I-bream ibilokhu iyindondo ekhangayo kakhulu kubadobi. Ingabanjwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuthi ukudotshwa kwama-bream kujabulise ngokwengeziwe. Ekunambithekeni kwenyama ka-bream ayikwazi ukukhuluma.

Kuwo wonke ama-cyprinid, yiwo amnandi kakhulu. Futhi ubilamu othosiwe noma obhakisiwe awunakulingana nazo zonke izinhlanzi ezinamanzi amasha.

Incazelo

I-bream yiyona kuphela inhlanzi yohlobo lwe-bream evela emndenini we-carp. Ibhulamu inomzimba ophakeme, kamuva ocindezelwe, enezikali ezincane, ne-anal fin ende, lapho kusuka kuma-ray angama-24 kuye kwangama-30 aqukethe amagatsha.

I-Caudal fin nge-lobe ephansi ende. Ikhanda kanye namehlo wolu bomvu mancane, umlomo uyabuyiselwa. Umbala womzimba ungwevu omnyama, uhlangothi lwe-ventral lukhanya, amaphiko grey, kuyilapho ama-pectoral, i-ventral, nama-analins kwesinye isikhathi kube ne-tint ebomvu.

Umbala ungashintsha ngokuya ngendawo, lapho iminyaka iba mnyama.

Umbala we-bream uncike ezimfanelweni zezindawo zokugcina: kwezinye - izinhlangothi zomthunzi wawo o-silvery-mnyama, kwezinye - i-silvery-yellowish. Amaphiko amnyama grey, amachibi ama-dorsal amafushane futhi aphezulu, futhi amaphini angaphambi kwecaudal mide futhi acishe abe mancane.

Kayikho inhlanzi eyodwa enamanzi ahlanzekile enomzimba omude njengokubhula. Ama-husters kuphela futhi anengxenye emhlophe ngokwengxenye afana naye, kepha akafinyeleli isisindo esiningi.

I-Bream - inhlanzi engezansi. Idla ikakhulu izibungu zamanzi ezahlukahlukene, zonke izinhlobo zama-crustaceans, kodwa ikakhulukazi kuma-bloodworms, futhi ayizideleli amahlumela amasha e-algae.

Ukwakheka komlomo we-bream kumvumela ukuthi adonse izindebe zakhe azishubele ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Lokhu kumnika ithuba lokuthola ukudla kusuka ku-sludge kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-6 cm ukujikisa izindebe zakhe, adonse umlomo onamanzi, bese ewaphonsa ku-sludge ngokusakaza okuqinile, akuhlanze, bese ethatha izibungu ezivela ku-sludge.

Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala ubhulamu

I-bream ihlala emigodini ye-Baltic, Black, Caspian ne North North. Kutholakala emachibi amaningi aseKarelia, eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga nasezingxenyeni zaseYurophu zaseRussia. Ngokuvamile kutholakala emizimbeni yamanzi emazweni e-CIS.

Emachibini ase-Urals naseSiberia aseNtshonalanga, bahlukanisa ngokwezifiso. Kutholakala e-Iset naseTobol. Musa ukugwema amanzi olwandle.

Enyakatho, ubhululu bufinyelela emgodini woLwandle Olumhlophe nasempumalanga yoLwandle iBarents (Umfula i-Pechora), kutholakala emzimbeni wamanzi aseSiberia (Lake Ubinskoe, River Ob), Kazakhstan (Lake Balkhash nabanye).

I-bream ithanda amanzi afudumele azolile anesihlabathi-esinesihlabathi nobumba futhi ngenxa yalokho kuvame kakhulu emikhondweni yomfula, emachibini. Ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Dnieper, Don, Volga kanye nasenyakatho ye-Aral Sea, lo mkhuba wenza amafomu amabili - indawo yokuhlala kanye ne-semi-aisle.

Izinhlobo ezinemisipha zidla olwandle, futhi ngenxa yokuqhakaza kuqhamuke umfula. Imihlambi yohlobo lwe-Don ne-Aral iningi kakhulu. In I-Aral Sea Delta kunefomu lesithathu - ummbila omncane womhlanga, futhi use-Ili River Delta.

Ngokuvamile ibhulamu libuthana emihlambini emikhulu. Uthanda izindawo ezinesivalo esibuthakathaka, simi emigodini ejulile, ngasemuva, eziphepheni emabhange asemaweni, eduze kwemigibe eshisiwe noma emaphethelweni amatshe, njll.

Ikakhulu izinhlanzi eziningi ziqoqa ngaphezu kwamadamu namadamu. Lezi zindawo ziheha ubhiya ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemijikelezo eqinile, ukujula okwanele namabhulogi wezingodo, imvamisa eziphethwe ngamadamu. Ibhulamu lithanda isisekelo sobumba esimbozwe ngosilika.

Emachibini, amachibi nasezindongeni kugcinwa kude kude nolwandle. Butholakala nezinsalela ezincane phakathi kwezihlahlana zamanzi.

Umfuzi uqobo ukhombisa kumphambanisi indawo yakhe yokupaka, edlala ebusweni bamanzi ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukudlala kwakhe kuyisimo. Umfutho ngaphandle komsindo noshaka uzokhombisa ukuthi uphelile, uyiveza emanzini, futhi, njengokungathi uyawa, uzongena ekujuleni, ushiye umbuthano ophambukayo ngaphezulu.

Udlala kaningi esimweni sezulu esizolile. Izindawo eziseduzane ze "ancibilike" kufanele zidliswe futhi zibanjwe. Uma i-bream idlala, khona-ke emva kwalokho kuvame ukuthatha kahle.

Ngemuva kwezimvula ezinamandla zasehlobo, ubhekeni, ufuna ukudla, usondela emabhange. Udla kakhulu ebusuku, esuka emgodini uya emijondolo.

Ubudala nosayizi

Ibhawoti ikhula ngokushesha. Ubude bemikhiqizo eseyiphile iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kweli-13 ifinyelela ku-75 cm, isisindo esingu-8 kg noma ngaphezulu. Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingu-1.5 - 2,5 kg zibanjwa ngenduku ngayinye yokudoba. Izinsimbi ezincane zibizwa ngokuthi ama-scammers.

Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ikhula ngokushesha, ifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba eminyakeni engama-3-4, ubude bayo bube ngamasentimitha angama-25. Kumachibi asenyakatho namachibi kukhula kube ngokocansi eminyakeni eyi-5-8, kube nobude obuyi-30 cm noma ngaphezulu, umhlanga uvuthwa ngeminyaka emi-3, ubude 12-15 cm.

Indlela yokuphila ye-Bream

Iblue yinhlanzi enkulu futhi efunda esikoleni ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso. I-bream enkulu kunazo zonke ihlala emachibini nasezichibini, emifuleni akuvamile ukufinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kwama-4 kg. Idla lapha ekujuleni okukhulu kakhulu phansi, embozwe nge-silt futhi mahhala kwe-algae.

Ukuqala kokuqhekeka kwe-bream kuyahambisana nokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga emifino, ngesinye isikhathi kube nokuqhakaza kwayo, bese kuphela ngokuqhakaza kwezingadi. Ngemuva kokusaphaza, zidla ezindaweni ezinwebayo, zivame ukudla i-pike kanye ne-perch caviar.

Ukuqhekeka kwe-bream kuqala emazingeni okushisa wamanzi ayi-12-16 ° C, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ngoMeyi eningizimu, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ngoJuni enyakatho.

Uxhumo lwe-Semi-aisle oluvela olwandle luyakhuphuka lubhekise emifuleni futhi lubeke amaqanda emimangweni esanda kugcwala izikhukhula yezitshalo okuthiwa zibolekwe eDon, izimbobo eziseVolga.

Izimila zesilisa zivuthwa ngaphambili kunezinsikazi, nezinhlanzi ezincane ezindaweni ezinwebayo, njengomthetho, abesilisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlukaniswa kalula “ukuqhuma” kweparele ekhanda nasemaceleni omzimba.

Ukuqhekeka kwe-bream kwenzeka ngokuqhuma okunomsindo, imvamisa ekuseni kakhulu emanzini angajulile phakathi kwamathanga ezinsalela zamanzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi noma ezisanda kugcwala. I-Bream pops iphuma emanzini iwele emanzini, kuzwakale umsindo wokubhaka okusazwayo ibanga elide.

Lokhu kungenela emanzini (“ukudoba” noma i- “la-skanje”) kwakuyisizathu segama lezinhlanzi elithi “bream” noma “lash” (naseSlovakia - “Splashing”). Ukunwebeka kuqala futhi kuphelela ndawonye, ​​kaningi kuthatha usuku olulodwa, kusukela ekuseni kuze kube semini.

Emigodini yeBaltic, iCaspian, i-Azov, iBlack Seas, izihlahla eziphilayo nezifudukayo eziqubuka ngasikhathi sinye, ubusika be-Aral Sea buqhuma endaweni egcina amanzi e-Farhad ezindaweni ezithile.

Amaphaphaza besifazane, ngokwesilinganiso, amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-150 anamathele ezimileni. Ezichibini zamachibi angagugi nezindawo zokugcina, kugcinwa amabhuleki amancane, izindlwana, ezingase zithathwe caviar.

