Imvelo yezinambuzane ikopela. Ngeke ikwazi ukuzivikela izitha zayo zemvelo: amabhungane nama-mabhungane omhlaba. I-parasite yesitshalo ayinayo igobolondo, ubuthi noma imihlathi enamandla. Imilenze yakhe emifushane ayikwazi ukushesha igijime futhi igijime. Une-proboscis encane, emunca ujusi ezitshalweni.

Ama-aphid alimaza izimbali ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Sisabalalisa isikhunta esimboza amaqabunga nge-mucus enamathela futhi ivimbele isitshalo ukuthi sikhule ngokujwayelekile.
2. Lapho incela ujusi, lesi sinambuzane silimaza izihlahla, izihlahla notshani. Amagqabunga aluhlaza ayaconsa futhi ayeke ukukhula.

Izitshalo lapho ama-aphid avele aqala ukuthamba. Aziqhakaza, zithele izithelo, futhi azikwazi ukusinda ebusika.

Hhayi izintuthwane ezidla ama-aphid kuphela. Izinyosi, izinyoni, imikhaza, izicabucabu ziyamphanga.

Intuthwane ne-aphid
Inambuzane, ukuze ithole izinto ezidingekayo kusuka ejusi, kufanele iziphuze kakhulu kunokuba ikwazi ukugaya. Ama-aphid asusa uketshezi ngokweqile esiswini. Baxubana nobisi lwayo futhi bathola ukunambitheka okunoshukela. Ukuwa kudonsela ezinye izinambuzane eziba onogada bezingulube.

Iphila kanjani intuthwane?

Izintuthwane zihlala njengomndeni. Esithombeni kukhona isibeletho, inhloso yaso ukukhiqiza inzalo. Abesilisa nabesifazane abanezimpiko, amasosha nabantu abasebenzayo bangabuna amaqanda. Inhloso yalokhu ukunakekela isidleke nokuqoqa ukudla kulo lonke leli koloni. Ubudlelwano emndenini wezintuthwane bususelwa esigungwini esiqinile.

I-Arthropods izinyo elimnandi. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukushesha ukuvakashela umuntu ukuzodla imfucuza yokudla. Futhi emvelweni nasezindlini zasemakhaya zasehlobo, ama-aphid akhulelwa ukuthi adle emisebeni yawo emnandi.

Izakhamizi zasehlobo zivame ukuzibuza ukuthi yiziphi izintuthwane ezizala ama-aphid. Emapulazini engadi, izintuthwane ezimnyama nezphuzi zibandakanyeka kakhulu ekuzaleni nasekunceliseni ubisi lwazo. Ehlathini, ama-aphid aqothulwa izinhlobo ezibomvu zomndeni wezintuthwane.

Ukuze uthole pad, izintuthwane zincelisa iziphisi zisebenzisa i-antennae.

Indlela yokuphila yokuphila enhle

Bahlala emakoloni, futhi kuleyo naleyo koloni kunezinambuzane ezingenazintambo nabantu ngabanye abanamaphiko. Isibonakaliso sokuba namaphiko kuma-aphid asihlobene nobulili: amaphiko atholakala kwabesilisa nabesilisa. Izimpondo zitholakala ekhanda lesinambuzane esidala, ngenxa yokuthi ihlukanisa imisindo, nezinduna ziyadingeka ukuze zithinte.

Amehlo we-aphid anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinto ezahlukahlukene eza ngemibala ehlukene.: kusuka kokubomvu kuya kansundu okumnyama, cishe kube mnyama. Izinambuzane ezingenantambo zingaba namehlo amathathu alula ngaphandle kwazo.

Umlomo we-aphid iyi-phenoscis encane enezingxenye ezine. Ugwaza isikhumba sabo lesi sitshalo bese usunca ujusi kuso (ukuthola imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nokuthi kudlani ama-aphid, bheka lapha). Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezithinteka ama-aphid aqala ukubuna, amahlumela ayeke ukukhula, kanye nokuvela okusajingijolo - imidwebo - efakwa ezimpandeni. Ama-aphid angathinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ngaphandle kokukhetha, elenza kube inkathazo enkulu kakhulu futhi eyingozi.

Umjikelezo wokuphila we-aphid uqala lapho insikazi ibekela amaqanda ekwindla, okuvela kuyo izibungu entwasahlobo. Njengabantu abadala, baqala ukwanda ngendlela ye-parthenogeneis, okungukuthi, ngaphandle komanyolo. Kulesi sigaba, inzalo yama-aphid iyizinsikazi ezingenamaphiko kuphela. Ngenyanga, inani labo lingafinyelela kumakhulu ezinkulungwane.

Lapho nje ikholoni ligcwele, phakathi kwenzalo kuvela abantu abanamaphiko angandizela kwezinye izitshalo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, abesilisa abanamaphiko bavela phakathi kwenzalo yama-aphid.

