Ama-phalanges noma ama-salpugs abizwa nge-oda ephelele ye-arachnid, enezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1000. Isicabucabu sePhalanx siyabukeka ethusa kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu nemihlathi emibi. Ubude obujwayelekile bomuntu omdala buyehluka kusuka kumasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-7, umzimba umbozwe nge-sparse ende, izinwele eziningi ezikhanyayo, kanye namalunga.

Use isithombe se-phalanx spider Ama-chelicer angaphandle asabisayo kakhulu avelele, ngasinye sinezingxenye ezi-2 phakathi lapho okuhlanganisiwe kutholakala khona. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo nokushukumiseka, imihlathi isicabucabu se-phalanx okuningi njengezipunu.

Amazinyo atholakala ngqo ku-chelicerae; izinhlobo ezahlukene zingaba nezinombolo ezihlukile. Amandla alezi zitho asabise abantu basendulo, ababethi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene baqambe izinganekwane ezahlukahlukene, mayelana namandla angajwayelekile alesi spider kanye nomkhuba wayo wokusika izinwele noboya ukuze kubekwe phansi izindinyana zawo ezingaphansi komhlaba.

Kuyiqiniso, ama-phalanges angasusa izinwele eziningi ngokweqile emzimbeni wesisulu, futhi anamandla anele okwenza umgodi esikhunjeni futhi aphule ngisho namathambo enyoni amancanyana, kepha lokhu kuzoba ngumbala ophelele kunokuba kube kwansuku zonke.

Ngokushesha ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, kanye nokuvikela nokuthusa izitha, i-salpug ihlikihla i-chelicera komunye nomunye, okuholela ekuweni ukubhoboza. Isicabucabu se-camel phalanx uncamela ukuhlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi emazweni e-CIS yangaphambili - eningizimu yeCrimea, isifunda saseLower Volga, iTranscaucasus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, njll.

Lokho wukuthi, naphezu kwezimo zokuphila ezikhethwayo, ukuhlangana isicabucabu se-phalanx singaba seVolgograd, ISamara, iSaratov kanye namanye amadolobha amakhulu, noma kunjalo

Uma kwenzeka ukungena kwalesi silo ekhaya lomuntu, hlukana nesicabucabu se-phalanx Kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yesivinini sokuhamba kwayo, ukubukeka okwesabekayo nolaka olubhekiswe kumuntu.

Ukuze ugweme ukungafuneki futhi kubuhlungu kakhulu ukuluma kwesicabucabu se-phalanx empini elwa naye, gqoka amagilavu ​​aminyene, ubopha ibhulukwe lakho kumasokisi, kungcono ukuzama ukumkhipha ngaphandle kwekamelo ngomshanelo noma ngomshanelo.

Isithonjana se-camel phalanx

Abantu abancane abakwazi ukulungisa isikhumba esikhulu somuntu, kepha abafowethu abakhulu kakhulu bangasiluma. Njengomthetho, indawo yokuhlala yomuntu ayisijabulisi isicabucabu, kodwa-ke, abahlaseli bangabusuku bangabonakala.

Kunombono wokuthi isicabucabu asihehwa ukukhanya uqobo, kodwa ezinye izinambuzane ezindiza kuso. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola umthombo wokukhanya, isicabucabu senza lula inqubo yaso yokuzingela. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lokhu kuluma kuyesabisa kunalokho ngezizathu zokuhlanzeka - kukodwa isicabucabu se-phalanx asilona ubuthi.

Izinsalela ezonakele zezisulu zakhe zangesikhathi esedlule zingagcinwa kuma-cheliceurs anobambo isikhathi eside, okuthi, uma usungenwe, kungaqhamuka nemiphumela emibi kusuka ekucasukeni okulula kube ubuthi begazi.

Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila ye-phalanx

Abamele izinhlobo eziningi ze-saltpug baya ukuzingela ebusuku, futhi bachitha usuku emiseleni yabo noma kwenye indawo yalokhu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amanye ama-phalanxes abuyela isikhathi ngasinye emabhulekweni awo futhi angahlala endaweni eyodwa impilo yawo yonke, kuyilapho abanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, behamba kakhulu futhi bemba umgodi omusha ngaso sonke isikhathi endaweni entsha. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphaphama phakathi nosuku.

Lapho uhlasela i-phalanx, ungezwa ukubhoboza okukhulu, okutholakala ngenxa yokushayisana kwengubo yayo. Ngakho-ke, isabisa isitha, noma kunjalo, leli akuyona ukuphela kwekhadi le-trump ku-arriers yakhe.

Incazelo yesicabucabu se-phalanx zivame ukwehliswa zibe yimikhaza enamandla enamandla engaluma ngisho namathambo amancane enyoni, noma kunjalo, ama-salpugs nawo anemilenze emide futhi ayakwazi ukushesha aze afike ku-16 km / h.

Abamele zonke izinhlobo zalokhu kuthunjwa banolaka olukhulu kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo abahlangana emzileni wabo, noma ngabe bunjani. Futhi, ama-phalanges anolaka kubafowabo.

Ukudla kwesicabucabu sePh Phaphosi

Isicabucabu sidonsa inani elikhulu lokudla nsuku zonke, kusobala ukuthi akunankinga ekudleni. I-phalanx iyakwazi ukubamba futhi idle iqhude elincanyana, inyamazane noma iringi, cishe noma isiphi isinambuzane esikhulu esikwazi ukubhekana naso. Ukudlisa ngokweqile iba imbangela evamile yokufa kwesicabucabu, ngoba uma ukudla kutholakala kalula, i-phalanx izodla ngaso sonke isikhathi.