Emachibini amaningi kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza ubusika ukuqubuka. Amafutha we-Bream wezindlela ezihlukile angaba namagama akhethekile abonisa ubudlelwano phakathi nesikhathi i-bream eqala ngaso ukuvela nokuvela kwe-phenomenena, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqhuma kwe-oak kuvuleka lapho i-oki ishiya kuvuleka.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-6, izibungu ziqandusela kumaqanda abekwe.

Ezindaweni ezingenamkhawulo zolwandle lwaseningizimu, ubhululu udla ama-crustaceans: ama-mysid, ama-cumaceans, ekudleni kogodo loLwandle lwase-Azov, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polychaeta ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukudla kophondo oLwandle i-Aral kukhona ama-amphipods, izibungu ze-chironomid, ama-mollusks.

Emachibini, lo mbala udla izibungu zama-chironomids, izimpukane ze-caddis nezinye izinambuzane, ama-clam peas. Emachibini nasezichibini, isikhathi sokwanda kwephunga siseduze nalezo ezinye izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke nzalo evame ukuvela.

Inani le-bream ezitolo zokugcina ezahlukahlukene liyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kuncike ikakhulukazi ekuphumeleleni kokusakazwa. Isimo esikahle sokusaphaza ubusika ezilwandle zaseningizimu yisikhukhula esikhulu.

Ngemuva kokulawula ukugeleza kwemifula yolwandle oluseningizimu, izindawo ezivundulula ubusika zancishiswa kakhulu.

Ukugcina amasheya okugcwala asezingeni eliphakeme, sekwenziwe amapulazi akhula ngokukhula ezinwebayo, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokusindisa izingane ezinsizeni ezincane eziphelelwe ukuxhumana nomfula.

Ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi, kuvela izizukulwane eziningi zohlobo lwe-bream eminyakeni emvula. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzalaniswa kokuzalela ezindlini zokugcina amanzi, kusetshenziswa izizathu zokuntanta okusantanta.

Ukubamba ubhiya

Ukulunywa kwehlobo kwekhofi kuqala ezinsukwini eziyi-10-10 ngemuva kokuhluma futhi kuhle uma ukusatshalaliswa bekuinobungane, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Le nibble ayihlali isikhathi eside, iphetha emasontweni amabili.

Ngokusobala, ibhulamu lishintshela ekudleni okunjalo ama-angler angakakutholi ukudla okufanele. Kubonakala sengathi wondla e-algae, agweme okunye ukudla kuyo yonke le nkathi kuze kube ukuqala kwekhanda, lapho i-nibble yakhe iqala futhi izinza kuze kube sekupheleni kokufakwa kombala wamahlamvu ekwindla.

Ukuluma okuqinile kogologo kuvame ukubonwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nangasekuqaleni kwehlobo, kodwa abadobi abanolwazi bakubone kudala ukuthi izinhlanzi zokwenza ubhiya nazo ziyaluma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Noma kungumndeni wabakhileyo be-thermophilic of reservoirs, ukudoba kuwo kwesinye isikhathi kuqala ngemuva kokushwibeka kweqhwa maphakathi noma ekugcineni kuka-Ephreli, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela cishe kuma-degree angama-8-12.

Okwamanje, akakhapheli isimilo sakhe, azikho izidumbu noma okunye ukunyakaza phezu kwamanzi.

Imishini yokudoba ngokudoba ubhiya

Ngokudoba entwasahlobo, induku yokudoba ilunge kakhulu. Sikhetha induku yokudoba ngobude obungamamitha angama-4-5, umugqa wokudoba ungathathwa ungabi mncane kunawo wonke, ngoba amanzi asenodaka, ububanzi bomugqa wokudoba ngu-0.16-0.20 mm. Kungcono ukuthatha i-float for ukudoba enkambini, ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-gramu ayi-3-5.

Ukubamba ubhiya

Ngokudoba ngempumelelo ibhulamu, umdobi udinga ukwazi imikhuba yakhe, imikhuba yakhe yokudla ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, indawo yokuhlala. Babamba ubhavu ezindaweni eziyigugu, ezikhethwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Bahlala buthule ekudobeni, bazifihla.

Ukubhaqa ibhombu ngenduku yokudoba kuhlukile kokuluma ezinye izinhlanzi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngoba, njengoba abadobi besho, uqala ukukhuphulula i-float abese eyibeka emanzini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho, ukuthatha i-nozzle kusuka phansi, ibhulamu iyiphakamisa bese iqala ukuncela, bese iya ohlangothini.

Lapho ubeka isifulelo noma usishiya sijule, kufanele ukhuze. Kuyadingeka ukukopela ubhiya, yize kungenjalo ngokufungelwe, kepha ngokuqinile: izindebe zakhe zilukhuni, zomile.

Ngomzuzu wokuqala lapho ubamba ibhulamu enkulu, kubonakala sengathi igwegwe libanjiwe esigaxeni, kepha ngokushesha ibhulamu, ngemuva kwenkani elincane, iya ogwini ngaphandle kokumelana, ikhuphuka isuka emanzini, ithatha umoya, icishe imelane.

Kungcono ukukhipha ubisi nge-sucker noma i-hook, ngokushesha, kuze kube yilapho ebuye ukwazi.

Kepha ukubamba ubhule, udinga ukumondla. Ukubheja okuhle kakhulu kokwenza ubhulamu yizimpethu ezincane, amaqanda entuthwane entsha nekhekhe le-hemp, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Inyambo kufanele ibekwe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kokudoba.

Ngesikhathi sokudoba isikhashana esikebheni, esigxotsheni, okuphakelayo okubekiwe kufakwa emanzini e-kolob noma endaweni yokuphakelayo ebangeni le-3-4 m ukusuka esikebheni, futhi endaweni encane ngisho nangaphezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, baphakela izinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokudoba.

Ukondla ibhulamu akufanele kube ngokweqile, ngemuva kokudla ngokwanele iphalishi, uphizi noma amakhekhe, uyayeka ukuba nentshisekelo ngezindlela ezihlwabusayo kakhulu bese engena emgodini wakhe.

Umfutho ufuna indawo yokuhlala kusihlwa futhi usondela kaningi kaningi ngosuku. Ngobusuku obuqhakazile benyanga, ubhululu lungabanjwa ekuhlanganyeleni uma ukuntanta kubonakala emanzini. Ebusuku, ibhulamu livame ukubanjwa lapho liphansi.

Isikhathi sokubamba ubhiya phakathi nosuku kuya ngezimo eziningi. Ukuhlangenwe nakho kuphela nokubukwayo komdobi kuzomtshela ukuthi lo mbala uvela nini ekudleni nokuthi uzodoba nini.

Isimo sezulu esikahle kakhulu sokudotshwa kwama-bream yizinsuku ezifudumele ezinomoya omncane waseningizimu-ntshonalanga noma waseningizimu. Izimvula ezifudumele, ezidlulayo azilimazi ukudoba. Ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibi nomoya obandayo osenyakatho nangasenyakatho-mpumalanga, kungenzeka ukuthi ubhusha londle.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokudoba ubhiya ehlobo: ngenduku yokudoba yasehlobo, i-mormyshka, i-wiring, i-donka. Ukuze ubambe ubhule, induku kufanele ibe yinde, iguquguquke futhi ihlale isikhathi eside: ama-angler ngokuvamile apenda aluhlaza okotshani.

Bathatha induku ende ukuze baphonse i-nozzle ngokuqhubekayo, ngoba ubhekeni kuyinhlanzi eqaphile futhi ayifanele ekujuleni okujulile eduze nolwandle noma esikebheni.

Umugqa wokudoba onobubanzi obungu-0,2 - 0,3 mm upendiwe ukufanisa umbala wenhlabathi. Ukuntanta kuthatha isimo esidlulileko, kukhethelo kusuka ku-feather feather.

Isisindo emgqeni wokudoba ubhulamu ubekwa u-3-4 cm kusuka kubhuku, ngoba lapho isisindo sikude ne-hook, ukulunywa kofihla akunakubonwa. Hook inombolo 7 - 8.5, bukhali.

Ngimema wonke umuntu ukuthi azokhuluma Amazwana. Ngikwamukela futhi ngiyakwamukela ukugxekwa nokushintshwa kwesipiliyoni. Kumazwana amahle ngigcina isixhumanisi esizeni sombhali!

Futhi ungakhohlwa, chofoza izinkinobho zokuxhumana nomphakathi, ezitholakala ngaphansi kombhalo wekhasi ngalinye lesiza.
Ukuqhubeka lapha ...

Ukubukeka

Umzimba uphakeme, ukuphakama okuphezulu kucishe kube yingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba. Ikhanda nomlomo kuncane. Umlomo uphela ngeshubhu engakhula. I-dorsal fin mude futhi imfishane ngemisebe emithathu eqinile, enganqunyelwe futhi imisebe engama-8-10 ethambile. I-anal fin yinde ngemisebe ethambile emithathu neyama-22- 29, iqala ngale komngcele ongasemuva wesisekelo se-dorsal fin. Phakathi kwamaphiko we-ventral ne-anal fin kukhona i-keel engatholakali. Amazinyo e-Pharyngeal aqondile-amahlanu, amahlanu ohlangothini ngalunye.

