Lapho nje umhlangano wokubambisana uqalile ezweni, ubaba nomfowethu banquma ukwenza izinyosi. Kwakufanele ngibonele impilo yezinyosi, ngiphuze uju, ngihambise izwe lonke ngithungatha amasimu avundile uju, ngiphile eduze nezinyosi, ngilale eceleni kwabo, lapho bebuz ubusuku bonke, basebenze, bangakhathali.
Uma iSoviet Union iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa izamile ukwakha ubukhomanisi, khona-ke izinyosi sezakha kudala ubukhomanisi bazo futhi zahlala ngenjabulo nangaphambilini. Umgomo oyinhloko wobukhomanisi “kusuka kulowo nalowo ngokwamandla akhe, kuye ngamunye ngokwezidingo zakhe” usebenza esidlekeni, futhi usebenza ngaphandle kokubuzwa.
Isidleke yidolobha lesigidi lapho zonke izindima zisatshalaliswa khona ngokucacile, futhi kukhona isikhundla esiqinile. Izinyosi ezincane izidalwa zaphezulu ezihleleke kakhulu. Inyosi ngayinye yenza ibhizinisi layo, inikezwe yona kuphela.
Ezinye izinyosi zihlanza, zihlanza yonke into ukuze zikhanye, okwesibili - ukuphepha, ukuvikela isidleke ubusuku nemini ekuhlaselweni nasekuphangeleni ezinye izinto zezinyosi, kanye nezimpisi ezingapholi ezidla amakhulukhulu ezinyosi. Izinyosi zesibili yizo ezinesihluku kunazo zonke, zihlasela abahlaseli bese bezishaya ngokushesha, ezinye izinyosi azinalo ulaka, zimatasa nezindaba zazo zansuku zonke futhi zigxoba isitha ezimweni eziphuthumayo kakhulu. Uma inyosi iluma umuntu noma isilwane, iyafa. Ukugwazwa kwenyosi, ngokungafani nokugwaza kwelensi, kufakwe igobe ekugcineni. Futhi lapho inyosi iyinamathisela esikhunjeni somuntu esiminyene futhi izama ukuyisibuyisela emuva, ukudonsa ngomshini kudonsa ingaphakathi langaphakathi ngaphandle, inyosi iyafa.
Izinyosi zesithathu zisebenza njengabalandeli: zikhipha umswakama oju, zikhipha amaphiko ngokungakhathali ubusuku nemini. Okwesine onobhala abasiza ukubuyisa izinyosi ukuze zizothula kusuka empompeni elethwe. Okwesihlanu - amakhosazana ahloniphayo, angena esigodlweni sobukhosi futhi abelwe ukunakekela indlovukazi. Eyesithupha - ama-nannies, ondle abancane. Okwesikhombisa - ama-scouts, bandiza bayobheka izindawo ezinezithelo zamakhilomitha amaningi, babuye, baphenduke ama-ballerinas futhi baqale ukudansa umdanso okhethekile, okukhombisa ukuthi ikuphi amasimu we-melliferous. Okwesishiyagalombili - okhiye bezilokhi, balungisa isidleke, bavale izimbobo nge-propolis, bavimbe okusalungiswa, balimaze nomonakalo odalwe ngumuntu noma inhlekelele yemvelo. Okwesishiyagalombili - abakhi, bahlanganyela ekwakhiweni nasekunwetshisweni kwezinyosi ezikwi-wax. Ishumi - abakhiqizi, abavukuzi, iningi labo, benza umsebenzi ophambili wokuqoqa umpe nokuvuna uju ebusika.
Isibeletho siyindlovukazi yomuzi oyisigidi, oyinhloko esidlekeni sezinyosi, ukukhiqizwa komndeni nenhlala-kahle yesidleke kuncike kuso. Amantombazane ahlonishwayo asebenza kanzima ukumnakekela, ahlanze amaphiko akhe, awondle uju nempova futhi asuse nezinyawo. Uma ngasizathu simbe isibeletho siphuma esidlekeni, khona-ke zonke izinyosi ziyilandele, isidleke sihlale singenalutho.
Isibeletho sisebenza njalo, sifaka amaqanda kumaseli we-hexagonal prismatic cell. Uma ebeka iqanda nje, bese ethola inyosi ejwayelekile esebenza, izilwane ezincane ezinjalo zondliwa uju nesinkwa sezinyosi (impova yezimbali, okuyindlela yesinkwa sethu sezinyosi).
Uma isibeletho, ngaphambi kokufaka i-testicle esitokisini, senza umgodi omkhulu ngesipingi sayo, bese kukhula i-drone (inyosi yeduna) kusuka kuleli testicle. Umsebenzi we-drones ukufaka umanyolo esibelethweni, awaluqoqi uju, kepha uwudla kuphela.
Bekumele ngifakaze mathupha ukuthi izinyosi zihlanze kanjani isidleke sazo ku-drones, ngoba ama-drones awenze umsebenzi wawo futhi awasadingeki ngumndeni wezinyosi. Izinyosi zazithatha njengezindlamlenze futhi zazilahla ngaphandle ukuze zizokufa emgwaqweni. Ama-drones azamile ukukhuphukela esidlekeni, kepha izinyosi zawaxosha, aziphonsa ngaphandle awazange aziyeke ziye ekhaya. Ngakho-ke bona, abancane abampofu, babulawa yindlala eduze kwesidleke.
Uma isibeletho singasuthisi izinyosi ngokukhiqiza kwawo, zithatha izinyathelo zokukutshala okunye. Ukukhulisa izindlovukazi ezincane, izinyosi zondla izilwane ezincane ezifanayo hhayi uju kanye nezimpaphe, kodwa ngejelly yasebukhosini, efana nesibeletho, kanye nondlovukazi benziwa kusukela ebusheni obujwayelekile. Shono bathi: "Yisho ukuthi udlani, futhi ngizokusho ukuthi ungubani!"
Izinyosi ezisebenzayo zisebenza ubusuku nemini ukugqokwa, isikhathi sokuphila kwazo kuya ngokuthi zindiza kangakanani ukuqoqa uju. Lapho ezindiza ziqhubeka, ngokushesha ziyaguga futhi ziyafa.
Izinyosi ziqoqa umpe ne-proboscis yazo, imunca ngokwazo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lama-enzymes kugesi yenyosi, umpe uyagaywa futhi uguqulwe uju lwezinyosi. Lapho zifika esidlekeni, izinyosi zigobhoza okuphakathi kwemithambo yazo kumaseli ama-hexagonal, futhi izinyosi ezithandekayo zisheshe zizulise amaphiko azo, zikhiphe umswakama oju. Bazunguzisa amaphiko abo kuze kube yilapho uju luqina, bese beyimboza nge-wax kusuka phezulu, njengoba nje amakhosikazi asendlini esebenza kanzima emboza izikhala zobusika.
Ezinyaweni ezingemuva zezinyosi ziyizitsha ezikhethekile lapho zifaka khona impova. Esikhathini esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngibone inyosi esindayo enemilenze yesandla esinemibala ehlukahlukene isondela esidlekeni njengendiza elayishiwe. Futhi onobhala bezinyosi bavele baphume namawashi abo, besiza abathobisi bezinyosi abancane ukuba bazikhulule ekudleni okulethwa esidlekeni.
Izinyosi eziya ekufeni zimela uju, zitholwe ngokuzikhandla kwezigidi zezinyosi. Lapho beqoqa uju, bayakhonkotha, buzz, abafuni ukunikela ngegolide labo abalithola kanzima, isinkwa sokuphila nokuqhubeka kwenzalo.
Ngesikhathi sokuphonsa, bekuwumsebenzi wami ukukhulula amaseli ngefoloko ekhethekile yezinalithi eziningi, bese ngilayisha ozimele ku-centrifuge bese upheqela. Bengithanda ukupenda isigubhu ngoba sasinokuphola okusha, futhi egcekeni, njengomthetho, kwakukhona ukushisa okubi kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamabutho amakhulu, uju luzinze ezindongeni ze-centrifuge futhi lugelezela ezansi, kwasala kuphela ukuvula isikebhe - futhi uju oluthululelwe emfuleni we-amber lube ngamathini amakhulu obisi.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukudlulisela ukunambitheka k uju olusha, olusakazwa kwesinkwa esimhlophe esibhakiwe ngobisi, kufanele uyizame!
