Ngokwengxenye enkulu, yasendle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukujwayela ukuhlala ekhaya, ama-minks anoboya obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izilwane zoboya futhi ahlukile kubo ngokobunjalo babo nomlingiswa odlalayo.

Indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo yayicishe ibe yinqabile, nokho, ngemuva kokunquma mink njengesilwanekwehle kakhulu. Ukuzala ama-mink ngokufuya izilwane kudume kakhulu futhi njengamanje, lokhu kungenxa yekhwalithi yoboya bayo kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sayo.

Incazelo Nezici

Qhwa - isisulu esivela ekuhlelweni kwezilwane ezincelisayo, esibonakaliswa ngumzimba ophakeme wesimo esinjengomugqa. Ngokubukeka, kufana ne-ferret, zivame ukudideka ngenxa yomzele omncane omncane ofanayo, okunzima ukuwuphawula ngoboya obukhulu, onamadlebe ayindilinga.

Isilwane sinamazinyo abukhali, athi ngaphandle kobunzima angaluma isilonda somuntu futhi asincike isikhathi eside. Ukwenza isilwane sibe sengozini enkulu futhi sivule imihlathi yaso, kuyadingeka ukuyithatha ngentamo bese siyishaye ekhaleni.

Ngenxa ye-vibrissa, i-mink ine-charm enhle kakhulu nokuthinta, kepha imilenze emifushane yephula ikhono layo lokuhamba ngokushesha ebusweni. Emilenzeni kukhona iminwe embozwe uboya, phakathi kwayo kukhona izingqimba zokubhukuda ezelulwa emilenzeni ingemuva. Lokhu kuvumela i-mink ukuthi ihlale kahle ngokufutheka futhi ingene ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokushesha, futhi yenze ukuhamba emhlabeni kube yinqwaba.

I-mink inamehlo amancane, futhi ukubona kwamehlo kubuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, isilwane sincike kuphela emnweni wokuphunga owakhiwe kahle. Lokhu kumnika ithuba elihle kakhulu kunezinye izitha, ngoba angakwazi ukuzingela ngisho nasebusuku. I-mink inokusabela kombani ezintweni ezihambayo, kepha uma inyamazane ithatha indawo ebekiwe, khona-ke izoba nethuba lokunganakwa ngumphangi.

Abesilisa bahluka ngosayizi kwabesifazane, owokuqala osindayo angafika ku-4 kg, kuthi owesibili afike ku-2 kg ubukhulu. Abafana bakhula bafinyelele ku-55 cm ubude futhi amantombazane afinyelela ku-45 cm. Ijazi loboya besilwane liqukethe izinwele ezimfishane futhi ezibushelelezi, eziphelele, ezingenabala, zinamabala ocwebezelayo.

Ukushintsha izinkathi zonyaka akuthinti ijazi loboya besilwane. I-mink ihlala inejazi loboya obukhulu. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi angenele emanzini ngeqondo lokushisa elingaba ngama-degree Celsius, ngaphandle kokuzwa ebanda. Futhi ngemuva kokuba i-mink iphume emanzini, isilwane sihlala somile, ngoba ijazi loboya obukhulu empeleni alunamanzi.

Umbala wesilwane uhlukahluka kakhulu, usuka kokumhlophe nge-tint eblue, uphetha ngombala onsundu. Mink emnyama yaqala ukubonakala eCanada, ngakho ibizwa ngokuthi yiCanadaan, kanti noboya balolu hlobo buthathwa njenge- “dayimane elimnyama” futhi kunentengo ephezulu kakhulu.

Phakathi kwama-mink acishe abe yizigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu ahlala ezindaweni ezihlukile, izinhlobo ezine eziphambili ziyahlukaniswa. Babizwa ngokuthi yi-European, American, Russian ne Scandinavia.

I-mink yaseYurophu ingabamba iso lakho eduze kwezindawo ezigcina i-Eastern Europe naseSiberia. Ngempela usebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe emanzini, lokhu kungahlulelwa ngokubonakala thula esithombeni, inenhloko ekhothwe kancane nezitho ezakhiwe kahle phakathi kweminwe. Ama-mink aseYurophu anezinwele ezimfushane ezenza ijazi lawo libe nsundu ngombala omnyama noma mpunga bushelelezi futhi licwebezele.

I-mink yaseMelika evela eNyakatho Melika ihluke kakhulu kuma-mink aseYurophu ngobukhulu bayo, yinde futhi isindayo, futhi inophawu olwahlukile ngesimo sendawo ekhanyayo ngaphansi komlomo. Umbala wemvelo wejazi ungasuka kumnyama uye omhlophe. Iphelele mink emhlophecishe kube waseMelika.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinsana ezi-fluffy ziye zaba yingcebo yangempela kososayensi ababefuna ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezintsha, ngoba yi-mink yaseMelika kuphela enezakhi zofuzo ezikhethekile ezinomthelela oqondile emthunzini woboya bayo.

Uma i-European mink eYurophu yayiyi-aborigine, khona-ke i-mink yaseMelika yalethwa ezwekazini ngemuva kwesikhathi esizayo ukuze izale ezindaweni ezigcinwe ezitolo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukujwayela impilo yasendle, baqala ukwehlisa izilwane ukuze zikhululeke futhi umakhelwane onjalo waba nomphumela olimazayo ku-mink yaseYurophu.

Inani labantu ababodwa balezi zinhlobo baqala ukuncipha, umhlaseli wazohlobo lweMelika wehlela ngokushesha i-European. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ama-minks aseMelika naseYurophu, yize ayebukeka ngokufana, avela kokhokho abahlukahlukene. Izimo ezifanayo zokuphila zisize izilwane ukuba zithole ukufana okubalulekile, kepha ngenxa yokuncintisana kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kusukela ngo-1996 abaseYurophu mink - Isilwane Esibomvu.

Idlozi le-mink yaseRussia laliyiNyakatho Melika, kwaba ngesisekelo sokuthi abalimi boboya eminyakeni yama-30s yekhulu lamashumi amabili baletha lokhu kubukeka okuhle. Ijazi le-mink fur laseRussia libonakaliswa izinwele ezinde futhi elingaphansi kwangaphansi, futhi umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka ko-brown kuya kumnyama.

INyakatho Yurophu ithathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwe-Scandinavia mink, kepha namuhla abantu balolu hlobo banobuqili futhi bayizilwane ezivame kakhulu (cishe ama-80%) kubo bonke abameleli balezi zilwane. it brown mink ngombala ocebile, okhulunywayo futhi ngokuphelele, ubude obulingana, izinwele ezithambile.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Imongo iyasebenza. Iyasebenza, ikakhulukazi endaweni yasemanzini, lapho, sibonga ukwakheka komzimba wayo, iqonde kahle phambi nangemilenze yangemuva futhi idlulela phambili, idonsa futhi iqhubekela phansi.

Ngaphansi kwamanzi, inyamazane encane ingafika cishe imizuzu emibili, bese iphuma, ingene emoyeni bese iphinda isenzo. Ingozi esondelayo emhlabeni ingenza isilwane size ngisho ukukhuphukela esihlahleni noma egatsheni lesihlahla.

Mink - isilwane, okuholela kwendlela yokuphila eyedwa, ukhetha izindawo ezithule nezisodwa endaweni yayo yokuhlala. Isibonelo, ngasogwini lwezindawo zokugcina amanzi amnandi, imifula emincane noma amachibi amachibi.

Izimbungulu zihlala ezigungwini ezivulekile ezizungezwe amanzi, noma ezigodini ezimbiwe, lapho kufanele kube khona nokutholakala kwamanzi. Lokhu kungaba yimibhede yakudala yamagundane amanzi noma ukudana kwendalo, lapho iminkini ngokwengeziwe ihloma khona ngombhede wotshani noma izimpaphe.

I-Mink yisilo esidla inyama enomzimba oqinile futhi omude, ukuhamba okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ingumzingeli ofanele, angabamba futhi adle noma yisiphi isilwane esincane, esimweni semvelo yasemanzini nasemhlabeni. Uzitholela ukudla, enza into ayithandayo - ukudoba.

Izilwane ezilwayo ezinama-mink zingama-river otter nezinja eziqanjiwe. Ama-Otter, ngoba zombili lezi zinhlobo zemvelo zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifanayo, kepha izimbumbulu zangaphambili zokudonsela indawo, ngokuba namandla, amakhudlwana futhi ashesha. Futhi izinja ngephunga zithola izidleke zezilwane zoboya bese zibhubhisa inzalo yazo, nakuba kubantu abadala zingenangozi kangako.

I-Mink iholela ikakhulukazi empilweni yasesikhathini, yingakho ingabonakali kakhulu kusihlwa kakhulu noma ekuseni kakhulu eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Ukusuka kokulandela kwesokunxele, umuntu angahlulela ubukhona be-mink endaweni ethile noma kwenye. Imikhondo yezidladla zayo ifana namathrekhi wesibalo, kepha sikhulu futhi siyindilinga. Emikhondweni efundile, i-mink iyahamba nsuku zonke, imaka insimu ngamamaki anephunga nawokubuka.

Iba osebenzayo ngangokunokwenzeka. mink entwasahlobolapho kuvela izibonakaliso zokuqala zokuzingela ngokocansi kwabesifazane futhi umjaho uqala, nasekwindla, lapho abasha bephinda benziwa futhi izindawo ezihle kakhulu, ezinokuthula nokuzolile zitholakala ukuze zihlale.

Umsoco

Ukudla kwe-mink kusekelwe kunhlanzi encane yasemfuleni. Njengoba isilwane sivame ukuzuza ukudla ngokudoba, ama-perches, ama-tench, ama-minnows kanye nama-gobies abe yisisulu sawo. Isilwane esino-furry asisiyantokozo yokudla ezinye izilwane ezincane ezisezindaweni eziseduze namachibi: ama-mollusks, amasele, crayfish noma amagundane asemfuleni. Ngenxa yokuqina nokusebenza kwayo, i-mink iyakwazi ukulinda futhi ibambe inyoni yasendle, i-squirrel encane noma i-muskrat.

Ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho ukuzingela kungenazithelo, ama-mink obukeka e-Europe aqiniswa ngezimpande zezihlahla, ama-lingonberry asendle namajikijolo asentabeni, atholakala ngembewu. Njengoba ubusika busondela, izilwane zigcinwa nezinhlanzi namajikijolo, zizibeka ekhaya lazo. I-mink yaseMelika ithanda ukudla i-crayfish, kuye lokhu kudla okumnandi kunobuhlakani kunenhlanzi.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-mink ayikwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu kwezokudoba, ngoba idla izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingezona ezentengiso. Ebusika, lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo kufanele zizingele kuphela emhlabathini, ngoba imizimba yamanzi eyayiyindawo yayo yokuzingela iqhwa.

Kulesi amagundane namanye amagundane, ama-mink aqothulwa kakhulu ebusika kunasehlobo. Ngakho-ke, i-mink inakekela imvelo futhi ilawula inani lamagundane amancane alimaza imvelo. Kudingeka ama-gramu angama-200 kuphela wokudla ngosuku ukuze i-mink ephakathi ukwanelise indlala.

Angakwazi ukuhlukanisa leli nani lokudla libe kukudla okungu-4-9 ngosuku. Uma okuphakelayo okutholakalayo kuzoba ngaphezu kwalokhu okujwayelekile, isilwane esimangazayo siyoshiya imithombo ebekelwe umgodi waso. I-Mink ingabhekwa njengesilo esimnandi kakhulu, ithanda ukudla izilwane ezintsha, futhi izothinta kuphela inyama emdaka ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4 zendlala. Ngakho-ke, umhlaseli uvuselela amasheya akhe njalo ukuze angahlangani nale nkinga.

Uma sikhuluma ngama-mink ahlala ekudingisweni, khona-ke ngokuvamile aphekelwa inhlanzi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi okusanhlamvu, imifino ngisho nemikhiqizo yobisi. Emapulazini ezilwane nasemapulazini aqaphe ngokucophelela ukulingana kokudla kwezilwane, ngoba ikhwalithi incike kuyo mink fur.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokukhwelana (mating) kuma-minks senzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, okungukuthi kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi. Ukuze zizalwe, abesilisa bakhetha izinsikazi ngendawo yazo (lapho i-mink isondele khona, iphakama amathuba okuthola inzalo).

Uma abesilisa abaningana bezenza owesimame oyedwa ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke phakathi kwabo umzabalazo uqala futhi onolaka kakhulu ekugcineni uthola ithuba lokushada nge-mink ekhethiwe, bese bonke abanye beyofuna. Endle, izinkonkwane zohlobo olufanayo azikwazi ukushada (isb. europeanmink kanye neMelika), imibungu yabo e-hybrid ifa kungekudala ngemuva kokuvela.

Ukukhulelwa kwe-mink kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-40 kuye kwezingama-72 (kuya ngohlobo, ukudla nendlela yokuphila). Ngenxa yalokhu, insikazi eyodwa inganikeza izingane zamawundlu angama-2-7, kanti ezinhlotsheni zaseMelika uhlobo lwezinhlwayi lwakha izilwane ezingaba yishumi.

Izimbungulu zizalwa zincanyana, cishe azimbozwa ngoboya futhi zingaboni ngokuphelele. Zikhula ngokushesha, ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2, bese izilwane ezisencane zishintshela ekudleni ezitholwa ngunina. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi abayibambi iqhaza empilweni yezizukulwane zabo futhi bazinza ngokwahlukana.

Eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa, ama-mink aqala ukukhombisa ukusebenza, izingane ziziphatha ngokudlala, futhi ngoJulayi sezivele zikhula ngokwenele (kuze kube usayizi kamama) ukuze ziphume emgodini.

Ngo-Agasti, ekugcineni bakhula, bafinyelele usayizi wabantu abadala, baqale ukuzingela ngokuzimela futhi bazitholele ukudla, futhi ekugcineni bashiye ikhaya labazali. Ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwezingane, ama-mink ngokuzimela aqala ukuhlomisa imisele yawo eduze namachibi nemifula eseduze.

Kwabesifazane, ukuthomba kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-10-12 futhi kuze kube seminyakeni engu-3 ubudala kuneveli ephezulu yokuzala, bese yehla. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ngeminyaka engu-1.5-2. Isilinganiso sokuphila okulindelekile kwama-minks ezigangeni zasendle zisuka eminyakeni eyi-8 kuye kweyi-10, futhi ekudingisweni kucishe kube kabili futhi kungafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15.

Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwama-minks endimeni engafakwa kumuntu ihlala incishiswa. Izilwane zeFur zithathelwa ngamandla ngabantu, ngenxa yokucabanga kwabo baba ukutholwa okubalulekile kwamapulazi ezilwane namapulazi ezilwane. Ngakho-ke, abantu abazalanisa ama-mink bagcina amandla okulawula ukwehluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-Mink yisilwane esincane esinejazi elibushelelezi, ikakhulu ngombala onsundu. Uyilungu elibalulekile lomndeni womfelokazi, ungowezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngobude, lesi silwane asidluli amasentimitha ayisihlanu, okuthi kuwo amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu kuhlala umsila owodwa.

Endle, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-mink zihlala:

Lezi zinhlobo zama-mink zinokuhlukahluka ngokubukeka nezimpawu zokuma, kepha azibalulekile. Ngenxa yokuvela kwemvelo, izimo ezifanayo zokuphila, lezi zilwane zathola ukufana okuphezulu. Isici esibonakalayo sawo wonke ama-minks wukuba khona kolwelwesi olukhethekile phakathi kwezinzwane. Nguye owenza izilwane zibhukude kakhulu.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: izinhlobo zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zivela ngokuphelele kokhokho abahlukahlukene. I-mink yaseYurophu yehla kwikholamu, kuyilapho i-mink yaseMelika ithathwa njengesihlobo esiseduze sama-martens.

Isikhathi eside kakhulu, i-mink yaseYurophu yayiyinto eyinhloko yokudoba. Kodwa-ke, namuhla kuhamba kancane, kepha ngokuzethemba kuthathelwe indawo ngumMelika. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu bohlobo, ukungeniswa kanye nokufuya okusheshayo kwesilwane saseMelika.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Lo mmeleli wama-marten amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu anikeza isidingo somhlaba wonke soboya. Kunencazelo elula yalesi sibalo - ama-minks azala ngokumangalisayo ekudingisweni.

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Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Animal Mink

I-Mink iyisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-weasels, i-ferrets, izipikha. Izinhlobo zemvelo zesilwane zingezaseYurophu nezaseMelika, kepha ekudingisweni, ososayensi bavune ezinye izinhlobo ezinezimpawu ezithuthukisiwe. Izimbungulu ziyizilwane ezincane ezinomzimba omude. Umzimba unokuguquguquka okuhle, futhi ubude bawo, ngokwesilinganiso, ngamasentimitha amane namashumi amathathu.

Ividiyo: Mink

Lezi zilwane zinomsila omncane, kodwa omile kakhulu. Ubude bawo buqala kushumi nambili kuye emashumini ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye. Isisindo somhlaseli asikho ngaphezu kwama-800 amagremu. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlaka, isilo ngokwemvelo singangena emigodini ehlukahlukene, sicashe ngokushesha uma kunengozi futhi sihlale kalula emanzini.

Okubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu o-mink uboya. Isisulu esincane sinobuhle obuhle kakhulu, obukhulu futhi obunobukhulu obukhulu. Umshini uvimba isilwane ukuthi singamanzi ngisho nangemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini. Enye inzuzo yoboya bayo “besikhathi sokudonswa”. Umehluko phakathi kwesembozo sehlobo nobusika mncane kakhulu. Umbala wesilwane ungaba nsundu, ubomvu okhanyayo, ube nsundu futhi ube mnyama.Umbala usatshalaliswa ngokulingene, kuphela esiswini ungaba lula.

Izimbungulu zinomunxa omncane, izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga. Isizalo sibunjiwe kancane kusuka phezulu, futhi izindlebe zinokubukeka okuyindilinga futhi empeleni aziveli ngaphansi koboya. Izindwangu phakathi kwezinzwane kuthiwa. Ikakhulu ziqhakaza emilenzeni yangemuva. Futhi, ukuba khona kwendawo emhlophe kuwuphawu lwalezi zilwane. Imvamisa ibekwa esilevini, kepha kuyenzeka futhi esifubeni.

Kubukeka kanjani

Ngokuvamile mink isilwane esidliwayo esisemndenini womndeni we-marten. Umsebenzi omkhulu owenzeka ebumnyameni nasebusuku. Ubude bomzimba bungama-28-45 cm anesisindo somzimba esingu-500-800 gr.Cunyi fur mfushane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye futhi siwugqinsi, angavumeli ukuba kubanda ngisho nangamakhaza. Umbala umdaka onsundu noma ungabizwa nangokuthi "ushokoledi omnyama", onsundu, ubomvu, kepha akuvamile ukuthi isilwane sibe nomucu noma ibala esilevini noma esifubeni. By the way, umzimba we-mink uyathakazelisa, futhi ufana ne-ferret! Ngemuva kwakho konke, umzimba mude, isihlakala sesincane, umsila uqweqwe, izindlebe zincanyana, nemilenze iqinile.

Vele, ngezindlu mink ukhetha amahlathi anotshani obukhulu obukhulu, eduze nezixhaphozi noma imifula. Amanzi asiza i-rodent hhayi ukufihla isitha kuphela, kodwa futhi nokudla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ku isabelo akuhlanganisi nje kuphela amagundane amancane, kepha futhi namaxoxo, inhlanzi (isiziba, inhlwathi, isentimitha, i-gudgeon, i-squint), i-crayfish, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane zasemanzini ngisho nesikhafu! Kuliqiniso, isilwane sidla imfucuza kuyaqabukela, sikhethe ukudla okusha.