Ubhulamu obudala bunomhlane ompunga noma onsundu, izinhlangothi ezigolide-nsundu, isisu ophuzi, wonke amaphiko grey grey anemiphetho emnyama. Kubantu abasha, umbala uyisiliva.

Ubude bomzimba obukhulu buyi-82 cm, isisindo singama-6 kg, kanti ubude besikhathi sobomi yiminyaka engama-23.

Indlela yokuphila

I-bream igcinwa ngamaqembu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezijulile ezigcotshwe izitshalo. Uqaphile futhi uhlakaniphile.

Ijamo lomlomo we-convex lilungele ukuthola ukudla kusilika oluthambile. Ama-larvae feed kwi-zooplankton. Fry, lapho ifinyelela kubude obungu-30 mm, ishintshela ekudleni kuma-benthos. Idla izibungu zezinambuzane, amaphuphu amabhubhu, amagobolondo neminenke. Kungadla ne-algae.

I-Bream ingabuthana emihlambini emikhulu, ikakhulukazi kumachibi amakhulu noma emifudlaneni eqinile. Imihlambi enjalo ihlanza izigaba ezingezansi kwezindawo zokugcina ngaphandle komkhondo bese iqhubekela phambili ngesibindi, ishiya ngemuva "kwemigwaqo" ecocekile. Ukunyakaza okunjalo kulula ukukuqaphela ngamabhamuza we-pop-up Swamp gesi akhishwa lapho iphakethe le-bream “lifiphela” enye ingxenye engezansi.

Ubusika ubusika ezindaweni ezijulile. Ukuphila emilonyeni yeVolga ngokwengxenye ebusika olwandle, ingxenye ingena emfuleni.

Ukuzala

Umfutho ufinyelela ekukhuleni uneminyaka emi-3 kuye kwengama-4. Ukusakazeka kuhlale kwenzeka emifuzeni enotshani, emaphethelweni angajulile, futhi kwenzeka ngesikhala esikhulu. Okwesilisa ngalesi sikhathi emzimbeni kwakha amashubhu amancane amaningi amfushane, amhlophe qhwa, bese kuba yilombala ophuzi. Isikhathi esichithwa enkabeni nasenyakatho neRussia asikho ekuqaleni kwezinsuku zokuqala zikaMeyi, eningizimu kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli. Inkambo yokudonswa kwempahla iye eVolga kusuka olwandle iqala ngoFebhuwari ngaphansi kweqhwa, futhi inkambo enkulu yakhona iba maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ukuzala kusuka emaqanda angama-92 kuya kwangama-338. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuqhakaza cishe ngu-21 ° C. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, abesilisa bakha izindawo lapho izinsikazi zivela khona. I-hry hatch ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyi-12 futhi inamathele ezitshalweni zasemanzini ngemfihlo ekhethekile. Zihlala zinamathele kuze kube yilapho i-yolk isetshenziswa ngokuphelele.

Ukusatshalaliswa

Lo mbala utholakala eCentral naseNyakatho Yurophu emigodini yasenyakatho, iBaltic, iCaspian, iMnyama ne-Azov Seas), kutholakala eSiberia emaphethelweni emifula ye-Ob, Irtysh neYenisei. Ngeminyaka yama-1930s, kwethulwa ama-Trans-Ural Lakes. Kukhona oLwandle i-Aral, eLake Balkhash naseSyr Darya engezansi. ENyakatho Ekude naseningizimu yensimu ye-USSR yangaphambili akuyona. Kwi-Northern Dvina, ayiningi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ingene lapha ngeziteshi ezivela ohlelweni lweVolga. ETranscaucasia, itholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezimbalwa (eduzane neLankaran kanye neLake Paleostomi, kanye naseMingachevir reservoir). Ihlala echibini lamachibi, amachibi, imifula, amadamu kanye namanzi ashibhile olwandle lweCaspian, i-Aral ne-Azov.

Inani lokudoba

Izinhlobo zezentengiso ezibalulekile. Ukubanjwa komhlaba kufinyelele kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-62.9 ngonyaka ka-1999. Ukubanjwa okuphezulu kakhulu e-USSR ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1930s kwakungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-120, futhi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, ukubanjwa kwasekhaya kwakuhlukahluka kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25 kuye kwangama-32.Ukudoba okuphambili emifuleni nasemachibini kwenziwa ngemigwaqo nangezinyathelo, nasolwandle ngezigxobo ezingaguquki namanetha ahleliwe.

Kuthengiswa ngefomu elomile, elibhemayo, elisha ne-ayisikhilimu. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwenza ukudla okusemathinini.

Izinhlanzi zohlobo lwezinhlamvu zingolunye uhlobo

Bhizi - Lesi indondo eyamukelekile kubo bonke abadobi, ithatha indawo yokuhlonipha ekubambeni kwezokudoba kwezemidlalo. Amasayizi amakhulu amakhulu abantu ngamunye kanye nekhono lokuthola ukubhula ngonyaka wonke enza ukudoba kujabulise kakhulu. Uma engxenyeni ephakathi yezwe lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lubizwa ngokuthi yi-bream, khona-ke ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeRussia baziwa njenge-kilka noma i-chebaki. Inyama ebunjiwe ihlukaniswa ngobuthakathaka bayo, ukunambitheka okubucayi, inani elikhulu lamafutha acid futhi ithatha indawo efanelekile ekuphekeni.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Uhlobo lwe-bream luhlobo lwe-monotopic, okuwukuphela kokumelwa kohlobo lohlobo oluhlukile lomndeni ovela emndenini omkhulu wama-cyprinid. Ibhulamu ingeyenhlanzi ekhazimulayo, imfucumfucu yasendulo okungokwesikhathi sesithathu sePaleozoic, futhi lokhu sekuyiminyaka engaba yizigidi ezine edlule.

Ividiyo: Bhizi

Ngaphandle kokuhluka kohlobo, ama-ichthyologists athi zinhlobo eziyi-16 zezinhlanzi kuwo, kepha ngamaqembu ezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela asindile kuze kube namuhla:

Zonke zihlukile komunye nomunye ngosayizi bazo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo mbhele uyisisulu esamukelekayo kubo bonke abadobi, abaningi babo ngephutha bathatha lo msele omncane ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlukile baze bawubiza ngegama lokuthi - umkhonyovu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhula okuncane kunokubukeka okuhlukile okuhlukile kunabantu abadala. Ku-ichthyology, igama elinjengokuthi umkhonyovu alikho. Abadobi abangenalwazi bavame ukuhlanganisa ubusha abasebasha nge-bream, okubuye kungowomndeni wama-cyprinid futhi kube nokuhluka okuncane kwangaphandle okuvela endaweni engaphansi.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi lo mbala unamakhaza amaningi futhi unenyama eyomile, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezilwaneni ezisencane, nenyama yabantu abadala kubhekwe cishe namafutha njenge-beluga futhi kungaqukatha amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili kwamafutha aphilile.

Uhlala kuphi lo msele?

Photo: Bream eRussia

Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luhlala ngamanani amakhulu emifuleni, emachibini, ezindaweni zokugcina ezinesihlabathi noma isilika. Indawo yabo yemvelo ihlanganisa izisekelo zoMnyama, iCaspian, i-Azov, iBaltic, i-Aral, iBarents kanye nama-White Seas.

Emilonyeni yemifula emikhulu emikhulu egeleza engena kulezi zolwandle, indlela yohlobo lwe-boram ehlala ngendlela ephakathi nendawo ihlala imifula ukuze iphaphalaze. Emifuleni esezintabeni eziphakeme, amachibi eCaucasus, akwenzeki kanjalo nasemazweni aseningizimu yeCIS. I-cream iyinhlanzi ejwayelekile yaseNyakatho naseCentral Europe, North Asia naseNyakatho Melika.

Ibhulamu lincamela ukuba semizimbeni yamanzi lapho kunesimo esibuthakathaka khona noma asikho nhlobo. Kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemuva, kwizimbobo ezijulile. Abantu abadala akuvami ukuthi basondele ogwini, bahlala kude nebanga lolwandle. Intsha ithanda amanzi asogwini, lapho icasha khona emahlathini asogwini. Ubusika bugoba emigodini ejulile, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zivela emifuleni ziye olwandle.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukudoba ama-Bream kungenzeka unyaka wonke, okuhlukile kuyisikhathi sokuqalwa. Ibanjwa emanzini avulekile ngenkathi efudumele futhi ivela eqhweni ezinyangeni zobusika. IZhor iqala ekuqaleni kukaJuni futhi iqhubeke kuze kube phakathi kwehlobo, bese iqala futhi futhi ngoSepthemba. Ngezikhathi ze-zhora, ama-pecks e-bream nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi itholakala kuphi inhlanzi yohlobo lwebhokhwe. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Ngabe udlani ubusi?