Lapho eba badala, abantu bobabili ubulili bavele bahlanganyela ekuzaleni kabusha. Owesifazane manje ubeka amaqanda amancane kakhulu. Kepha amaqanda avundisiwe azokwazi ukusinda ebusika, kuyilapho onke ama-aphid abambekile kusukela ekuqaleni, hhayi imichilo evundisiwe ayihlali lapho kubanda.

Ama-aphid angaphila kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya enyangeni. Ukushisa okupholile, i-8-10 ° C yandisa isikhathi sokuphila sowesifazane esifinyelela ezinyangeni ezimbili.

Zihlala kanjani izintuthwane?

Izintuthwane ze-Hymenoptera ye-oda, zihlala ezidlekeni ezizakhayo - izintuthwane, ezihlelwe emhlabathini, ngaphansi kwamatshe noma ngokhuni. Imvamisa nazo ezinye izinambuzane zihlala lapho, ezazingena ku-syiosis ngezintuthwane.

Ngaphezu kwezintuthwane ezikhona, "izigqila" - izintuthwane ezivela kwamanye amakoloni ezenza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu - kwesinye isikhathi zihlala ezintuthwaneni.

Izintuthwane - izinambuzane zincanyana, inani lazo likhulu ngoba zanda ngokushesha okukhulu. Bahlala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica neziqhingi eziningana ezilahlekile olwandle.

I-colony yezintuthwane iyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinehlukaniso phakathi kwama-castes:

• Izintuthwane zabesifazane - obizwa nangokuthi yisibeletho noma izindlovukazi, kukhiqizwa inzalo kuphela. Iziduna zitholakala kumaqanda angenamanyolo, nabesifazane kusuka kumaqanda avundisiwe. Indlovukazi inamaphiko, kepha izimboza yona emva kokuphela kwendiza. Isibeletho sezintuthwane sikhulu kakhulu kune "abangaphansi" baso futhi siphila isikhathi eside kunabo. Impilo yendlovukazi yembovane ingafinyelela iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu.
• Izintuthwane zesilisa - mncane kunesibeletho, futhi anamaphiko. Umsebenzi wabo kuphela ukubamba iqhaza ekutsheni. Ngemuva kokuba abesilisa befeze umsebenzi wabo, babhujiswa ezinye izintuthwane. Impilo yezintuthwane zesilisa ifinyelela emavikini ambalwa.
• Izintuthwane ezisebenzayo - Lezi yizinsikazi ezinesistimu yokuzala engaphuthukisiwe. Bathola ukudla, balondoloze ukuhleleka ku-anthill futhi bakhulisa inzalo esizayo. Abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke phakathi kwezintuthwane ezisebenzayo ezinekhanda elikhulu nemihlathi ethuthuke kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi izintuthwane zamasosha, zivikela igquma lezintuthwane ezivakashini ezingamenywanga.

Izintuthwane zibhekwa njengezinambuzane eziwusizo, kepha lapho zihlala eduze kwabantu, zilimala kakhulu.

Uhambo olufushane empilweni yezintuthwane

Izintuthwane zingenye yalezo zinambuzane ezimbalwa cishe ezifuna njalo ukudla kwendlovukazi yazo nenzalo yayo. Ngokwemvelo, zibalwa izinhlobo zezinkulungwane eziyi-12,000 futhi zonke zingabomndeni wezinambuzane zomphakathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bahlala emindenini enkulu yamakholoni ahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, njengamasimu.

Ukudla kwezintuthwane kuqukethe ukudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate namaprotheni. Ungazibiza ngokuphepha ngokuthi izinyo elimnandi, futhi uma ungakunaki ukudla kwabantu, abakwantshontsha futhi bakunambithe ngobumnandi, khona-ke amazolo oju akhiqizwa yi-aphid, izibungu, amalaphu ethusi noma izinambuzane abathandayo abangakuthola endalweni.

Isikhundla somphakathi wezintuthwane silula futhi sinembile. Esihlokweni esisodwa kuhlala umndeni womndeni owodwa wezintuthwane. Lolu uhlobo lomphakathi lapho wonke umuntu ebambe iqhaza khona. Indlovukazi ingumholi walo mphakathi. Umsebenzi wayo kuphela ukunikeza inzalo. Futhi ukunakekelwa kwale "mama wezingane eziningi" nezingane zakhe kuthwalwa izintuthwane zomsebenzi. Azinacala ngocansi, umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukufuna ukudla. Ekufuneni ukudla, banganqoba zonke izithiyo ezingenzekayo (ngaphandle kwama-insecticides) futhi bahambe kude kakhulu ne-anthill noma isidleke sabo. Kusekhona izintuthwane - amasosha. Benza umsebenzi ohambelana - bavikela futhi bavikele i-anthill yabo. Konke kulula!