Ihlala kuphi i-mink?

Isithombe: I-American Mink

Phambilini, indawo yokuhlala kwama-mink ibibanzi impela. Kusuka eFinland kuya emithambekeni yezintaba zase-Ural. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izilwane zasakazeka kulo lonke elaseFrance, eSpain. Kodwa-ke, kuningi okushintshile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Abamele umndeni wakwaKunih baya ngokuya bencipha. Isibalo sawo sehlile kakhulu kunendawo yaso engokomlando, futhi kwezinye izifunda lezi zilwane zisenyamalele ngokuphelele.

Namuhla, indawo esemthethweni yezinkambi zaseYurophu iqukethe izingcezwana ezimbalwa: i-Ukraine neRussia, inyakatho yeSpain, intshonalanga yeFrance, ezinye izifunda zaseRomania. Isilwane lesi sitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane namakhulu amabili ukusuka olwandle. Izinhlobo zaseMelika zivamile eNyakatho Melika. Kodwa-ke, futhi yalethwa eYurophu, eNyakatho ye-Asia. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kuye kwalethwa ama-minks angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine eMelika. Ngasikhathi sinye, le nhlobo ifakwa ngenkani emapulazini eboya ahlukahlukene.

Ezindaweni zokuhlala zanamuhla, inani le-mink lehle kakhulu. Okuhlukile kungabizwa ngokuthi yiRomania kanye nezifunda eziningana zaseRussia: I-Arkhangelsk, iVologda, iTver. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi baveza ukukhathazeka ngokuthi maduze nje nalapho inani labantu lalezi zilwane lizoqala ukuncipha. Izimbungungu zaseYurophu zinyamalala hhayi nje ngenxa yemvelo emibi noma ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kodwa ngenxa yokusakazeka okusheshayo kwezinhlobo zaseMelika.

Ukuziphatha

I-European mink ihlala osebeni lwemifula noma imifudlana emincane, egcwele izitshalo eziningi. Akuvamisile ukuba kubonakale ezindlini ezivalekile. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ingahlala ekuphakameni okufika ku-1,500 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ubude bendawo yasekhaya ogwini busukela ku-2 kuya ku-13 km kwabesifazane kuya ku-44 km kwabesilisa. Ukuba khona kweziza ezinkulu kangako kuchazwa inani eliphansi lezilwane.

I-Mink ihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, ngokunqoba i-1 kuya ku-2 km ubusuku ngabunye. Angabumba izimbobo eziningana endaweni yendawo yakhe yokuzingela etholakala emanzini aseduze, noma asebenzise indawo yokuhlala yemvelo nezindawo ezishiyiwe zezinye izilwane. Imbobo ngayinye inekamelo lokuphumula, indlu yangasese kanye nokuphuma okumbili okuholela emanzini nasezindongeni ezinkulu. Indawo yokuhlala ngaphakathi ifakwe ngotshani, moss kanye nezimpaphe ezincane zezinyoni.

Ngabe kudlani mink?

Photo: Black Mink

Ukudla kwe-mink kwansuku zonke kungaqukatha:

• Amagundane anjengegundane: amagundane amanzi, amagundane wensimu,
• Izinhlanzi. Izilwane ngeke zenqabe ama-perches, ama-minnows, ama-trout. Ngokuvamile, bangadla cishe noma yiziphi izinhlanzi,
• Izilwane zasolwandle: crayfish, igobolondo, izinambuzane zasolwandle ezahlukahlukene,
• Ama-Amphibians: ama-tadpoles, ubuhlalu obuncane, amasele, i-caviar.

Izilwane ezihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zivame ukuhanjelwa ngabantu ukuze zithole imicibisholo. Bahlebela emihlangeni, bephonsa inkukhu futhi babambe izinkukhu ngenkani. Uma isilwane silambe kakhulu, khona-ke akunakuba namahloni ngodoti wokudla komuntu. Kodwa-ke, amalungu amaningi omndeni asakuthanda ukudla ukudla okusha. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke bangabulawa yindlala, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezine.

Izinki zivame ukubonwa ezihlahleni. Lapho bangadlela amaqanda ezinyoni. I-mink evamile idla cishe amagremu angamakhulu amabili okudla ngosuku, mhlawumbe okusha. Uma ngesikhathi sokuzingela lesi silo sifikelwa inyamazane enkulu, khona-ke singasishiya isikhathi sokulamba noma ebusika. Isisulu sicashe endaweni yokukhosela ekhethekile.

Izinki ziyizidlakela eziqinile. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ukuzingela okungaphumelelanga, kungenzeka okwesikhashana kudle ukudla okungekho uphawu oluthile kubo: amajikijolo, izimpande, amakhowe, imbewu. Uma isilwane sigcinwe ekhaya, khona-ke abantu basondla ngeziphakelo ezikhethekile (ezomile nezimanzi) nezifo zezinhlanzi.

Inqubo yesikhumba nokushiyeka okunokwenzeka

Izinto ezingavuthiwe zingena kumashopu zisesimweni esigciniwe. Ngemuva kwalokho iwizadi iqala ukugqoka, equkethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Faka. Ukuthambisa izikhumba zimanzi.
2. Ukupheka Ngosizo lokufakwa kwe-mezdril, konke ukusikeka kwenyama namafutha angaphansi kususwa ezikhumbeni.
3. Ukukhetha. Inhloso yokubeka izisebenzi zomsebenzi ngesixazululo esikhethekile se-asidi kasawoti ukuvimba izinqubo zokubola ze-mezra, ukuthambisa amakholomu we-collagen kanye nokunikeza i-acidity edingekayo ukusikwa okwalandela.
4. Ukuhlanza. Ukucubungula indawo yokusebenza ngezixazululo zokuswayipha ukuze kuncishiswe i-shrinkage ngenkathi inqubo yomiswa kanye nengozi yokuthola amanzi, kwandise amandla, kuthuthukise izimfanelo zekhwalithi yoboya.
5. UZhirovanie. Khulisa ukuthamba nobunzima bezinto zokusebenza ngokungenisa amafutha ku-meszra
6. Kulungele. Ukugoqa nokwelula ngezindlela ezihlukile.

Izikhumba zingaba nezici. Okuvame kakhulu kuzo yizinyembezi, i-keratinization yezicubu zesikhumba, ukulahleka kwe-gloss kanye nombala we-satellite, ukuba khona kwamathambo emsileni kanye nasemilenzeni, ukuntuleka kwezingxenye zesikhumba, izinwele ezinwebekile, i-curl ne-singe.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Mink isilwane

Ama-mink ahlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, hhayi kude nemithombo yamanzi: imifula, amachibi, amachibi. Zincamela ukuhlala, ukuzalanisa nokuzingela ezindaweni ezincane neziningi. Ezindaweni ezisuliwe, amabhishi nezindawo ezivulekile kungenzeka zingaveli. Bayakuthanda ukwakha izidleke zabo emibhedeni yomhlanga, izihlahlana.

Isilwane sakha imisele kuyo ngokwaso noma sisebenzise izimbobo ezikhona emhlabathini: ukudangala kwendalo, imifantu encane, imisele yamagundane noma imigodi. Isilwane sisebenzisa ukuhlala kwaso njalo. Angamshiya ezimweni ezimbili kuphela: uzamcolo, ukuntuleka kokudla ngesikhathi sasebusika.

Imisele ngokuvamile imincane, kepha ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana. Kunendawo enkulu yokulala, indlu yangasese kanye nokuphuma okuningana. Ukuphuma okumbili kufinyelela emthonjeni wamanzi, owesibili - esijikeni. Imisele ifakwe ngezinto zemvelo ezithuthukisiwe: izimpaphe, ama-moss, amaqabunga, utshani obomile.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ngokuya ocwaningweni lokuziphatha olwenziwe kuma-60s, ama-mink anamakhono okufunda aphezulu kakhulu wokubuka. Kuleli khono, badlula amakati, ama-skunks nama-ferrets.

Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi walesi silwane livela ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuzingela ebusuku akuphumelelanga, i-mink ingaba nokusebenza phakathi nosuku. Isilwane sichitha isikhathi saso esiningi emhlabeni futhi sifuna ukudla. Ebusika, lezi zilwane ziphoqelelwa ukuthi zihambe ngaphezulu, ngoba ukuthola ukudla okufanele kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Futhi, isilwane sisebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ukubhukuda. Inqoba amabanga amakhulu ngaphezu kwamanzi, dives, ngobuhlakani ibamba izinhlanzi nama-amphibians.

Uhlobo lwezilwane ezidla izinyamazane alunabungane, kepha alunamandla. Ama-Mink akhetha indlela yokuphila eyedwa, kuyaqabukela esondela kumuntu. Kunzima kakhulu ukubona isilo esinje sithunjiwe. Ukulandelana kuphela kwama-paws enhlabathini okungafakazela ubukhona bayo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Mink ngemvelo

Isikhathi sokukhanywa kwe-mink ngokuvamile sihlala kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zisebenza kakhulu. Abesilisa abaningi bangaxosha insikazi eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Bancintisana bodwa, bahleke bahleke. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpi ezinamandla zenzeka lentokazi yenhliziyo. Lapho insikazi ivundiswa, owesilisa uyamshiya. Abantu abadala abashadayo bahlala ngokwehlukana kwabo ngemuva kokushada.