Umfutho ungondla ngqo usuka ezansi ledamu ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile somlomo waso. Abantu abadala bamphuca ngokoqobo udaka noma inhlabathi enesihlabathi beyofuna ukudla futhi esikhathini esifushane, imihlambi emikhulu yebhulamu iyakwazi ukususa ngokuphelele izindawo ezibalulekile zesikhala esingezansi. Ukuhamba kwebhula ngesikhathi sokudla kukhipha inqwaba yamabhamuza omoya akhuphukela phezulu esuka phansi.

Njengoba le nhlanzi inamazinyo obuthakathaka obuthakathaka bokudla, ukudla okujwayelekile yilezi: amagobolondo, i-algae, ama-invertebrates amancane, ama-bloodworms, iminenke nezibungu zezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Ngesikhathi sokudla, ibhulamu idonsa amanzi kanye nokudla, okuyilapho ibambezeleka ngosizo lokuphuma okhethekile. Indlela eyingqayizivele yokondla ivumele lo mmeleli womndeni we-cyprinid ukuba abe izidalwa ezivelele endaweni yemvelo futhi abeke kakhulu indawo yokuzalanisa, ukugoqa nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemfuleni.

Ebusika, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yayo yesibili, lo msele awusebenzi, udla kakhulu futhi kancane. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ukushoda komoya-mpilo kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi kwamanzi, kanye nokuqongelelwa kwamagesi ahlukahlukene ngaphansi kweqhwa, okuthi ke lapho kuchithwa kancane emanzini.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ibhulamu yabantu abadala, eseiphile iminyaka eli-10-15, ingathola isisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-8 ubude bomzimba wamasentimitha angama-75. Emanzini afudumele, izinga lokukhula liphakeme kakhulu kunasemanzini abandayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abahlala emifuleni abatholi isisindo esiningi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Bream emanzini

I-cream yinhlanzi yenhlalo eqoqana ngamaqembu amakhulu. Ekhanda lomhlambi kuhlala abantu abakhulu abakhulu abahlanganisa ukunyakaza. Ngenkathi efudumele, imihlambi yezinhlanzi isezindaweni ezinamaphethelo abuthakathaka noma amanzi amile futhi idla cishe njalo. Njengoba ubusika buyisidalwa esinamahloni futhi esiqaphelayo, kujulile ngesikhathi sasemini, ebusuku inani elikhulu labantu ligijimela lapho liyofuna ukudla, futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho kuthathwa njengokulungele ukudoba

Bachitha ekwindla nasekujuleni kobusika emigodini “ebusika”, futhi lapho nje iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika, ubisi luya ezindaweni lapho luphakelwe khona. I-bream ihlala ihlala ezindaweni zabo zobusika ngendlela ehlelekile. Bonke abantu abakhulu bahlala ezindaweni ezijulile, amasampula amancane atholakala ephakeme futhi ngasikhathi sinye izinhlanzi zibonakala zilungiswa ngosayizi.

Ama-Ichthyologists akholelwa ukuthi inhlangano ekhethekile ebusika ayikhethwe ngengozi. Ngaleli-oda lokubekwa, izinqubo ze-metabolic ezilwanywini zezinhlanzi azinamandla kangako kunasebusika bodwa, okusho ukuthi amandla namandla ayagcinwa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinhlobo ezihleliwe zikamoya ezingalokothi zithuthele kwezinye izidumbu zamanzi ukuthola noma ukondla zingaphila iminyaka engama-30. Ifomu elinezelwe linomjikelezo wokuphila amahlandla amabili amafushane.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Bream emanzini

Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, amabhele avuthwa ngokocansi ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Ezindaweni ezifudumele ezineminyaka engama-3-5, emanzini abandayo, ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-6-9. Isimo sezulu siphinde sithinte ukuqala kokukhula kweziqongo: enkabeni yezwe, ukuqhekeka kwamabele kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kwesinye isikhathi ngoJuni, eningizimu ngo-Ephreli, nasenyakatho kuphela ngoJulayi.

Lapho kuqala isikhathi esibalulekile, abesilisa bashintsha umbala wabo ube mnyama, futhi kuqhume izigaxa ezithile ezifana nama warts amancane ekhanda labo. Umhlambi werabha uhlukaniswe waba ngamaqembu ahlukeneko ngokuya ngeminyaka. Umhlambi wonke awusuki masinyane lapho uhlanza, kodwa ngamaqembu ngokulandelana. Ngayinye yazo iqhuma ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-5, ngokuya ngezimo zezulu zezulu. Ngenxa yezizathu ezinwebekayo, kukhethwa izindawo ezingashoni ezinemifino eningi. Kulula ukubona izinhlobo zemifino evuthiwe - iziwula zazo ezifucekile, ezinkulu zivame ukubonakala phezu kwamanzi. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi iyiphi indawo yokuhlala ye-bream kanye nesimo sezulu, ukuqhakaza kuhlala okungenani inyanga.

Umuntu oyedwa omdala uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150 ngasikhathi. Izinsikazi zibopha imichilo nge-caviar ephuzi kuyiwa olhaleni, nalezo ezingakwazi ukunamathiselwa ukuntanta ebusweni futhi zidliwe yizinhlanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-8, kuvela izibungu bese kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga sekuvele uFry. Uma amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kwama-degree ayi-10, khona-ke ukubulawa kwesisindo samaqanda kungabonakala.

Ekuqaleni, uFry ubhukuda nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisencane kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane, kuthi lapho kuphela ihlobo noma ziwe ziwele ezikoleni ezinkulu. Bahlala njalo bafuna ukudla futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa bakhula babe ngamasentimitha ayishumi ubude. Ezindaweni ezinwebayo, ziyohlala kuze kube sentwasahlobo, bese kuthi abantu abadala ngemuva kokuphothula kwenqubo ebalulekile baye ekujuleni futhi, njengoba begula, baqale ukuphinda bondle.

Izitha zemvelo zokubhula

Ama-Bream Fry maningi amathuba okuthi aphile ekuqaleni komjikelezo wawo wokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlanzi ezincane zezinye izinhlanzi, njengoba zibonakaliswa ukukhula okuphezulu nezinga lokuthuthuka. Kungunyaka wokuqala noma emibili emva kokuzalwa lapho abantu abasha besengozini enkulu futhi ingadliwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, njengamapikili. Ngesikhathi zineminyaka emithathu ubudala, cishe azisongelwa lutho, kepha ama-catfish noma abantu abakhulu abangamaphayiphu angaphansi angakwazi ukuhlasela ngempumelelo imihlambi yabantu abadala.

Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, lolu hlobo oluyingqayizivele lusongelwa izinhlobo ezithile zezimuncagazi, ezihlala ngokugcwala emizimbeni yokubhula. Angena emanzini kanye nezicubu zezinyoni ezahlukahlukene ezidla inhlanzi, bese kuthi, kanye nokudla, azithole engaphakathi kovalo. Ukuthuthuka emathunjini ezinhlanzi, izimuncagazi kungadala ukufa kwabantu abadala abanamandla.

Izinhlanzi ikakhulukazi zihlupheka nazo ezinyangeni zasehlobo, lapho amanzi ezitofini afudunyezwa yilanga ngokwanele. Kuyingozi kakhulu ngabathengi besawoti kanye nesifo sokukhunta kwama-gill - bronchodiosis. Abantu abagulayo, ababuthakathaka bayeka ukudla ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi bavame ukuba inyamazane yezokugcotshwa kwamachibi - amankonyane, amapayipi amakhulu. Yize kukhona ukulimala okubangelwa yizinambuzane, azinawo umthelela omkhulu usayizi wommeleli womndeni we-cyprinid.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Ibhulamu elijwayelekile

Inani eliphelele lebhulamu lingahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinga lempumelelo yokuqhuma. Isimo esikhulu sokusakazeka yisikhukhula esikhulu. Muva nje, kuye kwehla isibalo seziza zemvelo zokunwebeka, okungeke nje kuthinte inani lokukhula kwesibalo sabantu balezi zinhlobo.

Kodwa ngenxa ye-fecundity ephezulu kakhulu kanye nesivinini esisheshayo sokuthuthuka kwezilwane ezisencane, inani elincane lezitha endaweni yemvelo, inani elijwayelekile lommeli oyingqayizivele yohlobo lwe-bream, akukho lutho olusongela manje futhi isimo salo sizinzile. Kuphela yibhuleki iBlack Amur, ebhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, esengozini.

Ukudoba ama-bream manje kuncane. Kwenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo, isikhathi sekwindla. Imithetho ekhona yokudoba ihlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwabantu abasemqoka bokwedlula zonke. Ukuze kugcinwe amasheya ezinhlanzi ezidayiswayo, kudotshwe izindlela zokudoba ezikhethekile, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuhlenga ubhululu abasebasha ezitolo ezingajulile ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana nemifula emikhulu. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuqhekeka okuthe xaxa, kusetshenziswa izizathu zokuntanta ezintanta.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ibream iyinhlanzi enokuthula futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela engabonisa imikhuba yokuphinga, isabela kuma-spinner nasemiholweni, ngakho-ke ukudoba ngentonga yokuqhuma akuvame ukuletha imiphumela.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-Bream

Photo: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani u-bream?