Lalela izwi lezinyosi
Lapho ama-drones egcwalisa ukusebenza kwawo, aba yize kulusizo lwezinyosi, futhi axosha ama-drones. Bavele baphonse ama-drones emgwaqweni, kuthi lapho bezama ukubuyela emuva, baxoshwa ngonya. Ngakho-ke kufanele bafe bampofu emgwaqweni ngenxa yendlala, eduze kwekhaya labo langaphambili.
Inyosi yendlovukazi ingumuntu obaluleke kakhulu esidlekeni.
Uma isibeletho sinokukhiqizwa okuphansi, khona-ke izinyosi ziqala ukubheka enye yezilwane ezisencane. Ukuze indlovukazi ikhule kusuka kwenyosi, baqala ukungondli nge-feathery noju, kodwa ngejelly ekhethekile yobukhosi. Ngenxa yalokhu, indlovukazi yesibeletho itholakala kwenyosi ejwayelekile. Lapha isaga sizifakazela uqobo - "uyikho lokho ozama ngakho."
Izinyosi ezisebenzayo kufanele zisebenze ubusuku nemini. Impilo yabo inzima, futhi isikhathi sayo sincike ekutheni kudingeka kangakanani ukundiza. Lapho ziqhubeka ukundiza, ngokushesha izinto zazo ziyaqedwa, bese ziyafa.
Izinyosi ziqoqa umpe ngosizo lwe-proboscis, zizidonsele ngaphakathi kwazo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lama-enzymes, umpe ugaywe kugoge lwenyosi, futhi ukhiqiza uhhafu lwezinyosi. Ukubuyela esidlekeni, izinyosi zikhipha lokho okuseziswini zazo kumaseli ama-hexagonal. Ngokushesha emva kwalokhu, ezinye izinyosi ziqala ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngamaphiko azo, zikhipha uju emswakama. Benza lokhu kuze kube yilapho uju luqina, bese bemboza ikhekheba lezinyosi nge-wax kusuka phezulu, njengabafazi bendlu abakha isivuno semifino ebusika.
Ukuqoqa umpe yenyosi esebenzayo.
Ezinyaweni ezingemuva zezinyosi kukhona imifino ekhethekile lapho igoqa impova yezimbali. Izinyosi eziqoqa impova zinemilenze epinki, zindizela esidlekeni, njengokufika komoya. Emva kwalokho, izinyosi ezisizayo ziyabasiza ukuba bazikhulule ekuphakameni ababezilethile.
Izinyosi zivikela izinyosi zazo ngesibindi, zikulungele ngisho nokufa ukuzivikela. Uma uzama ukuthatha uju kubo, bazokukhala kakhulu futhi bagwaze ngokulangazelela. Abafuni ukunikela ngezinto zabo ezinhle kalula, ngoba uju kubo kungukudla okuyinhloko nesiqinisekiso sokuzalelwa.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Uyini umndeni wezinyosi?
Ngenxa yokuncika kwelungu ngalinye lomndeni ngakunye, inani elikhulu lempova noju luqoqiwe, izinga lokushisa elilungile kanye nomswakama ezindaweni ezinamathele esidlekeni kuyagcinwa. Izinyosi zingazalela futhi zivikele kunoma iziphi izitha.
Umndeni ngamunye wezinyosi unezici zawo ezithile:
- iphunga,
- isidleke,
- ukumelana nezimo zobusika,
- ukukwazi ukujaha futhi ukuqoqa uju,
- ukusebenza,
- izehlakalo zokuwohloka komzimba,
- izinga lobudlova.
Isibeletho sidlala indima enkulu emndenini, ngemuva kokufakwa esikhundleni kwezimo lapho izimo zingashintsha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isizukulwane siyashintsha, ngokulandelana, kanye nefa.
Umndeni unamalungu anjengalawa:
- isibeletho sinye
- abantu abasebenzayo - abesifazane abangohlelo lokuzala olwakhiwe ngaphansi,
- ama-drones angabesilisa.
Sekukonke, umndeni ehlobo ungaba nezinyosi ezingama-80,000, ebusika - ezingama-20 000. Izinambuzane zingakhula kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Lokhu kuzinga lokushisa elifanele, okuphakelayo okwanele. Ukukhula kwezinyosi kwehla ekwindla, ebusika - kuyama.
Impilo yomndeni kaBee
Umndeni wezinyosi ubonakala nge-polymorphism, okusho ukuthi ukubumbana. Lokhu kubonakala phambi kwezinhlobo zowesilisa nezinhlobo ezimbili. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokwemuva lokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Isibeletho asikwazi ukusebenza, kepha sibeka amaqanda kuphela. Kodwa-ke, akakwazi ukondla nokukhulisa izingane, anakekele izindlu. Wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngabantu abasebenzayo, kanti ama-drones awenzi lutho. Izinyosi ezisebenzayo zithola impova, zondle isibeletho kuqhuma, hlomisa isidleke. Isici - izintokazi azikwazi ukuthatha indawo yesibeletho ngenxa yokwanda kwezitho zangasese.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinambuzane sithinteka ngesikhathi sonyaka, amandla omndeni wonke, kanye nenani likashukela okusetshenzwe ngalo. Abantu abasebenzayo ehlobo baphila inyanga noma ezimbili, ngesikhathi sokuphumula - kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-8. Ukulindelwa kwabo empilweni kuncike emandleni abo okusebenza (lapho besebenza kakhulu, kuncane lapho bephila khona). Impilo yesibeletho ifinyelela eminyakeni emi-4, kepha ngokuya ngokulungiswa kwezinga eliphakeme, bangaphila iminyaka emi-5.
Ngokuya ngobuqotho bohlelo lwezinto eziphilayo lomndeni wezinyosi, kunezimpawu zokuma:
- Imvelaphi ejwayelekile. Ama-Drones nezinyosi azalwa esibelethweni esisodwa se-ovipositing.
- Ukuntula ikhono lokuzimela, okusho ukuthi, alikho ilungu lomndeni elihlala ngaphandle.
- Ukufana kokusebenza. Abantu bakhathalela ukuvikelwa, inzalo, balawula i-microclimate esidlekeni.
- Ukukhwabanisa nokuguquguquka kokusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi - Uhlobo ngalunye lwabantu lubandakanyeka ebhizinisini lwalo.
- Ukuzithoba okuqinile emithethweni ejwayelekile yomndeni.
Intuthuko
I-Ontogeneisis (ukuthuthukiswa) incike ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaniseni (inqubo yokuqashelwa kozalo lwesakhi sofuzo samaseli ngokwamandla abo nokusebenza kwayo). Okusho ukuthi, kusukela ezinqubweni ezenzeka esithobeni sezinyosi kukho konke impilo.
- Izinsikazi zakha ngenkathi ziseqanda ngesikhathi lapho i-nucleus yeseli leqanda ihlangana khona nesidoda. I-magengenis yabesilisa ibhekwa njengesiqalo sesikhathi sokuchoboza kwe-nucleus eseqanda, esingakenziwa umanyolo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokungafani nesizinda sohlobo lokukhula kokukhula, lapho iqanda lenziwa esibelethweni sesibeletho, kanye ne-spermatozoa engxenyeni yokugcina yesilisa.
- Ngemuva kwalokhu, isikhathi se-embryonic se-inclgenesis siqala, lapho umbungu ukhula ngaphakathi kweqanda. Uma iqanda livundiswa, khona-ke ukuthuthuka kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-3, uma kungenjalo, isikhathi siyanda ngamahora ayi-10. Ngosuku lokuqala, iqanda lisendaweni eqondile, kwesibili - lithatha i-angle engama-degrees angama-45, kolwesithathu - licwila liqonde phansi. Ngaphakathi, kwakhiwa i-larva engenazitho ezibonakalayo, iphunga. Akuphuhliwe pigment, iningi lomzimba liqukethe amathumbu aphakathi. Amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwayo, izinambuzane esidlekeni zigcwalisa amaseli ngobisi wasebukhosini, ngakho-ke amaqanda asesimweni esintantayo. Uma umhlengikazi wezinyosi akhiqiza ubisi lokondla izibungu zezinambuzane ezisebenzayo akwanele, khona-ke izibungu ziphuma zomile (alukho ubisi lwenyosi olwanele).