Konke ukukhulelwa kwesilwane sowesifazane kuthatha isikhathi esifushane - cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amane. Izithombo zivame ukuzalwa ngoMeyi. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi izala izingane ezingekho ngaphezu kwesikhombisa. Maphakathi nehlobo, izilwane ezincane zifinyelela cishe ingxenye yobukhulu bomuntu omdala. Ngo-Agasti, akhula aze afike osayizi bawo bokugcina. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi iyayeka ukondla abancane ngobisi. Bafunda ukuzitholela ukudla, ukudla abakudlayo kuba inyama ngokuphelele. Ngokwindla, inzalo ishiya umgodi kamama.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kuma-mink kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyishumi. Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu yobudala, lezi zilwane zinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuzala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuzala kwabesifazane kuyancipha kancane kancane.

Inani eliphelele lokuphila kwezilwane ezidla izimbambo elincane alikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi. Kodwa-ke, ekuthunjweni, ama-mink angaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu - iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nanhlanu. Bazivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo zasekhaya, kepha ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi abaqondisi ngokuphelele.

Ukuxhumana okuvamile kwe-European mink

Ukusekelwa kwe-mink yaseYurophu yiCaucasian European mink (iMostela lutreola turovi), ehlala eLower Volga, iLower Don kanye neCaucasus. Ukuphila emifuleni emincane nemifudlana. Ukudla kwaso kufaka phakathi ama-amphibians, izinhlanzi ezincane, izinduku eziseduze namanzi, izinambuzane. Amakhemikhali akhiwe ezindaweni ezisesitezi nasezinkalweni ngasogwini lwamachibi. Isikhathi sokuzala siba ngoMashi-Ephreli, ukukhula okuncane kuzalwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ngoJuni. Ekulwelisweni kwezinsana ezi-4 zowesifazane, ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala.

Izitha zemvelo ze-mink

Photo: Mink isilwane

Izitha zemvelo zama-minks yilezi:

• Izilwane ezincelisayo ezifuywayo. Zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu futhi ezinamandla ngaphezu kwakhe zingabulala futhi zidle isilwane esincane. Lokhu kufaka ama-lynxes, izimpungushe, amabhere, izimpisi. Kepha kaningi, i-mink iba yisisulu somuntu otter yomfula. Ama-otter abhukuda kangcono futhi uhlala eduze nama-mink, ngakho-ke abanjwa ngobuqili ebusuku nantambama. Ama-Otter angadli kuphela umuntu omdala, kodwa futhi nangezizukulwane zawo,
• Izinyoni ezidla inyama. Izitha eziphambili yizinyoni ezinkulu: izikhova, izikhova, amasela. Lapho ebusuku isilwane sidla amagundane, singabanjwa isikhova noma isikhova, bese kuthi phakathi nosuku i-hawk ikwazi ukuqamekela
• Mink yaseMelika. Ama-mink anomncintiswano we-Interspecific. Njengoba izazi zezilwane zithole, izinhlobo zaseMelika zibhubhisa ngenhloso le yaseYurophu ngenjongo yokuzikhulula yona nezihlobo zayo. Kodwa-ke, ukubonakala kwesimenywa zaphesheya kusivumele ukuthi sishintshe ukunaka kwabazingeli kusuka ku-European mink,
• Okomuntu. Isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke ngamabomu, futhi ngesinye isikhathi sibulala lezi zilwane ngenhloso. Namuhla, kusindisa kuphela ekufeni kwama-minks ukuthi aqala ukukhulisa kuwo amapulazi akhethekile ngoboya.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ngokusho kwesazi sezinto eziphilayo, ama-mink awavame ukuba izisulu zabaphangi. Izinto eziphambili eziholela ekufeni kwezilwane yindlala, izifo namagciwane.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Mink ehlobo

Izimbungulu zingumthombo oyinhloko woboya. Uboya bazo bokwazisa ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu, ukusebenza ngezindlela eziningi, nokumelana nokushisa. Ekhwalithi, i-American mink fur ibhekwa njengephakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, uboya butholakala kuphela ngokuzingela izilwane. Abazingeli babeka ngekhono izicupho ebusika, babamba abantu abadala bathole nezikhumba zabo. Konke lokhu kuholele ekwehlekeni okusheshayo kwenani labantu ababumbala lapho behlala khona ngokomlando.

Ngokushesha okukhulu, ama-minks anyamalala ezifundeni eziningi, futhi ukuzingela kwaphela ukugcwalisa izidingo zabantu ngenani le-fur. Kusukela kulowo mzuzu, baqala ukuzalanisa ama-minks ekudingisweni. Futhi namuhla ngisho namapulazi ezilwane, hhayi abantu bemvelo bezilwane, asebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko woboya. Lokhu kwasithuthukisa kakhulu lesi simo ngenani lama-mink endle, kodwa abakwazanga ukulixazulula ngokuphelele.

Isibalo salezi zilwane sisancipha. Izici ezahlukahlukene zinomthelela kulokhu: ukungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi, ukuthathwa kwezilwane, imbangi ye-Interspecific. Njengamanje, ama-minks aseYurophu abhalwe ku-Red Book ngenani elikhulu lezifunda zobubanzi bawo bemvelo, uhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Ukuzingela lezi zilwane kuvinjelwe emazweni amaningi omhlaba, inani lawo nezindawo akuhlala kuzo kuthathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okuthuthukile.

Ungalihlola kanjani ikhwalithi yoboya lapho uthenga ijazi le-mink?

Ubunjalo nekhwalithi yoboya kungabekwa:

• Intengo. Izindleko eziphansi kuwuphawu lomkhiqizo olwenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi noma ezindala ezingavuthiwe.
• Esitolo. Kungcono ukuthenga esitolo esikhethekile esazisa idumela laso futhi esingeke sithengise izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi.
• Ukuba khona kwesitifiketi. Ungahlukanisa umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakeme kunekhwalithi ephansi ngokubakhona kwamadokhumenti lapho kukhonjiswa khona yonke imininingwane ephelele ngomkhiqizo.

• Ukubukeka. Into yekhwalithi kufanele ibe nenqwaba ecwebezelayo, eminyene, engenamabala noma iziqalo ngombala onamandla. Ukunamathela kwezinwele nakho akwamukeleki.
• Imizwa ye-Tactile. Ungahlukanisa uboya bekhwalithi ngokuthamba, ukuqina nokulalela.
• I-Mezdre. Eduze kwayo kufanele kube homogenible futhi kungabi nomonakalo.

Iyalayisha ...
Yabelana nabanye!

Habitat

Impilo mink ihlangene kakhulu namanzi amnandi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ihlala ngasogwini lwemifudlana, imifula kanye namachibi, futhi akuvamile ukuba ishiye ogwini lwe-reservoir ekude kunamamitha angama-200. Izindawo eziyintandokazi zezimbungulu zihlanzwa ngamabhange emifula emincane nemifudlana egcwele amahlathi kanye namahlathi, kanye nabadala namachibi amancanyana . Gwema ukufinyelela okukhulu okuvulekile ngamabhishi anesihlabathi. Kwesinye isikhathi i-European mink ihlala eduze kwezigayo, ingenamahloni ngokuba khona komuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Ku-steppe zone, ihlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi naphakathi kwezihlahla zemifula emikhulu. Ehlobo, i-mink ivame ukunamathela endaweni ethile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside endaweni encane. Lapha, ngaphansi kokuguguleka, okuhlanzwa ugu, ezimpandeni noma ezilinganisweni zokuzamazama kanye nokuqhekeka komoya, uhlela isidleke sakhe futhi uchithe usuku. Ngokudla okuningana, iqoqa imithombo ngemisele, idonsa lapho kubanjwe khona izinhlanzi, izinyoka, amasele nezilwane ezincane. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokuthola isethi ephezulu yabadobi, i-mink idonsa inhlanzi eziningi ezibanjwe enetheni uqobo.

Imfashini Yamafashini 2019-2020

Lo nyaka, amajazi aya emadolweni asemfashinini, lapho ukuthunga kwakusetshenziswa izikhumba eziphelele ze-mink. Kungumkhiqizo walesi ubude oqondile noma we-silhouette oweliselwe phansi ukuthi abaklami bayakwazi ukukhombisa ubuhle be-mink fur. Lapho kusetshenziswa amamodeli wokuthunga, kusetshenziswa isendlalelo esiguqukayo noma esidwetshiwe sesikhumba.

Abathandi bemikhiqizo efushane yoboya ngeke babe nandaba nezinto ezintsha kakhulu. Amajazi we-Fur woqobo, umsiki we-asymmetric uzofanelana nobuntu obuqhakazile nobungafani. Ngokwefeshini, imikhiqizo ye-mink ene-zipper ne-band elastic emthangeni, amamodeli anjengalawa afana namajakhethi woboya.

Izingubo zanamuhla ze-mink zingaba nobude obuphansi noma zifike maphakathi nomlenze ophansi. Imikhiqizo enjalo isebenzisa ukwakheka kwesikhumba, okuthe mpo noma kwe-diagonal. Umkhuba mude, phansi, phansi.

Ukuzala, nakekela izingane

Ekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-mink yaseYurophu isebenza ngokukhethekile. Izithombe zezilwane ezigijima eqhweni azijwayelekile, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi bayakhohlwa ukuqapha, ukuxosha izinsikazi.Kutholakale izindlela eziningi eziseduze komngcele, abesilisa balwa bodwa, bakhala, bezama ukuheha intokazi. Ekupheleni kokukhula, imibhangqwana ihlukane, izintokazi zizimele zikhulise amazinyane azo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45-60, kuvame ukuzalwa ekuseni aba-5. Ngaphandle, ekuqaleni zibukeka njengama-trochees amnyama, umbala weqiniso uvela eneminyaka eyodwa nengxenye. Maphakathi nehlobo, amawundlu ahlangana nonina ngosayizi, kuthi lapho kuphela ihlobo aqhathaniswe ngokuphelele naye. Ekwindla, wonke umuntu uya ngendlela yakhe, njengoba owesifazana eyeka ukunikeza ubisi, bese eshintshela ekudleni kwenyama.

Ngabe kudlani?

