Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwesigidi zezinambuzane ezindizayo nezinyakazayo emhlabathini. Bangaphezu kwama-90% bazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila abayikho. Izinambuzane zihlala futhi zizale ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile, futhi eziningi zazo ziyaluma.

Izinambuzane ngesikhathi sokuluma zingasabalalisa izifo eziningi futhi zivuse ukukhula kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamagciwane, amagciwane namagciwane.

Lo mbhalo ubala izinambuzane ezidumile eziluma kakhulu, eziluma ubuthi, bese ngenxa yalokho zinomthelela ekusakazekeni kwezifo eziningi.

1. Amaza

Lezi zinambuzane eziluma ezingenantambo zidla egazini lama-vertebrates anegazi elifudumele. Amaza amalahle angasabalalisa inhlupho kubantu.

Uma ukutheleleka kusakazekela kubantu, kungabulala. Ukulunywa yinyama kungadala ukungezwani komzimba, ukuvuvukala nokuqhuma.

2. Izimbungulu

Lezi zinambuzane eziluma kancane zincane, zilukhuni futhi, izinambuzane. Izimbungulu zidla ngegazi lomuntu negazi lezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele. Ngokuyisisekelo, izimbungulu zombhede zenziwa zisebenze ebusuku, ezisele zingabonakali.

Cishe ezingama-26 amagciwane ayaziwa ahlala ngaphakathi kwalesi sinambuzane nasemlonyeni waso. Ukusuka kokulunywa bug, amaqhubu obomvu ahlala esikhunjeni, abangela ukulunywa kanzima.

3. Omiyane bomalaleveva

Omiyane besifazane baluma isikhumba sesisulu nge-proboscis emincane, ekugcineni lapho kutholakala khona amabhangqa amabili okusika amabala. Yizigaqa ezisiza ukubhoboza isikhumba somuntu esimnyama. Omiyane abalunywa umalaleveva bangabathwali besifo esibi segama elifanayo - umalaleveva.

Lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi siyabulala. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo yizimpawu ezijwayelekile: isicanucanu, umkhuhlane kanye nokubanda.

4. Izintuthwane ezibomvu

Ubuthi bantuthwane obomvu abuboni kubantu, kodwa bungaba yingozi kakhulu kubantu abanozwela. Njengoba abanye abantu ngemuva kokulunywa bangathola i-anaphylaxis enzima - ukusabela kokungezwani nobuthi.

Ukulunywa zintuthwane ezibomvu kuyathathelana ngakho-ke kungaphenduka izibazi.

5. Ama-Hornets

Ama-horne aseJapan nase-Asia ngobuthi bawo obulalayo, abulala abantu ababalelwa ku-80 minyaka yonke. Ubuthi buqukethe ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-acetylcholine, ekwazi ukuncibilika izicubu zomzimba ezibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu.

Lezi zinambuzane eziluma ziluma kanye kuphela ezimpilweni zazo, kepha lokhu kwanele ukubangela ukwethuka nokwesaba kubantu.

7. Izingwe

Izinambuzane zincane kakhulu ngosayizi, ngakho-ke azibonakali ngeso lomuntu. Ithikhi yasekhaya inombala ongekho mhlophe, ihlala othulini futhi idla imfucuza yomuntu neyezilwane.

Izintuthwane azilali, kepha zingadala ukungahambi kahle komzimba. Njengomthetho, izinkinga zokuphefumula zenzeka. Ukubonakaliswa komzimba kungaba yingozi, ukukhwehlela, ukukhinyabeza nekhala eligudlayo.

Amehlo futhi angamanzi, kuqhamuke ukuvela, futhi kungavela nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla.

8. Imikhaza yehlathi

Ukukhishwa kwethikhi lasehlathini kuyaziwa ukusabalalisa izifo ezinjenge-encephalitis, isifo se-lime, typhoid, umkhuhlane obonakalayo, kanye nezinye izifo eziyingozi ezithathelwanayo.

Zonke izinhlobo zemikhaza zihlala futhi zizalela otshanini obude nasezihlahleni. Ezindaweni ezifanayo balindele izisulu zabo futhi babahlasele buthule.

9. Izintuthwane zase-Afrika

Izintuthwane zase-Afrika zidla izicabucabu, amagundane, nezinye izinambuzane ezindizayo nezinambuzelayo. Lezi zidalwa ezifayo zingagibela ngaphansi kwezingubo zomuntu futhi zikulume uma zingazilindele kangako.

Ukulunywa imbovane yase-Afrika isebenza ngokushesha. Izintuthwane ezigobayo ziyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nasebegugile. Ukulunywa kubangela ukuthi kuhlaselwe ngokushesha ukubola. Unyaka nonyaka, bangaphezu kuka-50 abantu ababulawa ukulunywa yizintuthwane zase-Afrika.

10. Tsetse ukundiza

Imvamisa, i-Tsetse fly ibizwa ngokuthi impukane, kepha empeleni, lezi zinambuzane zifana nemidlwane emikhulu. UTsetse udla igazi lama-vertebrates, ngesikhathi ukuluma impukane ngamathe kulimaza i-trypanosomiasis kwisisulu.

Isifo esenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sibizwa nge-carotid fever. Izimpawu zalesi sifo yilezi: umkhuhlane, ikhanda, nobuhlungu obuhlangene. Unyaka nonyaka kufa abantu abangaphezu kwama-300 ngokulunywa yimpukane ye-Tsetse.

Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane

Zonke izinambuzane eziluma ezikulesi sihloko ziyingozi kubantu. Kepha ungazivikela kulaba bababulali abancane uma ugqoka izingubo ezinemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade. Faka izicelo zokuphindisela ngokuzifafaza ezicathulweni nasezingubo. Sebenzisa amanetha omiyane ezindaweni abahlala kuzo.

Ungavikela futhi ikhaya lakho ngamanetha omiyane, okwegobongo namanetha omiyane, okuzoba yisithiyo esingenakunqotshwa kwezinambuzane eziluma. Kepha khumbula ngasikhathi sinye ukuthi okuthengiswayo akufanele kuwele emanxebeni avulekile nokuthi kungadala ukucasuka kwesikhumba.

Izitolo azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngabesifazane abakhulelwe nababolekayo, futhi kufanele zigcinwe kude nezingane. Vikela ukuhamba eduze kwamaxhaphozi, amasimu anotshani obukhulu namahlathi aminyene, kulapha lapho izinambuzane eziluma zilindele izisulu zazo.

Isicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil

Yaziwa nangokuthi i-Phoneutria, izicabucabu ezihambahamba eBrazil ziyizidalwa ezinobuthi ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi. Kwi-Guinness Book of World Records ngonyaka ka-2010, lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu lwalubizwa ngokuthi yisicabucabu esinobuthi kunabo bonke emhlabeni.

