I-sea lamprey ingummeleli omkhulu wezibani zezibani. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela amasentimitha angama-90-100, nesisindo - ukuya kumakhilogremu amathathu. Ngemuva nangezinhlangothi kukhanya ngemivimbo emnyama-emnyama, kanti isisu simhlophe.
Lezi zinhlanzi zitholakala ngobuningi eNyakatho Atlantic Ocean - kusukela ogwini lwaseGreenland kuya eFlorida.
Bahlala naseMedithera entshonalanga naseNorway empumalanga. Kunezibane zezibani zasolwandle emifuleni yeBaltic Sea basin. Uhlobo lwechibi lamalambu ahlala eGreat Lakes of North America, ngaphambili elalihlala kuphela eLake Ontario naseMfuleni iSt Lawrence. Kepha ngo-1921, kwakhiwa umsele ngaseNiagara Falls, okwathi ngemuva kwayo kwafakwa izibani ukungena eLake Erie, yabe isingena eMichigan naseHuron.
Lapho izibani zezibani zigcwele eManzini Amakhulu, zabhubhisa inqwaba yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihwebayo, ngokwesibonelo, iziqu zechibi. Izakhamizi zechibi azikwazanga ukuncintisana nalokhu okuhlaselwe yizinambuzane, ngenxa yalokhu isibani sinegama lesibili, elihlaselayo - "The Black Scourge of the Great Lakes." Ososayensi bathatha iminyaka engama-30 ukulwa nesibani se-Great Lakes. Kungemva kokuba sebekwazi ukufunda umjikelezo wempilo walezi zinhlanzi, lapho bekwazile ukunciphisa inani labo.
Izibani zezibani zasolwandle ziyizidakamizwa ezihlaselayo, zinamathela enhlanzini bese ziyihlukumeza kancane izinsuku noma amasonto. Ama-lampreys ayamamatheke, ayakwazi ukudla inyamazane yawo yonke, kepha iningi lezinhlanzi ziyafa emanxebeni atholakala kuwo la ma-parasites. U-Lamprey ufihla izindlala ze-bile esilondeni, ezivimbela igazi ukuthi lingafiki, ngenxa yokuthi amaseli abomvu egazi ayawa futhi izicubu ziqhekeke. Ngemuva kokuthi amagciwane ahlasele inhlanzi, ukwakheka kwegazi layo kuguquka kakhulu, inyamazane iba buthaka, ayikwazi ukumelana nokutheleleka nezinye izinyamazane.
I-Salmon, i-eel, i-cod ne-sturgeon ziyisibiliboco esithandwayo se-lamprey. Kuze kubhalwe nezimo zokuhlaselwa kwalezi zinhlanzi ezidla imiphefumulo.
E-Great Lakes, izibani zezibani zivutha ekushiseni kwamanzi okungaphezu kwamadigri ayi-10. Izinsikazi zezimo zasolwandle zezibane ezihlala echibini zibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-24-170, kepha yi-1% kuphela esinda kuleso samba esikhulu, lapho kutholakala khona izibungu. Amaqanda asele afa ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula. I-Caviar ikhula cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-12. Lapho ama-larva pecks, awashiyi indawo ebheke lapho cishe izinsuku ezingama-20, abese esesha izingxenye zomfula lapho kune-detritus eningi.
Izibani zezibani zabantu abadala ziyahamba. Ososayensi bamaka ezinye izibani bazikhulula engxenyeni engasenyakatho yeTar ekwindla, futhi ngentwasahlobo lezi bezivele zisezingxenyeni ezihlukene zechibi, kanti ezinye izinhlanzi zazimboza ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-200.
Inyama yesibani sasolwandle iyadliwa, kepha ayikwaziswanga ngokudoba. Futhi indlela yezibani ezihlala eLake Great Lakes ngokuvamile ayidli.
Ngifuna ukwazi konke
Ubani obecabanga ukuthi lesi bekuyisithombe esivela kwenye i-movie ethusayo? Kwabonakala kimi isikhashana .... Nokho, angizange ngicabange ukuthi isifiso esinjalo sikhona, ngangazi ngeKylie Minogue kuphela nokuthi yikho.
Izibani - uhlobo lokuhlanza kwezilwane zasolwandle. Lamprey (Lamprey) ngokwezwi nezwi uhumusha ngokuthi "itshe lokukhotha", Ngenxa yekhono lakhona lokunamathela ezindaweni ezilukhuni. Yize ezinye izinhlobo zamalambu zaziwa kahle, okuyinto ehlala emzimbeni wezinye izinhlanzi, zincela igazi kuzo
Ama-lampreys ahlala emanzini athambisayo ngaphesheya kwezilwandle, atholakala ikakhulu emanzini olwandle asogwini noma emifuleni yamanzi acwebile. Kodwa-ke, ukuhamba lezi zilwane kude olwandle oluvulekile akuyona into engjwayelekile. Lokhu kuchaza ukungabi bodwa kokuhlukaniswa kokuzala kwezihlahla zezibani zase-Australia naseNew Zealand.