Isibeletho sesikhathi esizayo sondliwa ikakhulukazi ngejelly yasebukhosini.
Izici ezihlukile zokuthuthukisa imibala:
- ngokushesha emva kokuhlwitha, umbala wamehlo aso mhlophe,
- ngosuku lwesithathu liphenduka liphuzi
- ngolwesine - ubomvana,
- Nge-16 - i-lilac, ngenkathi isifuba sifana nezindlovu,
- Usuku lwe-18 - isisu esimnyama, amalunga nezinzipho - tan,
- I-19 - isifuba siba mnyama kakhulu, amehlo athola ithoni onsomi,
- Usuku lwama-20 - umzimba ubukeka ungwevu.
Intuthuko ngemuva kokuphuma:
- Lapho ishiya iseli esimweni sezulu esinamafu, inyosi kufanele iphumule izinsuku ezintathu. Abantu abadala bayayondla, kepha yona uqobo ingadla izinsalela zekepusi. Ngalesi sikhathi, intokazi esebenza izifaka ihlelekile, emva kwalokho iqale ukuhlanza amaseli. Ezinye izinambuzane zizipenda zikhanye ngepropolis.
- Kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10, ukukhula okuncane kutholakala eduze kwesibeletho, ukusondla nokukhulisa izibungu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubisi lukhiqizwa ngamanani anele. Kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyisithupha zokuphila bondliwe izibungu ezinsukwini ezingama-4-6. Ngokulandelayo, abancane bayondliwa.
- Ngemuva kwesonto leminyaka, izindlala ezisencane zithuthukisa izindlala ze-wax, ngenxa yalokho, i-wax ngesimo samapuleti iyathunyelwa. Izinyosi ziba ngabakhi - ziphenya impova, zisebenza umpe, bese zakha uju lwezinyosi.
- Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 noma ngaphezulu, izindlala ze-wax ziyeka ukwakhiwa, ngakho-ke izinambuzane ziyajikela ukunakekela isidleke - zihlanze amaseli, ziqoqe futhi zikhiphe udoti.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 zokuphila, izinyosi zithola isimo seziboshwa. Zivikela ihlobo, zingahlukanisa phakathi kwabafokazi. Kungokokuqala ukuthi baqale ukundiza, okwenza sikwazi ukukhumbula indawo ecacile yomqobelo. Lesi sinambuzane sindizela kuphela ikhanda laso libhekise kwi-taphole, lenza ukunyakaza okungama-semicircular.
- Lapho iminyaka ifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-22-25, izinyosi ezisebenzayo zindiza ngokuphelele ziphuma “endlini” ukuqoqa uju. Umuntu okhethayo kufanele azise abanye abantu ngendawo umpe wabo. Uyenza ibe yi-biocommunication ebonakalayo.
- Ngemuva kwenyanga yeminyaka, inyosi iqoqa amanzi wonke umndeni. Le nkathi ibonakala ngezinga eliphakeme lokufa kwezinambuzane, ngoba imvamisa baqoqa amanzi emithonjeni yemvelo. Ukuze uvikele lokhu, i-apiary kumele inakekele ukutholakala kwezitsha zokuphuza ezinamanzi asezingeni lekholishi.
Umsebenzi wezinyosi onjalo wenza kube lula ukusebenzisa izakhi zomzimba futhi usebenzise inani elikhona lamalungu omndeni. Izakhamzimba zitholakala kakhulu esikhathini sokuphuma esitokisini.
Uma isibeletho noma inzalo ifa, khona-ke umgcini wezinyosi udinga ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngasiphi isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isigaba ngasinye sokuthuthuka esibonakala ngaso.
Ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo wekholoni lezinyosi, kubalulekile ukuligcina kahle i-apiary. Kukhona imithetho ephoqelekile ngesikhathi sokuqoqa uju:
- ukucubungula uju nokuthinta,
- ukondla okufika ngesikhathi nangekhwalithi ephezulu,
- ukuntuleka kwenqubo yokumba,
- inhlangano yemisebenzi yomndeni,
- ukuhlelwa kobusika.
Ungazigcina kanjani izinyosi:
- Amapharamitha ajwayelekile esokhethi angama-9 mm, kepha ukuthuthuka okusha kukhuphula igebe leli libe ngu-12 mm. Okuqukethwe kokuqukethwe kwezindlu eziningi. Kodwa lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokudla okuphakelayo ngesikhathi sobusika.Ezingxenyeni ezingemuva zamathumbu ezinambuzane, kuqongelela imfucumfucu yokudla engatholakali, ngemuva kokuthi isidleke sesiveziwe entwasahlobo, izinyosi kufanele zindizele lapho zihlanzwa. Ukuphambuka kumapharamitha wemvelo (endaweni ebanzi, emphemeni) kuyacunula ukugcwala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, okuzuzisayo kumgcini wezinyosi - umndeni uyanda futhi uzinze ngaphambili nangcono. Funda kabanzi ngokuzalaniswa kwezinyosi ngezindlela ezihlukile - funda lapha.
- Cishe ngosuku lwesithathu ngemuva kokuvulwa kwemichilo entwasahlobo, abasebenzi baletha impova ezidlekeni, kanti isibeletho sibeka amaqanda. Umgcini wezinyosi ngalesi sikhathi kufanele anwebe izidleke futhi aqale ukubalwa kwezinsuku ezingama-36. Kulandela ukuthi ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ukuya kwezi-21 kuzovela isizukulwane esisha (kudlule izinsuku ezingama-24 emva kombukiso) Ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku eziyi-12 (usuku lwama-36), ukukhula okuncane kuzobandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kohlaka lwezinyosi, ngakho isidleke kumele sinikezwe nge-wax. Uma wonke umsebenzi wenziwa kahle, ukubekezelela i-engela yesisekelo samaseli (kufanele kube ngamadigri ayi-110), khona-ke ukwakhiwa kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha, isibeletho siba namandla kakhulu kwizikelemu.
- Umfuyi wezinyosi kufanele abeke amasheya efishi ngesimo sezinyosi nezinyosi. Ukuhlelwa kufanele kuhambisane nezimo zemvelo - amafreyimu we-pergovye asetwa ngaphansi kwesifushane.
- Uma izinambuzane zigcinwa okhalweni lwama-multihull, khona-ke amakheshi wezinyosi asetwa njengophiramidi (izidleke zizokwakhiwa ngokuya ngomgomo - 7, 9, 11).
- Uphahla kumele lube lomoya ukuze kungashisi okulahlekile. Lokhu kuzovikela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokungcola yezinambuzane zezinyosi ekushintshisaneni nomoya.
- Abafuyi bezinyosi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakhetha ukwakheka kwemizimba eminingi, ngoba kungenzeka banciphise futhi bandise izidleke ngama-hulls kunokuba babe ozimele abahlukene. Lokhu kuholela ezindlekweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme labasebenzi kanye nokwanda kwenani lezindawo zezinyosi. Kepha kulokhu, ukugqokwa kokugqokwa okuphezulu okugcwele noju kuyacatshangelwa. Lokhu kuzobuyisa okuphakelayo ekwindla ezindlini zezingane.
- Okuqukethwe kwezindlu eziningi kuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi eminingi ngaphandle kokuhlola ozimele futhi kuhlukanise isidleke:
- ukunciphisa isidleke nokuhlanza phansi - susa indlu eyodwa,
- isandiso - engeza i-aft hull,
- ukufakwa kwesakhiwo "sokwakha",
- ukuthutha umndeni wokuvota nokuqoqa uju kwezilimo ezihlukile,
- ukufakwa kwesitolo kumelwa ukufaka umkhiqizo woju,
- Ukukhetha uju
- ukulungiselela ubusika.