Ubuthi besicabucabu balolu hlobo luqukethe i-neurotoxin enamandla eyaziwa ngokuthi i-PhTx3. Ekugxiliseni okubulalayo, le neurotoxin ibangela ukulahleka kokulawulwa kwemisipha nezinkinga zokuphefumula, okuholela ekukhubazekeni komzimba futhi ekugcineni kube nokuqunjelwa. Ukuluma kobuhlungu obulinganiselayo, ubuthi bubangela ukutheleleka okusheshayo kohlelo lwe-lymphatic, ukungena ohlelweni lokujikeleza ngo-85% kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Iziguli zizizwa zilukhuni kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphila, kwesinye isikhathi zibangela ukubekeka phambili emadodeni. Kukhona umuthi olwa nalutho olwa namagciwane alwa namagciwane, kodwa ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni onobuthi, inqubo yokudedelwa emzimbeni iyalingana nethuba lesisulu sokusinda.

Ama-termites

Ama-termites awabeki ingozi ngqo kubantu, adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emvelweni, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye amasiko adliwe ngisho. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izingane ezingama-termite zingadala umonakalo omkhulu kwingqalasizinda, kwesinye isikhathi zenze izindlu zingakulungeli ngokuphelele ukuba nezindlu.

Izintwala yizinambuzane ezingenazintambo ezidla izinhlayiya zesikhumba, igazi kanye nezinye izinsalela zomzimba womuntu. Imvamisa, abantu bangabathwali balezi zinambuzane, futhi emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu ezihlukile zezintwala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, njengamasimu, izintwala azihlali ziyingozi ngqo empilweni yabantu, zingaba abathwali bezifo.

I-Blackfoot Tick

Unyaka nonyaka, umkhaza onyaweni omnyama uthelela izinkulungwane zabantu abanalesi sifo seLyme, okuqala ngokuxhuma kokuzuma okufana neso senkabi. Izimpawu zakuqala zalesi sifo zifaka ikhanda kanye nomkhuhlane. Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, isisulu siqala nokuba nezinkinga ngohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Bambalwa abafayo ngenxa yalokhu kulunywa, kepha imiphumela ingaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokuhlangana okungathandeki nethikhi.

Izintuthwane uNomad

Isidalwa sokuqala esisohlwini lwethu oluyingozi ngokwencazelo yangempela yagama siyizintuthwane ezihamba ngezinyawo, ezaziwa ngokuba nolaka lwazo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane, ezidukayo azizakheli izintuthwane zazo zaphakade. Esikhundleni salokho, bakha amakoloni asuka endaweni ethile aye kwenye. Lezi zilwane ezidla izindwani zihlala zihamba usuku lonke, zizingela izinambuzane nama-vertebrates amancane. Eqinisweni, ikoloni lonke lingabulala ngaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi izinambuzane nezilwane ezincane ngosuku olulodwa.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iminyovu eminingi ayibeki ingozi ethile eqondile, izinhlobo ezithile zazo, njenge-wasp yaseJalimane yaseNyakatho Melika, zinkulu futhi zingaba nolaka olukhulu. Uma bezizwa beyingozi noma bebona ukuhlasela kwensimu yabo, bangakhonya kaninginingi futhi kubuhlungu kakhulu. Bazomaka abahlukumezayo babo kwezinye izimo bese bezilandela.

Umfelokazi Omnyama

Ngaphandle kokuthi ukugwazwa kwesicabucabu sowesifazane uBlack Widow kungaba yingozi kakhulu kubantu ngenxa yama-neurotoxins akhishwe ngesikhathi sokulunywa, uma ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kwezokwelapha kunikezwa ngesikhathi, imiphumela yokulimala izokhawulelwa kubuhlungu obuthile kuphela. Ngeshwa, ukufa okuhlukile komlwelwe Omnyama kwenzeka.

1. Anopheles noma umiyane umalaleveva

Lezi zinambuzane, ezingokwaluphi uhlobo lweDiptera, zingathwala i-malasmal plasmogia, okuyizinto eziyinyama emzimbeni womuntu, zidala umalaleveva kuye. Lo miyane usebenza kakhulu ngemuva kokushona kwelanga futhi emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-10 degrees. Abesifazane kuphela abanochwephesha begazi, abathi, uma beluma abantu abanegciwane, bazithelele bona bese bedlulisela ukutheleleka kwabahlukumezayo abalandelayo. Izinsuku ezingama-4 ukuya kwezingu-10 ezichithwe emzimbeni womiyane, i-malasmal plasmodium iyakwazi ukuvuthwa futhi iphindaphindeke, futhi umiyane uqobo uphenduka umthombo wokutheleleka wezinsuku eziyi-16 kuya kwezi-5. Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 abantu abahlushwa umalaleveva minyaka yonke, kuthi ezigidini ezintathu, bahlangane nomiyane. Ukufa okuphezulu kakhulu okuvela kumalaleveva kubonwa e-Afrika, okwandiswa yisimo esidabukisayo somuthi wasekhaya.

2. Izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu

Ososayensi bathi izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu zinhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu nolunolaka lwezinambuzane eziluma. Umbala wabo ubomvu onsundu, futhi umuzwa wokulunywa yisisulu ufana nomuzwa ovuthayo ngomlilo, yingakho igama elithi “umlilo” egameni. Ubukhulu balezi zintuthwane buncane - 2-6 mm. Uhla lomlando walezi zinambuzane lwalutholakala enkabeni yeNingizimu Melika, kodwa abantu babahambisa ngengozi babayisa ezindaweni ezahlukene emhlabeni, lapho zazilungiswa khona. Kumuntu ophethwe yi-allergies, ubuthi obunamandla nokugwaza okunamandla kwentuthwane yomlilo obomvu kuyingozi enkulu. Esizeni sokulunywa, umuntu unomuzwa wokuchayeka ilangabi elivulekile, elanda kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuza kuba nokuhlasela uma amaxhaphozi ezwa engcupheni yezintuthwane zawo. Lapho-ke lonke iqembu lesintuthwane liqala ukuhlasela lize lilimale ngesisulu. Cishe abantu abangama-30 babulawa ukulunywa yiminyaka yonke.