I-phalanx idla imidlwane emincane nezinye izidalwa ezifanayo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila okude kwe-phalanx

Ukuhlangana ngokuvamile kwenzeka ebumnyameni. Owesifazane wazisa owesilisa ngokuzilungiselela, akhiphe iphunga elikhethekile. Isigcawu esidumile se-spider sibamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokuzalanisa - kuhambisana nabo ukuthi owesilisa ubeka ispermatophore ekuvulekeni kocansi komlingani wakhe.

Zonke izenzo zalabo bobabili abahlanganyeli zincike kuphela ekhokhweni, uma ngasizathu simbe “ukuthambeka” kowesilisa, uyakuqeda lokho akuqalile, kodwa akwenzeki. Ngenkathi yokufaka umquba, insikazi empeleni ayihambi, kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa umane amhudule. Kepha, masinyane ngemuva kwenqubo, uba nolaka kakhulu.

Futhi, ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi inomuzwa obukhali wendlala enkulu, ngakho-ke iqala ukuzingela ngenkuthalo. Uma owesilisa engenaso isikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokushesha, angamudla.

Ngaphambi kokulala, insikazi igaya ukucindezelwa okuncane futhi ibekele amaqanda angaba ngu-200 lapho. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, kuzovela izicabucabu ezincane ezingenasidudla. Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, basinda i-molt yokuqala, i-integument yabo iba namandla, kuqala izinwele, bese ukukhula okuncane kuqale ukuzimela. Owesifazane unakekela izicabucabu, azivikele futhi azondle zize zifinyelele ekuvuthweni okuthile futhi ziqine ngokwanele.

Ngenkathi ebandayo, izicabucabu zithola indawo ephephile futhi ziwela ekubandakanyeni isikhathi eside lapho. Abamele ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo oluthile bangahlala kuleli lizwe ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Inani ngqo nokuvama kokuncibilikisa kwesicabucabu se-phalanx kusaziwa isayensi. Futhi akukho mininingwane efanelekile mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila kwepulpug.

Incazelo, izici nemikhuba ye-phalanx

I-phalanx ibukeka kakhulu njengesicabucabu, inama-paws afanayo ngesimo sesigcawu, esakhiwe eduze komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengesicabucabu ebusweni baso, kukhona okokuhlafunwa komlomo, okufana nokugcwala. Kodwa-ke, i-phalanx ayisona neze isicabucabu, yize isisesigabeni esifanayo se-arachnids nayo. Lezi zicabucabu zikhulu impela, ngamasentimitha angama-5-7.

I-phalanx yisinambuzane esidla inyama esithola ukudla kwayo ebusuku, ebumnyameni. Zondliwa izimbungulu ezahlukahlukene, izicabucabu, amasimu, izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane ezinambuzelayo. Lezo ezikhudlwana ngeke zenqabe ukuhlasela isibungu esincane, i-agama noma i-cub vole.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi i-phalanx, ngaphambi kokuhlasela isitha, igwebuza i-chelicerah yayo komunye nomunye enza imisindo ephakeme yokudonsa. Lokhu uyamesabisa isisulu sakhe esizayo. Umzimba we-phalanx wenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ube namandla okusebenzisa iselula kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini kuze kufike ku-16 km / h. Lo mbono ubizwa ngokuthi "umoya scorpion" ngesiNgisi, okusho ukuthi "Scorpion yomoya".

Izindawo ze-phalanx ziwugwadule kanye namahlane ogwadule anesimo sezulu esomile. Imvamisa zitholakala ogwadule olukhulu lwesihlabathi njengeKarakum, iKyzyl Kum, iSahara, iGobi. Bazivumelanisa nezimo ngokuphelele eTranscaucasus naseNyakatho Caucasus, eCentral Asia naseKazakhstan, eKalmykia naseLower Volga. Kukhona eziningi zazo eningizimu yeCrimea. EYurophu, bahlala eSpain, Greece nasezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Italy. Kepha e-Australia, lama-arachnid awatholakali, awekho.

Kumuntu, i-salpuga akuyona ingozi kuphela, kepha umhlangano nayo ingaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki. Umfutho wokucindezela we-chelicera yakhe umkhulu kakhulu ukuthi angakwazi ukuluma kalula hhayi ngesikhumba somuntu kuphela, kodwa nangezingubo nezicathulo ezilula. Futhi yize i-phalanx ingenalo ubuthi, ukuluma kwayo kubuhlungu kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukudla okujikelezayo kuhlala emihlathini yayo, kungenzeka ukuvuvukala okukhona esizeni sokulunywa ngisho nokutheleleka okujwayelekile kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, ukuba sezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona lezi zinambuzane eziyingozi, kufanele ugqoke ngezingubo eziqinile futhi ugqoke izicathulo ezingavikela ukuluma.

I-oda le-phalanx kusuka esigabeni se-arachnid likhulu kakhulu, linemindeni eyi-13, izinhlobo ezingama-140 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000, ezinamagama amaningi anjengokuthi: Solpugida, Galeodea, Mycetophorae, Solifugae Sundevall nabanye. Phakathi kwamagama esiNgisi, adume kakhulu yilezi: isicabucabu samakamela, isicabucabu selanga, umhluzi welanga kanye nesikhutha somoya. E-Russia, baziwa kangcono ngamagama e-bihorca. Kunoma ikuphi, noma ngabe abizwa kanjani, i-phalanx yisigcawu, lapho udinga ukuhlala kude.

Ingozi ebantwini

Ukubukeka kuyesabeka, kepha azinobuthi.

Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zicabucabu aziyona ingozi kubantu, ngoba ayikwazi ukuluma esikhunjeni. Kodwa-ke, ama-salpugs amakhulu angalimaza isikhumba sabo kuze kube yilapho kunegazi nge-cheliceurs yabo, okudala ukuvuvukala ngemuva kwalokho ngezinsalela ezijikelezayo emihlathini yabo.

Ukuzala

Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, i-salpuga yeduna ibhekisisa insikazi ngokuhogela isebenzisa ikhono lokuthamba le-pedipalp. Inqubo yokuzalela yenzeka ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, owesilisa ukhipha into enamathele enama-spermatophores emhlabathini, bese ngosizo lwe-chelicera aludlulisele ekuvulekeni kocansi lowesifazane. Umanyolo yi-spermatophore. Owesifazane uwela esimweni sokumiswa ngesikhathi sokuzalela, kodwa ngemuva kokuba lowo ovundile esevulekile futhi enolaka, ngakho-ke owesilisa usheshe abalekele ukuze angadliwa.

Owesifazane ovundisiwe udla kakhulu, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi sokondleka kokudla adle i-mink lapho abekela khona amaqanda angama-40 kuye kwangama-200. Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu sekuvele kwenziwa kuma-oviducts abesifazane, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, kuvela ama-salpugs amancane emaqanda abekiwe. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, zingashukumi, umzimba umbozwe nge-cuticle ewubala engabonakali ngaphandle kokwahlukaniswa okubekiwe kuzigaba nezinwele. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, okwenzeka ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, ama-matsha amasha ahlukane futhi aqinise, izinwele zikhula emzimbeni, bese kuthi i-salpuga iqale ukuzimela. Owesifazane uhlala eduze kwenzalo aze aqine.

Umsoco

Ama-solpug aselula kakhulu, agijima ngokushesha, akhuphuke izindiza zibheke phezulu futhi agxume amabanga amade (afinyelela kumitha). Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa isitha noma ngesikhathi sokuzivikela, i-salpuga yenza imisindo ngokuxebuka nge-cheliceurs, ukukhumbuza ukugeleza noma ukukhala. Lapho i-salpuga ihlangana nesitha, ithatha indawo eyisongo, iphakamisa umphambili womzimba ibheke esitheni.

Iningi lama-salpugs lisebenza ebusuku, kepha kunezinhlobo ezithanda ilanga. Ama-salpugs amaningi azama ukufihla ukukhanya kwemini ezindlini zokukhosela: emiseleni yamagundane, ngaphansi kwamatshe, noma wona uqobo ahlomisa imincanyana.

AmaSalpug aqhakaza ngokweqile futhi adla ngezilwane eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezingabhekwana nazo, ingxenye enkulu yizinambuzane, kanye nesimila, izicabucabu, ukhuni, njll., Ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ezinkulu, isibonelo, izibankwa. Babamba futhi babambe inyamazane ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi ngosizo lwe-chelicera bayiklebhule bese beyigxoba, emva kwalokho inyamazane, enamanzi omningi ngejusi yokugaya ukudla.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: spider spider

Uku-oda kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000 ezichazwe ku-153 genera. Naphezu kwamagama ajwayelekile, awona awofezela bangempela (amaScorpiones, noma awezicabucabu zangempela (i-Araneae) .Impikiswano ngokuhlangana kwabo iyaqhubeka ochwepheshe. Ngabe bayizicabucabu ngempela noma i-scorpions? Uma nje behlala kulolu hlaka, kepha ucwaningo lwakusasa lungaholela ekuguqukeni kwesimo.

Leli qembu lama-arachnids linamagama ahlukahlukene ajwayelekile, ama-phalanges, ama-saltpugs, ama-bichors, umoya scorpion, izicabucabu zelanga, njll. Lezi zidalwa ezihlukile zinamagama ambalwa ajwayelekile esiNgisini nase-Afrika, iningi lawo lifaka igama elithi "spider" noma ngisho "scorpion". Yize ngezimpawu zabo zebhayoloji, lezi zilwane ziyisiphambano phakathi kofezela kanye no-spider.

Ividiyo: Isikhala se-Phalanx

Ukufana okusobala bodwa abahlanganyela nabo izicabucabu ukuthi banemilenze eyisishiyagalombili. Ama-phalanges awanayo indlala enobuthi futhi awabeki engcupheni kubantu, yize enolaka kakhulu, ahamba ngokushesha futhi angadala ukuluma okuhlungu. Igama lesiLatini elithi "solifugae" livela ku "fugere" (gijima, undiza, ugijime) kanye no "sol" (ilanga). Imfucumfucu endala kakhulu, iProtosolpuga carbonaria, yatholakala e-USA ngonyaka we-1913 endaweni yaseLate Carboniferous sediments. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasampula atholakala eBurmese, eDominican, e-Baltic amber nasezingqenyeni zeCretaceous eBrazil.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Igama elithi "isicabucabu selanga" lisebenza kulezo zinhlobo ezisebenzayo phakathi nosuku. Emzamweni wokugwema ukushisa, baziphonsa ethunzini baye kwesinye isithunzi - imvamisa lokhu kuyisithunzi somuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakha umbono okwethusayo wokuthi baphishekela umuntu.

Kubonakala sengathi i-phalanx yowesifazane ibheka izinwele njengezinto ezinhle kakhulu esidlekeni. Eminye imibiko ithe basike izinwele bawanquma amakhanda abantu ababengayazi. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bayakuphikisa lokhu, i-arachnid ayifakwanga izinwele ukusikwa, futhi lesi sitatimende ukuhlala inganekwane. Yize ama-salpugs engenzi i-fluoresce ngokukhanya njengama scorpion, wona a-fluoresce ngaphansi kokukhanya okuthile kwe-ultraviolet ye-wave enamandla namandla.

