U-Peled - izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile avela kuhlobo lwe-whitefish. Isisindo esiphezulu esifinyelela kuqala singama-5 kg, futhi ubude bucishe bube yingxenye yemitha. IPelyad yinhlanzi esenyakatho, itholakala emigodini ebandayo yoLwandle i-Arctic, imifula yaseSiberia ne-Urals futhi kubhekwa njengezinhlanzi echibini, ngoba ithanda amanzi amile ukugeleza. I-peled idla ama-crustaceans, ngakho-ke inyama yayo inambitheka obumnandi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokubanjiswa kwezimboni, abalimi baphinde bazale ama-pred, okuyinto enconyelwa kakhulu yimvelo yokuzithoba yendawo yokuhlala.

Incazelo

I-Peled noma ushizi yinhlanzi echibini lomfula, uhlobo lwe-whitefish. I-Pelyad (igama le-Ob ngu "ushizi") yinhlanzi ephakathi nendawo, etholakala emizimbeni yamanzi eRussia. I-peled ingahlukaniswa kalula kusuka kwamanye ama-whitefish ngomlomo wokugcina, umhlathi ongenhla wawo omude nje kunowangaphansi, nenani elikhulu lama-stamens we-branchial (49-68). Isidumbu siphakeme, sinamaqhubu, sikhanya ezinhlangothini nasiswini sesisu, amabala amnyama ekhanda nakuma-dorsal fin. Umlomo unenhliziyo encane, kepha umhlathi ophansi ubonakala ngandlela thile. Umhlane ngokushesha ngemuva kwekhanda ulindelwe kancane. Phakathi kwamaphiko we-dorsal and caudal kukhona i-adipose fin. Isikali siqine futhi siqinile emzimbeni. Isizinda esijwayelekile sombala we-peled sifana naleso sezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile ze-pelagic: emuva nekhanda kumnyama, izinhlangothi nesisu zingumbala. E-dorsal fin kanye nasekhanda kukhona izindawo ezimnyama zombala omnyama. Ngesikhathi sokuqalwa kokuqhuma, kuvela iziqhumane ezimhlophe ze-epithelial emzimbeni kanye nomugqa we-lateral, okuthiwa "i-pearl rash", onyamalala ngemuva kokusakazeka.

I-Pelyad ibonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu kwemvelo futhi iyakwazi ukwakha amafomu endawo ahlukile ku-morphology, isilinganiso sokukhula, i-fecundity kanye nokudla okunempilo. Imikhakha emi-3 ivame ukuhlukaniswa: umfula owodwa, ophila emifuleni futhi ongena kumachibi okugcwala ukondla kuwo, ichibi lelo, elingalokothi liphume echibini futhi libhekene nokukhula okuhle noma okuhamba kancane, ichibi lomfula elilodwa, ingxenye eyinhloko yalo eyenzeka echibini, futhi ngokuzalaniswa ukhuphuka ungene ezinkokhisweni. Kwamanye amachibi kunendlela emfishane ye-peled.

UPelyad ubhalwe ku-Red Book yamanye amazwe

Ubudala nosayizi

Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-40-58 cm nesisindo kufika ku-2.7 kg. I-Lake peled enyakatho yebanga ifinyelela isisindo esifinyelela ku-5 kg. Amachibi amaningi anefomu elincane. Imvamisa, abantu ngabanye abanesisindo esingu-0.4-0.6 kg ikakhulu ekubanjweni kwemifula. Umfula peled ungavuthwa uneminyaka emithathu kuya kwengu-8, kepha ukhula ngobuningi eminyakeni yesithupha neyisikhombisa yokuphila. Kwiminyaka ethile, izinhlanzi ezineminyaka emihlanu ubudala zingavama phakathi kwabakhiqizi. Ubudala obumakiwe obukhulu beminyaka yokuqala iyiminyaka eyi-13; kumkhakha wezindaba, akuvamile ukuba kube iminyaka eyi-9 ukuya kwengama-10. I-fecundity ephakathi kokuqalwa kwe-Ob amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40. Ubukhulu - amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300.

Indlela yokuphila

Kukhona umfula nelichibi echibini. Ngokuya ngempilo, ziyehluka ngokufuduka. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye i-whitefish, i-peled ayifuneki komoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke ingaphila ngisho nasemachibini e-eutrophic uma okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen kungawi ngaphansi kwe-2 mg / l. Njengomthetho, uvimbela amanzi agelezayo, agxila emachibini, abadala, imigodi. Kuyisikole sezinhlanzi. Prefers amachibi, emifuleni - izindawo ethule. Kugcinwa kukholamu yamanzi. UPelyad ugwema izindawo ezinezimila zasemanzini ezikhule kahle. Emachibini nasezichibini, izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ehlobo zithanda ukuhlala zodwa ezindaweni ezijulile. Amajuba ajwayele ukutholakala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu olunezimila ezingakhuli kahle. Ngemuva kokuvula umfula wokondliwa, umfula ophambili ungena emachibini amachibi, ukhuphuka ungene ezinkambisweni zamabanga amafushane, kwenzeka emigodini yokudla, abadala, banamathela ezindaweni ezivulekile kubo. Isikhathi sokuphakelwa sinqunywa lizinga nesikhathi sokuma kwamanzi. Ngokudonsa kwezinga lamanzi, umphambili ushiya izizathu zokondla abuyela emfuleni.

Habitat

UPelyad ohlala amachibi nemifula ukusuka eMezen entshonalanga kuya eKolyma empumalanga; akwenzeki eNyakatho Dvina, njengoba nje kwakungekho eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseMelika (imizamo ephindaphindwa yokuyichaza eWestern Europe kufanele ithathwe njengengalungile). Kuyaphawuleka kumachibi aseKanin naseYamal Peninsulas, kukhona esiQhingini saseKolguev, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka emanzini akwebile eKara Bay, kepha ngokuvamile awahambi olwandle. Phezulu phezulu imifula ayihambi.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ububanzi be-peled bukhule kakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi we-acclimatization, ngokusungula ama-broodstock ezindaweni eziningi noma ukusakazwa kwemvelo kwe-peled. Ngaphakathi kwe-USSR yangaphambili, uhla lwayo olusha lusuka esifundeni saseMurmansk enyakatho ukuya eTajikistan eningizimu nokusuka eJalimane entshonalanga kuya eTransbaikalia naseMongolia empumalanga. Njengomphumela we-acclimatization, manje sekukhona ama-peled eJalimane, ePoland, eSlovakia, eCzech Republic, eHungary, eFinland naseMongolia.