3. I-Lonomia

Phakathi kwamathrekhi ahamba kancane futhi abonakala engenandaba, kukhona nezidalwa eziyingozi. Isibungu sovemvane omncane wasebusuku iLonomia sihlala emahlathini omanzi aseNingizimu Melika, futhi abantu bendawo bayibiza ngokuthi “i-lazown lazy”. Lesi sibungu se-shaggy simaskwa ngokumangalisayo phakathi kokuluhlaza, ngakho-ke ungabhekana nengozi ngokuphelele nokuxhumana nayo. Isibungu sinokubukeka okuhle kakhulu - kukhanya, muhle, kumbozwe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi nge-villi ende. Kepha ziqukethe ubuthi obunamandla kunabo bonke, obuqine kangangokuba ukugcokwa kwegazi kuphuke ngokushesha kumuntu olimele, izinso zihluleke, ukuphuma kwesibindi ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba kungavela. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aqala ukubhidlika, kwenzeka izicubu eziningi ze-hemorrhage. Ngaphandle, lokhu kuvezwa ngokubonakala kokulimala okukhulu esikhunjeni.
Uma umuntu ekwazi 'ukuhlasela' eziningana zalezi amathrekhi ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke cishe ngokuqinisekile uzokufa - ukuphuma kwengqondo okukhulu kuzoqala ngokushesha, okuzoholela ekushayweni nasekufeni komuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Ngeshwa, amacimbi omnotho avela emasimini ezithelo, lapho abalimi baseBrazil bakhubeka kuwo ngephutha. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufa abantu abayi-10-30 minyaka yonke, futhi abaningi abaningi basala bekhubazekile.

4. Izimpondo ezinkulu

Ama-Horigts amakhulu ahlala ezindaweni eziningi e-Asia: e China, India, Nepal, Korea, Japan, ngisho nase Primorsky Territory yethu. Ubude balezi ziphulu bungadlula amasentimitha ayi-5, banemihlana enamandla kakhulu nobude obuhlaba umxhwele (6 mm), lapho bahlaba khona isikhumba somuntu kalula. Isisulu esinjalo esinokuhlaselwa sihlasela ngaphandle kwesizathu esikhethekile, futhi ukulwa naso ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle kunzima kakhulu. Ukuhlasela, uphondo luqala ukuphindisela, ngomjovo ngamunye, lujova ingxenye entsha yobuthi. Wenza ngobuhlungu obukhulu, ngenkathi futhi ebhubhisa izicubu zomzimba. Isazi esithile saseJapan esahlaselwa uphondo sachaza ukuluma kwakhe njengomphumela wesipikili esishisayo. Abantu abangama-30-70 bafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokulimala kophondo olukhulu.

5. Izintuthwane zamasosha

Emhlabeni kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezintuthwane, futhi eziningi zazo ziyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izintuthwane zamasosha amabutho, okuyisipesheli esikhethekile sezintuthwane ezisebenzayo kanye nezindawo ezithile. Ukuntuleka kombono kubenza babe yingozi kuphela, ngoba bahlasela konke okunenyama negazi - impukane, indlovu noma umuntu. Lezi zimpi zihamba emakoloni, kepha azakhi izithangami, ngakho-ke ukubanjwa ngendlela yazo kuzobonakala kungenele. Lolu hlobo lwezintuthwane lunomzimba omkhulu, lufinyelela kumasentimitha amathathu. Bahlome ngezikhonkwane ezinde ezinamandla, ezembula inyama kalula. Ngemuva kokwenza umgodi, izintuthwane zigibela esilondeni futhi ziqhubeke nokubhubhisa izicubu, okunikeza isisulu ubuhlungu obukhulu. Babizwa nangokuthi ngokomfanekiso "ukufa okuphila." I-colony yezintuthwane ezinjalo ngesonto izokwazi ukugedla amazinyo endlovu, kepha kungaba khona usuku oluningi kumuntu.

6. Inyosi yababulali base-Afrika

Ingozi eyinhloko yalezi zinyosi ebudloveni bazo kanye nesifiso sokuthwebula amasimu amasha. Uma izinyosi ezejwayelekile zingazihluphi esidlekeni ngaphandle kokusongela, khona-ke isiphambano phakathi kwezinyosi zase-Afrika nezinye izinyosi zihlasela konke okuhamba eduze. Bakwenza ngesiphithiphithi, kanti ubuthi bomuntu ngamunye abubuthakathaka kunenyoka. Inyosi eyodwa ebulala kanjena ngeke ilimaze kakhulu, kepha uma kungundabamlonyeni, khona-ke isisulu siyoqala ukusabela okubi kakhulu, kusheshe kukhule kube ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, okuvame ukuphela ukubulawa kwayo. Inyosi ebanjwe ngabantu kunzima ukuyihlukanisa kwenyosi ejwayelekile yoju. Ingozi yabo ileso emandleni aphezulu okubangwa yizimo ezintsha, ngakho-ke, lapho ebonakala eBrazil, kancane kancane asakazeka kulo lonke elaseMelika, abese elibhekisa empumalanga, ebhubhisa ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi.

7. Tsetse ukundiza

Le mpukane yase-Afrika nayo ingenye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, ngoba ingadlulisela kumuntu olunywe yisithunywa se-causative sokugula okulala. Lesi sifo saziwa isikhathi eside, kepha odokotela abatholanga ndlela ethembekile yokubhekana naso. Njengoba lesi sifo sikhula kumuntu, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yezinzwa kwenzeka, ukozela kuyabonakala, ukwazi kuba nokudideka. Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, kungaba ukukhohlisa nokufa okulandelayo. Ngokwezibalo, cishe isigamu sesigidi sabantu sesivele sinalesi sifo ngaseningizimu yeSahara, futhi ukufa okuhlala isikhathi eside kubuhlungu kulindele iningi labo.

8. Inhlamvu

Omunye ummeleli oyingozi wezintuthwane ezivela eSouth America naseMelika Ephakathi, ohlela izidleke zazo ngesisekelo sezihlahla, emiqhele lapho lezi zintuthwane zisebenzelana khona lapho zisebenza, futhi uma kunesidingo, zizulisela izisulu. Izintuthwane ezinenhlamvu zinobuthi obunamandla kakhulu (obunamandla kunanoma iyiphi inyosi noma i-wasp). Bayijova ngokuqina okunamandla okufika ku-3.5 mm ubude. Umuntu uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obuvela ekulimeni, ekhumbuza futhi izinhlungu ezivela enxebeni lokudubulana kosuku, ngakho-ke lezi zinambuzane zibizwa nangokuthi "amahora we-ants-24." Ngalesi sikhathi, umuntu uthola ukuhlukunyezwa okunamandla nokukhwazwa kakhulu. Izizwe eziningi zamaNdiya ezihlala emahlathini emvula zilondoloze isiko lokuqalwa kwabafana, lapho babeka khona imbandezelo ekhethekile engalweni yabo imizuzu eyi-10, lapho kutholakala khona izintuthane zezinhlamvu. Imizwa le icishe ifane nomuntu uma efaka isandla sakhe emqubeni yamalahle avuthayo. Emva kwalokho, isikhashana, umsunguli uhlanganisa ukukhubazeka, bese kuthi ilume elimile libe mnyama.