- Imiklamo yemikoko ikhethwe ngokuya ngezimo zezulu (izinga lokushisa lomoya, umfutho nokuvama komoya), umhlaba, isidingo sokwandisa umkhiqizo. Uma ukuqoqwa kohambo olunzulu kuhlelwa, isidleke kufanele sibe nobukhulu. Uma kwenzeka izinto zokuhamba ezijwayelekile zilindelwa, kuqala kunikezwa okhalweni okulungele ukuthutha.
- Isakhiwo sezakhiwo ezidlekayo kufanele sivumelane kakhulu nezimo zemvelo, ezizokwenza umndeni uqine.
- Okuphakelayo kufanele kube kuningi futhi kube nomsindo.
Izinyosi zobusika
- Izinyosi zinikeza ukuphumula kobusika ngemuva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Esidlekeni, izinga lokushisa kufanele lisuke ku-0 degrees liye ku-+7. Nguwo lo hulumeni ohlinzeka ngokuhlangeneyo we-CO2 (uma sikhuluma ngokulunga kwezinto eziphilayo, khona-ke okuhlushwa kufanele kube ngama-1-3,5%). Uma izinga lokushisa nokuxineka kwe-CO2 liphezulu, umndeni wezinyosi uyasebenza, futhi lokhu kuholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kokudla nokondla isisu ngaphambi kwesikhathi (izixuku ezedlulele zakha imithwalo ye-pathological kumathumbu angemva).
- Imigwaqo yasebusika kufanele ibe nosayizi we-9 mm. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa izinga elijwayelekile le-carbon dioxide, okubalulekile ekuguqulweni okubushelelezi komzimba wezinyosi kuye esimweni sokuphumula.
- Ebusika, akukho ngaphezu kwama-5 kg okuphakelayo okubekwa emndenini owodwa.
- Ngesikhathi sasebusika, umgcini wezinyosi kufanele alalele njalo okhalweni - iklabhu akufanele idale ukugqwala, ukuqhumisa, ukudubulana. Izinyosi zivame ukugeleza ngamaqoqo alengiswe kusuka embhedeni. Lesi isici semvelo sezinambuzane ukudala i-microclimate efanele.
I-Uterus
Isibeletho somndeni wonke wezinkulungwane zezinyosi munye futhi uyisihluthulelo, ngakho-ke sibizwa ngokuthi yindlovukazi nendlovukazi esidlekeni. Ungukuphela kwabo bonke abantu besifazane abanesistimu yokuzala evamile ethuthukisiwe. Ubophezelekile wokukhulelwa, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezingane. Ikhwalithi yayo inqunywa inani lamaqanda elibekwe. Isibeletho kufanele sibambe amaqanda ayi-1,700-2,000 ngosuku. Uma inyosi ingakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo, bayoyishintsha iye komunye umuntu.
Inyosi ngayinye esebenza kanye ne-drone ihlukanisa isibeletho sayo ngephunga elithile, ngakho-ke uma utshala indlovukazi entsha esidlekeni, umndeni uyombona njengesitha esisongela, olandelwa ukubhujiswa. Ngalesi sizathu, izindlovukazi ezimbili azikwazi ukuba semndenini owodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Izici ezihlukanisayo
Isibeletho, esishada okungenani kanye nowesilisa, sithathwa njenge-fetus. Izici zakhe, ngokungafani nezinye izinsikazi kanye nama-drones:
- isisindo sisuka ku-180 kuya ku-330 mg (infertile isisindo 170-220 mg),
- ubude bomzimba - kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-2,5 cm,
- Amehlo mancane kunawo wonke,
- ukwakheka kwesisu kumise okwenziwe ngethoshi,
- umzimba ophakeme
- indlovukazi ibonakala ngokuhamba kancane,
- uhlala ikakhulukazi esidlekeni (ushiya indlu kuphela isikhathi sokuzalelana, is swinging),
- iminyaka yokuphila eyi-4-5,
- unephunga elikhethekile elivela kuma-pheromones akhiqizwe yiwo,
- uwukuphela kwenyosi engafi ngemuva kokukhipha udosi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana, isibeletho sinciphise amandla okuzala, sibanga amaqanda amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lama-drones lizalwa. Ngakho-ke, abafuyi bezinyosi ngalesi sikhathi bayisusa entsha.
Izindlela zokuhoxisa
Isibeletho sidalulwa ngezindlela ezi-2 - ngokwemvelo nangokwenza. Esimweni sokuqala, izinambuzane ngokwazo zakha kabusha ingqamuzana lendlovukazi, lapho isibeletho sibeka khona iqanda. Ukuze isibeletho sizalwe, izibungu zondliwa ngejelly yasebukhosini, enehomoni ekhethekile ekwakhekeni kwayo.
Ukomba okwenziwe ngaphandle kufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Inkosikazi yendlu yezinyosi, kanye nesibalo esivulekile, sisuswa esidlekeni (izibungu namaqanda okusanda kubekwa kusale ngaphakathi).
- Ingaphansi lezinyosi lezinyosi lisunguliwe.
- Sika iziphuzo zomama bese uzifaka esidlekeni.
- Buyisela isibeletho endaweni yaso.
Bukhona obunye ubuchwepheshe bezindawo zokuzala, kodwa busetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba buthathwa njengobunzima. Kepha abafuyi bezinyosi abanolwazi bazama ukusebenzisa le ndlela ethile, ngoba kwenza ukuthi bakwazi ukuthola izindlovukazi ezinde futhi ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Umnyombo wale ndlela ukubeka izibungu kuma-wax sacs nokubondla okwenziwe ngejeli lasebukhosini.
Ukuthola indlovukazi eqinile esidlekeni, landela le mithetho:
- sebenzisa imindeni enamandla
- nokusabalalisa ngokulinganayo amaseli endlovukazi phezu kwesibambiso ukuqinisekisa ukondla okuphelele,
- gcina ukushisa komoya okuhle (ama-32-33 degrees),
- cabanga umswakama (60-80%),
- Namathela kukhalenda lokuhoxiswa kwesibeletho,
- lawula inqubo yokufaka umquba nokubukeka kokulanywa.
Ukumatanisa
Ngokuzalisa, indlovukazi yenza umjikelezo wokuzala, emva kwalokho umanyolo wenzeka ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokushiya utshwala bukamama. Inqubo ihamba kanjena:
- Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-3-5 (ngokuya ngeminyaka namandla esibeletho), indlovukazi iyaphumula. Lowo ogcina izinyosi kufanele abhubhise notshwala besifazane abasele ngalesi sikhathi.
- Ngokulandelayo, isibeletho senza indiza, sikhumbule indawo esidlekeni, futhi siqondiswa yi-terrain.
- Ngosuku lwe-7, kusuka isikhathi sokuya mating. UDrones obezwakala njengamaphaphu enyosi elungele imidlalo yokuzalelisa ushesha ulibangisa kuye. Kodwa-ke, ngabantu abanohlonze nabashesha kakhulu abangabamba. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, uyabuya.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 (ngosuku lwe-10 ngemuva kokushiya utshwala bukamama), isibeletho senza ukuhlwanyelwa okuyisisekelo.
Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthusa insikazi kulezi zinsuku, ngoba imvamisa indiza ibanga elide. Endaweni engajwayelekile, isibeletho asizulazuli, ngakho-ke ngeke sibuyele emuva (sife).
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzalela udinga ukuphazamisa isidleke, landela izincomo:
- Lapho uhlola, qhubeka ngokuqapha; ungasebenzisi intuthu noma eminye imikhiqizo ethukuthelisa izinyosi.
- Hlola isidleke kuvunyelwe kuze kube 11 pm ntambama.
- Kuyadingeka ukukhetha uju ngemuva kokwehla komsebenzi wokufa kwezinambuzane, okungukuthi, ngemuva kuka-5 pm.
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Uterus
Izinyosi zihlala zizizwa lapho indlovukazi yazo ifile. Umuntu uyakwazi ukukubona lokhu, ngoba izinambuzane ziqala ukundiza ngokushesha zifuna umama futhi zenze umsindo omningi. Cishe amahora amabili ngemuva kwalokho, sebevele bazizwa njengezintandane.