Ukusakaza

Emvelweni, amadala angaphambi kokukhula ngokwesilinganiso aneminyaka eyisithupha, kodwa, aqhakanjiswe kumachibi aqukethe isisekelo sokudla sale nhlanzi, avuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka emibili nantathu ubudala. Ukunwebeka kuqala kumazinga okushisa wamanzi angaphansi kwama-degree ayi-8, kuvame ukusondela ku-0 degrees. Isaladi elisaphazayo - imvamisa yamatshe noma isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi ebunjiwe. UMfula peled uqala ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, echibini lolwandle ngoNovemba - uDisemba. Ukusakazeka kuyinto yonyaka noma ukweqa konyaka owodwa. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-150-230. Ngokwemvelo, izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda cishe lingama-0,2 degrees. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, i-caviar iba kuphela ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokukhukhula. Izibungu ezihlafunwayo zinobude bomzimba 8-9 mm bese zidlula ezigabeni ezi-5 zokukhula. Ushintsho lokondliwa kwama-ciliates, ama-cladocera kanye nama-crepace we-Copepods uqala ngisho nezinsalela ze-yolk sac ngosuku lwe-5 kuya ku-15 ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, kanye noguquko lokugcina lokudla okunempilo kwangaphandle ngosuku lwe-15-25. Emvelweni, ezinsukwini ezingama-5 ukuya kwengama-12 ngemuva kokuqokwa, izibungu ziqala ukuzondla nge-zooplankton. Fry iba nefry lapho ifinyelela ubude bomzimba obungu-31-36 mm.

Umsoco

UPelyad udla ikakhulukazi izinto eziphilayo ze-planktonic. Esikhathini se-ekwindla-ebusika, indawo ebalulekile ekudleni ihlala izibungu zama-chironomids, ama-mollusks, kanye nezinhlobo eziphansi zezimbali nama-papepods aphansi. Eziswini zenhlanzi enkulu, ama-caviar kanye nezinsana zezinye izinhlobo (i-crucian carp, i-perch, i-roach) kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala. Ngenkathi usaphaza, ichibi, kanye nomfula futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka kokufuduka akudlisi noma kudli kabi.

Izindlela zokudoba

UPeled ubanjwa unyaka wonke, uncamela amanzi abandayo, aqhubeke nokuqhuma. Imvamisa, lapho kukhula inhlanzi enkudlwana, kukhulu echibini lapho ubamba khona. Unganquma ukuthi yindawo yokuqala yaphi ngokuqhuma kanye nemibuthano ehambelana namanzi. Ibanjwa yi-netting kanye nama-gillnets entwasahlobo uma ingena emadlelo, ehlobo ngesikhathi sokudla nokwindla - ebusika ngesikhathi sokuhluma, kepha kuyenqatshelwa ukuthi kube nezinhlanzi ezindaweni zokugcina lapho kwenziwa i-acclimatization.

Ebusika, ama-peled abanjwa enduku ejwayelekile yokudoba nge-mormyshka, ayiphonse ngaphansi kwezinga leqhwa. Ehlobo, babamba ekubambeni okuntantayo ngaphandle kwesinki noma ukudoba ngenduku ende, okungamamitha ayi-5. Phonsa isidingo se-nozzle ukusuka ogwini futhi ugcine kude nebanga le-1 imitha ukusuka phansi.

I-nozzle ingaba ngumiyane, izibungu, izimpophoma zegazi, izimpethu, ama-amphipod, ama-gammarid, inyama eshisayo. I-Bait imvamisa ayisetshenziswa, ngesifiso esinamandla, ungayenga nge-mormysh.

Ipipks ngokushesha futhi ngqo, ishaya umugqa wokudoba, kuyadingeka ukugoba ngokushesha, kodwa hhayi ngokuqinile, ngoba izindebe zangaphambili zibuthakathaka. Lapho kudotshwa umuntu oyedwa oqine ngokuqinile, kudingeka ukubekezela kanye nokuhlinzeka ngentambo yokudoba. I-peled inamahloni kakhulu, idinga ukuzifihla nokuthula ukuze ibambe.

Ukudoba

UPeled luhlobo oluyigugu lokuthengisa, olusetshenziswa njengento yokuzalanisa okwenziwe ngokufakelwa, kanye kanye nzalo ye-peled nezinye izinhlobo ze-whitefish. Ukwehlukaniswa ngempumelelo, kunesilinganiso esihle sokukhula. Ukukhula okuhle, okunganciphisi ikhwalithi yamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kokondli okungadliwanga ezinye izinhlanzi. Muva nje, amachibi asenyakatho-nentshonalanga yezwe lethu aqoqwe nge-peled, lapho kwakungekho zinhlanzi ngaphambili. Ngasikhathi sinye, imvamisa idlula izihlobo zayo ezi-whitefish ngesilinganiso sokukhula nobuningi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwenyama. Lapho ukhula ekwindla wonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-33 cm, isisindo esingu-690 g, kwathi ngonyaka wesine - 1120 g.Ifomu lesichibi elincane elivamile alifinyeleli ku-500 g isisindo, ngokuvamile lincane kakhulu. Njengamanye ama-whitefish, amahloni aphambili ekwindla, ngokuvamile asevele ngaphansi kweqhwa.

Ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona izinhlanzi zangaphambili, kubhekwa njengenhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso, noma kunjalo, amanani ayo abanzi kakhulu. Ngisho nangezikhathi zeSoviet, ukubanjwa kwayo okukhulu bekungamathani angama-200 kuphela. Namuhla, isilinganiso sincane kakhulu. Ukuqina okuphansi kokudoba akuhlotshaniswa nezitokhwe ezincane zezinhlanzi, kepha neqiniso lokuthi izidalwa ezihlala kuqala zihlala ezindaweni ezikude nezicishe zixotshwe kude nenyakatho yezwe. Ukudoba i-Amateur nezentengiselwano kuqhutshwa okungenamqondo eduze kwezindawo ezimbalwa ze-Arctic.