Imininingwane ye-Aphid

Ama-aphid, ngokungafani nezintuthwane, mancane kakhulu futhi ahlupheka kakhulu. UMama Wemvelo akazange abavuze ngokuxoshwa okuqinile noma nganoma yisiphi “isikhali” esingabavikela ekuhlaselweni yizitha. Ama-aphid anezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-4000 zezinhlobo ezahlukene. Bahlakulela izitshalo, bedla ujusi wabo. Iqabunga ngalinye leqabunga linombala omncane, ohlaba iqabunga bese limunca ujusi kulo. Izitshalo ezithintwe yilezi zinambuzane zibukeka zimangele, "ziyafa." Amaqabunga, amahlumela nezimbali kusontekile, kukhubazekile. Ukukhula kwabo kuncishisiwe, futhi izithelo "ziyafa" zingavuthiwe. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi i-aphid eyodwa, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezintuthwane, ingakhiqiza kufika ku-25 ml wamazolo amnandi oju.

Ngaphezu kwekhono lokulimaza izitshalo ngobuchwepheshe, ama-aphid angadlulisela izifo ezahlukahlukene ezitshalweni - i-viral and fungal, ngokwesibonelo, isikhunta se-sooty. Ngalesi sifo, amaqabunga ambozwe uketshezi olunamathelayo olungathandeki, ephazamisa konke ukubonakaliswa kokubalulekile komzimba ezicutshini zesitshalo esithintekile.

Ama-aphid adla kuma-carbohydrate nama-amino acid aqukethe izijusi zezitshalo ngobuningi. Kepha umkhiqizo obalulekile walezi zinhlayiya ezincane unokunambitheka okumnandi futhi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-pad (noma amazolo oju). Nguye odonsela izintuthwane kuma-aphid, hhayi zona kuphela.

Umnyombo we-Symbiosis phakathi kwama-aphid nezintuthwane

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezintuthwane ne-aphid bufana kakhulu nobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu nezilwane zasemapulazini ezikhiqizayo. Izintuthwane “zinakekela” ama-aphid, bese zona zithola amazolo amnandi ezinyosi, wona zimane azikhonze.

Uma sibheka ohlangothini lweziqu zama-aphid endaweni eyodwa ezungezwe izintuthwane, kuhlala kukhumbula ukuhlangana nokufuya umhlambi wezinkomo. Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, ama-aphid, njengezilwane zomhlambi, ahlala edla ndawonye “nezihlobo” zawo, futhi lapho kunokudla okuningana okwenele, inani elihle kakhulu laba "abakhiqizi bamaswidi" bangadla "idili". Izintuthwane zihlala zifika kule “mhlambi” onjalo ukujabulela i-paddy. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi izintuthwane zidla ama-aphid.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi intuthwane ingagcini ukuluma ingagcwali nje kuphela, kepha ama-aphid uqobo. Ukuvezwa kwesifo esinjalo kuvezwa:

• "Ekuqasheni" kwangempela kwama-aphid izintuthwane. Lokhu kungocingo olwakhiwe ngezinsimbi zomzimba kusuka ezinhlayiyeni ezincane zezitshalo eziboshwe ngesihlabathi, esikhumbuza kakhulu izibaya zezinkomo (corral). Noma isizathu sangempela sokukhathazeka okunjalo phakathi kwezintuthwane kulele emqondweni banal wobuphristi maqondana ne-aphid, njenganoma yikuphi okunye ukudla.
• "Ukudlela" aphid izintuthwane. Eqinisweni, izenzo zezintuthwane, zikhumbuza "amadlelo" - lokhu ukuxhumana okujwayelekile. Izintuthwane "zikhuluma" nohlobo lwazo ngokusebenzisa izimpondo nokushintshanisa uketshezi.
• Ukudluliselwa kwama-aphid endaweni ethile, lapho kamuva “amadlelo” ezokwenzeka - lesi isilinganiso sokuphepha. Ngokufanayo, izintuthwane ziza namaqanda azo avundisiwe nezibungu ezihlotshisiwe.
• Izinhlobo ezithile zezintuthwane zifunde ukuvuna amazolo oju ngokuzayo. Kodwa-ke, hhayi yena kuphela. Indlela yokubekisa i-paddy ingeyangempela - ngaphakathi uqobo. Ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yemizamo, izintuthwane ezinjalo - amadamu athuthukisa goiters, njengemisipha yomsubathi - umgadli womzimba. Yonke intuthwane ine-goiter, njengengxenye yomzimba, kepha yathuthukiswa kuphela yilabo abagcina ukunikezwa koketshezi. Isisu sentuthwane enjalo sivuvukala kakhulu kangangokuba noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kuba cishe kungenzeki. Ngenxa yalokhu, impilo "ethangini" enjalo ephilayo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwethango futhi ihloselwe ukuzuzisa wonke amanye amalungu ekholoni. Nakhu ukuzidela okunjalo.
• Njengoba izintuthwane zikuthanda kakhulu ukudla amazolo oju, zifunde ukuthi zingabizwa kanjani “ubisi” u-aphid nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esikahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, okuncane nje kuyadingeka - "tickle" aphid!
• Ama-aphid avela ku-Symbiosis athola ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa nokuqashwa, okuthi lapho imvelo iphule umthetho. Izintuthwane zivikela ngokuthembekile izigceme zazo ekungeneni kwezinhlobo zezintokazi eziningi, izindwangu, imikhaza, izinyoni nokunye okufakiwe okufuna ukudla ama-aphid. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele 'ulwe' ngisho nezintuthwane ezihlaselayo.

