha ahlala eduze. Ebusika obukhulu obukhulu, izinyoni ziyahlangana ngamaqembu asondelene futhi zihlale ndawonye emigqonyeni emincane yeqhwa, ngoba kulula ukufudumala ndawonye, futhi lapho kuqala i-thaw ziphinde zihlakaze ezindaweni zazo ezivalekile.
Izitha zemvelo zamaphara
Photo: Izimbotshana ezimpunga
Izindawo ezimpunga ezinezitha eziningi zemvelo:
- ama-kites, ama-gyrfalcons, izikhova nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ngisho namaqhude angaphanga kumathafa akhulayo,
- izikebhe, izimpungushe, izimpungushe ezingama-arctic kanye nezinye izakhamizi eziningi ezidla amahlathi namasimu.
Ngenxa yobuningi bezitha obunjalo, i-parridge eqabukayo isinda ifinyelele eminyakeni engu-4, yize ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, abantu abaningi bangasinda kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10. Akukho lutho azovikela kulaba bantu abazingelayo, ngaphandle kwemibala yakhe yokufihla. I-Partridge grey ibhekwa njengesisulu esilula. Kungakho insikazi nowesilisa zigadwe kanjalo futhi zigada inzalo yazo. Ngenxa yokubonga okukhulu nokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha kwamachwane, inani lezinkukhu zasendle alisongelwanga ukuqothulwa.
Ngaphezu kwezitha zemvelo, ukulahleka okukhulu kwesamba se-partridge nakho kuqhamuka ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo kwezibulala zinambuzane kwezolimo. Uma umhlambi uhlala eduze nedolobhana, amakati kanye nezinja angazihambela ukuze zizuze kubantu abasha. AmaHedgehogs, izinyoka zidabula kalula izidleke futhi zizithokozise ngamaqanda. Kukhanya kakhulu iqhwa nobusika obunamakhaza nakho kuyimbangela yokufa kwenqwaba yamaphara. Ngalesi sikhathi, babuthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yokudla okunganele futhi baba inyamazane elula yezinyamazane.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Gray partridge ebusika
I-grey i-grey okwamanje ayikho kuNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia, ngokungafani ne-white partridge yayo emhlophe, esongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Isimo sale zinhlobo sizinzile ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu nokusinda kwinzalo.
Sekwedlule amakhulu eminyaka selokhu kwaphela iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa, abantu bakhona yonke indawo baqala ukuncipha, abaningi bathi lokhu kuhlanganiswa ngamakhemikhali nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane esetshenziselwa ukuphatha amasimu ezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha akhula ngokushesha ahlala ezindlini ezihlala kuwo ezingwevu ezimpunga, ngisho nezinja ezijwayelekile egcekeni ziba usongo enzalweni yazo. Isibonelo, esiFundeni saseLeningrad namuhla abekho abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane, eSifundeni saseMososia ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sizathu, i-grey partridge iseNcwadini ebomvu yalezi zindawo kanye nabanye abaningana enkabeni yezwe.
Ama-Ornithologists asekela inani lamamhubhe ngokukhipha njalo abantu abakhulele ezindlini ezindizayo ezindlini zemvelo. Ezimweni zokwenziwa, zizizwa zikhululekile kakhulu bese kuthi, ngemvelo, zisuka ngokushesha, zinikeze inzalo. Isibikezeli singaphezu kokuhle, ngokusho kochwepheshe, isibalo sabantu singabuyiselwa yonke indawo futhi i-grey partridge ngeke ife ngokuphelele - imvelo ngokwayo yanakekela lolu hlobo, ilunikeza ngamanani aphezulu okuzala.
I-Partridge, ngaphandle kokuthi kuyinyoni yasendle, ibilokhu isondele kubantu izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka. Kwakuyindondo eyamukelekile kubazingeli bakudala, futhi kusukela lapho akukho okushintshile - bayayizingela futhi, inyama yayo ibhekwa njengemnandi futhi inempilo. Iphinde ithambiswe kalula, ikhule ngezindiza.