Njengoba kunikezwe ubukhulu bokubanjiswa kwangaphambi konyaka, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokudoba ezimboni. Kepha ezifundeni ezisenyakatho i-peled yinto yokuloba kwezemidlalo. Bayibamba unyaka wonke, njengoba ingangeni ekubandakanyeni. Inkinga enkulu yabadobi base-amateur ukuthi i-peled inamahloni ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuyibamba. Lokhu kudinga ukuthula buthule.

Izici eziwusizo

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-peled ekudleni kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemiphumela emihle emzimbeni. Izici ezizuzisayo zezinhlanzi zokuqala ziqala ngeqiniso lokuthi ucebile kuyo yonke inkimbinkimbi yama-macro- kanye nama-microelements anomthelela ekubuyiselweni kwamaseli futhi wenze ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lwezinzwa kube lula. Inyama ye-Peled iqukethe inani elikhulu le-chromium, elidingakalayo ukuze kulondolozwe amazinga kashukela aphezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-peled kusiza ukulala kube okujwayelekile, kuvimbele ukubonakala kokudana nokuxineka. Ukusebenza kwale nhlanzi ekulweni nokuqunjelwa kanye ne-halitosis nakho kuyaphawulwa. Izinto eziqukethwe enyameni yale nhlanzi zisiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba.

Ukwethula ngokwehla ekudleni, ungakunqoba ukukhathala okungapheli futhi uthuthukise ukugxila. Inyama yale nhlanzi inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, kufaka phakathi nokusiza ukulwa nama-spasms nobuhlungu esiswini. IPotassium, ecebile ngaphambili, yenza kube lula ukusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo, futhi phosphorus yenza ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuzala, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.

UPeled uyi-prophylactic enhle ngokumelene ne-atherossteosis, njengoba yehlisa i-cholesterol. Futhi muhle njengomkhiqizo wokudla, ngoba okuqukethwe kwakhe kwekhalori kungama-126 kcal kuphela nge-100 g.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele ahlukunyezwe, ngoba lapho udla i-peled ngobuningi, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu besisu ngisho nokusabela komzimba kungenzeka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane.

Izici ezilimazayo

Ngaphandle kobuningi bezinto ezinhle, ushizi awuphephile kangako:

• Akunconyelwe izingane ezingaphansi konyaka ubudala.
• Ukusetshenziswa kaningi, ukubekwa ngaphezulu kwe-4 ngeviki, kungadala ukuqubuka komzimba, ukusinda esiswini, futhi kubangele nokuba nesicanucanu.
• I-Pelyad, hhayi ukudlula ngokulawulwa kokuhlanzeka noma ukubanjwa emanzini angcolile, ingatheleleka ngezibungu ze-opisthorchiasis.

Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukudla inhlanzi. Njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuqapha nokulinganisela, unaka ukusabela komzimba.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuzala

Ukuze wandise inzuzo yebhizinisi lokulima izinhlanzi, ukuzalanisa i-peled ngokwesiko kuhlanganiswa nokutshala i-carp. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza ukukhiqizwa kwesilondolozi, le ndlela futhi inhle ngoba ukwethula i-pred engxenyeni yokugcina amanzi kungukuvimbela okuhle kwe-helminthiasis kwezinye izinhlanzi, njengoba i-peled idla ama-crustaceans we-Copepod - umhlukanisi obalulekile kumjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Peled yokuzalanisa wonke bube ngale ndlela elandelayo. Esigabeni sokuqala, i-caviar itholakala ku-broodstock ebilungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Ngale njongo, izintokazi nezinsikazi ezikhethiwe zethulwa emachibini amancanyana, ukusuka lapho kuzoba lula ukubathola. NgoNovemba, bahlaliswe ukuvuthwa emachibini ahlukene agelezayo egumbini.

La machibi anomthamo wamamitha ayi-cubic angaba ngu-70 enza isimo esidlule. Ukuze izinhlanzi zizizwe zizinhle kuzo, amanzi kufanele avuselelwe ngokuphelele njalo emahoreni ayi-8. Kwelinye echibini elinjalo kungabekwa abakhiqizi abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-1.5. Abakhiqizi abalungele ukusatshalaliswa ngamaqembu ezingcezu ezingama-250 bathunyelwa echibini elincane (amamitha angama-4-5 ama-cubic), lapho kukhethwa khona i-caviar. Imvamisa, amadoda asetshenziswa kaninginingi (2-3), enza ikhefu phakathi kokusetshenziswa ngezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Amaqanda achunyelwe athunyelwa ku-incubator, enikeza imibungu ngezinga elifanelekile le-oxygen sattery kanye ne-pH level. Ngokuya ngezilungiselelo zokushisa ezikhethiwe, isikhathi sokufakwayo sihlala izinsuku ezingama-123 kuye kwezingu-145. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthambisa amaqanda ngezixazululo ezikhethekile kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezibungu, baya ezinkanjini, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-7 bakulungele ukondliwa okusebenzayo.

UMalkov ukhishwa echibini labantwana abancane, lapho bekhula khona kanye ne-carp. Ukutshala kwabantu yizibungu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20-25 ngehektha ngalinye. Amachibi anokujula okungadluli kumamitha ayi-3 nendawo yamahektha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20 alungele kahle. Kulesi simo, izinga le-siltation alisho lutho, ngoba i-peled ishiya amanzi ngamanzi akhayo. Amachibi akhula ngokudlulela awadingi i-filtration kuze kube isikhathi lapho izingane zonyaka zinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Kungale minyaka kuphela lapho kudalwa khona ukudala ukugeleza kwesilondolozi.

Ngubani inhlanzi yokuqala?