9. Izimbungulu ze-Triatom

Banenye igama, eliyiphutha ngokwengeziwe - izimbungulu eziqabulayo, ngoba lezi zidalwa, zazo kunezinhlobo ezingama-130, zithanda ukuluma umuntu eduze nezindebe zazo. Zisakazeke ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, e-Afrika, e-Asia nase-Australia. Kakhulu lezi zinhlobo zidla ngokudla kwezitshalo, kepha kunezinambuzane eziphuza igazi elivela kubantu nasezilwaneni ezinkulu. Bamele ukuhlasela umuntu ebusuku, lapho elele, bese bemba izindebe zakhe. Yebo, yindlela abangasamnika ngayo isilunguzane esidala isifo seChagas. Ukusuka ekuqabuleni okunothando ngobusuku obunjalo, kufinyelela abantu abayi-12,000 minyaka yonke. Ukulunywa okuncane kakhulu, umuntu ongezwa ngisho nokukuzwa, kuholela ekusebenzeni kabi okungaka emzimbeni okungasuswa ngaphandle kosizo lomuthi.

10. UGadafire

Sijwayele kahle igajethi ejwayelekile, engakuluma kabuhlungu, kepha akukho okunye. Kepha kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lwesigaxa sesikhumba somuntu, ubungozi baso esisezibayeni zalo ezinobuhlalu. Lezi zihlahlamezi zihlala eNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi. Owesifazane walesaga enjalo ubeka amaqanda esikhunjeni sabantu noma kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Isibungu esihlosiwe sicijela ukudlula esikhunjeni bese kuhlala kuso izinyanga ezimbili. Umuntu uyakwazi ngisho nokuzwa ukunyakaza kwezibungu ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lapho izibungu sezivuthwa ngokugcwele, sishiya isidumbu somuntu owamukela izihambi, okuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa singazizwa simnandi kakhulu. Ukubonakala okungathandeki nokuziphatha okungathandeki kwalesi izibungu kukubeka phakathi kwezinambuzane ezingathandeki kakhulu.
Enye into emele igajethi yigogo eluhlaza, okungenye yezimpukane ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Kepha uyingozi kakhulu ezimvini. Abesifazane balesi gajethi bafaka izibungu ezifika ku-40 kwi-nasopharynx yezimvu empofu ngasikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho lezo zinyanga eziyisithupha zidla izicubu ezizungezile zomgcini, zimenze abe yi-esterosis yezimvu.

Izandla ezinyaweni. Bhalisela iqembu lethu le-VKontakte bese ufunda zonke izindatshana zethu kuqala!

Iqhude elibomvu

Lezi "zilwane ezifuywayo" ziqabile, zikhetha amakamelo afudumele wokuhlala eduze nokudla namanzi. Bazondla ngemikhiqizo yabantu, kuthi uma bungekho, bangadla imikhiqizo yamaphepha nesikhumba. Iqhude elibomvu liyingozi kulokho, ukuhambahamba ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezindawo zokuhlala, kufaka phakathi amathini kadoti, indle, njll., Ithwala amagciwane amaningi ayingozi namaqanda e-helminth ngokwayo. Umakhelwane onjalo usongela umuntu ngokuqhamuka nezifo ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya i-dysentery, meningitis, salmonella nabanye.

Isiphazamisi sokulala

Kubhekiselwa ezinambuzaneni ezihlukumeza umzimba womuntu nezilwane. Kuhleliwe ezindaweni zokuhlala ukuze ube seduze nomthombo wamandla. Izimbungulu zihlasela abantu ikakhulukazi ebusuku, kuthi phakathi nosuku zicashe ezindaweni ezifihlakele. Ukulunywa kwalesi sinambuzane esincane, okunzima ukusibona, kubangela ukuqubuka okungathandeki futhi kungaholela ekwahlulekeni komzimba.

I-flea flea

Lolu hlobo lwendiza lubeka ingozi enkulu kubantu. Ihlukumeza kakhulu amagundane, idlulisela isifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bacillus, i-tularemia, i-encephalitis kanye nezinye izifo kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kwesinye. Futhi namagundane, wona asakaza kalula ukutheleleka, ukutheleleka kumuntu. Ezimweni ezingandile, amabaqhaqha aluma izilwane kanye nabantu. Ngaphezu kobuhlungu nokulunywa esakhiweni sokuluma, umuntu angathola ikhanda, umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izimpawu ezingezinhle.

Isinqe somuntu

Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezidla ngegazi lomuntu, ngokuya ngendawo okuhanjiswa kuyo umzimba, zingezinhlobo ezi-2: inhloko nomzimba. Izintwala zekhanda azinangozi, yize ukuhlangana nazo kungenza abantu bathokoze kakhulu. Ukulunywa kwabo kubangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba, izifo ezahlukahlukene zingangena ngamanxeba. Isitho sokuzalwa siyisisulu esiyinhloko sesifo esibulalayo - ubhubhane lwe-typhus.

Intuthwane yomlilo ebomvu

Ukulunywa kwalezi zinambuzane kuyafana nokuzwa komlilo ovuthayo, lapho banikezwa khona igama elinjalo. Lolu hlobo lwezintuthwane, olwaluhlala kuphela iBrazil, lwalethwa ngokungaxhunyiwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, lapho lakwazi khona ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi lazivumelanisa nokuphila ezimeni ezintsha. Ubuthi bezintuthwane obomvu obuvunywa ukulunywa bungenza umuntu angabheki, ngisho nokufa.

Intuthwane

Lezi zintuthwane ziphilela indlela yokuphila engahleliwe. Basuka endaweni ngezindawo nomndeni wonke omkhulu onobungane, isikhathi sokuhamba sithatha amasonto amabili. Izintuthwane zishiya kuphela owesimame ukuthi angazalela amaqanda bese amalungu amasha omphakathi aqhamuka kumphini owakhelwe ngaphambili. Indawo yokuhlala kwezintuthwane okungahleliwe yizwekazi lase-Afrika, amazwe ase-Asia kanye naseNingizimu Melika. Ukulunywa kwesiqubulo esinjalo kubulala kuphela abantu abathambekele kulwelwe. Okunye ukuphazamiseka kulezi zinambuzane ukuthi zikhipha yonke into esendleleni yazo, kubandakanya imfuyo.

Impukane yeWolfart

Lezi zinambuzane zivamile eningizimu yeYurophu naseRussia, enyakatho ye-Afrika nase China. Zingezimpukane zenyama empunga, eziphawuleka ngokuzala izidumbu zezilwane. Yilesi sici esibeka usongo ezilwaneni ezifuywayo nakubantu, ngoba impukane ingabeka izibungu zayo enxebeni, elinqunyiwe noma elwelwni lwama-mucous. Kuthuthuka, izibungu ziqala ukudla izicubu eziphilayo nemisipha yabantu. Ukuhamba ngaphakathi komzimba, kudala izinhlungu, endaweni lapho kuhlala khona abantu, kukhona ukuvuvukala nokuqina.