Uma umguni wezinyosi ngokutshala afuya inyosi, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe amahora angama-10-12 ngemuva kokufa kwesibeletho esidala. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umndeni wezinyosi ungangena esikhundleni sesibeletho ngokuzimela. Izinambuzane zizizwa lapho indlovukazi iguga (iphunga layo liyashintsha) noma lonakele.
Ukuzifaka esikhundleni sakho Kwenziwa ngezindlela zokuthula:
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwenziwa nowesifazane okhona. Umndeni udinga ukuhlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo bese ukhetha ozimele abayi-6 nge-sushi. Isikhathi singemva kokuhlwanyelwa kosuku olulodwa. Engxenyeni lapho isibeletho singekho, izinyosi ziyozibeka ngokuzimele indlovukazi kusuka izibungu. Ngemuva kokuthi isibeletho esisha siqine (cishe izinsuku ezingama-4-7 emva kokuzalwa), bese umndeni usijwayela, lezi zingxenye ezimbili zixhunyaniswa futhi ndawonye. Umuntu onamandla nomncane ubhubhisa endala.
- Ukulimala kwendlovukazi. Umfuyi wezinyosi kufanele athathe isibeletho awonakalise. Izinambuzane ezisebenzayo ziyonakalisa ngemuva kwesikhashana, bese zisusa isibeletho esisha.
Ukudalwa kokwenza izindlovukazi:
- Iyaphenduka. Kusetshenziswa ikepisi noma ibhokisi. Susa ikheji esidlekeni, ubeke inyosi kuso ukuze ingandiza ishiye iphunga layo. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, isibeletho esidala siyasuswa bese kuthi esitsha sitshaleke. Ngokulandelayo, iseli lifakwa kuzimele ezingaphezulu enkabeni yesidleke. Linda amahora amabili. Izinambuzane ezisebenzayo kufanele zimondle .Uma umphumela uba muhle, iseli liyavuleka. Ngama-cap enza ngendlela efanayo. Kepha izinyosi eziya kwindlovukazi entsha zizovala indlela ngezinyosi zoju. Kunobungozi bokwenqatshwa komuntu osemusha. Lapho-ke kufanele uphinde inqubo inqubo ngesinye isibeletho esisha.
- Ekhumula. Umndeni udinga ukunyakaziswa ngokushesha nge-letok noma esidlekeni, lapho izinambuzane ziyohlangana zidideke futhi zikhohlwe ngendlovukazi yazo. Ngalesi sikhathi, tshala "umama" omusha. Kodwa-ke, indlela ayikhokhi njalo, njengoba izinyosi ziqala ukucasuka.
- I-Aromatization. Indlela ephumelelayo. I-glue, i-swarm kanye nesibeletho esincane kufafazwa ngamanzi anoshukela, isixazululo ngamaconsi eminti. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube khona esimeni sokukhonkotha umuntu omusha ngezinyosi ukuze akujwayele iphunga lakhe futhi akwamukele.
- Kuphendula umama. Kusihlwa, udinga ukuthatha i-leu engenalutho, uyifafaze ngamaconsi eminti. Ekuseni, udinga ukwakha izingqimba kusuka kwabancane, ubeke eduze kwesibalo esinamandla. Kusihlwa kosuku olufanayo, kubekwa isibeletho esincane, esenza impukane. Lapho kuzala kufanelekile, yomibili imindeni iyahlangana. Umama omdala ubhujiswa yizinyosi.
- Kufafaza. Kusetshenziswa lapho isibeletho esidala sifile. Kusihlwa, kutshalwa umama osemncane, kodwa ngaphambili wayambozwa nge cap. Ekuseni kuyasuswa, kanti izinambuzane zifafazwa ngofulawa ojwayelekile. Le ndlela iphakanyisiwe kwi-Intanethi, kepha abafuyi bezinyosi abakahlolwa.
Drones
Ama-Drones ngabesilisa abadla ngokushintshana nezinyosi ezisebenzayo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, laba besilisa bayeka ukondla izingane zabo ama-drones, bangavumeli abesilisa abadala ukuthi badle ukudla kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqala ukubakhipha okhalweni.
Lokhu kukhombisa ukuphela kwenkathi enkulu yokuqoqwa kwezinyosi. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanjalo ngokuvamile abaphili ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika. Kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma kungekho sibeletho esixukwini. Kwabafuyi bezinyosi abaningi, ama-drones angumthwalo, ngoba bona, ngaphandle kokuzalela, abenzi lutho, kepha badla ukudla okunomsoco futhi bathinte wonke umndeni nge-varroatosis.
Imisebenzi
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesibeletho ukuzala, ukubeka amaqanda. Nguye ohlanganisa lonke uhlobo, athumele into ethile ekhethekile edluliselwa kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni. Ukuphathwa kabi kwesidleke kuthinta ngqo ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwezinyosi, izindlela eziphila ngayo nezinamba.
Izindlela zokuhoxisa
Isibeletho sidalulwa ngezindlela ezi-2 - ngokwemvelo nangokwenza. Esimweni sokuqala, izinambuzane ngokwazo zakha kabusha ingqamuzana lendlovukazi, lapho isibeletho sibeka khona iqanda. Ukuze isibeletho sizalwe, izibungu zondliwa ngejelly yasebukhosini, enehomoni ekhethekile ekwakhekeni kwayo.
Ukomba okwenziwe ngaphandle kufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Inkosikazi yendlu yezinyosi, kanye nesibalo esivulekile, sisuswa esidlekeni (izibungu namaqanda okusanda kubekwa kusale ngaphakathi).
- Ingaphansi lezinyosi lezinyosi lisunguliwe.
- Sika iziphuzo zomama bese uzifaka esidlekeni.
- Buyisela isibeletho endaweni yaso.
Bukhona obunye ubuchwepheshe bezindawo zokuzala, kodwa busetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba buthathwa njengento eyinkimbinkimbi. Kepha abafuyi bezinyosi abanolwazi bazama ukusebenzisa le ndlela ethile, ngoba kwenza ukuthi bakwazi ukuthola izindlovukazi ezinde futhi ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Umnyombo wale ndlela ukubekelwa kwezibungu kuma-wax sacs nokudla kwazo kokufakelwa ngejelly yasebukhosini.
Ukuthola indlovukazi eqinile esidlekeni, landela le mithetho:
- sebenzisa imindeni enamandla
- nokusabalalisa ngokulinganayo amaseli endlovukazi phezu kwesibambiso ukuqinisekisa ukondla okuphelele,
- gcina ukushisa komoya okuhle (ama-32-33 degrees),
- cabanga umswakama (60-80%),
- Namathela kukhalenda lokuhoxiswa kwesibeletho,
- lawula inqubo yokufaka umquba nokubukeka kokulanywa.
Ukumatanisa
Ngokuzalisa, indlovukazi yenza umjikelezo wokuzala, emva kwalokho umanyolo wenzeka ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokushiya utshwala bukamama. Inqubo ihamba kanjena:
- Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-3-5 (ngokuya ngeminyaka namandla esibeletho), indlovukazi iyaphumula. Lowo ogcina izinyosi kufanele abhubhise notshwala besifazane abasele ngalesi sikhathi.
- Ngokulandelayo, isibeletho senza indiza, sikhumbule indawo esidlekeni, futhi siqondiswa yindawo.
- Ngosuku lwe-7, kusuka isikhathi sokuya mating. UDrones obezwakala njengamaphaphu enyosi elungele imidlalo yokuzalelisa ushesha ulibangisa kuye. Kodwa-ke, ngabantu abanohlonze nabashesha kakhulu abangabamba. Ngemuva kokuganisana, uyabuya.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 (ngosuku lwe-10 ngemuva kokushiya utshwala bukamama), isibeletho senza ukuhlwanyelwa okuyisisekelo.
Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukwethusa insikazi kulezi zinsuku, ngoba imvamisa indiza ibanga elide. Endaweni engajwayelekile, isibeletho asizulazuli, ngakho-ke ngeke sibuyele emuva (sife).