UPeled yinhlanzi yasemfuleni echibini, edume ngokutshala hhayi ngendlela yemvelo, kodwa futhi nangendlela yokufakelwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bezinhlanzi bufika ngamasentimitha angama-40-55 ngesisindo esingama-kilogremu angama-2-3, ngesinye isikhathi isisindo somzimba singaba amakhilogremu angama-4-5. Isikhathi sokuphila ushizi yiminyaka eyi-8 kuya kweyi-11.

I-peled inomzimba ocindezelwe kamuva wombala wesiliva. Isici esiyingqayizivele umucu obonakala ngokusobala omnyama ngokusobala emzimbeni. Amachashazi amnyama atholakala ekhanda nakuma-dorsal fin. Inomlomo osesiswini, ama-stamens amaningi gill kanye nomhlathi omude ongaphezulu. Okwakuqala, ukuba khona kwenqatha lamafutha akhiwe phakathi kwe-dorsal ne-caudal kuwuphawu. Umzimba wale nhlanzi umbozwe esikalini.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-pred:

• Umfula okhula ngokushesha. Kutholakala emifuleni nasemachibini. Amaminyaka onyakeni wesithathu wokuphila.
• Idlanzana laseLwandle. Inhlanzi zithole usayizi omncane ngenxa yokuhlala emachibini amancanyana.
• Ichibi elijwayelekile. Ayishiyi indawo yayo yokuhlala, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ilapho ixazulule khona.

Abaqhudelanayo kuqala bafaka omncane wezinye i-whitefish, i-vendace ne-tugun. Izitha zemvelo zezinhlanzi yi-pike, burbot nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla i-caviar.

Kuyini i-opisthorchiasis?

I-Opisthorchiasis iyi-helminthiasis ebangelwa ukumuncwa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-Opisthorchis flatworms, okubizwa nangokuthi yi-hepatic trematode, emzimbeni womthwali. Lolu hlobo lesibungu luthinta uhlelo lwe-hepatobiliary - isibindi, i-gallder, i-bile ducts kanye ne-pancreatic ducts. Ukulimala okukhulu emzimbeni womuntu ofakekayo kubangelwa ukuqubuka kwesibindi ngomshini nangobuthi.

Ama-Opisthorchias ahlelwe odongeni lwe-bile duct esebenzisa izinkomishi zokubamba, aphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi ku-mucosa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi alimaze izicubu zalezi zitho. Ukuhlasela kweHelminth yizibungu namaqanda ama-trematode kungadala ukuqhekeka kwezicubu ze-bile.

Imikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu yama-parasites ibangela ukudakwa komzimba, futhi kwandise ukuzwela kwayo kuma-allergener. Uma i-opisthorchiasis ingelashwa, khona-ke lesi sifo sihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ngesimo esingapheli futhi sinenkathi yokwanda, futhi esikhathini eside singavusa umdlavuza wesibindi oyinhloko.

Uhlu lwezinhlanzi lapho kune-opisthorchiasis lukhulu impela futhi luhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zomndeni we-cyprinid.

Inhlanzi ehlala maphakathi nendawo ephansi yemifula ye-Ob ne-Irtysh ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka nge-Opisthorchis hepatic flukes.

Ukudoba Pele

Le nhlanzi ingabanjwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ushizi awuyithandi imifino eminyene namanzi agobhozayo. I-Pelyad ingeyezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifundayo futhi iphila ikakhulu kwikholamu yamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi inhlanzi iyakhuphuka noma iwele phansi ngaphansi kukongamo.

U-Peled inhlanzi enamahloni kakhuluNgakho-ke, abadobi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukudoba ukuze bathathe umhlalaphansi baye emahlathini aseduze futhi bagqoke nesudi yokufihla. Ngokudoba ngempumelelo ushizi kufanele ucabangele ezinye izici:

• uma kungekho ipulankton, idla izinto ezingaphansi, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuthi kuthathwe izihlonzi ezijwayelekile,
• inezindebe ezibuthakathaka, eziklebhula ngokushesha ngochuku olubukhali, inhlanzi ingayibamba kakhulu isihebe futhi iye ekujuleni,
• ngenxa yokuthi unamahloni kungcono ukubamba ukuthula ngokuphelele.

Ukubamba kuqalad ehlobo usebenzisa induku yokudoba. Ngokuthatha isiheho - omiyane, izibungu, izimpophoma zegazi, izimpethu ezivame kakhulu.

Ebusika, ushizi ubanjwa ku-mormyshka. Ezimweni zokudotshwa kweqhwa, udinga ukwenza mnyama umgodi, uwufafaze ngeqhwa. Ukubamba kuqala ngaphambi kobusika, ekupheleni kwesizini, abadobi bavame ukusebenzisa imithombo yegazi eyomile noma eqandisiwe ngebheyili. Ukuze ujabulele ukudla okumnandi, ushizi uyakhuphuka bese uqala ukukhuthalela ukugoba.

Ukwenza ukubamba kuphumelele, kunconyelwa ukuthi ungehlisi kakhulu i-mormyshka, kepha ukuyishayela udongeni olungaphansi lweqhwa ngebanga elingadluli ku-10 cm.Izinhlanzi kufanele ziboshwe ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokuhamba okubukhali. Uma kungekho ukuluma ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezingenhla, lapho-ke udinga ukubamba maphakathi bese izingqimba zamanzi ezingezansi.

Ihlala kuphi futhi kudingeka ziphi izimo?

IPelyad itholakala emizimbeni yamanzi entsha ye-Eurasia, emifuleni nasemachibini, isuka eKarelia iya eKolyma. Inhlanzi ayihambi olwandle, emanzini anosawoti. Ukungena emachibini. Ayithandi ukugeleza okusheshayo kwamanzi. Isikhathi esiningi sayo nayo ihlala emachibini amachibi. Ngenxa yezici ezinjalo ze-peled, ukuzalaniswa kwayo kwenziwa endaweni enkulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yeRussia.

Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zoshizi zihlala emanzini agobhozayo emifuleni yasenyakatho. Ama-Peles akhetha ukugcina amaphakethe, agweme ukuhlaza okuminyene ngaphansi kwamanzi. Uma esemncane umuntu ehlukaniswa amandla, kuvame ukushiya iphakethe ehlobo futhi kuzinze ekujuleni. Izinsimbi ezisencane kakhulu zibonakaliswa yindawo ehlukile yokuhlala: zizinza emanzini asogwini futhi zibhukuda ezindaweni ezakhiwe yizimila. Ngemuva kokuthi iqhwa lihlibilike entwasahlobo, izinhlanzi zasemfuleni zivame ukungena emanzini amachibi, lapho zizokwazi ukululama, zithole amandla futhi zanele kulo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzama ukuzithola esezinkokhweni noma kubadala, lapho ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo eningi imfucuza yokuqongelela kwangaphambili. Ngokushesha nje lapho isikhukhula siwela, ophambili bazama ukushiya izihlambi ezinjalo babuyela emifuleni.

Zuza futhi ulimaze

UPeled ubhekwa njengenhlanzi emnandi nethenda, ingaphekwa ngobumnandi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Njengengxenye yenyama, ushizi uqukethe inani elikhulu le-chromium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus. Lezi zinto zinomphumela omuhle emzimbeni:

• ushukela wegazi usayizi
• kusiza ukususa amanoni omzimba ngokweqile
• isiza ukuqunjelwa,
• isiza ngokuqwasha
• kususa umoya omubi
• kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi,
• isiza ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukudangala,
• ithuthukisa ukugaya,
• i-cholesterol ejwayelekile egazini.

Izinhlanzi ziwusizo kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nakunina abancelayo. U-Peled ulusizo kubantu banoma yiphi yobudala. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga ngezinzuzo zezempilo.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinzuzo zezinhlanzi, awukwazi ukuzidla kakhulu futhi kaningi. Lokhu kungadala umphumela ongemuhle ngendlela yokusabela komzimba, imvamisa ezinganeni. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi kungadala isicanucanu, ikhanda kanye nosizi esiswini. Ayinazo izakhamzimba. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo okubalulekile kwamaminerali, okunamafutha acid namaprotheni, kunciphisa ubungozi bomdlavuza. Ukuze uzivikele ezintweni ezilimazayo, kungakuhle ukuthi uthenge kuqala ezitolo.

Ikhalori kuqala ngu-100 g womkhiqizo -125.9 kcal. Kunconywa ukufaka imenyu yokudla okulinganiselayo, kepha ungadli okungaphezu kokujwayelekile. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungadli okudlula okungama-2-4 ngeviki ngezinzuzo zezempilo.

Ukupheka kuqala

Ukusuka kwenyama yenhlanzi inambitha kakhulu futhi izitsha ezinempilo zitholakala. I-pred othosiwe okumnandi kakhulu. Inyama enamafutha olubushelelezi futhi oluthambile ekunambithekeni. Abaningi abagcini nje ukuyigaya, kepha babuye basebenzise i-marinate, usawoti bese ubhaka. Kunamathambo ambalwa kakhulu kuwo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugcwalisa ushizi ngokugcwaliswa okuhlukile. Okuvame ukugcotshwa ngemifino bese kudluliswa ku-ukhilimu omuncu.

Njengoba i-peled ingeyeqembu lezinhlanzi ezibalulekile zentengiso, ingathengwa ngefomu elomile nelibhemayo. I-pred ebhemayo inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, kuyabanda futhi kuyabhema. Izakhamizi ezisezifundeni ezisenyakatho zifuna kakhulu ushizi omisiwe futhi omisiwe.

Izinhlobo ze-peled

I-Ichthyology ihlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-peled:

• Umfula - uchithe impilo yakhe emifuleni, ubonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, ukuthomba kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila,
• echibini elijwayelekile - lihlala emachibini, lingashiyi umkhawulo wedamu lokuzalwa lwalo.
• ichibi elimfishane - lihlala amachibi amancanyana ane-plankton ampofu, likhula kancane, lingafinyeleli amanani aphakathi kwesisindo.

Izikhathi zomfula kanye nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamachibi zikhula ngobude obungu-50-60 cm futhi zifinyelela isisindo esilingana no-2-3 kg, kwesinye isikhathi zibe ngaphezulu. Ifomu les ichibi le-peled alifinyeleli ku-0,5 kg.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Kusuka esigabeni se-fry kuya kumdala izinhlanzi zangaphambili kukhula kungakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha, ukuthomba kuphela ezinhlotsheni zomfula ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, echibini - ngeminyaka engama-5-7. Ophambili uhlala iminyaka eyi-8 kuya kweyi-11. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ziqala ukuvela lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-6.

Ukuze zizalwe, zidinga izindawo ezolile ezinamanzi amile. Isikhathi sokuhluma senzeka ekuqaleni kwekwindla, eminyakeni ethile ekuqaleni kobusika, lapho iqhwa livela emanzini echibini. Ngakho-ke, izimo zesimo sezulu zinquma isikhathi sokuqala kokukhula, okungasukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuZibandlela.

Izikhala ezifanele zokungena echibini eliqabulayo ziyoba izindawo zokuphuma kwentwasahlobo, nezindawo zomfula ezingena ngaphansi kwamanzi ngesibabule noma ngesihlabathi kanye nokushisa okuphansi kokugeleza kwamanzi. Ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-peled kuphakamisa ukufudumeza kwamanzi kungabi ngaphezu kwama-degree ayi-8, ngokuseduze ne-zero.

Umuthi wangaphambi kowesifazane ungashanela amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-80 mayelana nobubanzi obuyi-1.5 mm ku-tint ophuzi ophuzi, ofana nombala wamatshe angaphansi. Masinyane ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, izibungu zifinyelela ku-7-8 mm ubude bomzimba.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ngemuva kweviki elilodwa noma amabili sebevele bezama ukudla i-zooplankton. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi siqala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, isithosi sokuthosa ngesikhathi iqhwa liqala. Ngemuva kokutholwa kabusha kwe-yolk sac, ukukhula okuncane kushintsha ngokuphelele ukondla e-zooplankton.

Ngokwesiko, intengo yezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile ingumyalo wesisindo esingaphansi kunenhlanzi yasolwandle, okuyimpikiswano eqinile ekunqumeni ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlanzi - olwandle noma umfula - nikeza ukukhetha.