Itafula lalezi zilwane lihlukile. Bangabadli, ngakho-ke ukudla kuyadingeka emanzini nasogwini lolwandle. Kuya ngesikhathi seminyaka, isivuno, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezilwane kule ndawo ethile.

Esikhathini sobusika, okujwayelekile kwase-Yurobeli kudla kakhulu ngamagundane amancane, amasele, futhi konke lokho kuyizinhlanzi. Uma kunokudla okwanele, isilwane siyakugcina. Esikhathini sokufudumala kwamadlelo afudumele, lezi zilwane zingazingela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Okufanayo, imvamisa kakhulu bafuna inyamazane ebusuku, ngezikhathi zokusa ekushoneni kwelanga.

Kabili ngonyaka, lezi zilwane zibonisa izithombe ezikhethekile. Isikhathi sokuqala sisentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala umshado womshado wama-otter. Ekwindla, abantu abasha bayahlala, izilwane zifuna isimo sendawo evumelana nokuphila njalo.

Cishe sonke isikhathi bahlala ogwini, futhi ebusika ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweqhwa eliyize, bathuthela endaweni yalo. Lezi zilwane zibhukuda kahle, ziyakwazi ukuntywila, futhi kuyingozi ukuphuma emzimbeni imizuzu emi-2. Izimbungulu zingagibela isihlahla, kodwa wenze njalo lapho kuvela ingozi.

Akukaziwa ukuthi kungani, njenge-mink, imvamisa ihlala ngasese kakhulu, ukuyibona ngokwemvelo kushaya ngisho nekhanda lakho odongeni. Abadobi bahlangana nalesi silwane ekuseni kakhulu.

Iqiniso lokuthi i-mink lihlala ogwini kungashiwo ekulandelweni kwesimo. Ziyafana namathrekhi ashiywe i-ferret, kepha ayindilinga futhi ubukhulu ngosayizi. Imink ibeka ama-paws ayo ngandlela thile kune-ferret.

Emini, lezi zilwane zingamboza ibanga le-varia. Ehlobo nasekwindla, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-500. Futhi ebusika - kuze kufike kumamitha angama-200. Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlukanisa amathrekhi we-mink kusuka kumathrekhi we-Ferret ngeqiniso lokuthi inenkambo ephakeme kakhulu.

Ukuzalisa okwenziwe ngemithi

Abantu bazalanisa kakhulu ama-mink emapulazini akhethekile ezilwane. Izilwane zigcinwa emakhejini ezinsimbi, ezingakuma ngaphandle nangaphakathi endlini.

Okwamanje, ama-mink agqitshwa ngokwezifiso.

Ngezinyanga ezingama-5-6, lapho uboya bekhula bukhula ezilwaneni, bayabulawa. Ama-minks wesizwe asetshenziselwa iminyaka engu-3-4, ngemuva kwalokho abulawa. Ngakho-ke, abantu bahlukumeza ngesihluku izilwane ezingenacala kuphela ngenxa yoboya bazo obuhle, obungathathelwa indawo ngempumelelo nge-analogue yokwenziwa. Abantu benza ubugebengu bangempela, kepha imvelo yomuntu iyahaha kangangokuba abaqapheli ukwesaba kwezenzo zabo.

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Ukuzalanisa

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-mink yaseMelika ingumhlaseli onolaka. Uma abantu asebekhulile abathunjiwe benobungane impela kubantu, khona-ke bangahlela ukulwa okukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Ngakho-ke, aqukethe umuntu ngamunye ngokwehlukana. Ngesikhathi sokuzala (entwasahlobo, ngoMashi), owesilisa uhleli kowesifazane futhi athathwe lapho inzalo isendleleni. Lokhu kwenzeka emavikini angama-7 ngemuva kokukhwelana. Isibalo esikhulu samawundlu ngu-15. Lapho imidlwane esekhulile iqala ukukhasa yodwa endaweni yezindiza, udinga ukuvala amangqamuzana amancane noma uwafake emabhokisini ukuze angaweli emigodini emikhulu. Ukukhulisa izilwane ezincane ezingadingi ubisi lwebele ezitshalwe kumaseli ahlukile ukuze kugwenywe "ukubukisa". Izinki zinokungavikeleki okuqinile futhi azihlaselwa izifo ezijwayelekile, kepha endaweni ebanzi zisadinga ukugonywa kanye nezithako zemithambo ye-Vitamin-mineral.

Izindleko eziqikwayo

Intengo yesikhumba esisodwa se-mink ngama-dollar angama-50-100. Ijazi elilodwa loboya lithatha izikhumba ezingama-20- 40. Umkhiqizo wonyaka woboya obuhle uzokubiza amadola ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2-3. Ukuze uthole amamodeli amasha akhethekile kuzodingeka ukhokhe ama-5-10 amadola ayizinkulungwane. Ijazi elijwayelekile le-mink lingathengwa ngama- $ 1,000. Ijazi elifushane loboya lizobiza amadola angama-500-700.

Ukukhiqizwa koboya bezimboni

Ngokubhekelwa inzuzo, ukukhiqizwa koboya kulinganiswa nobucwebe. Amapulazi amakhulu ezilwane awabandakanyeki kuphela kulimo, kodwa nasekukhethweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Abathengisi abakhulu kakhulu boboya emakethe yezwe bangamazwe eScandinavia naseNyakatho Melika. I-mink yaseMelika, ekhuleke emapulazini e-USA naseCanada, inoboya obukhulu obukhulu. Ochwepheshe kulesi sifunda bafundise ukufuya izilwane ngoboya obungajwayelekile, obumnyama ngokuphelele. INorth American mink fur iyabiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinhlobo ze-mink zaseScandinavia ziyizinhlobo zaseMelika ezisatshalaliswa ezimweni zaseYurophu. Ama-furks aseScandinavia yiwona ajwayelekile.

Ngaphandle kweScandinavia naseNyakatho Melika, abalimi boboya abavela eRussia, e-Ukraine, eGrisi naseBaltic bahlinzeka ngoboya obubalulekile. Kungekudala, amaShayina ajoyina abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo ye-mink. Izindwangu zazo zisezingeni eliphansi, kepha zithole ukuthandwa ngenxa yamanani aphansi wemikhiqizo.

Inani lezomnotho

Namuhla, i-mink yaseYurophu ilahlekelwe yindawo evuna iMelika, eye yathimba ngempumelelo niche yayo yemvelo. Umhlaseli ube nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwezinombolo zezilwane ezincane zohlobo lokudla, okudla kwazo kuyefana.

Kumuntu, ukulimala okuvela ebuhleni obuhle bobuhle kuqukethe ukuhlaselwa kwakhe enyameni yokuqukethwe kwasekhaya.

I-hood etholakalayo

Amamodeli ane-hood esikhiphekayo angagqokwa ekwindla epholile nasebusika beqhwa. Imikhiqizo enjalo yendawo yonke ayisebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi inhle kakhulu.

Ikhola ye-apache, evame ukusetshenziswa lapho kuthungathwa ijazi elidala, ingatholwa amajazi omcako. I-mink enezinwele ezimfushane ikuvumela ukuthi udale amamodeli wanoma yisiphi isitayela.

Okufanele ugqoke

Ijazi le-mink ligqokwa ngezinto ezinemidwebo noboya. Ngaphansi kwengubo emfushane yoboya bafaka ibhulukwe lesikhumba noma i-jeans enesikhumba esilinganayo. Ijazi lobude obufakwe emadolweni lingagqokwa ngeziketi ezifushane namabhulukwe asikwe ngokuqondile. Ijazi elide phansi lihlanganiswa nebhulukwe elisikiwe noma ngezingubo ezinde.

Ngaphansi kwesikhumba sejazi le-mink noma izicathulo ze-suede, isibonelo, amabhuzu, amabhuzu, amabhuzu, amabhuzu ama-ankle. Ungagqoka isigqoko, isigqoko eseluliweyo noma isikhafu ekhanda lakho.

Ukubukeka kwesitayela

Ijazi le-mink lingahlanganiswa nezingubo zanoma yisiphi isitayela. Ijazi elifushane elinoboya lifakwa nge-jeans kanye nama-sneakers, kuvela ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwangempela ngesitayela esijwayelekile. Amakhethini angenamikhono angenamikhono angenamikhono agqokwa ngezingubo zakusihlwa noma amasudi ebhizinisi. Ijazi lowobude obuphakathi lingagqokwa njengokugqoka okuvamile ngamabhulukwe afaneleke kahle nangama-turtlenecks.

Ukuwa

Ngosuku olukwindla olupholile, uya emsebenzini, ungafaka ijakheti elingenamikhono elingenamikhono emadolweni akho ngaphezulu kweshishini lebhizinisi. Ngokugqoka kwansuku zonke, imodeli eqondile efanelekile entanjeni yezinqolo kufanelekile, ijazi elinjalo elifushane loboya lingagqokwa nge-jean nama-sneakers.

Ungagqoka kanjani ama-brogies abesifazane, izici kanye nezinhlobo zamamodeli amahle izicathulo

Eqhweni elinamandla, izingubo ezingcono kunejazi lejazi elijule, ungacabanga. Le modeli ivikela emimoyeni ebandayo nasekushisa okubandayo. Ebusika, ungagqoka ijazi loboya obufushane nge-hood noma ijazi elide le-mink phansi.

Umnqobi waseMelika

I-mink yaseMelika ngempela ifana kakhulu nezihlobo zayo zaseYurophu, kepha inomzimba omkhulu - ubude bayo bufika ku-60 cm, isisindo singama-2-3 kg, nomsila wayo omfushane ungafika kumasentimitha angama-30.

AmaMelika ahlukile kwe-mink yaseYurophu ngoba izitho zokubhukuda emilenzeni yayo azithuthukiswa kangako. Kepha unejazi loboya obukhulu, elinesibhakabhaka esimnyama, esimnyama nesimpunga.