Lapho kuhlasela izintuthwane "zomhlambi" ophathisiwe kusiza ngisho ama-aphid ukuthi athole i-proboscis yazo ezitshalweni, azishayise ziye endaweni ephephile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi azidlulisela emihlathini yazo. Ama-aphid anokubonga, ukuze angaphazamisi umsindisi ngesikhathi esibaluleke kangako, ashukumise, acindezela ama-paws awo futhi angahambi.

• Nakhu ukusebenza kwezintuthwane ehlobo konke, kudlulisa kusuka kwesinye isitshalo kuya kwesinye, kusuka emaqabunga kuya emaqabunga “omhlengikazi” wazo. Ekwindla, babeka ama-aphid kuma-anthill abo ukuze ubusika bumduduze futhi bungabandi. Ngisho namaqanda wezintuthwane anambuzane anakekelwa ngokuphelele futhi ngenhlonipho.
• Kepha izintuthwane zilawula nenani lama-aphid. Uma imfuyo inkulu kakhulu, izintuthwane zibhubhisa ezinye zazo.
• Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho zifudukela endaweni entsha yokuhlala, izintuthwane zihamba nazo aphid zazo.

Nayi ividiyo enhle lapho ungabona khona ukuthi imbovane “icela” kanjani iphakethe elimnandi le-aphid (uma ulimi lungacacile, umsindo ungavalwa):

Ngokusekelwe kukho konke okwakulotshwe ngaphambili, kuba sobala ukuthi ukuvikela ama-aphid, asikho isidingo sokujaha izintuthwane. Futhi khumbula ukuthi ama-aphid angumthombo wamazolo amnandi oju, angahehi izintuthwane kuphela. Uma ingekho emasimini akho engadi, khona-ke ingozi yokuvela kwabanye abazingeli bezinambuzane ngamaswidi izokwehla kakhulu. Namuhla, lokhu yilokhu konke abalimi abafuna ukukwazi mayelana ne-aphid nentuthwane.

Bunjani ubungani bezinambuzane

Izintuthwane nezinyosi yizinambuzane ezihleleke kakhulu. Inhlangano yezintuthwane ezimnyama nayo ibonakala ekukhathazekeni okuhloniphayo kwama-aphid abawazalisayo. Lezi zisebenzi ezingakhathali ezivele zivele ekuqaleni kwezinsuku zasentwasahlobo ziqala ukuletha izibungu endaweni yama-aphid yazo lapho zizodlela khona ikusasa. Izintuthwane zinamathisela izibungu namaqanda adidayo ezihlumeni zezihlahla ezivuvukala nezihlumela ezincane zezitshalo zemifino.

Yilapho izinambuzane zamahlumela amancane zivela khona. Manje khumbula ukuthi zingaki izintuthwane ezihlwabusayo okufanele ngabe uzibonile kweziqu zemithi. Ngayinye yazo ikwazi ukuletha ngaphezu kwabahlengikazi abaningi besikhathi esizayo ngosuku. Izintuthwane zizithatha kuphi?

Umuntu angamangala kuphela ngobuhlakani bezintuthwane. Ekwindla, baqoqa amaqanda nezibungu ze-aphid bese bezithwala bayise e-anthill yabo enkulu. Lapho bahlala ebusika ngokuphepha. Ngokumangazayo, phakathi nezinsuku ze-thaw, izintuthwane zithwala izivakashi zazo zikhiphe i-anthill ukuze zikwazi ukuphefumula umoya omusha. Entwasahlobo, konke kuqala. I-Symbiosis yezintuthwane nama-aphid ihlala amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Usizo mutt of izintuthwane kanye aphid

Kungani izintuthwane zidinga ama-aphid? Ukumncelisa ubisi. Intuthwane - umalusi we-aphid. Ngamunye wabo ohlelweni lwakho lwengadi yakho akakhathaleli kuphela "ngesilwane" sabo, kepha futhi uyasivikela ezitheni. Ama-Ladybugs, ama-lacewings, ama-gourds adla ama-aphid ngokuzithandela. Izintuthwane zixosha lezi zinambuzane. Ngesibindi nangesibindi, bathola ezikhungweni umvuzo ophakeme ngendlela yokudla okumnandi.