Phakathi kokunye, izinhlanzi zasemfuleni, kufaka phakathi umfula ngaphambili, okufanayo ngenani lokudla okwenziwe yinyama yenkukhu futhi kubhekwa njengomthombo ocebile wamaprotheni womzimba. Ngaphandle kwalokho inyama yangaphambili Inezimfanelo eziphakeme kakhulu zesisu, inesisa, icishe ibe nalutho, ikhumbuza ukunambitheka kwenyama ye-om, ilusizo kakhulu, njengenyama yabo bonke abalimi.

Inyama kanye i-peled caviar Ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo lwezinzwa, ipheshana lesisu, kanye nesistimu yenhliziyo, enomphumela omuhle ekuvuselelweni kwamaseli womzimba:

• chromium - inikeza ukuzinza kwamazinga kashukela wegazi ajwayelekile,
• potassium - isekela ithoni yemisipha yenhliziyo,
• phosphorus - ejwayelekile imisebenzi yohlelo lokuzala,
• calcium - umphumela omuhle kwezicubu zamathambo nezamazinyo.

Ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe inyama yangaphambili kuthuthukisa ukunakwa kokunakwa ekudleni, kuqeda izimpawu zokukhathala okungapheli, kukhuthaza ukulala okunempilo, kuthokomele ukuqedwa kwezimpawu zokuxineka nokungaphatheki kahle, ukuphazamiseka kokulwa ekusebenzeni kwepheshana lesisu, kuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba nezinwele.

Ushizi ungathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile ezithengisa imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi noma ezitolo ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile kuthengiswa izinhlanzi kuvezwa ngefomu elibandayo, elibhemayo noma elomisiwe.

Intengo kuqala kuya ngohlobo lokucubungula, nosayizi: amakhophi amakhulu abaluleke ngaphezu kwamancane. EMoscow, inani eliphansi lokuthengisa lekhilogremu elilodwa le-peled liyashintshashintsha azungeze ama-ruble angama-200-400:

• omisiwe ngaphambili - Ama-ruble angama-375 ngekhilogremu ngayinye,
• ukubhema kuqala - ama-ruble angama-375 ngegilog,
• i-pred-iqhwa kuqala - ama-ruble angama-215 ngekhilogremu

Badla i-peled ne-caviar, equkethe zonke izinto eziwusizo kwifomu elihlanganisiwe. Intengo yokuthengisa yamathini ka gram 450 we-caviar enosawoti omncane ama-ruble angama-900-1000.

Izinhlanzi ze-Peled - incazelo kanye nendawo yokuhlala

I-Pelyad, eyaziwa nangokuthi ushizi, inhlanzi enamanzi aphakathi naphakathi ayingxenye yomndeni wamaSigi wemvelo womndeni wakwaSalmon. UPelyad uhlala ezigodini zemifula ezingena e-Arctic Ocean, nase-Amur basin. Ububanzi bawo bemvelo busuka eMfuleni iMezen entshonalanga kuya eLake Ilirnei empumalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi igcwele ngokwenziwe emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi enkabeni yeRussia naseningizimu yeSiberia.

UPeled ungumzimba omude: umzimba mude futhi ucindezelwe ngokuqinile kamuva. Ngobude, ingafinyelela ku-55 cm ngesisindo esifinyelela ku-3 kg, ezimweni ezingavamile, ingakhula ibe ngu-5 kg. U-Peled angahlukaniswa kalula kwezinye izinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-whitefish ngesimo somlomo (umhlathi ongenhla uphuma kancane ngaphezulu kwephansi) kanye nama-stamens amaningi (kuze kube yizicucu ezingama-68). Umbala ezinhlangothini uyisiliva elikhanyayo, ingemuva linombala omnyama, ikhanda nenhlansi yendawo enamachashaza amachashaza amnyama amnyama.

Yize i-peled ibhekwa njengezinhlanzi zasemfuleni echibini, ithanda ukugwema izindawo ezinokugeleza okusheshayo, incamela amachibi, abadala nemikhono emincane nje. UPelyad uzizwa ekhululekile kakhulu emachibini avaliwe, yingakho evame ukufakwa emachibini amancanyana futhi isetshenziswe ngisho nasekufuyeni izinhlanzi echibini.

Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izindlela ezintathu noma amafomu e-pred - umfula (uhlala emifuleni, ukhula ngokushesha, uvuthwa kakade ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila), ichibi elijwayelekile (lihlala ngaphandle kwechibi echibini lapho lazalelwa khona) nelichibi elimfushane (lihlala echibini elincane lamachibi angenalutho, likhula kancane, hhayi ukuthola isisindo esiningi). Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinhlanzi ezidla phambili ezihlala echibini - elimfishane noma ezijwayelekile - ikakhulu zixhomekeka echibini uqobo.

Ukuqhuma kokuqala ekwindla ngenkathi kubanda, okuthi ezindaweni zayo kuqale ngoSepthemba kuya kuZibandlela. Ukuze usakaze echibini, ukhetha amaphuzu okhiye wokuphuma, nasemifuleni - izindawo ezinamatshe aphansi. Ukusuka kwifry kuya kumuntu omdala, umphambili ukhula ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kepha ufinyelela ebusheni kuphela iminyaka engu-3-8 yempilo. Ukhula kakhulu eneminyaka eyi-6. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu se-pred sikhawulelwe iminyaka eyi-11.

Iqiniso elithandekayo. Leli chibi kanye ne-lake-river pred ngezinye izikhathi liphuma lingene emfuleni onamatshe amdaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, entwasahlobo, lapho imifula yasenyakatho igcwala indawo enkulu ye-Arctic, ama-pred ashibilika ngenkuthalo ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi, lapho kunokudla okuningi. Kodwa lapho nje amanzi eqala ukuncipha, inhlanzi ngokushesha ibuyela eziteshini nasemifuleni yayo.

Ukubamba kuqala

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ushizi ungowezinhlobo zezentengiso ezibalulekile, umthamo wokubanjwa kwawo awunakubizwa ngokuthi mkhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zithanda amachibi ezindaweni ezikude futhi ezinabantu abaningi, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nezindawo ezisenyakatho ezingakhiwanga.