Cordylobia anthropophaga

Enye impukane okuvela izibungu emzimbeni womuntu. Lolu hlobo lwezimpukane lusabalele ezwenikazi lase-Afrika naseSaudi Arabia. Lesi sinambuzane sibekela amaqanda esihlabathini noma ezingutsheni ezifakwe umchamo noma izithukuthuku, kanti izibungu zilinda ngesineke ukuthi zithwele isikhathi esizayo. Lapho zithintana nesikhumba somuntu, ziqala ukuswayeka ngokuqinile kuso, ngenxa yalokho i-myiasis eshisayo iba emzimbeni womuntu. Ngakho-ke, izibungu zihlala emzimbeni womuntu izinsuku ezingafika ku-15, bese ziphuma ziye ukuyolanda emhlabathini.

I-Megalopyge opercularis

Lesi sidalwa se-shaggy sohlobo lwe-moth sanda sabizwa ngokuthi isibambiso sikaDonald Trump, ngokufana kwaso nezinwele. Kepha ukubukeka okuhle nokwedelela kwalesi sinambuzane kuyadukisa. Uboya lapho umzimba wesibungu ufihliwe kuqukethe izinwele ezinezinhlaka ezinesihlungu. Uma umuntu enquma ukushaya isibungu, uzibeka engcupheni yokuthola umjovo onobuthi onamandla. Lapho ihlangene nesikhumba somuntu, ameva angena kuwo aqhekeke, kanti ubuthi bubangela umuzwa ovuthayo ovuthayo. Ikakhulu abantu abasengozini yokuhlaselwa bangathola isiyezi nokuhlanza. Lezi zinambuzane zivamile e-United States, eMexico nasenyakatho ne-Central America.

Lesi sinambuzane siyimpukane enkulu yegciwane. Emhlabeni jikelele, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-170 zezinja, lapho eyodwa kuzohlasela abantu - iDermatobia hominis, ehlala eMelika Ephakathi. Kungumqondo ojwayelekile ojwayelekile wokuthi izibawu zilume kabuhlungu. Eqinisweni, abanamlomo namazinyo, ngakho-ke lokhu akunakwenzeka nje ngokomzimba. Ingozi yalezi zinambuzane ilele kwizibungu zazo, ezithi ekuqaleni kwesigaba zikhule emzimbeni womuntu noma wezincelikazi kuphela. Lapho sezisemzimbeni, izibungu ziqala ukudla inyama nezicubu, zibangele i-myiasis.

Umbungu wezinwele

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zinqola zezinambuzane ezingama-Megalopyge opercularis zibukeka zizinhle futhi zine-fluffy, ungakhohliswa ukubukeka kwazo kwe-cartoony, ngoba zinobuthi obukhulu.

Imvamisa abantu bakholelwa ukuthi izinwele ngokwazo ziyavutha, kepha eqinisweni ubuthi buyakhululwa ngemikhaba efihlwe kuleli “jazi”. Izipikha ziqhuma kakhulu futhi zihlala esikhunjeni ngemuva kokuthinta. Ubuthi bubangela umuzwa ovuthayo uzungeze indawo ethintekile, ikhanda, isiyezi, ukugabha, ubuhlungu besisu obukhali, ukulimala kwama-lymph node futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukuboshwa kokuphefumula.

I-Lonomia obliqua

Isikeleli sebhabhathane esiqhamuka emndenini we-peacock-eye sitholakala emahlathini emvula, ezivandeni nasezivandeni zasemakhaya kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America. Umzimba wesibungu umbozwe ngemithombo enobuthi ebhoboza kalula isikhumba somuntu. Ngemuva kokuxhumana ne-lonomia, ubuthi bungena egazini, obunciphisa ukuqina kwabo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, umuntu uba nokopha kwangaphakathi, ukuphuma kwezitho zomzimba ezithweni, kubandakanya nengqondo, okungaholela ekufeni.

Amachaphaza

Enye yezinambuzane ezidumile, i-cockroach yaziwa njengokuthwala izifo eziningi eziyingozi kubantu. Ingozi enkulu yokuhlala ndawonye namachwane ukuthi agibela ezitsheni zangasese, amathini kadoti nakwezinye izindawo lapho amagciwane aqongelela khona, futhi ngenxa yalokho, angabathwali. Amachaphaza angaba imbangela yezifo eziningi: kusuka kwizikelemu nakumahlwili kuya kwesifo sofuba neTyphoid. Amaqhude angathwala isikhunta, izidalwa ezingama-unicellular, amagciwane namagciwane. Nali iqiniso elimnandi - bangaphila izinyanga eziningi ngaphandle kokudla namanzi.

Izibungu ze-Parasite

Izibungu zeparashuic ziluhlobo lwe-parukeni ye-eukaryotic. Iningi lezibungu eziyizidlakudla laziwa ngokuphila ngokugaya kwabantu futhi libangela ukuqwasha, ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, nezinye izinkinga eziningi zempilo.

Izimbungulu zombhede

Umuntu akakuzwa ngqo ukulunywa kwebug uqobo, ngoba ukwakheka kwamathebu wale bug kufaka phakathi umuzwa wokubulala izinzwa. Uma i-bug ingakwazanga ukufika ku-capillary yegazi okokuqala, ingaluma umuntu amahlandla amaningi. Esizeni sokulunywa bug, ukulunywa kanzima kuqala, futhi ukuqhuma kungabonakala futhi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, abantu bhekana nokulimazeka okukhulu kokulimala kokubi. Ngenhlanhla, abantu abangamaphesenti angama-70 bazizwa cishe bungekho imiphumela evela kubo.

Izimbungulu zombhede ziyizinambuzane zasendlini futhi aziyona ingxenye yeqembu elithwala izifo ezithathelwanayo, kodwa emzimbeni wazo zingagcina ama-pathogens adlulisela ukutheleleka ngegazi isikhathi eside, afaka: i-virpatitis hepatitis B, izifo ezingamagciwane, i-tularemia, i-Q-fever nayo ingaqhubeka. Ziletha ukulimala okukhulu kubantu ukulunywa yizo, ukuthatha ukuphumula nokujwayelekile komuntu, okuthi kamuva kube nomthelela omubi empilweni nasekusebenzeni.