Ngaphandle, izibani zezibani zibukeka njengama-sea noma ama-eels angenamanzi amasha, yingakho kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "isibani eel", Okusho ukuthi"isibani eel". Umzimba wesilwane mude futhi umfishane ezinhlangothini. Amalambu akhula aze afike ku-1 m ubude. Azinamaphiko abhangqiwe emzimbeni, amehlo amakhulu aqhamile ekhanda nezimbobo eziyi-7 gill ezinhlangothini.
Ama-zoologists awabheki ukuthi izibani zezibani ziyizinhlanzi zakudala, ngenxa ye-morphology yazo eyingqayizivele ne-physiology. Ngakho-ke, ithambo lamakhemikhali lamalambu lisikisela ukuthi u-lamprey uyisihlobo sawo wonke ama-vertebrates anamuhla angama-maxillary. Bangabazingeli futhi, bahlasela inyamazane yabo, banamathela emzimbeni wesisulu, besebenzisa amazinyo abo ukuluma esikhunjeni futhi baye egazini.
I-sea lamprey iyi-vertebrate yasemanzini yekilasi le-cyclostome elinomzimba omude onqunu wenyoka. "Hhayi isilwane, hhayi inhlanzi." - usho abadobi ngaye.
Kuhola indlela yokuphila edlulayo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ibuthana ezikoleni eziseduzane nemifula. Ukudlulela emifuleni kwenzeka ngoNovemba-Disemba. Ikhuphuka inyukela ngamashumi amaningi (emifuleni emikhulu - amakhulukhulu) amakhilomitha, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ukubukeka kwamakhandlela kubhekana nezinguquko ezithile (umzimba ufinyezwa, futhi amaphiko, kunalokho, ayanda), kufana nokuhambisana kanye nosalimoni. Uyayeka ukudla, ngakho-ke amathumbu ayafa. Ubusika emanzini acwebile, onwabile ngoMeyi-Juni. ICaviar ibekwa emigodini, ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, abesilisa abaningana bahlanganiswa nabamunca umlomo ekhanda lowesifazane. Ukuzala amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-70-100. Ngemuva kokusabalala, isibani sePacific siyafa. Izibungu, esibizwa ngokuthi izimvemvane, sikhipha amaqanda abekwe, angafani kangako nabantu abadala. Bahlala emfuleni, bangcwatshwe esihlabathini noma kusilika (yingakho igama) futhi bedla izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Njengoba sesifinyelele eminyakeni emine ubudala, i-metamorphosis iguquka ibe ngamalambu amadala abantu abadala nge-metamorphosis bese isheleleka olwandle ngonyaka wesihlanu, lapho behola khona impilo yokuhlanza, bondla egazini nasemisipha yezinhlanzi.
Amacala okuhlaselwa okwenziwa ngamalambu asolwandle ngisho nasemikhayeni ayachazwa. Njengoba ebambelele ezinhlanzini, izibani zesibani kwesinye isikhathi izinsuku ezimbalwa ngisho namasonto ambalwa zihlukumeza kancane. Ukudla okuthandwayo kwesibani se-sea salmon yi-salmon, i-sturgeon, i-eel, i-cod nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ama-lampreys ayamamatheke kakhulu, kepha inhlanzi engenakubalwa ifa ngamanxeba abangelwa izibani. Amalambu angena esilondeni sesisulu sokuqothuka kwezindlala ze-buccal kuvimbela ukwanda kwegazi, kubangele ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi nokuqhekeka kwezicubu. Ukwakheka kwegazi kwisibani esithintwe yisibani sishintsha kakhulu; kuya buthaka futhi kutholakale kalula kwezinye izinambuzane nezinyamazane. Ama-lampreys adla kakhulu kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho ebuthana emhlambini.
Kwezinye izindawo zasendaweni yayo (ngokwesibonelo, e-Amur), isibani sePacific siyinto ebalulekile yokudoba, etholakala ngezicupho ezikhethekile ngesikhathi sokuhluma.
Lamprey yinhlanzi eyaziwa ngumuntu isikhathi eside. Izinhlanzi ezindala kakhulu ezitholakala emithini yasolwandle eNyakatho Melika zibhalwa ngesikhathi seCarboniferous, i.e. cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-360 edlule. Izinsalela ezitholakele ze-lamprey yasendulo, kanye nezinhlobo zesimanje, zazinamazinyo amaningi emlonyeni wayo, zenzelwe ukumunca kanye nemishini emide ye-gill.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 zalezi zinhlanzi. Ama-Lampreys ahlala kuwo wonke amanzi afudumele aseNyakatho nase Ntshonalanga Hemispheres, futhi ngisho nase-Arctic Ocean basin. Ngokuvamile kutholakala eRussia, ikakhulukazi emifuleni emikhulu nasemachibini.