Uma isiphetho sabantu bokubhula okuvamile singadali ukukhathazeka phakathi kochwepheshe, khona-ke ubuhlalu obumnyama base-Amur busondele ekuqothulweni futhi bubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia. Ezweni lethu, lihlala inani elincane kuphela kubheshu le-Amur. Njengamanje, ubukhulu obuqondile abaziwa, kepha kuyaqabukela kakhulu lapho kudotshwa ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubhula luvuthwa ngokocansi kuphela ngeminyaka eyi-7-8 futhi luhlala cishe iminyaka eyi-10.

Izizathu eziphambili zokwehla kwenombolo ye-cupid emnyama:

• ukubanjwa okuqinile ezindaweni ezivulekile ezitholakala engxenyeni yeChina ye-Amur,
• izimo ezingezinhle zokusakazeka ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi koMfula i-Amur.

Kusukela eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili edlule, ukudotshwa kwalolu hlobo lwamakhemikhali endaweni yaseRussia kungavunyelwe, kuvikelwe ezindaweni eziningi zemvelo. Ukubuyisela inani labantu, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza kabusha ezimeni zokufakelwa, i-cryopreservation of genomes.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma ezweni lethu, utshani i-carp luhlobo olusengozini yokuhlala olunendawo encane kakhulu, khona-ke eChina kuyinto yokudoba. Ngenxa yamanani ayo okukhula okuphezulu, ibilokhu isetshenziswa "njengezinhlanzi zasekhaya": ukukhula okuncane kusuka emizimbeni yamanzi yemvelo kuthuthela emachibini noma echibini, lapho ikhule ngokuphepha isayizi edingekayo.

Bhizi Kuyathandwa hhayi nje kuphela kubadobi, kepha futhi naphakathi kwama-gourmet - abathandi bezinhlanzi, njengoba inyama yayo inoshukela, ithe xaxa ukunambitheka futhi inothe kakhulu emafutheni aphilile. Uma kufiswa, imfucumfucu ingafakwa echibini ngasekhishini lakubo, ukuhlinzeka umndeni wabo ngomthombo ongapheli womkhiqizo olusizo.

Ukuziphatha kanye nokudla komusi

Ibhulamu ithanda ukuhlala emachibini afudumele kahle, ukufinyelela imifula ephansi, amanzi asemuva, futhi ingaphila emanzini anosawoti omncane. Izinhlanzi zithanda ukubhukuda eduze nogu phakathi nosuku, kodwa ziyafuduka phakathi nosuku zifuna ukudla. Ebusuku, amabhulashi abhukuda angena ezindaweni ezijulile zedamu. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala ngamaqembu amancane.

Umlomo we-bream mncane futhi u-tubular, kepha ngenxa yokuhamba kwawo, izinhlanzi zingadla ama-gastropod nama-bivalve, izibungu, izibungu, kanye nezitshalo. Uma kunokudla kungenele, inhlanzi esele iphakeme futhi iyisicaba.

Umzimba we-bream unesimo esithambile.

Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokulindelwa kwempilo

Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kokuqalwa kwabesilisa kwenzeka eneminyaka emine, kwabesifazane unyaka olandelayo.

Ukuzala kusakazeka kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nokunwebeka kuthatha inyanga nenyanga. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elidingekayo ekusakazeni kufanele libe ngama-degree ayi-11-17. Ochwepheshe bathole ukuthi ukukhuphuka okuthe xaxa kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi echibini kuya kuma-degrees angama-22, kanye nokwehla kwawo aze afike ku-9 degrees, kungaholela kokungalungi okuningana kuFry.

Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuhlanza bembozwe ngenani elikhulu lamashubhu amancane, nombala wesikali ushintsha ube mhlophe, bese kuba i-amber. Ubhulamu buqhuma eduze kogu, futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokusaphaza kuyashiya izindawo ezijulile. Lezi zinhlanzi ziqubuka ezikoleni zonke futhi zizwakala kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye. I-caviar egeza-inamathela ngeziqu nezimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini futhi ivuthwe kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-5-9. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inhlanzi eyodwa yowesifazane yalolu hlobo ingazalela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ukuya kwangama-200.

Izinhlobo zezinsikazi zesifazane zanda kakhulu.

I-cream yinhlanzi ehlala isikhathi eside. Abamele lolu hlobo bangaphila iminyaka engama-20.

Ukudoba

I-Bream yinhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu yentengiso ethandwa abadobi. Izitsha eziningi zingalungiswa kusuka ku-bream: zibilisiwe, zibheme, zomiswe futhi zibilisiwe.

Umbila unamahloni futhi uyaqaphela. Ukuze wenze ukudoba kube kuhle, ubhekeni usuthiswa ngosuku olungaphambi kokudoba, futhi ngqo lapho udoba. U-Bread upheka kahle izibungu, omhlophe, ufulawa kanye nezikelemu zezimbungulu, izimpethu, kanye nasemikhakheni yemvelo yezitshalo: ipasta, inhlama, ilayisi, amazambane, uphizi, ummbila kanye nezinhlamvu ezinamafutha.

Ukudoba ngobisi kungumsebenzi othokozisayo.

I-Bream thatha ngokucophelela i-bait, ngakho-ke, lapho udoba le nhlanzi udinga ukuqaphela. Kuyadingeka ukukala ukujula endaweni ngayinye yokudoba, ngoba impumelelo ibangelwa ukubalwa okuqondile kokujula.

Lapho uluma, i-float ayishoni, kodwa ingena endaweni ethe xaxa. Uma inhlanzi ithatha isithiyo sokudla, bese iyiphonsa ngokuzumayo, lapho-ke kufanele uye endaweni lapho inhlanzi ithuthe khona ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapho uzungeza, udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha: dabula ubusi kusuka phansi futhi ususe kule ndawo ukuze ukusabela kwalo kungangesabisi inhlanzi esele.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

I-Scavenger

I-scavenger inguluhlaza omncane, okuwukuphela kwenhlanzi yohlobo lwayo olungamalungu omndeni omkhulu wama-cyprinid. Inani elimangalisayo nokuthandwa okukho phakathi kwabadobi. Inyama emnandi, usayizi omkhulu, umsebenzi unyaka wonke, nokusatshalaliswa kwamakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina, yini enye abathandi abangafuna ukuyidoba?

Njengoba sekushiwo, i-scavenger ingumbala ofanayo, kepha ngesikhathi sokuqala kwempilo. Ukwehluka okubalulekile kwendlela yokuphila, ukudla okondlayo, kanye nokubukeka akubonwa, uma ungazinaki ezinye zezimpawu ongazihlukanisa ngazo abantu abasha. Ukuphumula - ukwakheka komzimba, indawo okukhona kuyo umlomo, amazinyo nezinsini, i-scavenger kuyefana nomzali wayo.

Incazelo ye-fish scavenger

Ngaphandle, i-scavenger iyinhlanzi ebonakalayo. Masishane ngokushesha ukwakheka komzimba wakhe.It, yize inkulu, ithambile kakhulu ukusuka ezinhlangothini. Uma izilinganiso zithathwa, khona-ke ukuphakama kusuka esiswini kuye kufinyelela phezulu kungaba cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba wonke. Isici sokuqala esihlukanisayo se-scavenger ukungabikho kwe-hump esobala, lolu hlobo oluthola phakathi nenkambo yokuphila. Amaphiko alezi zinhlobo makhulu, dorsal - ephezulu, anal - yinde. I-caudal fin nayo yinde, ihlukaniswe ngokucacile yaba phezulu nephansi, izimpaphe ezingaphansi zinde kakhulu.

Ikhanda lincane kakhulu kumuntu omkhulu kangako. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umlomo wakhe kanye namehlo akhiwe ngempumelelo kuwo. Umlomo uyathuthuka, ukuvumela ukubamba ukudla, hhayi okukhulu. Izindebe ezinwetshiwe ngamasentimitha angaphezu kwamasentimitha zikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe ukudla kwisilayidi, futhi lapho uthayipha amanzi emlonyeni wakho, inhlanzi izokhukhulula udoti ngomfula uma ufuna ukudla. Kunamazinyo amahlanu we-pharyngeal ohlangothini ngalunye, atholakala emgqeni owodwa.

Ngokuqondene nombala, kuncike ezicini ezimbili. Owokuqala isikhathi sokuphila. Isikhafu sinezikali ezimpunga noma zesiliva, futhi njengoba iminyaka iba mnyama, iba nsundu, ithola ithoni yegolide neyethusi. Isici sesibili yizimo zokuhlala. Ubumnyama bamanzi echibini lapho isikhuhla kanye nabalingani baso abadala bebhukuda khona, mnyama mnyama umbala wesikali sabo. Isibonelo, uma uqhathanisa umuntu othile echibini nasemfuleni, owokuqala uzoba mnyama. Isikali asimbozi wonke umzimba. Akekho esikhumbeni - indawo engemuva kwekhanda, naphakathi kwamaphiko ahlangene nasiswini. Amanoni anombala omnyama, ompunga.