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzalela udinga ukuphazamisa isidleke, landela izincomo:
- Lapho uhlola, qhubeka ngokuqapha; ungasebenzisi intuthu noma eminye imikhiqizo ethukuthelisa izinyosi.
- Hlola isidleke kuvunyelwe kuze kube 11 pm ntambama.
- Kuyadingeka ukukhetha uju ngemuva kokwehla komsebenzi wokufa kwezinambuzane, okungukuthi, ngemuva kuka-5 pm.
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Uterus
Izinyosi zihlala zizizwa lapho indlovukazi yazo ifile. Umuntu uyakwazi ukukubona lokhu, ngoba izinambuzane ziqala ukundiza ngokushesha zifuna umama futhi zenze umsindo omningi. Cishe amahora amabili ngemuva kwalokho, sebevele bazizwa njengezintandane.
Uma umguni wezinyosi ngokutshala afuya inyosi, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe amahora angama-10-12 ngemuva kokufa kwesibeletho esidala. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umndeni wezinyosi ungangena esikhundleni sesibeletho ngokuzimela. Izinambuzane zizizwa lapho indlovukazi iguga (iphunga layo liyashintsha) noma lonakele.
Ukuzifaka esikhundleni sakho Kwenziwa ngezindlela zokuthula:
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwenziwa nowesifazane okhona. Umndeni kumele uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo bese ukhetha ozimele abayi-6 nge-sushi. Isikhathi singemva kokuhlwanyelwa kosuku olulodwa. Engxenyeni lapho isibeletho singekho, izinyosi ziyozibeka ngokuzimele indlovukazi kusuka izibungu. Ngemuva kokuthi isibeletho esisha siqine (cishe izinsuku ezingama-4-7 emva kokuzalwa), bese umndeni usijwayela, lezi zingxenye ezimbili zixhunyaniswa futhi ndawonye. Umuntu onamandla nomncane ubhubhisa endala.
- Ukulimala kwendlovukazi. Umfuyi wezinyosi kufanele athathe isibeletho awonakalise. Izinambuzane ezisebenzayo ziyonakalisa ngemuva kwesikhashana, bese zisusa isibeletho esisha.
Ukudalwa kokwenza izindlovukazi:
- Iyaphenduka. Kusetshenziswa ikepisi noma ibhokisi.Susa ikheji esidlekeni, ubeke inyosi kuso ukuze ingandiza ishiye iphunga layo. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, isibeletho esidala siyasuswa bese kuthi esitsha sitshaleke. Ngokulandelayo, iseli lifakwa kuzimele ezingaphezulu enkabeni yesidleke. Linda amahora amabili. Izinambuzane ezisebenzayo kufanele zimondle .Uma umphumela uba muhle, iseli liyavuleka. Ngama-cap enza ngendlela efanayo. Kepha izinyosi eziya kwindlovukazi entsha zizovala indlela ngezinyosi zoju. Kunobungozi bokwenqatshwa komuntu osemusha. Lapho-ke kufanele uphinde inqubo inqubo ngesinye isibeletho esisha.
- Ekhumula. Umndeni udinga ukunyakaziswa ngokushesha nge-letok noma esidlekeni, lapho izinambuzane ziyohlangana zidideke futhi zikhohlwe ngendlovukazi yazo. Ngalesi sikhathi, tshala "umama" omusha. Kodwa-ke, indlela ayikhokhi njalo, njengoba izinyosi ziqala ukucasuka.
- I-Aromatization. Indlela ephumelelayo. I-glue, i-swarm kanye nesibeletho esincane kufafazwa ngamanzi anoshukela, isixazululo ngamaconsi eminti. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube khona esimeni sokukhonkotha umuntu omusha ngezinyosi ukuze akujwayele iphunga lakhe futhi akwamukele.
- Kuphendula umama. Kusihlwa, udinga ukuthatha i-leu engenalutho, uyifafaze ngamaconsi eminti. Ekuseni, udinga ukwakha izingqimba kusuka kwabancane, ubeke eduze kwesibalo esinamandla. Kusihlwa kosuku olufanayo, kubekwa isibeletho esincane, esenza impukane. Lapho kuzala kufanelekile, yomibili imindeni iyahlangana. Umama omdala ubhujiswa yizinyosi.
- Kufafaza. Kusetshenziswa lapho isibeletho esidala sifile. Kusihlwa, kutshalwa umama osemncane, kodwa ngaphambili wayambozwa nge cap. Ekuseni kuyasuswa, kanti izinambuzane zifafazwa ngofulawa ojwayelekile. Le ndlela iphakanyisiwe kwi-Intanethi, kepha abafuyi bezinyosi abakahlolwa.
Drones
Ama-Drones ngabesilisa abadla ngokushintshana nezinyosi ezisebenzayo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, laba besilisa bayeka ukondla izingane zabo ama-drones, bangavumeli abesilisa abadala ukuthi badle ukudla kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqala ukubakhipha okhalweni.
Lokhu kukhombisa ukuphela kwenkathi enkulu yokuqoqwa kwezinyosi. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanjalo ngokuvamile abaphili ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika. Kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma kungekho sibeletho esixukwini. Kwabafuyi bezinyosi abaningi, ama-drones angumthwalo, ngoba bona, ngaphandle kokuzalela, abenzi lutho, kepha badla ukudla okunomsoco futhi bathinte wonke umndeni nge-varroatosis.
Izici ezihlukanisayo
Abesilisa bavela esikhathini ngaphambi kokuqoqwa kwezinyosi, okungukuthi, entwasahlobo. Cishe ngosuku lwe-10 ngemuva kokukhishwa, i-drone ingashada ngokuphelele. Inani lalezinambuzane lifinyelela kuma-200 laya ezinkulungwaneni eziningana. Izici:
- isisindo - 220-250 mg,
- ubude bomzimba - kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-1.7 cm,
- umzimba ubanzi
- umsila oyindilinga
- lapho ukundiza, kuvela isivinini esikhulu,
- ekuphumuleni babonakala ngokuhamba kancane,
- zula masinyane esikhaleni,
- lapho indiza, zikhala kakhulu ngama-bass,
- akukho kuduma
- ndiza kude esidlekeni ngamakhilomitha ayi-15,
- Ukufa kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzala,
- isikhathi sokuthuthuka siyizinsuku ezingama-24.
Imisebenzi
Ukuphela komsebenzi wama-drones ukushada nendlovukazi esidlekeni. Ama-Drones ahlala elwela ilungelo lokushada nesibeletho. Onqobayo kunabo bonke, kepha afe ngokushesha. Abesilisa abangakaze bashade babulawa yindlala ngemuva kokuxoshwa emndenini.
Umgcini wezinyosi angayibona inqubo yokuzalela, aqaphele abantu ababuthakathaka. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukwenqaba ngokungemthetho, ngakho-ke isibeletho sizoba nabesilisa abaqinile nabanamandla kuphela.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Abesilisa baphila impilo emfushane - kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu. Isikhathi sokubonakala kwabo entwasahlobo singenxa yezimo zezulu nezesimo sezulu, iminyaka yendlovukazi, ukufumbathisa namandla esixhaphozi. Lapho kudonswa ama-drones, amangqamuzana abo abekwa azungeze uzalo lwezinyosi, kodwa uma kungenele, inyosi ibeka izibungu ngqo kwizinyosi zezinyosi.
Ngemuva kokuphuma kwamaseli iminyaka eyishumi, izinambuzane ezisebenzayo zondla abesilisa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekwakhekeni okugcwele kokugcina. Ngemuva kwesonto kukhishwe, owesilisa kuqala wenza impukane, azijwayeze indawo nendawo ezungezile.
Ukulawula ukukhanda
Inani labesilisa esikhungweni sezinyosi ikakhulukazi lincike kwikhwalithi lezinyosi, ukuzalela, kodwa imindeni ngayinye ngokwemvelo iyabenqaba abantu ababuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi ama-drones alinywe ngokweqile, okuthinta kabi isisulu nenani loju oluqoqiwe, ngakho-ke abafuyi bezinyosi kufanele baqaphele inani labo. Imvamisa, abesilisa banele amayunithi angama-200-500.