Enye into ehlukile ye-mink yaseMelika ukuthi umlomo wayo ophansi kanye nesilevu kumhlophe, kanti izindebe ezingaphezulu zinombala ofanayo nangaphezulu kwekhanda.

Njengoba igama libonisa, indawo eyinhloko yokuhlala kwe-mink yaseMelika ihlathi laseNyakatho Melika - i-USA neCanada. EYurophu, i-mink yaseMelika isungulwe kahle emapulazini asendle nasezilwaneni zaseNgilandi, eJalimane, eFrance naseScotland. E-Russia, yaqhakambisa insimu etholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zezintaba zase-Ural, futhi ikakhulukazi e-Far East.

Endle, i-mink yaseMelika yaqala ukukhishwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-30s yekhulu lama-20 ePrimorsky Territory, eSikhote-Alin Reserve. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqala ukuzalanisa ama-mink emapulazini oboya bePrimorsky Territory nakwezinye izindawo zaseRussia. Ngokuvamile, ukuzivumelanisa nezilwane kwaphumelela, futhi manje indawo yokuhlala ye-mink ibanzi impela - ingatholakala osebeni lwayo yonke imifula namachibi afanele.

Izinga labemi bendawo lincike ekutholakaleni kokuphakelwa kokudla kanye nokubusa kwemifula yasebusika - izixazululo ze-mink ezindaweni zokugcina ezingabandi.

Izimbobo nezimpande zezihlahla, nemisele yemilando ejulile eyekwe ezinye izilwane ifanelekile njengezindlu ze-mink yaseMelika. UMink uzama ukwenza ikhaya lakhe liphole futhi libe ntofontofo, alibekela phansi emgodini ngombhede wamaqabunga owomile notshani. I-Litter igcina kakhulu, ukuze ebusika, kubanda kakhulu, kungavala ukungena nokungena, kulungise amazinga okushisa esidlekeni. Indlu yangasese ifakwa emgodini, noma eduze kwayo.

Ehlobo, lapho kungekho zinkinga zokudla, ama-mink azingela ngasekhaya lawo, kepha ebusika, ukuze azingele ngempumelelo, kufanele ahambe ibanga elingama-30 km.

Naphezu kwezitho zokubhukuda ezingasakhiwa kahle, ama-mink aseMelika abhukuda kahle, enza ukunyakaza okungathi ngumsila nomzimba. Ugxumela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-4-5 futhi uyakwazi ukubhukuda aze afike kumamitha angama-30 ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Emhlabeni, i-mink ingagijima ngesivinini esingafika ku-20 km ngehora, futhi emanzini ihamba ngesivinini esingu-1-1,% km ngehora. Ebusika, lapho kuneqhwa eliningi, i-mink ihamba ngaphansi kobuso bayo futhi yakha inethiwekhi ebanzi yamaphasi ambozwe yiqhwa.

I-mink yaseMelika idla okungenzeka ukubamba - inhlanzi ezincane, amasele, crayfish, amagundane namagundane. Abantu abakhulu badla ama-muskrats nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, uma kungenzeka, i-mink izozama ukweba izinkukhu.

Isikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-mink siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli; izingane zizalwa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. AmaMelika ngumama onamagama amaningi - uletha ama-cubes angama-10 ngasikhathi sinye, kepha kukhona okungahlukile - ezinganeni ezingama-5-6 noma eziyi-16.

Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwabesifazane kwenzeka lapho kufinyelela unyaka owodwa, yize zikhula zibe ngosayizi abadala ngezinyanga ezi-4-5. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-1.5 ubudala, futhi bakhula babe ngosayizi wesilwane esidala ngezinyanga eziyi-12. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isikhathi sokuphila kwe-mink yaseMelika yiminyaka eyi-10-12.

LIFESTYLE

I-mink yaseMelika ihola indlela yokuphila eyedwa futhi ihahe umhawu ngendawo yayo, yize indawo yeduna ngokuvamile ihlangana nezindawo zezinsikazi eziningana. Noma isiphi isiza, imingcele umniniyo amaka ngayo izindunduma, umucu womhlaba omncane, olula ngasosebeni lomfula noma echibini. Kule ndawo, kuhlelwa imibhede eminingana, esetshenziswa ngumnikazi wale ndawo ngokuhlukile, umgodi oshiywe ngumnikazi wangaphambilini womgodi, umfantu edwaleni noma indawo ecashile phakathi kwamatshe ungaba indawo yokukhosela ethembekile. I-mink isebenza unyaka wonke, incamela ukuyozingela kusihlwa noma ebusuku, kepha ebusika ifuna ukudla nosuku. Emhlabeni, lesi silo sihamba emgodini, futhi ngenkathi sizingelwa sihlala sihamba endaweni yaso siyofuna inyamazane. Ukudla kwe-mink kuhlobene ngqo nenkathi yesikhathi: ebusika, inkambo eyinhloko izinhlanzi, entwasahlobo nasekwindla - ezihubhayo, ehlobo - amakhrayoni nezinambuzane. Ngezikhathi ezithile, lesi silwane asinandaba nokudla inyoni noma i-rodent. Lo mzingeli ononya wafunda ukubulala ngisho nesisulu esikhulu ngokuququda amazinyo entanyeni yakhe. Uma kukhulunywa ngokulandela izilwane zasemanzini, i-mink kuqala igibela eposini okubonayo - itshe noma igatsha lesihlahla. Lesi silwane sibhukuda kahle futhi sigojile, yize amandla amancane amaphaphu engamvumeli ukuba abambe umoya wakhe isikhathi eside. Lapho i-mink ibhukuda eduze kwamanzi, igoqa kuphela ngemilenze yangemuva - ulwelwesi lokubhukuda luthuthukiswa kakhulu kubo, futhi ngaphansi kwamanzi lusebenzisa olungaphambili. Uma lesi silo sikwazi ukubamba inyamazane emangazayo, sidla kuze kube sekulahlwa futhi izinsuku ezingama-2-3 zingahle zingasuki embhedeni.

Ukuthuthuka ekhaya

Njengoba incike emanzini, i-mink yaseYurophu nayo ihlela ikhaya layo eduze nezidumbu zamanzi. Ukuchazwa kwalezi izimbobo kucishe kufane, zingashonile, kuphuma ezimbili, igumbi lokuphumula kanye negumbi eliyinhloko, elinomugqa onamaqabunga owomile, umhlwa, izimpaphe zezinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane siboleka izindlu kumagundane amanzi noma kwamanye ama-mustelids. Olunye oluphuma emgodini lufihliwe ethafeni lasehlathini, kanti olunye luholela endaweni yokugcina amanzi. By the way, i-mink isebenzisa indlela yesibili kaningi, ngakho-ke indlela enyathela phansi isuka kuyo. Ezifundeni lapho kukhona khona izihlahla eziningi eziwugqinsi, izilwane zitholakala emigodini ebekwe kude nomhlaba. Bangathola indawo yokukhosela yesikhashana emafesitini, ngaphansi kwama-canopies emabhange asezingeni eliphezulu, izimpande ezisontekile, ezinqwabelweni zesivunguvungu somoya. I-mink iqapha ngokucophelela inhlanzeko yezindlu zayo, ihlanze njalo ekuhlanzeni.

Ubudlelwano obukhethekile nemvelo yasemanzini

Indlela yokuphila yasemanzini esezingeni eliphansi isikisela ukuthi i-mink yaseYurophu ithanda ukuhlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Izindawo ezithandekayo zezilwane zingamachibi amancanyana agobhozayo afuze ihlane, amawa asogwini olunomfula nemifula yehlathi enendawo ehamba kancane ayazifanela. Lapha ama-minks athola indawo yokuhlala ethembekile nokudla. Izindawo ezinjalo zibaheha ngokubanda, umswakama ophezulu, futhi zinika nomuzwa wokuphepha, ngoba lapho zibona ingozi isilwane masinyane singena emanzini ukuze sizifihle lapho sisukela. I-Minks dive, ibhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngemuva kwamamitha angama-20 ukuphuma imizuzwana embalwa ukuphefumula umoya iphinde inyamalale ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bangakwazi ngisho nokuhamba ngaphansi kwechibi. Isifundo asiyingozi kubo, ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukuhlala eduze kwemifula egeleza ngokushesha enezihlwathwa, izichotho.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukunakekela i-mink kulula kakhulu, udinga ukulandela imithetho embalwa eyisisekelo:

1. Indlu ethokomele. Asikhulumi ngamabhokisi noma amakhabethe abanzi. Kufanele kube ikheji elikhulu eligcwele utshani, amahlamvu, sawdust. Futhi, i-nook kufanele yenziwe ngaphakathi kwekheji, lapho isilwane singaphephela khona ngaso sonke isikhathi.
2. Ukudla okumnandi. Udinga ukondla i-mink ngokugcwele. Imenyu kufanele ibe nezinhlanzi, inyama, ubisi, ushizi we-canta, imifino, okusanhlamvu. Abafuyi abaningi bathenga ama-feed akhethekile, benza iphutha elikhulu. Kulokhu, lesi silwane sizophila iminyaka eyi-5-6.
3. Isikhathi semisebenzi yangaphandle. Isikhathi eside, lesi silwane ngeke sikwazi ukuba semkhombeni. Kufanele kuthathwe uhambo (endaweni eshisayo), udlale, uvunyelwe ukuhlela izinqubo zamanzi egumbini lokugezela noma echibini.

I-mink yaseMelika isilwane esinhlanhlathayo. Lo mlingiswa ungumuntu ngamunye kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukusibikezela kusengaphambili.