Ngokwesilinganiso, abantu bale nhlobo baphila iminyaka eyi-10, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, zikhula zibe amasentimitha angama-75, futhi isisindo sazo singaphezu kwamakhilogremu amahlanu. Ukuqashelwa ngabaphenyi abahlukahlukene kuqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sokukhula nokukhula ngosayizi sidlula ngokushesha ezindaweni ezifudumele nezifudumele.

Emvelweni, kunenye inhlanzi efana ne-scavenger, ingumbala. Kepha abadobi abanolwazi bayakwazi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwabo:

• Isikhafu sinamehlo amancane abheke phansi.
• Isikhafu, esifana ne-broiler ngobude, sihlala sinothe kunaye.
• Amaphiko aphansi ebhulamu afakwa ebomvu.
• Amazinyo esikhumbuzo ahlelwe emgqeni owodwa, womabili ama-husters.
• I-anal fin yama-boosters imfushane kakhulu.

Ukwazi lezi zici ezihlukanisayo, umdobi akasoze enza iphutha ekunqumeni uhlobo lokubanjiswa kwakhe.

Izitha Izitha

Eyokuqala, izitha zemvelo endaweni ye-scavenger izinhlanzi ezidla inyama nezilwane ezithanda ukudlela izinhlanzi kanye ne-caviar yayo. Uma sibheka ukuthi ibhulamu ngokwayo ithanda ukwenza inzuzo nge-caviar yezinyamazane ezinjenge-pike noma i-perch, khona-ke kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi le nhlanzi itholakala ezindaweni lapho i-scavenger ihlala khona. I-Predatory waterfowl feed ku-gazinga, abantu abasha. Akulula ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinembile, kepha ukukhula okuncane kuba inyamazane elula, njengoba ingakashayi phansi, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezibhucu ne-algae. Umhlaseli ugaxela emhlambini, ubambe inyamazane bese kuthi leso sikhathi ugxume abantu abasondelene nabo, emva kwalokho ubadle. Izidleke ezinkulu nezinyoni zithanda ukujabulela inyama yezinhlanzi; abameleli abaphakamayo baphenduke izisulu zabo. Amaxoxo asemfuleni kanye nezinye izinhlanzi zidla i-caviar ye-scavenger, ngisho nembila uqobo ngezinye izikhathi iyisebenzisela ukudla.

Abadobi bayingozi yesibili kulo mbumbulu. Isixuku esikhulu sezinhlobo, amandla okudoba unyaka wonke, inyama emnandi, ukutholakala kalula, konke lokhu kwenza lo mbala waba isisulu esithandwayo. Umfuzi ngokwawo unikeza indawo yawo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi uqhuma, kanye nokukhombisa umhlane wawo ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke umuntu ukhomba indawo lapho etholakala khona lapho ebanjiswa khona. Futhi-ke isipiliyoni nekhono, ulwazi lwemikhuba nokukhethwa kokuphangwa luyasetshenziswa.

Isimo sezinhlobo nenani lokuthengisa

Njengoba sekushiwo, i-scavenger ne-bream ziyizinhlanzi ezithanda ukupakisha futhi zihlala ezikoleni ezinkulu. Kepha ukukhula kwenani labantu kuya ngendawo yokuhlala nezimo zemvelo. Isibonelo, ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kakhulu kubonwa eminyakeni lapho inkathi ibonakala ngamanzi amaningi aphezulu. Lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi emachibini nasezitolo. Amanye amadamu ahlala enza nezindawo ezikhethekile zokubumba, ezintantayo.

Amapulazi amaningi amanzi abandakanyeka ekuzaleni nasekulondolozeni inani le-scavenger. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkomba zesikhathi esedlule, lapho inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokweba ibremu laba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-120, manje izinkomba zinciphile. Namuhla, lezi zibalo azidluli amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30. Abantu babuka imifula nezinye izidumbu zamanzi lapho kutholakala khona isikhohlela. Uma ngesizathu esithile kunokusongela usayizi wabantu, kufakwa izingqimba ezikhethekile namanethiwekhi ahlanganisiwe ezindaweni ezingashoni. Abantu balolu hlobo bagxile ngokuqinile ezitolo zezinhlanzi emhlabeni wonke. Kuthengiswa ngo-ayisikhilimu, kusha, kubheme futhi kukheniwe.

Izitsha zokunambitha nezinhlanzi

Inyama yonjisi kanye ne-bream ayisihlwabhi kuphela, inombala ogqamile futhi igcwele izinto eziwusizo. Amagremu ayi-100 ama-akhawunti womkhiqizo angaphezu kwe-100 kcal. Ukuqanjwa kufaka amavithamini wamaqembu A, B, D, P, E, C. Futhi, inyama iqukethe izinto eziwusizo emzimbeni womuntu - chromium, fluorine, iron, iodine, isidlaliso, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium nabanye. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo njalo kuthinta umsebenzi womzimba womuntu, wezempilo, nowengqondo.

Njengoba le nhlanzi isetshenziswe ekuphekeni isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuye kwenziwa izindlela ezingenakubalwa zokuyipheka. Lolu hlobo luboleka kahle kunoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okushisa. Isobho elimnandi lingaphekwa ngale nyama, lingaphekwa ngezithako ezahlukahlukene, okuthosiwe noma nge-stewed bese lidityaniswa lihlanganiswa nemifino ehlukahlukene, izitsha eziseceleni nokunye okuhlanganisiwe. Ubukhulu benhlanzi buvumela ukuba ugcwalise it ngezithako ezikhethiwe. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunamathambo amaningi ku-scavenger, amanye ngenxa yalokhu athanda ukubhema noma inhlanzi enosawoti, bese eyisebenzisa nangobhiya.

Ukupheka umbhaki ku-foil kuhhavini wasekhaya kulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthenga umuntu omkhulu, ukuze kube khona indawo yokugcwalisa. Isidumbu kufanele sihlanzwe kahle futhi sihlanzwe. Nquma imvini nekhanda, wenze ukuwohloka esiswini bese ususa okuphakathi. Hlanza izinhlanzi ngaphakathi. Ukuze kugcwaliswe, sebenzisa izaqathe, amazambane kanye nama-wedges kalamula. Amazambane awakwazi ukubekwa khona lapho, kodwa abilisiwe ngokwahlukile ne-ayisithupha, bese esebenza njengesitsha eseceleni esitsheni. Sika izaqathe kanye nelamula ngokuqina ukuze kube lula ukuthi uzibeke ngaphakathi kwesidumbu. Ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kuhle ukukuthinta ngosawoti kanye ne-allspice yomhlabathi. Ingaphathwa nangamafutha omnqumo we-juiciness. Songa ucwecwe ngokuqinile uzungeze i-workpiece ukuze ijusi lingaphumi futhi ukugcwaliswa kungaphumi. Beka kuhhavini oshiswe kuqala kuze kube ngu-200 ° ubhake imizuzu engama-45. Ukunambitheka nephunga lesitsha kuyamangalisa!

Ukuchazwa kwe-Bream

Ibhulamu inomzimba ophakeme kakhulu ocindezelwe kamuva, ukuphakama kwawo kungaba yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ubude bawo. Naphezu kwalezi zinto ezilinganayo, inhloko yomfutho incane. Umbala wesikali sombala omncane uyisiliva, kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka iba mnyama futhi ibhulamu labantu abadala linombala omnyama onsundu noma ompunga emuva futhi omnyama ngopende wegolide ohlangothini. Umlomo we-bream, naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele, mncane futhi ubuthambile.

Amaphiko amnyama futhi amafushane futhi yi-anal fin kuphela engabizwa ngokuthi yinde. I-dorsal fin isezingeni eliphakeme, okuyisici esiphawuleka ngalo lonke uhlaka futhi kungenye yezimpawu zalo eziphambili. Wonke umdobi uyawazi lo mbaza, futhi nalowo okude nokudoba.

Umfutho ukhula kancane futhi ufinyelela isisindo sama-gramu ayi-500 kuphela lapho eneminyaka engu-5-7 ubudala, lapho kuqala ukuvela. Eminyakeni engu-2 yobudala, isisindo samuthi sibuhlungu kakhulu - amagremu ama-20-30.

Habitat

Umfutho uhlala emifuleni, ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi nasemachibini. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi kukhona imigodi namachibi. Ingena emanzini angajulile kuphela ebusuku ifuna ukudla.

Ngomsindo ongaphandle, izama ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kungenzeka ingabuyeli endaweni enomsindo isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, unamahloni kakhulu, ukhetha izindawo ethule lapho abantu abambalwa bengaba khona.

I-Bream Bait

Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningi zokudla okufuywayo ukubamba ubhule. Kungabanjwa ngokuphelele kulokhu:

I-trowel noma inhlama ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo lapho udoba ngenduku yokudoba, futhi lapho udoba ngamagiya angaphansi, isikelemu noma igazi ngokuvamile livame ukusetshenziswa. Ngezindlela eziningi, ukukhetha kwethiyithi yokubambisa ubhiya kuthonywa izinkanuko zakhe zokudla ezindaweni zokugcina ezahlukahlukene, isimo sezulu nesikhathi sonyaka.