Habitat

Ama-solpugs athanda izifunda ezifudumele: ama-steppes omile, ogwadule, ongaphansi komhlaba, ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ibutho elikhulu labazingeli abanamandla bahlala kulo lonke izwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Australia ne-Antarctica. Izinhlobo ezingama-80 zihlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, izinhlobo eziyi-16 eNyakatho Afrika, eziyi-100 eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika.

Amazwe ajwayelene nama-salpugs:

• Pakistan
• India
• INingizimu Afrika
• Algeria
• Mororoli
• Greece
• ISpain
• Kazakhstan,
• Tajikistan
• ETurkmenistan
• I-Kyrgyzstan,
• I-Azerbaijan
• IGeorgia

Ithandeka kakhulu indawo yesicabucabu lapho ihlala khona eRussia:

Abanye abamele bangatholakala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho.

Ubukhulu bomzimba nokwakheka kwawo

Izimpawu ezejwayelekile, noma ukuthi zonke izicabucabu ze-phalanx zibukeka kanjani:

• ithole lihlukaniswe inhloko, isifuba nesisu,
• umzimba nemilenze zimbozwe nge-villi,
• amehlo amabili abonakala enkabeni yekhanda,
• Imihlathi esebenzayo ifana nezinsolo
• 6 ngazimbili zemilenze
• i-pair of forepaws yenza umsebenzi oyisidina.

Izilwane zingafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10. Emilenzeni asemuva kukhona izinkabi nezinkomishi zokubamba, ngenxa yokuthi ama-phalanges angakwazi ukuhamba nezindiza kunoma iyiphi i-angle yokuthambekela.

Izinhlobo

Ukuchithwa kweSalpuga kufaka phakathi imindeni eyi-13, okubandakanya uhlobo lwenhlobo engu-140 kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-1000.

Ama-Predator awanazo izilonda ezinobuthi, kepha ukulunywa yi-bichorium kungadala ubuthi begazi. Emhlathini wayo izinsalela ezijikelezayo zihlala ngemuva “kokudla kwasemini” kanye “nokudla”, okuvusa ukuvuvukala kwasekhaya kwezicubu eduze ne-prokus. Amazinyo nokusika kwemiphetho yensimbi ayakwazi ukuluma hhayi ngesikhumba kuphela, kepha nangezipikili zomuntu.

Isidlwengu sathola igama lomoya scorpion ngekhono laso lokuhamba ngesivinini samamitha amane ngomzuzwana.

I-salpuga ejwayelekile

I-phalanx inegama lesibili - i-South Russian saltpug noma i-galeod. Ihlala ezifundeni zase-Astrakhan naseVolgograd eRussia. Izinsikazi zikhulu ngo-1.5 cm kunabesilisa: ukusuka kuzipelepele kuze kube sekupheleni kwesisu, zingafinyelela ku-6 cm. Ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba ipendiwe ngombala onsundu, ephansi - ngiphuzi elimnyama.

Amandla wokucindezela kwezigqoko akuvumela ukuthi ubhekane hhayi nezinambuzane kuphela, kepha futhi nezinyamazane ezikhudlwana.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani endle?

AmaPalanges athanda ukuphila impilo yobusuku. Kusukela ekuseni, bacasha ngemisele yemigqa, ngaphansi kwamatshe, noma bambe izidleke zabo emhlabathini. Lona kanye igama "i-salpuga" lisho "ukubalekela ilanga."Izinyamazane zibheka inyamazane ebusuku. Kepha, sebonile umthombo wokukhanya ebumnyameni, bagijimela kuwo beyofuna ukudla (izinambuzane zasebusuku).

I-solpug, ehamba ngokuzingela ntambama, ibizwa ngokuthi yisicabucabu selanga eSpain. Ama-Arthropods angakhuphuka ezindaweni eziqonde phezulu, ahambe ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ayi-16 ngehora, agxume imitha eli-1 ukuphakama nobude.

Ukwesabisa isitha, ama-phalanxes enza imisindo yokugaya ngemisindo yokugwaza. Bona uqobo abesabi muntu. Lapho zibona isitha esitha inyamazane, amasaladi aphakamisa amakhanda nezifuba bese embule izigqebhezana lapho kuphonswa khona okusheshayo. Ubudlova bezicabucabu zamakamela kungaqondiswa kunoma iyiphi into, kungakhathalekile usayizi nezinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, umuntu noma enye i-saltpug.

Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-salpugs hibernate. Uthando lwe-phalanx ekushiseni lidinga ukuqaphela endaweni yokuhlala: zingatholakala ethendeni, izicathulo, izingubo. Akulula ukususa i-arthropod engenile ukuze ifudumale: ayikwazi ukuthathwa, futhi umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu ukuba angalunywa. I-saltpug ethukuthele ingagxuma ifike kumitha eyi-1. Ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwakhe akunakwenzeka.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, insikazi ayinandaba nowesilisa, kodwa kamuva, ivuka ekhephini, inganelisa indlala yabo. Kwinzalo yesikhathi esizayo, i-salpuga ilungisa isidleke esingaphansi komhlaba, lapho ibekela khona amaqanda angama-30 kuya kwangama-200. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, kuvela ama-phalanges amancane, lawo mama aqapha futhi awondle kuze kube ngumzuzu wokunyakaza ozimele.

Ngabe kudlani?

Ama-Phalange ayizidlakudla ezixakile futhi ezimangazayo; uma kungekho siphango bukhoma, anganelisa indlala nge-carrion. Abawazi umuzwa wokudinwa kanye nekhefu ekudleni. Uma kunokudla, ama-salpugs akuthatha kuze kukhiphe isisu esiswini ekuhlaselweni ngokweqile.