Imephu yempilo

Indawo yokukhosela umgodi umgodi. Bazihlomisa bebodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bangahlalwa ekuqunjelweni kwe-muskrat. Izindawo eziningi zingase zibe khona mink. Lokhu kungokwaphakade futhi kunesikhashana.
I-Murju engapheli iyaziqhenya. Izilwane zibahlela ogwini lwesichibi endaweni eyomile. Imvamisa lawa mink angaphansi kwezimpande zesihlahla nangasohlangothini lwamanzi. Izinki zenza okufakiwe okungama-1-2 emgodini wawo waphakade. Ngokwejwayelekile ugu luyindawo emincane kakhulu, ukungena kungenzeka kube ngaphansi komgwaqo wamanzi.

Ubude besifo sohlangothi yi-1-1,5 m. Okulandelayo isitolo esidlekayo samasayizi amancane. Isilwane sizilinganisa ngotshani nensipho yezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalomgodi oyindawo yokuhlala, lesi silwanyana sizenza indawo yokuhlala eminye. Zingaba ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezinkulu noma emgodini wesihlahla esiwile. UMink ukhetha insimu. Angacasha kuphi esitha.

Ukubhebhetheka

Uhla lomlando we-mink yaseYurophu lusuka eFinland luye emithambekeni eseMpumalanga yezintaba zase-Ural, uzibandakanya ezintabeni zaseCaucasus naseNyakatho yeSpain kusuka eningizimu. Ukuvela kwamuva nje kwe-mink eFrance (1839) nasempumalanga yeSpain (1951) kubonisa ukusakazeka sekwephuzile kwezinhlobo kwezinhlobo zasentshonalanga. Eminyakeni engu-150 edlule, incishiswe kakhulu ngamanani futhi yaqothulwa noma yehliswa kakhulu ngaphezu kobubanzi bayo bokuqala.

Njengamanje, uhla luqukethe izingcezwana ezimbalwa eziqhelile: enyakatho yeSpain nasentshonalanga yeFrance, eDanube Delta eRomania, e-Ukraine naseRussia. Kwenzeka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1120 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Uhlobo luye lwasinda kuphela engxenyeni engabalulekile yohla lwalo futhi luyancipha ngisho nasekufeni okusindayo. Ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka, iRomania kuphela, izifunda zaseRussia, iVologda, Tver kanye ne-Arkhangelsk eRussia zingabhekwa. E-Romania, ukuba khona kwe-mink yaseYurophu eDanube Delta kwaqinisekiswa ngonyaka we-1999. I-European mink ibonakala isabanzi lapho. Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezihibe kusukela ngo-2001 kukhombisa ukuthi i-mink ihlala endaweni engeqi kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-2 500. E-Vologda Oblast, njengoba kunikezwe ukwehla okusheshayo kwezinhlobo ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane kanye nokuba khona kwe-mink yaseMelika, akunakulindeka ukuthi inani labantu base-Europe mink lizoqhubeka isikhathi eside. Esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, inani labantu likhona engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yalesi sifunda, esiseduzane nomngcele osenyakatho webanga ngobuningi obuncane kakhulu bezilwane. Ukuba khona kwe-mink yaseMelika kungenzeka kubeke engcupheni enkulu ekubeni khona kwayo isikhathi eside lapho.

UFur Mink Queen

Ngenxa yoboya obuhle nobubalulekile, i-mink iyaziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi ibhekwa njenge "ndlovukazi" yangempela phakathi kwezilwane zoboya. Ukulungiswa kwesimanje kube yindawo yokuhlala izilwane ezilukhuni, ezijabulisa hhayi kuphela nge-charm yemvelo, kepha futhi nomlingiswa omangalisayo.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Buka i-European mink ezibhalwe ku-IUCN Red Book, Red Book of the Republic ofashkortostan, Udmurt Republic, Republic of Komi, Perm Territory, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Orenburg, Pskov, Sverdlovsk, Novgorod, Chelyabinsk kanye naseTumumen Regions, eSakhalin Oblast. .

Kuvikelwe ngumthetho kuwo wonke amazwe. Okungenani ingxenye yabantu ihlala phakathi kwezindawo ezivikelwe, eRussia - ngaphakathi kweCentral Forest Biosphere Reserve esifundeni saseTver.

Ngo-2011, bekunezinhlelo ezilandelayo zokuvikela:

• Uhlelo lwe-EEP Mink kusukela ngo-1992 - ukulondolozwa kofuzo. Ekuthunjweni kuqukethe abantu abangaba ngu-250. Abaxhumanisi yiTallinn Zoo neLutreola Foundation (Estonia).
• ISpanish Genome Conservation Programme kusukela ngonyaka we-2004.
• Ukuphindiselwa kwecala e-Alava (Spain) kusukela ngo-2008.
• Uhlelo olukhethekile lokulawulwa kwe-American mink nxazonke nangaphakathi kwebanga (Spain).
• Ukubuyiselwa kweHabitat eNavarre (Spain).
• Uhlelo Lokulondolozwa Kokuzalwa Nokulwakha kabusha lweFrance State kusukela ngo-2010 iminyaka eyisithupha.
• Uhlelo Lokulondolozwa KweGenome e-Osnabruck (Germany).
• Izinhlelo zokuzala kabusha eSaarland naseLower Saxony (Germany).
• Ukuqashwa njalo eDanube Delta (Romania) kusukela ngo-2001.
• Ukuqiniswa kwesibalo sabantu esiqhingini seHyumaa (i-Estonia) kusukela ngonyaka we-2000.

Kwethulwa eziqhingini zomgodi waseKuril: uKunashir (ngonyaka we-1981-85, abantu abangama-134) kanye no-Iturup (1986-1989, abantu abangama-254), ukudala inani labantu abangavikelekile ekunqandeni ukuhlangana ne-mink yaseMelika. Ngokuya kwe-IUCN (2014), lokhu kwethulwa akuphumelelanga; inani labantu abazinza eziqhingini alitholakalanga.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-mink

UMink ungummeleli womndeni wama-mustelids, izilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo. Isilwane sincane ngosayizi, kuze kufike ku-50 cm ubude, ubude besimo somzimba, i-platy. Ubude bomsila omncane abudluli ku-15-18 cm, isizalo sibanzi, sinamadlebe amancane, acishe angabonakali ejokeni eliminyene.

Amehlo abukeka njengobuhlalu obumnyama, aphile kakhulu futhi abonakalayo. Izingalo zimfushane, zimbozwe uboya, iminwe ifakwe ulwelwesi oludaluliwe, ikakhulukazi olubanzi emilenzeni yangemuva.

Ekunyakazeni kwe-mink, ukuqhuma kuyabanjwa. Isisindo somuntu sisuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3 kg; abesilisa bahlala beba bakhulu kunabesifazane. Izihlobo eziseduzane emndenini oyi-marten ziyizichizi, ziyadideka, ziyizichwane.

Ijazi loboya obufushane noboya obufushane obubushelelezi, obukhulu futhi buvikelwe kangangokuthi, ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini, izinwele ze-mink azinuki. Ukushintshwa kwezinkathi zonyaka awuthinti isakhiwo soboya. Umbala unqoba i-monochromatic, usuka ebomvu uye onsundu, ucishe ube mnyama. Ithoni esiswini ilula, nasemilenzeni nasemsileni - imibala eminyene kunayo yonke.

Ngaphansi kwesindebe kuvame ukuba nebala eliqhakazile, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala esifubeni sesilwane noma esiswini. Njengamanje, izimbambo zemithunzi ehlukahlukene yobovu zibilisiwe: luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okumhlophe, nge-lilac, - ngokwengxenye yemibala engaphezulu kuka-60.

Isilwane sibhukuda ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke sigcina eduze kwemizimba yamanzi: emifuleni, emachibini, eziteshini. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani imink?kungabonakala emanzini: isilwane ubuze obukhulu, ukuguquguquka komzimba, ubugagu, ukushesha kukhona ngokwemvelo. Ukhetha izindawo zokwakha kabusha ezihlahleni eziwile, ezibekweni, ezivele ebusweni nezimpande ezishubile.

Ukuchazwa kwezilwane ngokwemvelo, kuphathelene nezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezilwane: iYurophu kanye neMelika. Zonke izinhlobo zisondelene kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi izinhlobo zaseMelika ezifuywa emapulazini ezilwane zivela kwelaseYurophu, zikhulu ngokuncane kunalokho obekufundwe ngaphambilini izilwane. Intengo ye-Mink Ngaphezulu kwaseMelika ngoboya obuqinile.

Uhla lwezinhlobo zase-Europe mink lusuka eFinland luye ezintabeni zase-Ural. Eningizimu, umngcele wokusabalalisa womlando uboniswa yizintaba zaseCaucasus kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho yeSpain. Ukubonakala okungajwayelekile kwesilwane kubonakala eFrance, okubonisa ukuthi phambili kwayo kuya entshonalanga.

Ngokuvamile, inani lama-mink lancishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingela okuthengiswayo ngenxa yoboya obufudumele nobuhle. Isibalo sabantu sigcinwa ezindaweni zasendaweni kuphela, lesi silwane sibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu futhi sivikelwe ngumthetho kuwo wonke amazwe.

Mink - isilwane ukushaya ikhwela, kudlulisa amathunzi amaningi we-semantic:

• kakhulu futhi kungekudala - ukubonakaliswa kolaka nokwesaba,
• ngobumnene nangokuphola - isikhalazo ngesikhathi sokuzala,
• buthule nangokuthula - ukuxhumana nezingane.

Abanikazi bama-mink asekhaya baqonda kahle ulimi lwabo futhi balwela ukwenza ukuxhumana ngisho nokuthembana. Izilwane zinenhliziyo ebuthakathaka. Ukwesaba kungasicekela phansi isilwane, yize futhi kuyazi ukuzivikela.