I-Bomy anatomy

Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bokubhula bufinyelela ngaphezulu kwama-80 cm, bese isisindo bufika ku-6 kg. Umfutho unekhanda nomlomo omncane. Umlomo uphela ngeshubhu engakhula. Umuntu omdala unombala ompunga noma onsundu ngemuva, futhi isisu siphuzi. Abantu abasha abathukuthele. Amaphiko wezinhlanzi grey. Izinhlobo: BreamGens: BreamFamily: CyprinidsClass: Inhlanzi ye-ray-finSquad: ICypriniformesType: ChordantKingship: IzilwaneDomain: Eukaryotes

Ubudala nosayizi

Ibhawoti ikhula ngokushesha. Ubude bemikhiqizo eseyiphile iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kweli-13 ifinyelela ku-75 cm, isisindo esingu-8 kg noma ngaphezulu. Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingu-1.5 - 2,5 kg zibanjwa ngenduku ngayinye yokudoba. Izinsimbi ezincane zibizwa ngokuthi ama-scammers. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ikhula ngokushesha, ifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba eminyakeni engama-3-4, ubude bayo bube ngama-25 cm. Emachibini asenyakatho namachibi kukhula ngokuya ocansini eminyakeni eyi-5-8, ubude bawo bube ngama-30 cm noma ngaphezulu, umhlanga ovuthiwe ngeminyaka emi-3, ubude 12-15 cm.

Ukubamba ubhiya

Ukulunywa kwehlobo kwekhofi kuqala ezinsukwini eziyi-10-10 ngemuva kokuhluma futhi kuhle uma ukusatshalaliswa bekuinobungane, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Le nibble ayihlali isikhathi eside, iphetha emasontweni amabili. Ngokusobala, ibhulamu lishintshela ekudleni okunjalo ama-angler angakakutholi ukudla okufanele. Kubonakala sengathi wondla e-algae, agweme okunye ukudla kuyo yonke le nkathi kuze kube ukuqala kwekhanda, lapho i-nibble yakhe iqala futhi izinza kuze kube sekupheleni kokufakwa kombala wamahlamvu ekwindla. Ukuluma okuqinile kogologo kuvame ukubonwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nangasekuqaleni kwehlobo, kodwa abadobi abanolwazi bakubone kudala ukuthi izinhlanzi zokwenza ubhiya nazo ziyaluma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Noma kungumndeni wabakhileyo be-thermophilic of reservoirs, ukudoba kuwo kwesinye isikhathi kuqala ngemuva kokushwibeka kweqhwa maphakathi noma ekugcineni kuka-Ephreli, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela cishe kuma-degree angama-8-12. Ngalesi sikhathi, akabheki lutho ngokuziphatha kwakhe, akukho maqhubu noma okunye ukunyakaza phezu kwamanzi. Imishini yokudoba ngokudoba ubhiya. Ngokudoba entwasahlobo, induku yokudoba ilunge kakhulu. Sikhetha induku yokudoba ngobude obungamamitha angama-4-5, umugqa wokudoba ungathathwa ungabi mncane kunawo wonke, ngoba amanzi asenodaka, ububanzi bomugqa wokudoba ngu-0.16-0.20 mm. Kungcono ukuthatha i-float for ukudoba enkambini, ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-gramu ayi-3-5. Ngokudoba ngempumelelo ibhulamu, umdobi udinga ukwazi imikhuba yakhe, imikhuba yakhe yokudla ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, indawo yokuhlala. Babhabha ezindaweni abazithandayo, ezikhethwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Bahlala buthule ekudobeni, bazifihla. Ukubhaqa ibhombu ngenduku yokudoba kuhlukile kokuluma ezinye izinhlanzi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngoba, njengoba abadobi besho, uqala ukukhuphulula i-float abese eyibeka emanzini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho, ukuthatha i-nozzle kusuka phansi, ibhulamu iyiphakamisa bese iqala ukuncela, bese iya ohlangothini. Lapho ubeka isifulelo noma usishiya sijule, kufanele ukhuze. Kuyadingeka ukukopela ubhiya, yize kungenjalo ngokufungelwe, kepha ngokuqinile: izindebe zakhe zilukhuni, zomile. Emzuzwini wokuqala, lapho ubamba ibhule elikhulu, kubonakala sengathi igwegwe libanjiwe esigaxeni, kepha ngokushesha ibhulethi, ngemuva kwenkani elincane, iya ogwini ngaphandle kokumelana, ukuphuma emanzini, ukuthatha umoya, icishe kungamelani. Kungcono ukukhipha ubisi nge-sucker noma i-hook, ngokushesha, kuze kube yilapho ebuye ukwazi.

Kepha ukuze ubambe ibhamuza, kufanele londliwe. Ukubheja okuhle kakhulu kokwenza ubhulamu yizimpethu ezincane, amaqanda entuthwane entsha nekhekhe le-hemp, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Inyambo kufanele ibekwe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kokudoba. Ngesikhathi sokudoba isikhashana esikebheni, esigxotsheni, okuphakelayo okubekiwe kufakwa emanzini e-kolob noma endaweni yokuphakelayo ebangeni le-3-4 m ukusuka esikebheni, futhi endaweni encane ngisho nangaphezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, baphakela izinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokudoba. Ukondla ibhulamu akufanele kube ngokweqile, ngemuva kokudla ngokwanele iphalishi, uphizi noma amakhekhe, uyayeka ukuba nentshisekelo ngezindlela ezihlwabusayo kakhulu bese engena emgodini wakhe. Umbila “uluma kusihlwa futhi usondela kaningi kaningi ngosuku. Ngobusuku obuqhakazile benyanga, ubhululu lungabanjwa ekuhlanganyeleni uma ukuntanta kubonakala emanzini. Ebusuku, ibhulamu livame ukubanjwa lapho liphansi. Isikhathi sokubamba ubhiya phakathi nosuku kuya ngezimo eziningi. Ukuhlangenwe nakho kuphela nokubukwayo komdobi kuzomtshela ukuthi lo mbala uvela nini ekudleni nokuthi uzodoba nini. Isimo sezulu esikahle kakhulu sokudotshwa kwama-bream yizinsuku ezifudumele ezinomoya omncane waseningizimu-ntshonalanga noma waseningizimu. Izimvula ezifudumele, ezidlulayo azilimazi ukudoba. Ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibi nangesimo sezulu esibandayo. Emoyeni osenyakatho nasenyakatho-nasempumalanga, ubhekeni uvama ukondla. Kunezindlela eziningi zokudoba ubhiya ehlobo: ngenduku yokudoba yasehlobo, i-mormyshka, i-wiring, i-donka. Ukuze ubambe ubhule, induku kufanele ibe yinde, iguquguquke futhi ihlale isikhathi eside: ama-angler ngokuvamile apenda aluhlaza okotshani. Bathatha induku ende ukuze baphonse i-nozzle ngokuqhubekayo, ngoba ubhekeni kuyinhlanzi eqaphile futhi ayifanele ekujuleni okujulile eduze nolwandle noma esikebheni. Umugqa wokudoba onobubanzi obungu-0,2 - 0,3 mm upendiwe ukufanisa umbala wenhlabathi. Ukuntanta kuthatha isimo esidlulileko, kukhethelo kusuka ku-feather feather. Isisindo emgqeni wokudoba wokubamba ubhiya ubekwa u-3-4 cm kusuka kubhuku, ngoba lapho isisindo sisekude ne-hook, awukwazi ukuqaphela ukulunywa kobisi. Hook inombolo 7 - 8.5, bukhali.

Bheka futhi

• Ukubamba ubhiya
• Izingxoxo Zokudoba - I-Bream
• I-Fishing Dialogs - Isikhalazo 022 - I-Bream, Izesekeli Zokungaboni
• Izingxoxo Zokudoba - Isikhombi 044 - Isiteshi saseMoscow. I-Poleschik, Gustera

I-White Amur (I-Ctenopharyngodon idella) eyodwa-ye-a-kind ingesinye sabamele abakhulu bomndeni wakwaCarp. Isisindo sezinhlanzi singaba ngu-30- 35 kg ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-120. Ngaphandle, kubukeka ngandlela-thile njenge-carp ejwayelekile. I-carp yotshani inesimo somzimba eside, esithambile kancane ezinhlangothini ngaphandle kwe-keel. Emugqeni ohambelana no-40-45 isikali. Ikhanda liphansi, ibunzi libanzi kakhulu, umlomo uphansi. Ikhona elingasemuva lomlomo wale nhlanzi lisendaweni yomugqa wangaphambili weso. I-Grass carp yinhle kakhulu. Emuva linombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi grey, izinhlangothi zimnyama ngombala, eceleni kwesikali ngasinye, ngaphandle kwalezo ezisesiswini, kukhona umugqa omnyama. Isikali sikhulu impela. Esembozweni se gill kuphonsa imisebe yegolide ekhipha imisebe.

Isisu senhlanzi sikhanyayo golide. Amaphiko ayaqaqamba, ngaphandle kwe-dorsal ne-caudal. Amehlo egolide.