Izikhungo zezimayini zeSolifugae:

• izinambuzane
• izintwala,
• amasimu
• amabhungane
• scolopendras
• Karakurt
• ama-tarantulas
• ufezela
• izibankwa ezincane
• amachwane
• izinduku ezincane
• izinyosi.

I-phalanx ihlasela konke okuhambayo futhi kuhlobene nosayizi wayo. Izimayini zidwengulwa zaba izicucu. Amabili ambili okugwazwa amthambisa. Ngemuva kwalokho izingcezu zifakwa emgodleni wokugaya, ngemuva kwalokho zidonswa yi-salpuga.

Izigidi

Izigidigidi kungenye yezinto zokudla kwe-salpuga. Ama-Arthropods, njengama-phalanges, angawezilwane. Ngokusho kwendawo yokuhlala, into ehlaselwa i-phalanx imvamisa kakhulu i-scolopendra.

Uhlobo lwe-millipedes luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-90. Izilwane zithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele: izindawo ezishisayo, ogwadule, izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Kepha zingatholakala ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ezintabeni, emigedeni yeKarst, emahlathini. Ezindaweni ezipholile zifinyelela usayizi wamasentimitha ayi-10, ezindaweni ezishisayo kuphela zikhula zibe amasentimitha angama-30.

Ingxenye ngayinye yomzimba omude we-shaggy ifakwe imilenze emibili ephela ezindaweni ezinobuthi. Ngaphansi kwekhanda kukhona imihlathi yomlenze onoshevu. Imilenze yangaphambili yaguqulwa yaba yizingcingo ukuze ibambe ohlukunyeziwe.

IScopopendra iya ekuzingeleni ebusuku. Iyondla izinambuzane. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zingahlasela amagundane, izinyoka nezibungu.

ENingizimu Yurophu, eNyakatho Afrika, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezaziwa kakhulu yi-scolopendra annulus kanye ne-scolopendra scooter. Naphezu kokuba khona kobuthi kanye nomphunga kuyi-scolopendra, i-phalanx iyavela njengophumelele empini, ngombani wayo usheshe futhi ungacabangi ukusabela nokugoba okubulalayo okugwazayo.

Woodlice

I-Arthropods iyinqaba yama-crustaceans. Phila impilo yasesikhathini. Bazondla ngokubola imfucumfucu yesitshalo.

UWoodlice uhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi:

• imigodi
• inqwaba yamatshe
• inqwaba yokugoba amaqabunga awileyo
• amagxolo axegayo,
• udoti wasendlini.

Kuma-phalanges amnyama, izintwala zezinkuni ziyisisekelo sokudla esifanele, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla kanye nezinyoni zikugwema ukuzidlela ngenxa ye-nitrogen ekhishwe.

Ama-termites

Ukuze uthole i-salpug, akubizi lutho ukubhubhisa ikoloni lesimu. Izinambuzane zomphakathi ezi-Herbivorous ngeke zikwazi ukumelana nengcindezi ye-phalanx, igqobhoza odongeni lwendunduma yama-termite futhi ichitha umfuyi womndeni womhlambi wamahloni. Ngendlela efanayo, umphangi ungena esidlekeni, kodwa bese efa ngenxa yezinyosi eziklinyiwe, ezingakwazi ukuphuma ngenxa yesisu esinyumba.

Scorpions

Ama-Scorpions, njengama-phalanges, angawama-arthropods, isigaba sama-arachnids. Isidlakela sasebusuku esinamabili amehlo sinamandla okubuka. I-villi esemzimbeni wayo isebenza njengezitho zokuthinta, ngenxa yalokho athola khona ukuvevezela komoya nenhlabathi.

Ngokubukeka kwayo okumangazayo, isivinini esikhulu sokunyakaza, ukuba khona kwendlala enobuthi nenaliti emsileni, i-scorpion ayihlukile kulaka. Akahlaseli kuqala uma engalambile futhi engenangozi. Umzimba wayo umbozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous elivikela ezitheni. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi i-salpuga ingahlula i-scorpion, kodwa futhi ne-mantis yokuthandaza ne-mabhungane agagayi.

Izicabucabu

Into yokuhlaselwa kwe-salpuga ingaba yi-karakurt, tarantulas. Izicabucabu zingabazingeli basebusuku ezindaweni ezifanayo lapho kutholakala khona ama-phalanges. Usayizi wekarakurt yabesifazane awudluli kumamilimitha angama-20, i-tarantula - 35 millimeter. Ukulahlekelwa izicabucabu zamakamela ngesivinini sokusabela nobukhulu, baba yisisulu sabazingeli abangahluthiseki.

Ngingakwazi ukuhlala ekhaya?

Abathandi bama-arachnids bangagcina i-saltpug endlini yabo yasekhaya. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu kufanele akhumbule amandla akhe okuqhubekela phambili, kufaka phakathi ingilazi, okuphezulu, futhi agxume ukuphakama aze afike kumitha eyi-1. ITerrarium kumele ibe yimbi komoya. Ngokwesilwane, ukudalwa kwezindawo zokukhosela isikhathi sasemini kubalulekile. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-salpuga, lingaba nesihlabathi, amatshe ahlanganiswe nomhlaba.

Ama-Arthropods athanda ukushibilika ngaphansi kwemisebe yesibani se-ultraviolet. Ukwakhiwa komthombo wokushisa onjalo kuzokwenza ukuhlala kwe-saltpug ku-terrarium kuthokomale kakhudlwana.