E-Russia yase-Europe, izinhlobo ezi-3 zidlangile: umfudlana (uhlala emifudlaneni nasemifuleni emincane), umfula (uhlala emifuleni emikhulu) nasolwandle (isisekelo soLwandle iCaspian). Isibani somfula sikhulu kune-brood.
Ama-lampreys anobuchopho obuvikelwe ohlangothini lwe-pharynx ngogebhezi. Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi yezibani ihlukaniswe ebuchosheni nasentanjeni yomgogodla. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi. Azinamathambo, azikho izimbambo. Ikholomu yabo yomgogodla ithathelwa indawo yi-vyzigoy ebizwa ngokuthi yi-vyzigoy.
Izinzwa zilula. Amehlo awakhuli kahle. Isitho sokuzwa yindlebe yangaphakathi. Izitho zomqondo eziyinhloko yimigqa ye-lateral. Zifanekiselwa i-fossae engajulile, ezansi lapho kutholakala khona iziphetho zezinzwa zesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
Ngenxa yokungabikho kwesigaxa sokubhukuda namaphini abhangqiwe, izibani zisebenzisa iningi lempilo yazo ezansi kwemifula namachibi. Bangabusuku. Esikhathini esiningi babhukuda bodwa, kepha ngaphambi kokuhlakazeka bahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Ama-lampreys izinhlayiya zezinhlanzi. Inyama yenhlanzi iwukudla kwabo okuyinhloko. Basesha ngaphansi kwenhlanzi efile noma ephilayo (ebanjwe enetheni noma ishiywe emanzini ngokhonkolo). Ngemilomo yazo emikhulu, izibani zesibani zinamathela emzimbeni wesisulu futhi zishayela isikhumba senhlanzi ngamazinyo amaningi. Bese kuza ulimi olunamandla olunamazinyo ekugcineni. Ngosizo lwayo, u-lamprey udla kakhulu emzimbeni wesisulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ikhipha amajusi wokugaya ukudla inyamazane bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana ikhiphe ukudla okugaywe ngokwengxenye.
Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwabo, izibani zezibane zivame ukuba inyamazane yezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezinjenge-catfish, i-burbot kanye nama-eels. Lezi zokugcina zibathanda kakhulu.
Izibani zezibani zasemfuleni zisinda ikakhulukazi. Isibonelo, angakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside ngisho nesisu esidabukile.
Ukuqhuma kweLamprey kwenzeka entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, emanzini amasha. Ziveza ukugeleza okusheshayo phakathi kwamatshe. Owesifazane unamathela etsheni, nowesilisa alale ngemuva kwekhanda. Ngemuva kwalokho iyagoba ukuze isisu sayo icindezelwe ngokumelene nesisu sowesifazane. Lapho eqala ukukhipha amasende akhe, owesilisa ukhipha ubisi. Ukuphonswa kweqanda kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Ngesikhathi, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9-10. Iningi lazo livalekile okwamanje ngaphansi kwamatshe. Ngemuva kokuqhekeka, izibani zezibani ziyafa.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, izingane ezincane zibonakala zibukeka njengezimpethu ezimhlophe qwa. Zicwilisa esihlabathini noma kusilika. Kulokhu, isibungu sabizwa i-ambulensi. Kuleli fomu, izibungu ziphila iminyaka engama-4-5. Ngaphandle, bahluke kakhulu kubazali babo. Zinjengezinhlanzi, umlomo wazo ungakabi nesimo esiyindilinga.
Ukudoba iLamprey kuvame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eRussia. Bathi unenyama emnandi kakhulu. Kufanele uzame.
Sengicishe ngakhohlwa, kunamacala okuhlaselwa kwezibani zamalambu kubantu, kodwa hhayi eRussia.
Umuntu ubesebenzisa izibani zezibane zeminyaka eminingana. Le nhlanzi yayaziwa kakhulu ngamaRoma asendulo, ayithatha njengokudla okumnandi, njengama-eels. E-Europe, izibani zezibani zazithandwa ngabantu bendawo ephakathi nabachumayo, ababekuthanda ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla ezitsheni zenhlanzi yendabuko ngenxa yokudla kwamafutha amakhulu kakhulu.
Inani lokudla
Amanzi: i-76g, iprotheni: i-17.5g, okuqukethwe okuphelele kwamafutha / i-lipid: aze afike ku-40g, ama-carbohydrate: 0.0g, umlotha: 0,8g. Okuqukethwe okumaphakathi kwekhalori: 132Kcal / 100g.