Abavikeli bakwazile nokuvikela umhlengikazi wabo ezinyangeni. Vele, empini evulekile nezinyoni azikwazi ukubekezelela. Kepha izintuthwane zithole indlela yokukhohlisa izinyoni. Bayakwazi ukwakha okuthile okufana nophahla phezu kwamakholoni aphid. Kulokhu, izinyoni zimane nje aziboni ama-aphid.

Uma kunezimbungulu eziningi kakhulu noma ezinye izinambuzane ezidla izimuncagazi esihlahleni noma isiko lemifino lapho kuhlala khona i-aphid, khona-ke izintuthwane zisiza ama-aphid ukukhipha i-proboscis yazo emaqabungeni, bese zidlulisela “izinkomo” zazo endaweni ephephile . By the way, kanjani izintuthwane ubisi aphid? Thikaza isisu sakhe, futhi uqokomisa ukwelashwa kwabo abakuthandayo. Bavalelisana kahle.

Izintuthwane zisebenza kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, kanti amawadi awo, ngokulandelana, enza imisebenzi yawo elimazayo.

Ubungane nokusizelana kwezizinambuzane kukhulu kangangokuba lapho izintuthwane kufanele zizinze endaweni entsha, zithwele amaqanda nezibungu ze-aphid nazo.

Yiziphi izitshalo ezithintwa ama-aphid?

I-Aphid ilimaza noma yiziphi izihlahla, ama-berry bush kanye nezitshalo zemifino. Enye into ukuthi kwezinye izitshalo kuxazululeka kalula, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunalokho, akuveli kaningi. Isizathu salokhu akuyona ikhwalithi yejusi, kodwa ubunzima bokuthola yona. Isinxephezelo futhi sothambisa umhlanga wamaqabunga, kuba lula kakhulu ukuthi ama-aphid ayihlabe nge-phenoscis.

Ukulimala kwesihlakala kuthinta zonke izitshalo, kepha hhayi ngezinga elifanayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-aphid angangena kuphela e-aphid entwasahlobo. Kusekuqaleni kwehlobo, amahlumela alesi sitshalo aba yisihlahla, kanti le-aphid "inzima kakhulu". Ama-currants angolunye udaba.Lesi sinambuzane asigcini isiqu saso saso kanye namaqabunga kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.

Uma kungenjalo ukulwa nezintuthwane ne-aphid, khona-ke inyunyana yazo izobhubhisa noma yisiphi isitshalo sengadi noma ingadi.

Ungasusa kanjani aphid nezintuthwane?

Indlela elula yokulwa ne-aphid ukuhambisa izinambuzane ngamanzi usebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza.

Engadini, chitha ukhula njalo.

Tshala ugarlic noma u-anyanisi eduze kwezihlahla noma izihlahla - izitshalo ezixosha ama-aphid kahle.

Ngaphezulu kwencithakalo yesakhiwo, tshala izitshalo eziheha izinambuzane ezizuzisayo. Lezi yi-dill, mint, nettle nezinye izilimo ezinamakha. Iphunga labo linomphumela onenzuzo kuma-ladybirds nezinye izinambuzane ezidla ama-aphid.

Kepha izinyoni, ukuthandwa kwazo kunobubi. Ngaphezu kwama-aphid, azothambisa ubhekilanga noma amajikijolo afanayo. Ungaheha izinyoni ngama-breadcrumbs esosweni, imbewu noma amabele. Lapho lokhu kuphela kuphela, izinyoni zizothatha aphid.

Ama-aphid asebenza ngokuqinile kuma-lindens, mallow, nasturtium, cosmea nase viburnum. Ungabakhulisi eduze kwengadi noma ingadi yemifino.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali

Azikho amakhambi asebenza kangcono ama-aphid nezintuthwane ukwelapha izitshalo ngamakhemikhali. Ezinye zazo zinamandla kangangokuba ukwelashwa okukodwa kwanele ukuvimba izinambuzane ukuba zingabonakali engadini kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emibi yokusebenzisa kwabo, ngeshwa, inonya. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane ibhubhisa izinambuzane eziwusizo futhi ziqongelela enhlabathini. Ngeke zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokutshala kwezimbali, isethi yezithelo nokuvunwa.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ososayensi bakha i-analogue yezindlela zamakhemikhali zokuzivikela, lokhu kungamalungiselelo wokusebenza okusebenzayo kwe-Akarin, Aktofit, Fitoverm neBiotlin. Zinomphumela obhekiswe kuma-parasites futhi azilimazi izitshalo uqobo, ngoba azinazo izinto ezinobuthi zamakhemikhali.