Igagasi lomuntu

Amagajethi esintu anezibungu ezingadlulisa izinambuzane ezisongela impilo kubantu. Yaziwa nangokuthi yi-torsalo, amagajethi esintu avame ukudluliselwa ngomiyane. Lapho umiyane ophethe izibungu zomuntu omise okwesibhakabhaka uwela esikhunjeni, izibungu zingena emzimbeni wesitho. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ikhula ngaphansi kwesikhumba futhi ingadala isifo esikhulu uma ukulunywa umiyane kungalashwa ngokushesha.

Centipede

ICentipede (Scutigera coleoptrata). Lesi sinambuzane, esibizwa nangokuthi i-flycatcher, savela eMedithera. Yize eminye imithombo ikhuluma ngeMexico. UCentipede usevame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Yize ukubukeka kwezinambuzane okunje kungasebenzi, imvamisa zenza umsebenzi owusizo, njengoba zidla ezinye izinambuzane ngisho nezicabucabu. Kuyiqiniso, nge-entomophobia (ukwesaba izinambuzane), ukuphikisana okunjalo ngeke kusize. Abantu bavame ukubabulala ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo okungathandeki, yize ama-centipedes evikelekile ngisho nakwamanye amazwe aseningizimu. Umcuphi wempukane uyisisulu sokudla, afaka ubuthi kohlukunyezwayo abesebulele. Imvamisa ezindiza zihlala ezindlini ngaphandle kokulimaza ukudla noma ifenisha. Bathanda umswakama, imvamisa ama-centipedes angatholakala ezindlini ezingaphansi, ngaphansi kokugeza, ezindlini zangasese. Ama-Flycatchers aphile kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwengama-7, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinamabili kuphela emilenze, azikhulise ngawodwa nge-molt entsha. Imvamisa, ukulunywa yisinambuzane okunjalo akusiphazamisi kubantu, yize kungaqhathaniswa nokugwazwa kwenyosi okuncane. Kwabanye, lokhu kungaba buhlungu ngisho, kepha kuvame ukukhawulelwa izinyembezi. Kuyiqiniso, ama-centipedes akuzona izinambuzane ezibangela ukufa kwezinkulungwane, kodwa abaningi bethu bazomangala ukuthola ukuthi unyaka nonyaka umuntu uyafa kulokhu kulunywa. Iqiniso ngukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-allergic reaction to the izinambuzane, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu.

Isikhafu esimnyama

Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-scorpion awazona izinambuzane, ngoba angokuhleleka kwama-arthropods kusuka esigabeni sama-arachnids, sasesiwafaka kulolu hlu, ikakhulukazi ngoba omabazi abamnyama baphakathi kwezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu kofezela. Iningi lazo lihlala eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esiningi zitholakala ogwadule. Ama-scorpion amnyama ahlukile kwezinye izinhlobo emsileni wawo obukhulu namazolo amancane. Izikhonkwane ezimnyama ziyagwaza, zifake ubuthi kozisolayo, ezingadala izinhlungu, zikhubazeke nokufa imbala.

I-Predator

Elinye i-bloodsucker yi-Predator, aka Assassin bug, aka Reduviidae. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko kuqukethe izinambuzane nezibungu zabo, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo azihambi ngokuphuza igazi ezilwaneni ezincane ngisho nakubantu. Isidlakudla esibhekene nokudluliselwa kwesifo seChagas, leli bhungane elihlaselayo livame ukuthelela abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezihlala emaphandleni ampofu.

Inhlamvu

IParaponera clavata luhlobo lwezintuthwane ezinkulu ezishisayo ezivela kuhlobo lweParaponera Smith, kanye neParaponerinae (iForicidae), enesifo esiqinile. Kubizwe intuthwane ngenhlamvu ngesizathu sokuthi izisulu zaluma ziyiqhathanise nesibhamu esivele ngesibhamu.

Umuntu olunywe yile ntuthwane angazizwa edabukisa futhi ebuye abe nobuhlungu obungapheliyo kosuku ngemuva kokuluma. Kwezinye izizwe zasekhaya zaseMdabu zaseMelika (Satere-Mawe, Maue, eBrazil), lezi zintuthwane zisetshenziswa emicikilweni ebuhlungu kakhulu yokuqalwa kwabafana ekubeni umuntu mdala (okuholela ekukhubazekeni kwesikhashana kuze kube mnyama iminwe emile). Ngesikhathi sokufunda ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ubuthi, i-neurotoxin (peptide) ekhubazayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-poneratoxin yahlukaniswa nayo.

Umiyane waseMalariya

Omiyane bakwaMalarial noma i-anopheleses luhlobo lwezinambuzane ezise-diptera, eziningi zazo ezithwala ama-parasites abantu - i-malasmal plasmodia. Umiyane ungenwa ngumalaleveva we-plasmodium ovela esigulini noma kumuntu ophethe. IPlasmodium falciparum ithola umjikelezo wokuzala ngokocansi omiyane. Umiyane onegciwane uba ngumthombo wokutheleleka kumuntu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4 ukuya ku-10 ethelelekile futhi unjalo ngezinsuku eziyi-16 kuya kwezi-5. Omiyane basebenza njengabathwali bezinye izinhlobo ze-plasmodia ezidala umalaleveva ezilwaneni.

Amamagagasi amagundane

Amamagagasi amagundane angenye yezinhlobo zezikebhe eziyingozi kakhulu (i-Pulicidae), isithwali sesifo. Ziyizidambisi zamagundane (iRetus, iNesokia) ne-gerbils (Gerbillinae). Bangabathwali be-P isifo bacillus (i-Yersinia pestis) ne-Rickettsia typhi, kanye nemikhosi ephakathi yezikelemu zokuhlanza zegundane iHymenolepis minimuta tapeworm negundane iHymenolepis nana tapeworm. Izifo zingathathelwa kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kwesinye ziye ngamaqanda.

Inyosi yezinyosi yase-Afrika

Izinyosi zase-Afrika (ezaziwa nangokuthi izinyosi zokubulala) ziyinzalo yezinyosi ezalethwa kusuka e-Afrika zayiswa eBrazil ngawo-1950s emzameni wokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinyosi kuleli. Ezinye izindlovukazi zase-Afrika zaqala ukuhlangana nezinyosi zasendaweni zaseYurophu. Ama-nzalo aphumela lapho athuthele enyakatho futhi asatholakala eningizimu yeCalifornia.