I-Partridge ebusika nasehlobo
Le nyoni ishintsha umbala wayo kaningana ngonyaka, kodwa kunoma yikuphi ukubukeka kumangalisa. Ebusika, iplamu le-parridge liba mhlophe qhwa, kodwa imvamisa izimpaphe zalo msila zihlala zimnyama. Imilenze yakhe nayo idonsela ukunaka. Zinoboya obukhulu futhi zinamachashaza amnyama anempaphe emhlophe emfishane. Lo mbala usiza ukuhlangana nemvelo, esiza inyoni ukuthi ingagcini nje ngokuzifihla, kepha futhi iphile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zemvelo.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, amabala aphuzi kanye ansundu aqala ukuvela kuzinkumbi zephalishi, amashiya abo abomvu. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, le nyoni iba nombala, yize ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ihlala imhlophe qhwa. Ngokuqala kokushisa, kuzoba nsundu ngokuphelele noma kube nsundu. Kuphela izimpaphe, imilenze nesisu kuphela. Owesifazane uqala ukushintsha umhlobiso wakhe wasebusika ngaphambi kowesilisa. I-plumage yakhe ilula kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthola ubulili benyoni kude.
Izimo zezinyoni
Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona ama-partridge, izitshalo eziningi zama shrub zivame ukukhula. Bathanda ukuhlala emasimini ama-berry, izihlahla ezincane ze-birch naphakathi kwezihlahla zomcamelo. Kulapha lapho lezi zinyoni zingathola khona ukudla kwazo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi bachitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabeni.
Ungabona imigwaqo ebaleka kakhulu, futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi bezwa ingozi eceleni. Futhi, okuhlukile emthethweni kungabhekwa njengamanje lapho benza izindiza ezithile zonyaka. Kuyavela ukuthi ukubukeka kwezinyoni kuzisebenzela ngokuphelele. I-plumage ikuvumela ukuba ufihle ngempumelelo futhi ungabonakali, nezimbambo ezinamandla zenza kube lula ukubalekela esitheni.
Lapho kuhlala khona uhlobo olucacisiwe lwezinyoni, iqhwa lingalala isikhathi eside. Kodwa izinyoni azesabi izimo ezinzima ezinjalo, ngoba zijwayela kahle isimo sezulu esinjalo. Benza kalula ukuhamba ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa. Lapha, amadolobha athola ukudla noma ukucasha kubazingeli kanye nezilwane ezidla inyama. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukuchitha cishe usuku lonke ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa.
Abantu abahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu baphila impilo yokuhlala. Lawo makhaza ahlala insimu ye-Timan neKanin tundra nawo asebusika lapho. Lezi zindawo zicebile ngemifula.
I-Partridge ithathwa njengomhlambi wezinyoni. Isibalo sabantu abaseqenjini sincane ebusika nezinombolo ezisukela ezinkulungwaneni ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-15. Lapho isikhathi sezindiza siqala, leli nani lenyuka laya kumakhulu amaningana. Izinyoni zibhanqwa uma kufika isikhathi sokuzalela inzalo nenzalo. Abantu abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho bandizela kude nezifunda zaseningizimu phakathi nobusika
Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa
Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, owesilisa uyaguquka: ikhanda lakhe nentamo kuguquka umbala bese kuba bomvu-nsundu. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, inyoni ingaqashelwa yimisindo yayo ecacile, ebukhali. Zihambisana "nemidanso" eyingqayizivele, ehambisana nokushaywa kwamaphepha nokudubula okukhulu kwamaphiko. Owesilisa odla izindwani uba nolaka futhi uvame ukubalekela emzabalazweni wakubo, obenesibindi sokwephula indawo yakhe.
Ukuziphatha kowesifazane nakho kuyashintsha. Uma abameli bokuqala babobulili obuhlukile babengenasithakazelo kuye, manje naye ngokwakhe uzama ukuthola umuntu azoshada naye. Mating, insikazi yodwa iqala ukwakha isidleke. Indawo ivame ukukhethwa endaweni ethile ngaphansi kwesihlahla somuntu okufihla izihlahla noma phakathi kwezinye izitshalo ezinde. Lapho ubhala umgodi, abese umugqa ngezimpaphe zawo, amagatsha, amaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo eziseduze.
I-grouse iqala ukubeka amaqanda ngaphambi kwalokho ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Imvamisa upenda ngombala ophuzi ophuzi onamachashazi ambovu ayatholakala kuwo. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaba ngu-8-10. Inqubo yokubambeka yinde impela futhi ihlala okungenani izinsuku ezingama-20. Owesifazane kuphela owenza lokhu, ngaphandle kokusuka esidlekeni ngisho nomzuzu. Owesilisa uvikela nentombi yakhe namachwane asasa.