Izindlela zabantu

1. Umholi wemithi yesintu yokulwa nama-aphid yisisombululo esinamanzi sensipho yokuwasha.
2. Abalimi baphinda bancenge uphalafini emanzini wokufafaza.
3. Futhi, izitshalo zifafazwa nge-infusions yokhuni lomlotha, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi, i-chamomile.
4. Ngempumelelo ngokwanele, i-aphid ithinta i-decoction yamazambane noma eziqongweni zikatamatisi.
5. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo ngentuthu kuholela ekufeni kwama-aphid - ngokushesha. Amagatsha, noma yiliphi igatsha, utshani buzowenza. Intuthu kagwayi ibulala ngaso leso sikhathi ama-aphid.

Ungabhekana kanjani nezintuthwane ezimnyama?

Yize izintuthwane zingadali umonakalo oqondile engadini, uhlobo lobudlelwano babo ne-aphid kubandakanya nomzabalazo nabo.

Izintuthwane ezimnyama zihlela izindlu zazo emhlabathini. Ungazichitha izinsiza ezingaphansi komhlaba, kepha laba basebenzi abangakhathali bayakha kabusha amakhaya abo. Ungasimba ngokuphelele i-anthill bese uyithatha ebhakedeni elikhulu kude nengadi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwesikhashana izintuthwane zizobuyela kusayithi lakho futhi.

Ayikho indlela engcono yokulwa nezintuthwane ukwedlula ukwelapha ama-anthillin ngama-insecticides. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezidakamizwa ezifana ne- "Anteater", "Muratsid" ne "ant" izintuthwane ezimnyama ngokushesha ziyafa. Ukwakheka kwalawa ma-ejenti asebenzayo kuqukethe i-diazinon enobuthi. Kuyo inqubo yezinzwa yezinambuzane ikhubazekile, bafa ngokushesha. Akunandaba ukuthi izintuthwane azithobe kangakanani, abalimi bazama ukuvikela izihlahla.

Symbiosis yezinambuzane

Symbiosis yezinambuzane
Lapho i-aphid idla khona ngokwayo, izintuthwane ziyogcwala lapho zizungeza. Kusukela ngaphandle kungabonakala sengathi abasebenzi basebenza njengabelusi, kanti izinambuzane 'ziyizinkomo' zabo. Bese kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo, kungani izintuthwane zidinga ama-aphid.

Ama-Arthropods asebenzisa inkathazo yezitshalo njengomthombo wokudla. Baphuza iphali elimnandi baligcina ezidlekeni zabo.

I-Symbiosis yama-aphid nezintuthwane imi ngalendlela elandelayo:

1. Izintuthwane zivikela “umhlambi” wazo ezitheni. Bahlasela izinambuzane ezidla ama-aphid.
2. "Abelusi" balawula inani "lezinkomo", badla abantu abazalanayo.
3. Ebusika, abasebenzi badlulisela izinambuzane kuyi-anthill ukuze bangafi ngamakhaza.

Izintuthwane aziphuzi nje i-paddy. Bayigcina isikhathi sokulamba nesomileyo. Ijusi ligcinwa kubazalwane abathuthukiswayo. Lawa malungu omndeni awakwazi ukushiya i-anthill futhi asebenze njengesixhumi sokugcina i-elixir.

Ama-Arthropods aqapha ngentshiseko umthombo wawo wokudla. Uma kufanele zihambe, ziphethe ama-aphid nazo ukuzalanisa endaweni entsha.

Uhlobo lobudlelwano phakathi kwezintuthwane ne-aphid ukubambisana. Ezokuqala zivikela futhi zisize zanda, kanti zona zokugcina zihlinzeka ngokudla.

Ubisi lwezintuthwane

Iqiniso ukuthi ama-aphid, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, anamathela emifino emisha yezitshalo, akhetha iziqu ezibucayi, ezinamakha, azimbela nge-proboscis ekhethekile, bese eqala ukumunca izakhamzimba.

Ngasikhathi sinye, sikhipha isiraphu elimnandi eliheha izintuthwane. UGoosebumps ukitaza isisu sakhe ukuthola ubisi olunoshukelaaqukethe ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, kanye nezinye izakhamzimba.

Ubumbano lwaphakade

I-aphid yisinambuzane esingasebenzi, kodwa ukuhlangana nentuthwane kuyinikeza usizo olukhulu. Izisebenzi ezincane ziyamzungeza ngokunakekela okumangazayo: zakhela izindawo zokufihla ikhanda ukuvikela “izinkomo” zazo kwizinyoni noma izinambuzane, aqaphe amadlelo, adlulise abahlengikazi bawo ezindaweni ezinhle, futhi futhi azise endaweni yokukhosela, uma kwenzeka kuba nobungozi, izintuthwane zihamba nobusika " imihlambi ”eya e-anthill, lapho enakekela khona inzalo yakhe, asize ukuba aphile kuze kube sentwasahlobo, futhi lapho kuqala ukushisa asusa" izinkomo "endaweni yokukhosela, azithumele kwizitshalo ezinempilo kakhulu, zikhetha izindawo ezinhle kakhulu" zamadlelo ".