Ngaphandle kwabesilisa, umndeni awunakuba khona hhayi kuphela ngoba uyadingeka ekutsheni. Kuyavela ukuthi umuntu angahlulela ikhwalithi yesibeletho kanye nesisulu sisonke. Ngakho-ke, uma ngemuva kokuxoshwa ekwindla, ama-drones asalokhu esenkomeni, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isibeletho sesingenalo inzalo noma safa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla, owesilisa, endiza esidlekeni, ahlangane ndawonye, okudala izimo ezinhle "egumbini".
Uma abesilisa bekwazi ukwenza ubusika esidlekeni, entwasahlobo bayofa, ngoba abakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga aphansi okushisa, ngawo baba buthaka.
Ukusebenza kwezinyosi
Abantu abasebenzayo banesilinganiso sokuphila esiphakathi kwesibeletho ne-drone - kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Uma inyosi yahlotshwa ngoMashi, impilo iyizinsuku ezingama-35, uma ngoJuni - isibalo esingama-30, uma ekwindla - izinyanga ezingama-3-8. Kepha kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi izinambuzane zibe khona unyaka owodwa (lapho kungekho sizalo esidlekeni). Isizathu salokhu ukondleka okwandisiwe kwesinkwa sezinyosi, ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezigcinayo ziqongelela emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awudingi ukuchitha amandla emsebenzini ebusika.
Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwezinyosi, izinsikazi ezisebenzayo zikhulisa isisindo somzimba ngo-15-19%. Lababantu banesistimu yokuzala engathuthukisiwe, kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, lapho kungekho khona ingqwele yesibeletho, bangabeka amaqanda ngenani lezingcezu ezingama-20-30. Kodwa-ke, onke awafundile. Ukubalwa akwenzeki phansi kwamaseli, kepha ezindongeni, okuhlukanisa abantu abasebenzayo esibelethweni.
Izinyosi ze-Tinder zingezinhlobo ezi-2: ama-anatomical (amaqanda aqala ukukhula kuma-ovari) kanye nangokomzimba (la maqanda abekwa). Owokuqala angaba ngu-90%, owesibili - 25% kuwo wonke umndeni.
Izinyosi ezindizayo nezidlekayo
Izinyosi ezisebenzayo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ayinhloko:
- Amawashi - Labo bantu abasenkingeni ngemuva kokuphuma kumaseli. Ekuqaleni, bathola amandla, emva kwalokho baqala ukondla izibungu, bese benza umsebenzi wokuhlanza isidleke nokwakha. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokusuka, benza izindiza zokuqala, baphendulela amakhanda baye endlini yabo. Ngemuva kokujwayela insimu, izidleke zezinyosi ziyandiza. Endaweni yabo kuza abantu abazalwe kabusha.
- Indiza - Qoqa impova nompe, uthele amanzi nezinto ezinamathela ezinqengeni. Yibona abasebenza ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwezinyosi kakhulu.
Ngabe usebenza kanjani umndeni wezinyosi? (ividiyo)
Kule vidiyo ungawubona kahle umndeni wezinyosi bese uthola amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezinyosi:
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokubandakanyeka ekuzaleni izinyosi, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda izinto zokwaziswa mayelana nelungu ngalinye lekolishi lezinyosi, thintana nabathengisi bezinyosi abanolwazi futhi ugcina ngokucophelela yonke imithetho yokugcinwa kwabo.
Ubukhazikhazi emndenini wezinyosi
Umndeni wezinyosi unesikhundla esicacile ngokusatshalaliswa kwayo yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngamalungu ayo. Into esemqoka esidlekeni yisibeletho, yehluka ngosayizi womzimba, ofinyelela ku-20-25 mm ubude kuze kufike ku-300 mg isisindo. Isibeleko sibekela amaqanda, kuze kufinyelele kumayunithi ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngosuku, kanti amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150-250 ngesizini. Isikhathi sokuphila kwesibeletho cishe siyiminyaka eyi-8, kepha yiminyaka emithathu kuphela eyenza imisebenzi yaso ngokushesha. Isibeletho sibizwa ngokuthi yiyona nto ekhangayo esidlekeni. Abantu abahlengikazi bahlanganyela ekuyondleni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubekwa kwamaqanda njalo. Isibeletho sinokubuyiswa kwaso - onogada abavikela inhloko yomndeni, bamnakekele ngendlela yokuhlanza isidleke nasekuhlanzeni kusuka esihlalweni. Ikhanda esidlekeni liyakwazi ukukhiqiza into ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-uterine. Le nto ithathwa njenge-ferromone, abasebenzi abayikhotha isuka emzimbeni wesibeletho futhi bayithwale esidlekeni sonke ukuqinisekisa impilo yesibeletho kanye nenhlala-kahle yomndeni wonke.
Inhloko yomndeni wezinyosi ihlala ingakwazi ukugcina ukubumbana ngezinga eliphakeme, ngakho-ke kunezimo eziningi lapho umndeni wezinyosi uqeda ngokuzimela isibeletho bese ukhula okusha.
Ukuze ube ngabantu abasebenza ngokugcwele, izibungu zihamba ngezigaba eziningana zentuthuko:
- Ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngemuva kokubekwa, amaqanda amhlophe aphenduka izibungu,
- ezinsukwini ezilandelayo ezi-3-7, izibungu zidliswa ngobisi, bese-ke ukudla kwazo kuhlukaniswa: ingxenye (3/4) yesibungu idluliselwa kwisinkwa sezinyosi noju, futhi ingxenye (1/4) iyaqhubeka idliswa ngobisi,
- khona-ke ingqamuzana elinalova liboshwe nge-wax, lilondoloze ezinye izinqolobane zokudla ngaphakathi - ukuze kuthuthukiswe abanye abantu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu, izinyosi ezisebenza (inzalo noma i-asexual yabantu) ezondliwe isinkwa sezinyosi noju, izibeletho (abantu abavundile) abondliwe ngobisi nama-drones baphuma ezitokisini.
Isisekelo esidlekeni sakhiwa ngabantu abasebenzayo - avela emaqanda isibeletho asibeka futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 alungele umsebenzi onzima wokunakekela isidleke. Ubukhulu bomuntu osebenzayo bancane, ubude bomzimba busuka ku-12 kuye ku-14 mm, isisindo sisuka ku-90 kuye ku-115 mg.
Ama-Drones yizinyosi zesilisa ezifinyelela usayizi womzimba ongu-15 kuye ku-17 mm ubude futhi zinesisindo esiphakathi kwama-200 nama-250 mg. Ama-Drones aqhamuka emaqandeni angenamazinyo, enza umsebenzi wokufaka umanyolo esibelethweni. Owesilisa akanaso isidina, akasebenzi, ngokungafani nabantu abasebenzayo, futhi uhlanganyela ekudleni uju oluningi. I-Drone eyodwa idla uju olwedlula amahlandla angama-20 kunokuba izilinganisa, ngakho-ke, abantu abasebenzayo bondla abesilisa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Lapho kufika ekwindla, izinyosi ziyeka ukuthwala uju nge-drones futhi lezo, zenza buthaka, ngokushesha ziyafa.
Ekholoni lezinyosi, futhi, ngesinye isikhathi kuba namagundane acindezelayo angayeka ukufeza imisebenzi yawo ngokushesha njengomuntu osebenzayo bese eqala ukudla amanani obisi lukamama. Le nto yenzeka ngenxa yokungabikho isikhathi eside kwesibeletho esidlekeni noma isibalo esanele sezibungu. Esikhathini ama-ovaries, ngemuva kokudla ubisi lukamama, ama-ovari akhula ngokuqinile, okuholela ekubekelweni kwamaqanda angenafile nokubukeka kwama-drones. Izinyosi ezisebenza kaningi azikwazi ukondla umndeni ngama-drones amaningi, okuholela ekufeni komndeni.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani inyosi futhi yindawo yayo yini esidlekeni?