Ngomlomo wokunobuthi, i-carp yotshani inamazinyo anamandla kakhulu we-pharyngeal atholakala kwi-arch yesi-branchial. Ebantwini abakhulu, bakhulu kakhulu kunamazinyo abantu, abukhali, aboshwe, avumelaniswa nokugaya uhlaza. Amathumbu kubantu abadala imvamisa ubude bawo bungama-2-3.

I-Grass carp ivame ukufakelwa i-carp, njengoba kungeyona esincintisana kuyo maqondana nokunikezwa kokudla. Ukuze wandise usayizi nesisindo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo, ngokususelwa ekubalweni kwe-1 kg, le nhlanzi idinga ukudla ama-30-70 kg wezimila ngonyaka.

U-fig. 72. Ama-White AmurWorks awasebenzisi kuphela inyama ebomvu, enamafutha nenempilo ye-amur emhlophe, kodwa futhi nesibindi. Abadala abakhulu bakhethelwa, ngoba amathambo asuswa kalula kubo.

Inyama emhlophe ye-Amur iqukethe amavithamini amaningi (A, tata B, C, E, njll.), Ukulandelela izinto (i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-sodium, njll.), Kuze kufike ku-6.7% wamafutha, afaka ama-omega-6 fatty ama-asidi.

Kubuye kube yi-antioxidant yemvelo, ilawula ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinhliziyo nobuchopho, futhi ibandakanyeka ekudleni kwamafutha. Kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwe-oxygen emangqamuzaneni, kuthinte kahle isimo sesikhumba, izinqubo zokugaya ukudla nezinzwa, futhi kulawula nezinga le-glucose egazini.

Inyama ye-Cupid ifakwa ngaphansi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokucubungula ngobunono: kubhakwe, kudliwe, kuthosiwe, kubheme. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ihlanzekile kunenyama yesiliva ye-carp. I-Grass carp iyinhlanzi ebalulekile yezentengiso, kodwa hhayi kuphela.

Ukwethulwa kwe-carp yotshani ezindaweni zokugcina kunikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuphinda ube kabusha. Ukudla izimila zasemanzini, amachibi ahlanza izinhlanzi, imifula, imisele yokunisela, amachibi okupholisa wezitshalo zamandla.

U-Amur udla ngokumangalisa kakhulu, edla cishe inani elilinganayo lokudla nsuku zonke ngenkathi efudumele njengoba ezilinganisa nayo.Kusungulwe ukuthi, ngokudla izimila zasemanzini okungezona zenani lokudla kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, i-carp yotshani ikhombisa ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo sayo, ukudala izimo zezemvelo ezifanele zokuthuthuka kwesisekelo sokudla kwezinye izinhlobo zenhlanzi ezibalulekile.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ye-carp yotshani ngumphumela wayo oqondile wokunciphisa umkhawulo wokuzala komiyane. Ukudla izimila zasemanzini, i-carp yotshani kuphuca omiyane ithuba lokuzala kabusha. Isahluko esilandelayo.

Umfutho uwukuphela kokumelela kohlobo lwe-bream emndenini we-carp. Ibhulamu inomzimba ophakeme ocindezelwe ezinhlangothini ezinezikali ezincane ne-anal fin ende, lapho kungaba khona nemisebe engama-24 kuye kwengama-30. Ikhanda kanye namehlo wolu bomvu mancane, umlomo uyabuyiselwa.

Umzimba nezinsimbi zalo msele kuvame ukupendwe ngompunga (kumnyama ngebudala), uhlangothi olungaphakathi lukhanya. Amaphinifa we-pectoral, we-ventral kanye ne-anal kwesinye isikhathi ane-hue ebomvu. Umbala we-bream uncike ezimfanelweni zezindawo zokugcina: kwezinye izinhlangothi zawo i-silvery-darkish hue, kwezinye - i-silvery-yellowish.

I-dorsal fin imfushane futhi iphakeme; i-pre-caudal fin yinde futhi incane. I-white-eye kanye ne-bream ngokwengxenye kufana ne-bream, kepha zincane.

Izindlela zokudoba

Ukulunywa kwebhulamu kubonwa unyaka wonke - mhlawumbe, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuhluma. Ungayibamba yomibili iqhwa ebusika, nasemanzini avulekile ngenkathi efudumele. Ngesikhathi se-zhora, ubhiya ubanjwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, kodwa kungcono kakhulu kusihlwa, ekuseni nangobusuku benyanga.

Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, lo msebenzi uqaliwe uqalwa ukuqothula okukhulu. Maphakathi nehlobo, iyaqina futhi iqinise ngamandla ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ukuluma kumisa kuphela ngesimo sezulu esingesihle.

Ukulwisa okuvame kakhulu ekudobeni ubhiya yinduku yokudoba. Ngokudoba emanzini avulekile - kokubini ukuma kanye nokusakaza - ngokuya ngezimo, lokhu okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa:

• izinduku zokudoba ezindizayo
• Izinduku zokudoba zeBologna
• izinduku zokufanisa
• izinduku zokuxhuma.

Abekho Abadobi abasebenzisa izitebhisi kanye nama-mormyshki ahlukahlukene ukubamba ubusika ebusika kusuka eqhweni.

Ukudotshwa kobuhlalu obukhulu akukaze kwenzeke ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthola imali yokudla. Umfutho futhi uphendula kahle ukuqhubekisela phambili ukunamathela endaweni yokudotshwa, okwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokudoba. Ungathenga imali yokudla esitolo bese uyipheka ngokwakho. Ngale njongo, ukudla okusetshenziswayo kwesitshalo kuyasetshenziswa: okusanhlamvu, ikhekhe lamafutha, amabele, okusanhlamvu okusamisiwe Izithako zezilwane nazo zingenzeka: njengezibungu, izibungu, imollusks. Umfutho futhi uphendula kahle ekunambithekeni (i-anise, i-hemp kawoyela, njl.) .. Into esemqoka lapho ukhetha ukwakheka kwethithi kungabhekisisa izimo zasendaweni kanye nohlobo lokudla olujwayelekile izinhlanzi ezisetshenziselwa lona.

Ibheji liphonswa endaweni yokudoba ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudoba. Isithiyiti esihle ingxube equkethe izinto eziningi ezihlukaniswe yiphunga elihlukaniswe kahle. Izingxenye eziqinile zekhithi (ikhekhe, ama-crackers, i-bran) kufanele zihlukaniswe kahle, zigcwale umhlaba kube uthuli. “Babhema” emanzini, kepha lapho inhlanzi iza, ngeke ikwazi ukudla.

IBait yinto ebaluleke ngokulinganayo yokudoba ubhulamu. Esigodlweni, i-leskhnik kufanele ibe nezinhlobo eziningana zama-nozzles, ngoba ubhulamu yinhlanzi ekhethiwe. Ukudla okuvame kakhulu okulandelayo kuyahlukaniswa:

• impethu
• ukopha,
• izibungu
• imikhiqizo kafulawa (isinkwa, i-pasta, inhlama),
• okusanhlamvu nezinhlamvu (hercule, ibhali, semolina, uphizi).

Ungabamba futhi ubhule ku-cossack (i-dragonfly izibungu), ku-caddis, ku-leech encane ye-herbivorous klepsin kanye ne-zebra mussel. Ukuthandwa kwe-bream kuncike ezicini eziningi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzama ukubheja.

Ukunambitheka kwalolu hlobo lokuthakathwa kuthintwa yiminyaka yalo, ubukhulu kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Inyama yezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezihlala emithini enezimila ezicebile nendawo enamanzi ehlanzekile kunamafutha athambile, athambile futhi anendawo enhle emnandi yasemuva. Ama-bream amancane (ama-scavenger) awamnandi kangako, ngoba anokuqukethwe kwethambo eliphakeme maqondana nenyama. Futhi kunoma yikuphi, inhlanzi elula okumnandi futhi enempilo ebanjwe ngesikhathi noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphonswa kwe-caviar.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

NgoMeyi 2014, isakhamuzi saseGreat Britain, uTed Brian, wabamba umgqomo omkhulu, onesisindo esingamaphawundi ayi-15 namakhilogremu ayi-12. Ngakho-ke wathuthukisa irekhodi lakhe, wabeka iminyaka emine ngaphambi kwalokho.

Umbala unendlebe eyingqayizivele emsiza ukuba azifihle engozini. Uyakuzwa nokugqwala kwezingubo zomdobi.

Ngenkathi uqhuma, u-bream ugxuma uphume emanzini bese uwa phansi emanzini. Umsindo ngenkathi usatshalaliswa wabizwa ngokuthi "ukudoba" noma "ukuthambisa" futhi wanikeza inhlanzi igama elithi "bream" (naseSlovakia - "Splashing").

Umfutho ohlobene nezinhlanzi ezinokuthula kwesinye isikhathi ubukisa ngemikhuba yezilwane ezidla ezinye futhi kwezinye izimo uhlangabezana nezinsimbi zokuphotha: iziheyisi ezixubayo kanye nezithiyisi eziningi ze-silicone. Esikhathini esiningi, ekwindla, abadobi abazingela ama-zander, i-perch noma i-pike babe nethuba lokuthola ubhiya ukuze lusakaze.