Wena kimi ngikuwe

Umvuzo wokuthola izintuthwane ezidla imidlwane isiraphu elimnandi nelinempiloukuze wonke amalungu ale nhlangano azuze. Ngendlela, kunezinhlobo zama-aphid ahlala ngaphansi komhlaba, nazo zinika ubisi lwezintuthwane futhi zisebenzise izinsizakalo zabazalwane asebekhulile ukumba ukunyakaza noma ukuvikela.

Okulimazayo noma okuhle

Ama-aphid izilokazane, lezi yizitha zabalimi. Noma ngobuningi obuncane abudaleki ukulimala okukhulu kokutshala, kepha njengoba isibalo sikhula zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni zezithelo nezithelo zomila.

Kodwa-ke, ukucabanga ukuthi izintuthwane zidlala indima enkulu ekusatshalalisweni kwazo kuzoba yiphutha. Eqinisweni, ama-goosebumps "ahlala ekhaya" ingxenye encane kakhulu yenani eliphelele lalezinambuzane, zona uqobo ezihlangabezana kahle nokuzala, kanye nokusatshalaliswa.

Noma, ngokungangabazeki, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwama-cowboy ase-arthropod, ama-aphid azizwa eqiniseka ngokwengeziwe, akhula futhi azalwe kangcono, ezuzisa “abelusi” bazo Ukubuka ama-goosebumps kubakitaza ukuthola amaconsi obisi omnandi kuwumsebenzi othakazelisa ngempela. Lindela ukushisa, qiniseka ukuzama ukuthola amadlelo anjalo eduze nethala lasendle! Futhi epulazini lezintuthwane, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isiraphu kashukela esikhundleni sa ubisi lwezintuthwane.

Ungalwa kanjani?

Izintuthwane zasengadini zihlala emakotini ehlobo nasezindlini zasendlini, ezonakalisa isivuno futhi zizale izindimbane ezingenakubalwa zama-aphid.

Kunamakhemikhali amaningi alwa nezintuthwane., isenzo esiyinhloko saso okuhloswe ngaso ikakhulukazi ukukhubazisa isistimu yezinzwa yalezi zinambuzane. Isisekelo iningi labo yi-diazinon noma i-chlorpyrifos.

Izintuthwane ezilwayo zingenziwa ngezindlela “ezizungezile zemvelo”: ukusabalalisa amaqabunga e-anise noma sawdust exutshwe negalikhi elithosiwe kuzungezwe i-anthill. Noma uthele ngefenisha, kepha ungafaki umlilo ngasikhathi sinye.

Umhlonyane ne-parsley ekhula esakhiweni kuzovikela nezintuthwane.hhayi ukuhogela la makhambi.

Amafutha emifino, umlotha kagwayi, amaqabunga ochotshoziwe watamatisi, kanye ne-turpentine namalahle futhi kuyizindlela ezinhle zokulwa nazo.

Kepha ngenxa yokuthi izintuthwane ne-aphid zilimaza kakhulu engadini nasezivandeni, kubalulekile ukuyilwa nazo kuqala. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu. Izindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokulwa - ezesimanjemanje noma zemanuwali.. Ungasebenzisa futhi amakhemikhali abulala ama-aphid.

Ungatshala nezitshalo engadini noma engadini edonsela izitha zemvelo amaqabunga amaqabunga, njengezimbungulu, izimpukane zabesifazane, izindwangu zezinyoni nezinyoni ezahlukahlukene.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nabanye abasizi bokulawula i-aphid kule ndima.

Ungazivikela kanjani izihlahla?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuvikela izihlahla:

1. Faka amabhande okuzingela kusuka ezingxenyeni eziningana zekhadibhodi ehlanganisiwe noma kwifilimu yepulasitiki emagatsheni esihlahla, uzibopha ngezindawo ezimbili ngentambo ethambile bese usebenzisa umucu wamafutha aqinile eceleni kwephakathi nendawo.
2. Bamba umgodi ongashona uzungeze uzungu lwesihlahla bese ubeka kuwo uthayi wemoto osikwe phakathi, ugcwele amanzi.
3. Isihlahla se-grate sivele ngemicibisholo yegalikhi, iphunga lawo izintuthwane lingemi.
4. Bopha umhlume noma utamatisi ufinyelele kuma-stambas.
5. Xhumana ne-SES esiseduzane ukuze ongoti bezokulawula izinambuzane basebenze ngokwabo izihlahla, kanye namahlathi atholakalayo kanye nama-anthill.