Indlela yokuphila
Inyoni enezinwele yengxenyeni enkulu inyoni ixazululwe, ikakhulukazi ehamba emhlabathini. Kwezinye izimo kuphela lapho indiza amabanga amafushane. By the way, ijubane lokugijima kwale nyoni lihle kakhulu.
I-parridge emhlophe ithanda ukuchitha wonke umsebenzi wayo phakathi nosuku, kanti ebusuku ifihla imifino. Uma sikhuluma ngesikhathi sasebusika, uyolala, wembelwe ekujuleni kweqhwa.
I-Partridge ingabizwa ngohlobo lwezinyoni eziqaphela kakhulu. Lapho efuna ukudla, uhamba ngokucophelela nangokuthula. Futhi uma ingozi isondela, leso silwane kuqala sivumela isitha sisondele ngangokunokwenzeka kuso futhi, ngomzuzu wokugcina ngaphambi kokushayisana, sizindizela ngokushesha, sishaye amaphiko aso.
Izikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni yenyoni ziqala lapho inani le-lemmings lifinyelela isilinganiso esilinganiselwe, ngakho-ke inqwaba yokudla kwesilwane inyamalala. Ukuzingela okusebenzayo kwezinyoni kuyizikhova nezimpungushe ezingama-arctic.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Brood
Yize ama-partridges ebhekwa njengezinyoni ezi-herbivorous, ezinsukwini zokuqala zenzalo zondliwa kuphela izimbungulu, izibungu, izicabucabu nezimpukane, ngoba amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa adinga amaprotheni ezilwane. Ukuvikela izingane zakhe ezingozini ezingase zivele, uyiswa endaweni ethembekile ngokwengeziwe. Lapho kwenzeka usongo oluncane, izingane zifihla endaweni eluhlaza obumanzi bese iqhwa.
Bobabili abazali banakekela amachwane aze afike ezinyangeni ezimbili zeminyaka. Ukuthathwa kwesibeletho kwenzeka ngonyaka owodwa emva kokuzalwa.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwenyoni enamapulangwe amhlophe mancane futhi sisukela eminyakeni emine kuya kwayisikhombisa.
Izici zokuphila kwezinyoni
I-partridge ihambisana kahle nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Kwiqhwa elinamandla, bacasha emakamelweni eqhwa, agcina ukushisa futhi kuvikeleke nomoya. Indlela yokuphila yokubamba iqhaza yindawo yasemhlabeni nesikhathi sasemini. Ama-keklik adla ngesikhathi sasemini, bese kuthi ebusuku aqhume eqhweni noma acashe emithini yamahlahla. Amabhuleki empilweni agijima ngokushesha, achitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku emhlabathini, ethatha kuphela engozini noma ebusika efuna ukudla.
Amamngcele ayizinyoni ezihlala phansi, kepha abantu abahlala enyakatho ye-tundra naseziqhingini zase-Arctic bayandiza baye ezindaweni eziseningizimu izinyanga ezibandayo. Ehlobo, ama-muffins akha amabhangqa, ngokuvamile abuyela kumlingani wawo, futhi ebusika ngokuvamile agcina imihlambi yabantu abangaba ngu-20.
Inani lentengiso nobuningi bezinhlobo
I-Ptarmigan isengozini yokuqothulwa, ngenxa yokuzingela ngobuningi bayo.
Inani lama-grouse lingaphansi koshintsho lomjikelezo. Ososayensi basungule umjikelezo weminyaka engu-4-5 we-oscillations. Ukushintshashintsha kwalokhu kuncike ngqo osayizi be-lemmings. Iqiniso liwukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye ezifana nesikhova esimhlophe ne-arctic fox ngokuyinhloko zidla kuma-lemmings. Lapho inani lama-lemmings lincipha, lezi zilwane ziqala ukuxhaphaza ngaphezulu kumakhampasi amhlophe.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zasendaweni, le nyoni iyinto yokuzingela okuthengiswayo. Inyama yale nyoni ithathwa njengokudla futhi inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Ukuzalanisa i-parridge ekudingisweni akusebenzi kangako. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezindiza, lezi zinyoni zikhombisa ukusinda kwe-Mediocre.
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