Ukudla okubukhoma kungeniswa ku-terrarium lapho i-phalanx isenkingeni. Ekudleni komdlwane kufanele kube nezinambuzane ezinkulu, izintwala zokhuni. Bondla i-phalanx izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto, bagwema ukusebenzisa ngokweqile, lapho kungafa khona.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Sinjani isicabucabu se-phalanx

Umzimba we-hodgepodge uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili:

• amabele (igobolondo),
• opistosome (isisu sesisu).

I-Millet inezigaba ezintathu:

• I-propeltidium (inhloko) iqukethe i-chelicera, amehlo, ama-pedipalps kanye namabili okuqala emilenze,
• i-mesopeltidium iqukethe umzuzwana wesithathu wemilenze,
• i-metapelptidium iqukethe umlenze wesine wemilenze.

Ngaphandle, isicabucabu se-phalanx sibonakala sinemilenze eyi-10, kepha empeleni, isengezo sokuqala sezinto zokwenziwa, izimbotshana ezisetshenziswe kakhulu, ezisetshenziselwa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, njengokuphuza, ukubamba, ukondla, ukuvuthisa kanye nokugibela. Amabili kuphela emhlane wemilenze asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukugijima. Isici esingajwayelekile kakhulu yizitho ezihlukile kumathiphu wemilenze. Ezinye izicabucabu zingazisebenzisa lezi zitho ukukhuphuka phezulu.

Imilenze yokuqala imincane futhi imfushane futhi isetshenziswa njengezitho zethoni (amatende). I-phalanx ayinayo i-patella (ingxenye yomlenze etholakala ku-spider, scorpion namanye ama-arachnids). Imilenze yesine yinde kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zinamabhangqwana ama-5 ama-ankle, kuyilapho izingane zinezimbambo ezi-2-3 kuphela. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ziyizitho zomzimba zokubona ukunyakaza komhlaba.

Ubude bomzimba buhlukahluka kusuka ku-10-70 mm, nobude bomlenze bufika ku-160 mm. Ikhanda likhulu, lisekela i-chelicera enkulu enamandla (imihlathi) enkulu. I-Propeltidium (igobolondo) inyuka ukuze ihlalise izicubu ezikhulisiwe ezilawula i-chelicerae. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo esiphakeme engxenyeni yesiNgisi, bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izicabucabu zamakamela." I-Chelicera inomunwe we-dorsal ohleliwe kanye nomunwe we-ventral oshukumisayo, womabili ahlomile ngamazinyo we-cheliceral ukuchoboza inyamazane. Lawa mazinyo angenye yezimpawu ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza.

Ezinye izinhlobo zinamehlo amakhulu asenkabeni. Ziyakwazi ukubona ukwakheka futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuzingela nokubheka izitha. Lawa mehlo aphawuleka ngokwakhiwa kwawo kwangaphakathi. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, amehlo asemuva awekho, futhi lapho zivame ukuba khona, amane nje aqhelelene. Isisu sithambile futhi siyanwebeka, okuvumela isilwane ukuba sidle inani elikhulu lokudla. Umzimba wezinhlobo eziningi umbozwe ngamabhulashi wobude obuhlukahlukene, amanye aze afike ku-50 mm, afana nebhola elikhanyayo lezinwele. Iningi lalawa mabhuloho izinzwa ezibukwayo.

Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu se-phalanx?

Isithombe: spider spider eRussia

Lawa ma-arachnids abhekwa njengezinkomba zokuphela kwama-biomes asogwadule futhi ahlala ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu. Okushisayo kungcono kubo. Izicabucabu ze-Phalanx ziphila ezindaweni ezikude lapho kuhlala khona idlanzana lezidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuguquguquka kwabo maqondana nemvelo yabo, yiqiniso elingamandla amakhulu okuqhubela izimpilo zabo izigidi zeminyaka. Okumangazayo ukuthi abahlali nhlobo e-Australia. Yize leli lizwekazi liyindawo eshisa kakhulu, azikho izinhlobo ezitholakalayo lapho.

Ukuvumelana nezimo kwendawo yokuhlala kuvumela isicabucabu se-phalanx ukuba sande futhi izimboni ezithile nezindawo ezisehlathini. Kodwa ngisho nasezifundeni ezinje, bazobheka izindawo ezifudumele kakhulu abangahlala kuzo. E-Russia, atholakala enhlonhlo yaseCrimea, isifunda iLower Volga (Volgograd, Astrakhan, Saratov, Kalmykia), kanye naseCaucasus naseNyakatho Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Osh esifundeni), Tajikistan, njll. EYurophu, kutholakala ISpain, Portugal, Greece.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Emhlabeni kukhona imindeni eyi-12, izinhlobo ezingama-140 zofuzo nezinhlobo ezingama-1075 zeSalpuga. Futhi eningizimu ye-Afrika, kubhaliswe imindeni eyisithupha, izinhlobo ezingama-30 zofuzo nezinhlobo ezingama-241. Ngakho-ke, ama-22% ezitoko zomhlaba wonke zazo zonke izinhlobo zesicabucabu se-phalanx zitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika. INorth Cape (izinhlobo ezingama-81) kanye neNamibia zinenani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo. Umfula we-orange awukhawuleli ukusatshalaliswa kwawo.

Emhlabeni omusha, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zeSolifugae. Imindeni emibili kuphela (i-Eremobatidae ne-Ammotrechidae) etholakala eNyakatho Melika. Okungenani izinhlobo ezintathu okungenani zifudukela eningizimu yeCanada. Kodwa-ke, i-zenith yokuhlukahluka kwesicabucabu se-phalanx yi-Middle East.