Izinyosi zase-Afrika zibukeka ngendlela efanayo, futhi ezimweni eziningi ziziphatha njengezinyosi zaseYurophu ezihlala eMelika njengamanje. Bangabonakala kuphela ngokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA. Imivimbo yawo nayo ayifani nezinyosi ezijwayelekile. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili yindlela yokuziphatha yezinyosi zase-Afrika, ezibonakala ekuvikelweni kwezidleke zazo. Kokunye ukuhlaselwa okwenziwa eSouth America, izinyosi zase-Afrika zabulala imfuyo nabantu. I-AMP yathola igama lesidlaliso "Killer Bees" ngalokhu kuziphatha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwenyosi lwaziwa ngokusebenza njengomhlaseli. Izihlambi zazo zihlasela okhalweni lwenyosi ejwayelekile yezinyosi, zibahlasela futhi zibeke indlovukazi yazo. Bahlasela emikhondlwini emikhulu futhi bakulungele ukubhubhisa noma ngubani ongena esibelethweni sabo.

Amaza

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indiza ayivamisile ukubonwa njengeyingozi, amazeze adlulisela izifo eziningi phakathi kwezilwane nabantu. Kuwo wonke umlando, baye baba negalelo ekusakazweni kwezifo eziningi, njengesifo se-bubonic.

Izintuthwane zomlilo

Izintuthwane zomliloIntuthwane yomlilo) - izintuthwane eziningana ezihlobene neqembu lezinhlobo zamaSolenopsis saevissima-group genus Solenopsis, ezinesifo esinamandla nobuthi, isenzo sazo sifana nokushiswa okuvela elangabini (yingakho igama lazo). Kaningi, i-Red Fire Ant engahlaseli, esakazeka emhlabeni wonke, ivela ngaphansi kwaleli gama. Kunamacala owaziwayo wokugwaza umuntu ngentuthwane eyodwa kube nemiphumela emibi, ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, kuze kube sekufeni.

Isicabucabu esi-brown hermit

Isicabucabu sesibili esohlwini lwethu, uBrown Hermit, asizikhiphi i-neurotoxins njenge-Black Widow. Ukuluma kwakhe kubhubhisa izicubu futhi kungadala ukulimala okuthatha izinyanga ukuthi kuphole.

Ukuluma kuvame kakhulu ukunganakwa, kepha ezimweni eziningi imizwa iyafana naleyo eshayisana nenaliti. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungakapheli amahora angama-2-8, izinhlungu zizenza zizizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo sikhula ngokuya ngenani lobuthi obungene egazini. Ubuhlungu besicabucabu esinsundu sinomphumela we-hemolytic, okusho ukuthi kudala i-necrosis nokucekelwa kwezicubu. Ukuluma izingane ezincane zabantu asebekhulile nabagulayo kungabulala.

Izintuthwane zeSiafu

ISiafu (Dorylus). Lezi zintuthwane eziyizisulu zihlala eMpumalanga nase-Afrika Ephakathi, kodwa zitholakala nase-Asia esishisayo. Izinambuzane zihlala emakoloni, angaba abantu abafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-20, bonke bangaboni. Benza ukuhamba kwabo ngosizo lwama-pheromones. Ikoloni alinayo indawo yokuhlala yaphakade, lizula endaweni nezindawo. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba ukondla izibungu, izinambuzane zihlasela zonke izilwane ezingenamsoco. Phakathi kwezintuthwane ezinjalo kuneqembu elikhethekile - amasosha. Yibona abangakwazi ukugwaza, besebenzisa imihlathi yabo enjenge-hook, futhi ubukhulu balabo bantu bufinyelela ku-13 mm. Imihlathi yamasosha iqinile kangangokuba kwezinye izindawo e-Afrika isetshenziswa ngisho nokulungisa umthungo. Isilonda singavalwa isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezi-4. Imvamisa ngemuva kokulunywa yiSiafu, imiphumela mincane, awudingi nokuthi ubize udokotela. Kuliqiniso, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu abasha nabadala bayazwela ukuluma kwezintuthwane ezinjengalezi, kube nokushona kwabantu ngenxa yezinkinga ngemuva kokuxhumana. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngonyaka, ngokwezibalo, kubantu abangama-20 kuye kwabangu-50 bafa ngalezi zinambuzane. Lokhu kusungulwa ulaka lwabo, ikakhulukazi lapho bevikela ikoloni labo, umuntu angalihlasela ngengozi.

Giant asian bumblebee

Abaningi bethu babone ama-bumblebees, babukeka bancane, futhi asikho isizathu esithile sokubasaba. Manje cabanga i-bumblebee esekhulile, njengokungathi kuma-steroid, noma vele ubheke isipikili sase-Asia. Lama-hornets makhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - ubude bawo bungafinyelela ku-5 cm, kanti amaphiko ngamasentimitha ayi-7.5. Ubude bokuqina kwezinambuzane ezinjalo bungafinyelela ku-6 mm, kepha inyosi noma i-wasp akunakuqhathaniswa nokuluma okunjalo, futhi ama-bumblebees angaphinde alume kaningi. Awungeke uzithole izinambuzane eziyingozi kangako eYurophu noma e-USA, kodwa uzungeza i-East Asia nezintaba zaseJapan, ungahlangana nazo. Ukuzwisisa imiphumela yokulunywa, vele ulalele ababoneli. Baqhathanisa imizwa yokugwazwa kwesibhakela nesipikili esishisayo esiqhutshwa emlenzeni. Ubuhlungu bokuqina bunezakhi ezi-8 ezihlukile ezidala ukungaphatheki kahle, zilimaza izicubu ezithambile futhi zidale iphunga elingadonsela izisulu ezintsha izisulu. Abantu abahlangabezana nenyosi bangabulawa ukusabela, kepha kunezimo zokufa ngenxa yobuthi be-mandorotoxin, ezingaba yingozi uma zijula ​​ngokwanele emzimbeni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi bangu-70 abantu ababulawa yilokhu kulunywa minyaka yonke. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukugwinya akuyona ithuluzi labo eliyinhloko lokuzingela - izimbumbulu zezitha zazo zichotshozwe imihlathi emikhulu.