Izimbungulu zithathwa ezandleni zazo kumagilavu ​​akhethekile avikela izandla zawo ekulimaleni. Kukhona esinye isikhali ezilwaneni: njenge-skunk edumile, ingafafaza uketshezi olunephunga elimethulayo izitha. Mink njengesilwane akuvamile ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa okunjalo.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Isimo se-mink sinempilo futhi siyiselula. Iphila impilo yodwa. Imvelo ayinikanga isilwane amandla okugijima ngokushesha, ukugibela, kepha ibhukuda kahle futhi iguge. Imigqa ihamba ngawo wonke ama-paws namajezi phambili. Ungahamba ngezinyawo. Ukwesaba okunamandla kuphela okuyokwenza isilwane sikhwele egatsheni noma esihlahleni.

Uthanda izindawo ezivalekile, ezithuleyo nezihlukanisiwe, zihlala ngasogwini lwamachibi amanzi asembozwe umhlanga, ukhetha amachibi amachibi nemifula emincane.

Yakha izidleke emaphepheni avela lapho kunamanzi okufihla ngokuqinisekile ekujuleni kwengozi yokuqala. Kubonakala ngemuva kwamamitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20 ukubhekabheka ubambe umoya wakho, bese ucashe emafutheni.

Umsebenzi ubonakala ngokuqala kobumnyama, noma kwesinye isikhathi kuzingela phakathi nosuku endaweni leyo kusuka emahekteni ayi-12 kuye kwangama-25. Ufuna ukudla emhlabeni, ehlula cishe isigamu sekhilomitha ngosuku ezindaweni zakhe zokuzingela.

Izindlela ziyaphindwa usuku nosuku, izindawo zimakwe ngamamaki. Ngokuqala kobusika, kufanele uhambise izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngaphezulu ukuze ubheke umhlonyane osele.

Uzama ukungabonakali eqhweni, uhamba ngemisele nangaphansi kwamanzi. Ama-mink awanayo i-hibernation yasebusika, kepha ngezinsuku eziqandayo lesi silwane singalala esibayeni futhi silale isikhashana, silindele izinsuku ezinzima.

Izindlu zoMink ngamagumbi abembiwe anodoti wotshani obomile, izimpaphe nezindunduma, izindlela ezimbili zokuphuma. Eyokuqala yokunisela, enye iminyanisa izimila. Indawo ehlukile ibekelwe indlu encane.

Imisele emidala yamagundane amanzi, ama-muskrats, imifantu engokwemvelo kanye ne-indentations nayo ingahlalwa yi-mink yokuziphilisa. Isilwane siyabagwema abantu, kepha ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi ukudla nesifiso sokudla umdlalo linamandla kunokwesaba. Ngakho-ke, ama-coops enkukhu avame ukuhlaselwa ama-minks agile.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

Njengakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinhle, ama-dimorphism ngokocansi kuma-minks akhonjiswa eqinisweni lokuthi abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Umehluko ngombala noma kunoma yikuphi okunye, ngaphandle kosayizi, izici zangaphandle, phakathi kwabamele ubulili obuhlukile abubalulekile futhi, ngokusobala, kuya ngezici zofuzo.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Esikhathini esedlule esedlule, i-mink yaseYurophu yayihlala ebangeni elikhulu elisuka eFinland liya ezintabeni zase-Ural. Ukusuka eningizimu wawugudle umngcele wezintaba zaseCaucasus namaPyrenees enyakatho yeSpain. Ngasentshonalanga, uhla lwalezi zinhlobo lufika eFrance nasempumalanga yeSpain. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi ama-minks azingelwa isikhathi eside, okuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-150 eyedlule, amanani awo anciphile kakhulu, futhi ububanzi, obusetshenziswa ukwelula umucu obanzi oqhubekayo ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, bunqunyelwe eziqhingini ngazinye lapho kuseneziqhingi ezithile lezi cunyas.

Njengamanje, ama-mink aseYurophu ahlala enyakatho yeSpain, entshonalanga yeFrance, eRomania, e-Ukraine naseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emkhakheni wezwe lethu iningi labantu lihlala ezifundeni zeVologda, Arkhangelsk neTver. Kepha ngisho nalapho, i-European mink ayikwazi ukuzizwa iphephile ngenxa yokuthi i-mink yaseMelika itholakala ezindaweni abahlala kuzo - imbangi eyinhloko nomncintisana naye ophoqa indawo yakhe yemvelo.

I-European mink ihlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, ikakhulukazi ithanda ukukhetha imifudlana enamabhange amnene, embozwe izitshalo ezi-alder nezomhlaba, nemifula yamahlathi enendawo yokuzilibazisa nezitshalo eziningi zasogwini njengendawo yazo yokuhlala, kuyilapho ingahlali khona emifuleni emikhulu nebanzi. Kepha iyakwazi nokuhlala endaweni yama-steppe, lapho ihlala khona ngasogwini lwamachibi, amachibi, imishayo, izintokazi ezindala nasezikhukhuleni zezikhukhula. Kutholakala ezigodini zezinyawo, lapho kuhlala khona imifula yezintaba esheshayo enogu olunamahlathi.

Ukudla kwe-mink yaseYurophu

I-Mink isilwane esidlayo, futhi kungukudla kwezilwane okudlalela indima enkulu ekudleni kwayo. Emanzini ubamba ngekhono izinhlanzi ezincane, okuyingxenye eyinhloko yemenyu yesilo. Ogwini, kudla izinduku ezincane, amasele, izinyoka eziphakathi nendawo, futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, izinyoni. Ayizideleli i-caviar cogar kanye nama-tadpoles, crayfish, ama-mollusks anamanzi amasha kanye nezinambuzane. Izimbungulu ezihlala eduze kwamadolobhana kwesinye isikhathi zingazingela izinkukhu, futhi ngesikhathi sasebusika esingenawo ama-feed zilanda imfucuza yokudla eduze kwezindlu zabantu.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, lesi silwane sikhetha ukuhlela isitoringi sokudla emgodini waso noma "ngama-pantries" ahlome ngokukhethekile. Uvame ukuphindisela lezi zitoko ngokuvulekile, ngakho-ke izinto azivami esitelekeni sokuphoqwa yindlala kuma-minks.

Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi ezidla inyama ezithanda inyama “ngo-choke,” i-mink yaseYurophu ikhetha ukudla ukudla okusha. Kwesinye isikhathi angahlala alambe izinsuku eziningana ngaphambili, ngenxa yokufuna okunye, aqale ukudla inyama ekhexisayo.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Isikhathi sokuluthwa kwe-mink yaseYurophu siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, kuyilapho ukulwa okuvusa imisindo kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa, kuhambisana nokumemeza okukhulu kwezimbangi. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba iqhwa lincibilike engxenyeni enkulu yebanga, izindawo lapho umjaho wama-mink wenzeka khona siyabonakala kakhulu ezindleleni ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-traks anyathelwa ngabesifazane ngasogwini. Ngemuva kokuphola, abesilisa nabesifazane bayahamba bangene emasimini abo futhi uma izindlela zabo zibuye zihlangana futhi kuze kube yilapho sekuqala ukuzuma, bese kuba ngengozi.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40 kuye kwezingama-43 futhi kugcina ngokuzalwa kwamawundlu amane noma amahlanu, yize, eqinisweni, angaba kusuka kwababili kuya kwabayisikhombisa. Izinsana zizalwa zingaboni futhi zingasizi, izinsikazi zizondla ngobisi kuze kuphele amasonto ayi-10. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-minks amancane aqala ukuya ekuzingeleni kancane kancane nonina, futhi ngamaviki ayi-12 azimele.

Kuyathakazelisa! Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-mink akahlobene nomndeni wama-canine, kuyisiko ukubiza amawundlu awo, kanye nezingane zamanye ama-marten, imidlwane.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla, umndeni uhlala ndawonye, ​​emva kwalokho amawundlu asekhulile ayofuna amasayithi afanele kuwo. Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kuma-minks kwenzeka cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-10.

Ukuvikelwa Kwe-Mink

Photo: Mink Red Book

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-mink abelokhu eyisisulu sabazingeli boboya obuhle, obufudumele nobabizayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo zaseYurophu zinciphile kakhulu, kanye nendawo yokusatshalaliswa kwawo emhlabeni. Kuze kube manje, kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukubamba lezi zilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, bekungenzeka ukumisa ukuqothulwa okusheshayo kwama-minks, kepha inkinga isasebenza - inani lezilwane alikhuli, kepha lincipha kancane.

Izinhlobo zase-Europe mink zibhalwe ku-Red Book kusukela ngo-1996. Kubhekwa njengokunyamalala ezindaweni zaseRiphabhlikhi yaseBashkortostan, Komi, Orenburg, Novgorod, Tyumen nakwezinye izindawo eziningi zaseRussia.

Ukugcina izinhlobo zezilwane, kwethulwa lezi zindlela zokuvikela ezilandelayo:

• Ukuvinjwa kokudubula. Ku-fur fur, lezi zilwane manje sezizalaniswa emapulazini akhethekile e-fur,
• Ukufuya okudingwa okulandelwa ukukhululwa ezindaweni ezivikelwe. Ososayensi bazama ukuvimba ukuqothulwa kwezilwane, bazalane ezimweni ezikhethekile bese bezidedela endle,
• Ukwethulwa kokuvinjwa kokubhujiswa kwezimila zasogwini. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine izindawo lapho lezi zilwane zingahlala khona futhi zizale,
• Izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokuzala, izinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwe-genome eSpain, Germany, France,
• Ukuqapha njalo kwenani lezilwane ezindaweni zazo zemvelo, ukuzinza kwabantu.

Qhwa - isilwane esincane, esihlakaniphile futhi esiguquguqukayo esinomphetho we-chic furry. Kuyinkomba ephambili yokudoba emhlabeni wonke. Emvelweni yemvelo, uhlobo lwe-mink lwaseYurophu luyancipha kancane kancane, esikhundleni salo kuthathelwe indawo yiMelika, noboya bayo obubaluleke kakhulu futhi obusezingeni eliphakeme. Ngalesi sizathu, amazwe angokwendalo yemvelo yama-minks kudingeka ukuthi enze yonke imizamo yokugcina isilwane esidla ubhedu.