Manje uyazi ukuthi sitholakala kuphi isicabucabu se-phalanx. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Ngabe sidlani isicabucabu se-phalanx?

Photo: Poison phalanx spider

Isinambuzane asikaze siphuthelwe ithuba lokudla, noma ngabe i-arachnid ayizwa indlala. Isilwane siqongelela amanoni emzimbeni ukuze siphile ngalezo zikhathi lapho ukudla kuba yindlala. Izicabucabu ze-Phalanx zidla izinambuzane eziphilayo kanye nalezo ezitholakele zifile. Zingadla izinyoka, izibankwakazi, amagundane, amabhungane kanye nama-termite. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi bazodlani kuvame ngokuya endaweni nesikhathi sonyaka. Kubukeka sengathi abanankinga nokukhiqizwa kokudla, okuncane kakhulu kunosayizi wabo. AmaSolpugs ikakhulukazi aya ngokuzingela ebusuku.

Zonke izinhlobo zesicabucabu se-phalanx zi-carnivorous noma i-omnivorous. Bangabazingeli abanolaka futhi abadli abangagculisekile kukho konke okunyakazayo. Kutholwa inyamazane futhi ithunjwe yi-tentacle-pedipalps, futhi ibulawe futhi inqunywe izingcezu yi-chelicera. Ngemuva kwalokho iziphuzo zokukhiqiza, bese uketshezi lungena emlonyeni. Yize evame ukungabahlaseli abantu, ama-cheliceurs abo angangena esikhunjeni somuntu futhi enze ukuluma okuhlungu.

Ukudla kwesicabucabu se-phalanx kuqukethe:

• amasimu
• izimbungulu
• izicabucabu
• ufezela
• ama-arthropods asemhlabeni omncane,
• inyoka
• izinduku
• izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene
• izirhubuluzi ezincane
• izinyoni ezifile.

Izicabucabu ze-Phalanx zingadla ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinjengamalulwane, ubuhlalu kanye nama-safetivores. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla izitha kuphela. Abanye abantu bahlala emthunzini futhi baqashe inyamazane yabo. Abanye babamba inyamazane bayidle, ngenkathi isaphila, idwengula inyama ngamandla ngokuhamba okuqinile kwemihlathi yayo enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isicabucabu se-phalanx sine-cannibalism, bahlala behlasela izihlobo zabo kanye nokuwina okuqine kakhulu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Isicabucabu sePh Phaphosi e-Astrakhan

Izicabucabu ze-Phalanx zivame kakhulu ukuphuma ebusuku, kepha kunezinhlobo zasemini ezivame ukudwetshwa ngemibala ekhanyayo ngemivimbo ekhanyayo nobumnyama kanye nalo lonke ubude bomzimba, ngenkathi izinhlobo zasebusuku zinombala onsundu futhi zivame ukuba zikhulu kunasemini. Ukubuka i-phalanx ngokushesha kuba sobala ijubane labo lokuhlanya. Ngenxa yakhe, bathola igama elithi "Scorpion-umoya." Ahamba ngezinyawo noma esihlabathini esithambile, esidala ukuthi ezinye izilwane zihlangane noma zehlise ijubane. Ama-Phalanxes nawo angabagibeli amahle ngendlela emangalisayo.

Izicabucabu zamakamela zivumelaniswa kahle nezimo ezomile. Zimbozwe izinwele ezacile, zihlukanisiwe nokushisa kogwadule. Imvamisa, ama-bristles amade enza njengezinzwa ezisiza ukuthola isisulu lapho sithintwa. Ngenxa yamakhemikhali akhethekile, afunana nemininingwane yolwazi olungaphansi komhlaba wesilwane esidlula kuwo futhi angabona ngisho nokuphanga komhlaba ngaphansi kobunzulu obungajulile. Lolu uhlobo lwesicabucabu okunzima ukuluthola. Abagcini nje ngokufihla okuhle, kodwa futhi bathanda ukucasha. Zitholakala kunoma iyiphi ekhoneni elimnyama noma ngaphansi kwezinqwaba zamapulangwe noma zamatshe.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: isicabucabu se-phalanx singesinye esisheshayo. Ingahamba ngejubane le-16.5 km ngehora. Kepha, imvamisa, uhamba kancane uma engeyona ingozi, futhi akudingeki aphuthume endaweni eyingozi.

Kunzima ukususa i-salpuga ngenxa yezindawo eziningi zokukhosela abazithola endlini. Eminye imindeni kuye kwadingeka ishiye amakhaya ayo ngemuva kokuba yonke imizamo yokuqeda ngempumelelo lezi zicucu zamakamela yehlulekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zingenza umsindo wokukhala lapho zizwa ukuthi zisengozini. Lesi isiwayiso sokuthi ukwazi ukuphuma esimweni esinzima.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Spider spider in Kazakhstan

Banikezwe ulaka lwabo olujwayelekile, kuphakama umbuzo wokuthi izicabucabu ze-phalanx zizala kanjani ngaphandle kokubulalana. Ngempela, "isigaba esondela ngokushesha" ngesikhathi sokuqomisana kungenzeka senziwe iphutha ngomzamo wokwenza i-cannibalism. Owesifazane angaxosha ofaka isicelo kude abaleke noma athathe into ethobelayo. Owesilisa uyayibamba maphakathi nomzimba imsundise imihlathi yayo, futhi imhlabe ngezihlakala nangemilenze yokuqala.