Ubuthi besikhunta sesikhumba buvimbele ukusetshenziswa kwezibani zezibani eRussia kuze kufike ikhulu le-19. Isidlakela esasijwayele cishe yonke inyakatho yeYurophu sasingaziwa ngokuphelele lapha. Futhi ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia lamprey, njengokudla bekungaziwa ngokuphelele kuze kube muva nje, eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule kwezinye izifundazwe bakwenza ... amakhandlela, bawomisa wonke futhi bahudula i-wick emzimbeni (okuqukethwe okunamafutha - kuze kufike ku-50% wevolumu!).
Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
Ifakwe emifweni, ivuniwe uviniga, ugcotshwe ngo-uviniga ngezinongo, kufanele igezwe ubuthi.
Kubhekwe isibani
I-1,2-1,5 kg ye-lamplowrey ephakathi (ama-3-4 ama-pcs), 3 tbsp newayini elimhlophe elomile, u-0,5 kg kasawoti owuhlaza.
Hlobisa: ulamula, amahlumela ambalwa we-parsley, ulethisi.
U-Lamprey wahlanza, wanquma ikhanda nesisu, ngaphandle kokusika esiswini. Esitsheni esinamagumbi noma kubhasikidi omncane, uthele amanzi, ugobe isibani bese ufaka usawoti ngesilinganiso sezipuni ezi-2 ngekhilogremu. Cwilisa i-lamprey ngosawoti imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwe-20, hlamba i-mucus ne-foam bese uyigcwalisa ngosawoti. Phinda inqubo izikhathi ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho iningi lama-mucus lisusiwe.
Beka izibani zamalambu ezigeziwe emigqeni eshinini lokubhaka elomile noma isikhunta ngosayizi owanele bese ubeka kuhhavini preheated kuya ku-180-200 degrees. Ungakhathazeki, ngeke zishise - i-lamprey iyinhlanzi enamafutha impela, kwanele emafutheni akhe.
Bhaka imizuzu engama-30-35. Khonza okushisayo, ngemuva kokuthulula ujusi osele kuxutshwe newayini le-3 elimhlophe elomile. Gqiba isidlo ngosawoti, iparsley nocezu kalamula.
Kukhethwe uLamprey
I-1 kg yesilambu se-medium ((ama-pcs ama-3-4), iMarinade, esuselwa ku-1 kg ka-lamprey: U-olive we-Olive (yemifino) lapho isibani sigcotshwe khona, u-anyanisi o-2 ophakathi, ujusi welamula owodwa no-zest kusuka engxenyeni yawo, isipuni esingu-1 sikaviniga noma i-apula), umhlabathi osanda kwenziwa (omkhulu!) upelepele omnyama, amaqabunga ama-2 bay, ama-3 efihlekile, ushukela ongu-1 tsp, ingilazi yamanzi.
Isiboshwa esisanda kubanjwa (bukhoma) kufanele sibekiwe. Izinhlamvu zamalahle zisusa umphunga wesikhumba. Ngemuva kwalokho gut futhi hashaza kahle. Faka kancane usawoti kanye nenkathi kufulawa. Umbala onsundu kancane ohlangothini ngalunye - imizuzu emi-3-4 - ku-olive (yemifino) uwoyela. Bese uguqulela i-'fish 'emoyeni omusha nesiqandisini (uyise kubhaluni elibandayo ebusika bese ulihlisela egumbini elingaphansi kwehlobo). Ukhethiwe, uthathe izingcezu ezi-3-4. Ungafaki uvalwe kakhulu embizeni.
Lungisa i-marinade kusuka emikhiqizweni efakwe kuhlu bese uthele i-lamprey elungiselelwe isashisa namanje. Vala isivalo bese ushiya esiqandisini. Ngemuva kosuku noma ezimbili, amafomu ajwayelekile we-jelly, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu - i-bon appetit!
U-Lamprey ubanjwa amanetha nezicupho kulezo zindawo lapho le ndlela yokudoba ivunyelwe. Ngenxa yohlobo lokudla okunempilo, u-lamprey akabanjwa ngemishini yezemidlalo. Isibungu se-lamprey esaziwa eRussia ngaphansi kwegama elithi "spindle" siyisibambiso esihle sokubamba u-bream, ide, burbot, pike, perch nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi. Bayithola ngotshani basogwini, bayigeza ngesihlungo.
Mayelana nokudotshwa kwezibani ezimboni, kanye nezinye izici zale nhlanzi, ungabona embikweni wevidiyo ovela eThabeni laseKhabarovsk laseRussia ekugcineni kwephosi.