Ukudobakuqala eqhutshwa eduze kwamadolobhana namadolobhana we-Arctic. Emuva ezikhathini zaseSoviet, ukubanjwa kwezidalwa zangaphambili zazingafinyelela kumathani angama-200 ngonyaka, kepha okwamanje leli nani lincane. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngokudoba kohwebo ushizi akuwenzi umqondo. IPelyad iyinto enhle yokudotshwa kwezemidlalo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yezwe.

Ukubamba kuqala kukhiqizwa unyaka nonyaka. Azizwakali kahle ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi komoya-mpilo emanzini, okunomthelela enhlalakahleni yakhe kuyo yonke inkathi ebandayo. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, lapho sekuphele imithombo yokudla yamachibi, izinhlanzi zintanta ebusweni bamanzi angaphansi kweqhwa uqobo, lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba yisisulu somdobi.

Izinkathi ezinhle kakhulu zokubamba ushizi kungu-ekwindla, ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Ehlobo, ukudoba kuvinjelwa ukuba khona echibini lokudla okwanele kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukudoba kungaletha ubunzima kwezinye izikhathi zonyaka. Uma i-plankton ingekho, inhlanzi izoshintshela ekondleni izidalwa ezingaphansi, futhi amabheyisi ajwayelekile ayeka ukukuthakazelisa.

I-peled inamahloni, ngakho-ke isimo esihle kakhulu sokubamba ithule, ngenkathi ukuphonsa kufanele kwenziwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukuthi umdobi akhethe izinhlamvu ezihlangana ngombala nendawo ezungezile.

Isikhala samanzi nemibuthano ekhethekile izosiza ekuboneni indawo yezinhlanzi. Kukholakala ukuthi uma ushizi ungabonakali ngaphakathi kwehora, kusho ukuthi awukho nhlobo, futhi kufanelekile ukubheka enye indawo.

Ebusika, ungasebenzisa induku yokudoba ejwayelekile, futhi ehlobo kuzoba kahle ukusebenzisa induku yokudoba edlanzayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isinki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadobi abanolwazi bayasebenzisa ukubamba phambili fishi ukudoba ngenduku yokudoba yamamitha ayi-5, inethi ne-gill amanetha.

Ukulunywa ushizi kufana nejezi ebukhali. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zingadala ubunzima ekulweni. Lokhu kudinga ukuqaphela lapho utshelwa, njengoba izindebe zangaphambili zithambile, futhi zingaphuka kalula futhi zijule. Kulokhu, kufanele uzame ukukopisha ukunyakaza okufushane okubukhali.

Lapho ushizi wokudoba, kusetshenziswa umugqa wokudoba onobubanzi obungu-0,2 mm, igobongo likhethwa kunombolo 4 noma 5. Ngokudoba nge-pred, i-pobedok iyasebenziseka - induku ejwayelekile emayelana nemitha ubude, lapho kufakwa khona umugqa wokudoba ongamamitha ama-3-4 ohola oluzi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngaphandle kokuntanta.

Faka isicelo se-pobradok eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Umdobi ungena ekujuleni komfula futhi azame ukushukumisa amanzi, ngoba amanzi anodaka aheha ushizi. Inhlanzi inethemba lokuthola ukudla efwini elinamafu. Ngokubona isiheho, uyayibamba.

Futhi abadobi, bebambe i-pobedok eduze kwezinyawo zabo, bathola ukubanjiswa okulula. Inkambo yomfula ithwala isiheho, ngakho-ke kufanele idonswe emuva ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwengxenye yesine yehora, ukudoba okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuya ngamamitha ambalwa ukhuphuka umfula bese uphinda ukwamukela.

Ehlobo, ama-angler asebenzisa ngempumelelo ama-Earthworms, ama-mollusks, noma ama-bloodworms for bait. I-Maggot ayisebenzi kangako, kepha kwesinye isikhathi nayo iyasetshenziswa. UPelyad uthanda ukuhlala ebangeni elingaba imitha nengxenye ukusuka phansi.

Ebusika, kuzoba okulungile ukuthi ungene esikhundleni sebheyidi bukhoma nge-mormyshka. Ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokudoba ebusika usebenzisa izimbobo ezibopha umchilo: Izingcweti ezinesipiliyoni zimboza umgodi weqhwa ngeqhwa ukuze isithunzi esivela emgodini weqhwa sidlule ebusweni bamanzi emgodini.

Isikrini seqhwa sakhiwe cishe ngamamitha ukuphakama. Isihebe simi cishe ku-5 cm ukusuka ohlangothini lwesisindo seqhwa lapho sihlangana namanzi. Uma ubuqili obunjalo bungalethi imiphumela, ungazama ukwehlisa ibhethi ekujuleni okuphakathi noma ukubeka ngokushesha ngaphansi kweqhwa.

Ngaphezu kokudoba ezimeni zemvelo, ushizi unentshisekelo njengezinhlanzi zamachibi zokuzalela emapulazini.Ufuthwe eCentral Russia, enyakatho nasenkabeni yeYurophu, futhi naseCentral Asia.

Ukubaluleka Economic peled

Ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona izinhlanzi zangaphambili, kubhekwa njengenhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso, noma kunjalo, amanani ayo abanzi kakhulu. Ngisho nangezikhathi zeSoviet, ukubanjwa kwayo okukhulu bekungamathani angama-200 kuphela. Namuhla, isilinganiso sincane kakhulu. Ukuqina okuphansi kokudoba akuhlotshaniswa nezitokhwe ezincane zezinhlanzi, kepha neqiniso lokuthi izidalwa ezihlala kuqala zihlala ezindaweni ezikude nezicishe zixotshwe kude nenyakatho yezwe. Ukudoba i-Amateur nezentengiselwano kuqhutshwa okungenamqondo eduze kwezindawo ezimbalwa ze-Arctic.

Njengoba kunikezwe ubukhulu bokubanjiswa kwangaphambi konyaka, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokudoba ezimboni. Kepha ezifundeni ezisenyakatho i-peled yinto yokuloba kwezemidlalo. Bayibamba unyaka wonke, njengoba ingangeni ekubandakanyeni. Inkinga enkulu yabadobi base-amateur ukuthi i-peled inamahloni ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuyibamba. Lokhu kudinga ukuthula buthule.