Izinyosi ezisebenzayo emndenini owodwa zonke zivela esibelethweni esifanayo. Le ngxenye yomndeni wezinyosi isebenza njalo, hhayi ukuze iphazamise okwesibili ezindabeni ezibalulekile.
Uhlu oluphambili lomsebenzi owenziwe umuntu osebenzayo wethulwa:
- ukuqoqa impova nokuyihambisa esidlekeni,
- ukunqwabelana impova kanye nokusebenza kwayo lube uju, ipropoli nesinkwa sezinyosi,
- ukondla izibungu, isibeletho, ukunakekelwa kwezingane,
- ukukhiqizwa kwe-wax ekwakhiweni kwezinyosi zezinyosi,
- ugcwalisa izinyosi zezinyosi ngoju.
- Ukuhlanza isidleke ezindlebeni, imfucumfucu, uthuli,
- ukugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo,
- ukuvikela isidleke kwezinye izinambuzane,
- ukulethwa kwamanzi esidlekeni ngezidingo zezinyosi,
- ukufudumeza izindonga zendlu, kufakwe izimbotshana nemifantu
- ukulethwa kokudla kusuka emasimini okwenzelwe abakhileyo esidlekeni,
- ukulawulwa kwenani leqanda elibekwe yisibeletho.
Ngokuya ngeminyaka yenyosi esebenza ngayo, yenza imisebenzi ethile esidlekeni, kepha uma kunesidingo, izinyosi ezincane ezibambisene, ngokwesibonelo, ekondleni izingane, zithathwa ukuletha umpe esidlekeni.
Ngokwengqungquthela, izinyosi ezisebenzayo zihlukaniswe izinyosi nasensimini. Amabhubesi ngabantu abasebasha abangakafinyeleli eminyakeni eyi-3, yibona abenza wonke umsebenzi odinga ukwenziwa ukunakekela isidleke baphakele izingane. Abantu abadala baphathiswe umsebenzi wokuhambisa umpe namanzi baye emakhaya abo.
Uyini "umndeni wezinyosi"?
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, umndeni wezinyosi kufanele ube nesibeletho esi-1 esivundile, kusuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuya kwengama-80 abantu abasebenzayo, ama-drones ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1-2 kanye nama-brood kusuka kuma-8 kuya kwayi-9 ozimele. Uhlaka lonke kufanele lube ngu-12. Ukuthenga iphakethe lezinyosi kubhekwe njengeyona ndlela elula yokuthuthukisa umndeni wezinyosi. Ngokusho kwe-GOST 20728-75, ukwakheka kwayo kufanele kufake:
- izinyosi - 1,2 kg
- ozimele be-brood (300 mm) - okungenani ama-2 ama-PC.,
- inyosi yendlovukazi - 1 pc.,
- okuphakelayo - 3 kg
- ukupakisha izinto zokuhamba.
Yabelwa kanjani imithwalo yemfanelo phakathi kwabantu bomndeni wezinyosi
Emikhakheni yezinyosi, isikhundla esiqinile siyahlonishwa. Ukuhamba komsebenzi, ngokugeleza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesifuba, kusatshalaliswa ngokuqinile ngeminyaka. Izinyosi ezincane, ezineminyaka engadluli ku-10, wonke umsebenzi womndeni esidlekeni uwa:
- balungiselela amaseli wamahhala ngezinsimbi zokubekwa kweqanda elisha (kuhlanzekile, kuphekwe),
- gcina okushisa okufudumele kwengane yakho, ngenkathi behlala ngaphezulu kwamafreyimu noma bahambe kancane nabo.
Izinsana zinakekelwa umhlengikazi wezinyosi. Abantu bangena kulesi simo ngemuva kokuthi sebakhe i-gland ekhethekile ekhiqiza ijeli ebukhosini. Izindlala zokudla zitholakala ekhanda. I-Perga iyinto eluhlaza yokwenziwa yokwenza ijeli lasebukhosini. Umhlengikazi wakhe udonsa kakhulu.
Drones mate nesibeletho ngaphandle esidlekeni. Le nqubo yenzeka ngesikhathi sendiza. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwesitokisi kuze kube ukuthomba kuthatha cishe amasonto ama-2. Ngesikhathi sokukhanya kwemini, ama-drones avuthiwe andiza amahlandla ama-3. Isikhathi sokuqala siphakathi nosuku. Isikhathi sezindiza sifushane, cishe imizuzu engama-30.
Izinyosi zezinyosi nezisebenzi ezindizayo
Isikhundla esiqinile siyabonakala kuyo yonke imindeni yezinyosi. Yakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sesimo sezomzimba zezinyosi ezisebenzayo, ezinqunywa ngeminyaka yazo. Ngokusho kwalesi sikhundla, bonke abasebenzi bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-2:
Iningi labantu abangabonakali ukundiza banezinsuku eziyi-14 kuya kwezingu-20 ubudala; asebekhulile bayingxenye yeqembu lezinyosi ezindizayo. Izinsuku ezingama-3-5, izinyosi ezisebenza esidlekeni zishiya ukuhamba okufushane, lapho amathumbu ehlanza ngokuhlanzwa.
Indima yenyosi esebenzayo
Njengoba sesifinyelele ezinsukwini ezi-3 zeminyaka, izinyosi ezisencane ziyadla, ziphumule futhi zibambe iqhaza ekunakekelweni kwezingane. Ngalesi sikhathi, bashisa izingane ngaphandle kwemizimba. Ukukhula, umuntu osebenzayo uba umsulwa.
Isibeletho singabeka amaqanda kumaseli ahlanzekile, alungiselelwe. Ukusebenzela amaseli aphumile kungumsebenzi wabahlanza. Inani lemisebenzi yokulungisa amaseli liwela phezu kwalo:
- ukuhlanza
- ipolisoli lokupholisa
- okumanzi ngamathe.
Amantombazane okuhlanza aphatha izinambuzane ezifile, isinkwa sezinyosi ezibolile, nokunye ukungcola. Ukusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-18 zokuphila, umuntu osebenzayo wethosi lezinyosi uba umhlengikazi nomakhi. Unesi-inyosi kufanele abe seduze nesiboshwa. Upha amalungu omndeni ukudla. Impilo yama-larvae, isibeletho kanye nama-drones asanda kubopha amaseli aboshwe wezinyosi ezisencane kuya ngomhlengikazi.
Imisebenzi yezinyosi esidlekeni ifaka:
- ukukhiqiza uju kusuka kumpetha,
- isusa umswakama obedlula umpe,
- ukugcwaliswa kwezinyosi,
- ukumisa amaseli ngentambo.
Esikhathini esiningi sezimpilo zabo ezimfushane, izinyosi ezisebenzayo ziqoqa umpe nephole kusuka koloni lezinyosi. Umuntu oba yisikhethi, esefinyelele eminyakeni engu-15 ukuya ku-20.
Zakhiwa kanjani izinyosi?
Ekufuyweni kwezinyosi, ama-brood aqondwa njengokuhlanganiswa kwamaqanda, izibungu kanye ne-pupae. Ngemuva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi, izinyosi ziyaqhuma kuzo. Idivaysi (ukukhiqizwa kabusha) kwamakoloni enyosi kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Kwamaqanda isibeletho esiwafake esitokisini sezinyosi, izibungu ngosuku.
Badla kakhulu izinsuku eziyisithupha. Esikhathini esifushane, isisindo saso ngasinye sikhuphuka ngezikhathi ezingama-500. Lapho izibungu zifinyelela usayizi oludingekayo, ziyeka ukuzondla.Ukungena kuzindawo zezinyosi ezisebenza esitokisini zivaliwe nge-wax.
Ngaphambi kokuba siphenduke isilokazane esidala esigcwele, kudlula izinsuku ezithile. Unodoli oboshwe uphawu uhlohla ukhukhunathi uqobo lwalo. Isigaba se-Pupa sihlala:
- ama-drones - izinsuku eziyi-14,
- Kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12 ukwakha izinyosi ezisebenzayo,
- ngaphambi kokuvela kwesibeletho, kudlula izinsuku eziyi-9.