Lolu hlobo lobuhlobo njengophawu phakathi kwezintuthwane nezididane selukhona izigidi zeminyaka - lezi zinambuzane zincike komunye nomunye kangangokuba zodwa azikwazanga ukusinda. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ama-aphid avele esizeni, kuyadingeka ukuthi silwe kanyekanye nabo bobabili. Uma ungalwi ngaphandle kwama-aphid anezintuthwane, khona-ke amaqabunga ezitshalo azophinde afakwe nalawa zinambuzane eziyingozi.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Umsoco

Izintuthwane zithanda ukunambitheka kwe-honeydew, evezwa ama-aphid. Ngakho-ke, bebelokhu bekhona, bekhona futhi bezophila lapho kuhlala khona “umhlengikazi” wabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintuthwane zihlala njalo ziqikelela ukuthi i-aphid ihlala “inokudla okunempilo” futhi, uma kunesidingo, idlulisela abangane bayo abancane kusuka eqabungeni elidliwayo iye kwelinye elisha. Okusho ukuthi, izintuthwane zizalela ama-aphid ezitshalweni nasezihlahleni, “ziklaba” futhi zivikele kwizinyamazane. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu uphilile futhi unethezekile: ama-aphid ahlala enenala yokudla ngendlela yesithako sesitshalo, futhi izintuthwane zinikezwa ngendlela ezithandayo, lapho ama-aphid ebaphatha ngobuningi.

Kodwa-ke, izintuthwane azigcini nje ngokugunda nje kuphela, kepha futhi ziyizinxibi ezinhle: zivame ukungena ngesineke emhlambini wezinhlama bese ziziklaza nge-antennae, lapho zibonga lapho ama-aphid ezovele “azethule” ngokuzimela okudala zilindile (ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “izintuthwane ezisenga ubisi”) )

Ezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane ziyazi nokuthi zenza kanjani amasheya amazolo oju ngokuzayo. Agcina "okuhlinzekwayo" ngqo emzimbeni wawo, ku-goiter ekhethekile. Zonke izinhlobo zezintuthwane zine-goiter, kepha zakhiwa kuphela yilabo abaye bajwayela ukuyisebenzisa njengendawo yokugcina ukudla.

Kunezikhathi lapho ama-aphid agqitshwa ngokweqile, bese izintuthwane zizidla, ngaleyo ndlela zilawula "imfuyo" yabaphathi bezinkwa.

Ukuvikelwa

Izintuthwane ezisebenza kanzima azisebenzisi kuphela “izinsizakalo” zabangane bazo abancane abangakwazi ukuzivikela, kepha futhi zibenzela okuningana: mhlawumbe asikho isivikelo esingcono sama-aphid ezinhlafunweni (izinyoni, ama-ladybugs, njll.) Kunezintuthwane ezivikela ngokuzidela .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezungeze lesi sitshalo lapho kuhlala khona ama-aphid futhi adla khona, izivikeli zawo zakha izihlukanisi ezingafani ezivela emahlathini, otshanini kanye nakotshani. Lolu kocingo luphinde luvikele “amadlelo” ezinceku eziphuma kwamanye izintuthwane ezivela emndenini ongowakwezinye izinambuzane.

Ukunakekelwa

Uma ngasizathu simbe umndeni wezintuthwane ufudukela kwenye indawo yokuhlala, zithatha “ama-aphid” wazo, zingashiyi “abondli” bokudla yizitha noma ezisetshenziswe ngomunye umndeni.

Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izintuthwane zisusa ama-aphid ezitshalweni bese ziziyisa e-anthill yazo ebusika. Ebusika, abanakeki kuphela ama-aphid ngokwabo, kodwa futhi namaqanda abo. Ngokuqala kokushisa kufika isikhathi "sokususwa" kwama-aphid emoyeni naselangeni. Izintuthwane zithwala ngokucophelela futhi zitshale “abondli” emaqabungeni aluhlaza bese ziqhubeka nokuzinakekela, zithola umvuzo walokhu - amazolo wazo awathandayo.

Yini egcwala ubumbano obunjalo kumuntu

Uma ama-aphid ayizinambuzane zangempela zemvelo, futhi izintuthwane zingabalingani bazo njalo, futhi ezinye azinakuba khona ngaphandle kwezinye, kunesiphetho esisodwa: ukuze singalahli isivuno, wonke umuntu kuzodingeka asuse. Kepha kukholelwa ukuthi kungakuhle ngokwengeziwe ukuqala umlo onjalo ngama-aphid: uma kungenjalo, izintuthwane zizohamba ziyofuna “abondli” abasha. Kodwa ukuze kudlalwe kuphephile, ochwepheshe bavame ukucebisa ukuqala kokubhujiswa kwama-aphid nezintuthwane ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze laba bantu bangaphethi ukuletha endaweni ethile "abadali" abasha bokuphatha kwabo kwezintuthwane.