Tsetse ukundiza

Ama-tsetse andiza ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo neziseningizimu ne-Afrika, njengoba esekhethe ugwadule lweKalahari neSahara. Izimpukane zingabathwali be-trypanosomiasis, okuholela ezifweni zezilwane nakubantu abanezifo zokulala. Ama-Tsetse afana kakhulu nezihlobo zawo ezijwayelekile - angahlukaniswa yi-proboscis engaphambili lekhanda nendlela ekhethekile yokugoqa amaphiko. Yi-proboscis ekuvumela ukuthi uthole ukudla okuyinhloko - igazi lezilwane zasendle ezise-Afrika. Kulelizwekazi, kunezinhlobo ezingama-21 zezimpukane ezinjengalezi ubude bazo bungasuka ku-9 ziye ku-14 mm. Ungabheki izimpukane njengezingenabungozi kubantu, ngoba zibabulala ngempela abantu ngokwenza lokhu kaningi. Kukholakala ukuthi e-Afrika abantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-500 manje banegciwane lokugula elidluliswa yilesi sinambuzane. Lesi sifo siphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-endocrine nezenhliziyo. Ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lwezinzwa luyathinteka, lubangele ukudideka komqondo nokuphazamiseka kokulala. Ukuhlaselwa kokukhathala kunikeza ithuba lokuqina komzimba. Ubhubhane olukhulu lokugcina lwaqoshwa e-Uganda ngonyaka ka-2008, kepha ngokuvamile lesi sifo sisohlwini lokunganakwa ku-WHO. Kodwa-ke, e-Uganda kuphela abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-200 abaye babulawa ukugula ukugula kule minyaka eyisithupha edlule. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sifo ikakhulukazi esisoleso simo somnotho esiya sanda e-Afrika. Kuyamangaza ukuthi izimpukane zihlasela noma iyiphi into efudumele, ngisho nemoto, kepha azihlaseli i-zebra, zibheka njengokumelana nje kwemivimbo. Izimpukane ze-Tsetse ziphinde zasindisa i-Afrika ekuguguleni kwenhlabathi nasekondeni ngokweqile okubangelwa yizinkomo. Umuntu weza nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubhekana nalezi zinambuzane. Ngeminyaka yama-30s, zonke izingulube zasendle zacekeleka phansi ogwini olusentshonalanga, kepha lokhu kwaba nemiphumela kuphela yeminyaka engama-20. Manje balwa ngokudubula izilwane zasendle, bagawula izihlahla bese belapha izimpukane besilisa ngemisebe ukuze kungenzeki ukuzala.

Isiphazamisi se-Triatom

Ngendlela yokuluma endaweni eseduze nezindebe zalesi bug ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqabula. Izimbungulu ezingama-Triatomous zihlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Lesi sinambuzane esichitha igazi yisithwali sezinambuzane eziyingozi ezibangela isifo seChagas. Ngemuva “kokuqabula” umuntu angathola izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo: umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph, nabanye. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, lesi sifo siba esigabeni esingamahlalakhona. Esikhathini sokuqala, uboleka kahle ekwelashweni, uma kungekho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, kungaholela ekufeni kwesiguli.

Ngaphansi kwaleli gama, iqembu elincane lezinambuzane elivela kwisakhiwo esingaphansi kwesisu lihlanganisiwe. Zisakazwa emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Cishe yonke iminyovu inesifo esinesihlungu, okuthi, ngokungafani nesigaxa sezinyosi, asilimazi ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala. Umuntu olunywe yinqolobane uzozwa ubuhlungu obukhali endaweni lapho khona inxeba lingene khona. Kukhona nokubomvu nokuvuvukala. Kubantu abane-allergies, imiphumela yokuluma ingaba yimbi kakhulu, noma ibulale.

Ihhashi

Lezi zimpukane ezinkulu zihlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Njengoba incela igazi, izimpukane zamahhashi zihlasela ngentshiseko izilwane ezifuywayo nabantu. Amathe ezinambuzane aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi nama-anticoagulants, ngakho-ke indawo yokulimala komuntu ayipholi isikhathi eside, isilonda singaphuma igazi. Ukulunywa yihashi kubangela ubuhlungu obuvuthayo nokuvuvukala, kwezinye izimo kungadala ukungahambi kahle komzimba. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi izimpukane zamahhashi zingabathwali bezifo eziyingozi, kubandakanya i-tularemia, i-encephalitis enamaqhuqhuva, i-anthrax nabanye.

Umiyane waseMalariya

Ukusuka egameni kuyacaca ukuthi yisiphi lesi sifo esisakazeka lesi sifo. Umuthi wokugomela umalaleveva osebenzayo awusebenzi, babalelwa ezigidini ezingama-500 abantu ababulawa yilesi sifo minyaka yonke. Omiyane bahlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ngokudluliselwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke seziqoshwa emazweni ase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5.

Izintuthwane

Elinye lamalungu ayingozi kakhulu omndeni wezintuthwane. Emgudwini wayo kunobuthi obunobuthi, obungenakuqhathaniswa ne-wasp noma inyosi. Lezi zintuthwane zihlala emindenini emikhulu emahlathini ashisayo aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Ukulunywa imbovane yezinhlamvu kubhekwa njengokuqine esikalini seSchmidt. Umuntu angaba nezinhlungu phakathi nosuku. U-Edema naye uyakha esizeni sokulunywa, futhi ukubanga kwesikhashana kwalowo olimele kungenzeka.

I-Vespa mandarinia

Ungumndeni womndeni wasps wangempela, njengommeleli omkhulu wohlobo lwe-Hornet. Ihlala emazweni ase-Asia kanye nasempumalanga yeRussia. Ama-Hornets awahlaselwa kakhulu abantu, kuphela ukuzivikela. Ukulunywa oku kubuhlungu kakhulu kwalesi sinambuzane kubangela i-edema, ubomvu, kungavusa ukusabela komzimba, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuholele ekufeni. Ukulunywa kanyekanye kwabantu abaningana ngasikhathi sinye kungabulala nomuntu ophile kahle ongahlashelwa yigwalagwala.

I-Pogonomyrmex maricopa

Intuthwane egcotshwe ubuthi ilungele ukugwaza ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Uzovele alume isisulu sakhe aze afe. Izintuthwane zalolu hlobo zihlala eNyakatho Melika. Amandla wokugwazwa kwabo esikalini seSchmidt asondele kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho intuthwane ibamba inyamazane yayo, ngaphezu kwezinto ezinobuthi, ubuthi bayo bukhipha i-pheromone ekhathazayo ekhethekile exwayisa amanye amalungu ekoloni ngengozi futhi ibakhuthaze ukuba bahlangane ekulweni nesitha. Kumuntu, ukuhlaselwa okunjalo okuhlelekile kungabulala. Ukusuka kokulunywa ngumuntu oyedwa kuphela, umuntu uzozwa izinhlungu ezinzima, ezihlala amahora angama-4.

Apis mellifera scutellata

Izinyosi ezifuywe ngokungafani nalutho zaba ngenye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu. Ososayensi bathola le nhlobo ngokuwela ama-Afrika kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zezinyosi zase-Europe. Ngenxa yamandla obuthi, ubutha nokuhlaselwa njalo kwabantu nezilwane ezifuywayo, babizwa ngokuthi izinyosi ezibulala. Ngenxa yabo akuyona impilo eyodwa yomuntu. Bahlala e-USA, eNingizimu Melika, eBrazil, minyaka yonke befunda izindawo ezintsha. Ukugwazwa kwenyosi eyi-1 ngeke kuholele ekufeni, kepha ukuhlaselwa yiqembu lezinyosi ezingabulali ngeke kushiye thuba lokusindiswa.