Angayicosha ayithuthe kude noma aqhubeke nje nokuyinakekela lapho aqala khona ukuxhumana. Ekugcineni, ukhipha ithonsi lesidoda esibelethweni sakhe sangasese, asicindezele emihlathini yakhe bese esebenzisa i-chelicera yakhe ukuphoqa isidoda ukuba singene ekuvulekeni kocansi lowesifazane. Imicikilisho yokuhlobanisa iyahluka phakathi kwemindeni ehlukene futhi ingahlanganisa ukudluliselwa kwesidoda ngqo noma okungaqondile.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izicabucabu ze-Phalanx ziphila ngokushesha futhi zife zintsha. Isilinganiso sempilo yabo esijwayelekile singaphezu konyaka owodwa.

Ngemuva kwaloko lowesikati ugobela umgodi bese ubekela emacandza, awashiye emgodini. Amaqanda amaningi angaba kusuka emaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-264. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyazivikela kuze kube yilapho zibopha. Cishe izinsuku eziyishumi nanye ngemuva kokubekwa, amaqanda aqanduselwa. Inzalo idlula eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele ebudaleni. Ubudala obuguqulwayo yisikhathi esiphakathi kokuncibilika. Njengawo wonke ama-arthropods, izicabucabu ze-phalanx kumele ngezikhathi ezithile zichithe i-exoskeleton yazo ukuze zikhule.

Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu se-phalanx

Isithombe: Sinjani isicabucabu se-phalanx

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izicabucabu ze-phalanx zivame ukubhekwa njengezisulu zangaphansi ezingabekezeleleki, zingaba futhi ukwengeza okubalulekile ekudleni kwezilwane eziningi ezihlala emvelweni nasendaweni eyomile. Izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nama-arachnids, ziphakathi kwezilwane ezibhalisiwe njengabazingeli be-salpuga. Kwabonakala nokuthi ama-phalanges adla omunye komunye.

Izikhova mhlawumbe zezinyoni ezivame kakhulu zokuzingela inyamazane yezinhlobo ezinkulu ze-phalanx. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaphawuleka ukuthi amaqhubu oMhlaba oMusha nezintelezi zezinyoni zakuqala nezinqola zoMhlaba Omdala ezidla ama-arachnids. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsalela ze-chelicera nazo zitholakale ku-bustard litter.

Izilwane ezincelisayo ezimbalwa ezibandakanya ama-phalanges ekudleni kwazo:

• impungushe ye-great-eared (O. megalotis),
• geneta ejwayelekile (G. genetta),
• Impungushe yaseNingizimu Afrika (V. Chama),
• I-civet yase-Afrika (C. civetta),
• impungushe emnyama (uC.mesomelas).

AmaPhalanges atholakala njengezisulu zesine ezivame kakhulu eTexch striped gecko (Coleonyx brevis), ngemuva kwezindawo ezihlanzekile, amasicadas kanye nezicabucabu. Abanye abacwaningi bathi izidalwa zase-Afrika ziyazidla, kepha lokhu akukakaqinisekiswa.

Izilwane ezidla ama-Arthropod kwis spider spider akulula kangako ukuzikhipha. Amacala amabili abahlaseli be-arachnids (Araneae) aqoshwa eNamibia. Cishe yonke ndaba ekhuluma ngezimpi ezesabekayo phakathi kwezicabucabu ze-phalanx kanye ne-scorpion kuyinganekwane. Le milayezo ihlobene nethonya lomuntu ekuphikisweni kwalezi zilwane, ezihlelwe ngezimo ezikhethekile. Esimweni esingokwemvelo, izinga lokufutheka kwabo komunye nomunye alicaci.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Isicabucabu sePh Phaphosi eCrimea

Indlela yokuphila yasogwadule yesicabucabu se-phalanx ayikuvumeli ukunquma ngokunembile ukwanda kwenani labantu ezinhlobonhlobo zalo. USolifugae - waba yisihloko sezinganekwane eziningi kanye nehaba ngokweqile ngosayizi wazo, ijubane, indlela yokuziphatha, isifiso sokufa nokufa. Amalungu aleli qembu awanobuthi futhi awaluki iwebhu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokuvamile kwamukelwa ukuthi isicabucabu se-phalanx sidla inyama yomuntu ophilayo. Indaba enganekwane ithi isidalwa sifaka uhlobo oluthile lobuthi obulala isikhumba esivulekile sesisulu sokulala, bese sidla inyama yaso ngesasasa, ngenxa yalokho isisulu siphaphama sinenxeba elixakile.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zicabucabu azakhiqizi i-anesthetic enjalo, futhi, njengezidalwa eziningi ezinomqondo osindayo wokuphila, azihlaseli inyamazane enkulu ngokwazo, ngaphandle kokuthi zisesimweni sokuvikela noma ukuvikela inzalo. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo okungaxakile kanye neqiniso lokuthi benza umsindo ohlabayo lapho bezizwa besongelwa, abantu abaningi bayabesaba. Kodwa-ke, usongo olukhulu kunazo zonke abalubeka kubantu ukuziluma kwabo ekuzivikeleni.

Isicabucabu sePh Phaphosi kuholela empilweni ye-frenetic, ngakho-ke akunconywa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Indlela yokuphila yokufuduka kwesinye isikhathi ihola isigcawu se-phalanx siye ezindlini nakwezinye izindawo. Akunasizathu se-alamu, ngakho-ke i-arachnid ingafakwa esitsheni bese iyiswa ngaphandle komgwaqo. Akukho ngisho nokufa okukodwa okubhaliwe okwabangelwa ngokuqondile ukulunywa, kepha ngenxa yemisipha eqinile ye-chelicera yabo, bangenza isilonda esikhulu ngokulingana, esinqenqisiwe lapho isifo singakhula khona. Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lweRhagode nigrocinctus olunobuthi, kepha ukulunywa kwalo akulona ingozi kubantu.