Kodwa njengoba yokufakelwa echibini lezinhlanzi zizalela peled Sinesithakazelo esikhulu. Ngaphezu kweCentral Russia, le nhlanzi ifakwa osomabhizinisi kulo lonke elaseNyakatho naseNkabeni yeYurophu, naseCentral Asia.

Fish peled - izici ezibaluleke

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-peled ekudleni kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemiphumela emihle emzimbeni. Izici ezizuzisayo zezinhlanzi zokuqala ziqala ngeqiniso lokuthi ucebile kuyo yonke inkimbinkimbi yama-macro- kanye nama-microelements anomthelela ekubuyiselweni kwamaseli futhi wenze ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lwezinzwa kube lula. Inyama ye-Peled iqukethe inani elikhulu le-chromium, elidingakalayo ukuze kulondolozwe amazinga kashukela aphezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-peled kusiza ukulala kube okujwayelekile, kuvimbele ukubonakala kokudana nokuxineka. Ukusebenza kwale nhlanzi ekulweni nokuqunjelwa kanye ne-halitosis nakho kuyaphawulwa. Izinto eziqukethwe enyameni yale nhlanzi zisiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba.

Ukwethula ngokwehla ekudleni, ungakunqoba ukukhathala okungapheli futhi uthuthukise ukugxila. Inyama yale nhlanzi inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, kufaka phakathi nokusiza ukulwa nama-spasms nobuhlungu esiswini. IPotassium, ecebile ngaphambili, yenza kube lula ukusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo, futhi phosphorus yenza ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuzala, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.

UPeled uyi-prophylactic enhle ngokumelene ne-atherossteosis, njengoba yehlisa i-cholesterol. Futhi muhle njengomkhiqizo wokudla, ngoba okuqukethwe kwakhe kwekhalori kungama-126 kcal kuphela nge-100 g.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele ahlukunyezwe, ngoba lapho udla i-peled ngobuningi, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu besisu ngisho nokusabela komzimba kungenzeka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane.

I Powered peled?

Ukudla okuyinhloko ushizi yi-zooplankton kanye nama-crustaceans. Lokhu inkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezabanjwa peled wayengayi ngolaka lolo, evamile amanye amalungu nezilwane izinhlanzi. Peled wabanjwa ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukuze uthole indawo lapho izinhlanzi zidla khona, naka imibuthano ethile bese uqhuma ngaphezulu kobuso bamanzi.

Njengoba ukudla peled lungasetshenziswa izibungu, izimpethu, omiyane, bloodworm, molluscs, amphipods, gammarids. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ehlobo, abadobi zisebenzisa ukubamba indlela bezmormyshechny.

Ingabe kukhona i-opisthorchiasis ku-pike?

Impendulo yombuzo ukuthi kukhona opisthorchiasis Pike, amanga phezu. Pike, okubhekisele zinhlobo izinhlanzi okuzingela, ngokusho kongoti kakhulu akakwazi ubuhlungu helminths. Izici zokuvikelwa kwezinto eziphilayo zale nhlobo azivumeli izinambuzane ukuthi zikhule, ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ngabe i-pike igula yi-opisthorchiasis ayinangqondo ngokunemba okungu-99%.

Opisthorchiasis e Pike kwezinye izimo kungase kube nokudla okuphakelayo izinhlanzi ongcolile, kodwa Ezimweni ezinjalo ezingajwayelekile kakhulu. Umuntu ungenwa opisthorchiasis Pike kunzima kakhulu, kodwa uma udle enobuthi izinhlanzi isibindi ibuthakathaka, ingozi yokutheleleka inyuka, njengoba ama-trematode ngokuvamile athinta lesi sitho.

Kanjani ukuba agweme amagciwane izibungu

Ukuze uvikele ngokwabo kanye nemindeni yabo kusukela opisthorchiasis esiyingozi peled kumele ithengwe kuphela ezindaweni eziphephile. Umthengisi kufanele abe nemibhalo eqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezimpahla nendawo ayikhishwa kuyo. Imikhiqizo okuyinto zinokokulawula impilo zabhekana, ukuletha umzimba ukuba wusizo kakhulu.

Ngenxa sengcupheni yokutheleleka nge izimpethu is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba adle inhlanzi eluhlaza futhi waphathwa kabi. Ngomkhuba wokuyidla eluhlaza, ungalindela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esiyingozi se-opisthorchiasis ngesiqinisekiso esingu-100%. Indlela umsindo inqubo ukulungiselela zezinhlanzi kuzovimbela izilokazane ukuthola futhi impilo Protect.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izibungu (metacercariae) ngendlela emangalisayo eziqinile. Bayakwazi ukubekezelela imiphumela yokushisa okubucayi futhi baqhubeke nokusebenza isikhathi eside. Nokho, kuncike elula obusa ungagwema ingozi yokutheleleka, futhi kuphephile ukupheka izitsha okumnandi. Kufanele ikhumbule ukubaluleka amaphuzu alandelayo:

• ukuze ucubungule umkhiqizo udinga ukuba nommese ohlukile, ukunquma ibhodi nesitsha,

• ngaphambi isikhathi eside umnkantsha zezinhlanzi ngaphambi ukupheka kunomthelela lapho kubhujiswa lesi izimuncagazi yawo,

• ngesikhatsi ukupheka kufanele ugcine umkhiqizo emanzini abilayo imizuzu okungenani engu-15,

• ngesikhathi sokuthosa inhlanzi udinga ukumboza i-pan imizuzu engama-20-25, ukuze uthole umphumela omkhulu, ukuthosa kungandulelwa ukupheka.

Helminths wabulala ngokuphelele ngemva kwamahora angu-32 ezingeni lokushisa -28 degrees, futhi -40 ayafa emahoreni angu-7 kuphela. inhlanzi Fresh kungaba cishe inyanga efrijini ezivamile. Ukuqandeka komkhiqizo kwenziwa ngama-t -8-12 degrees okungenani izinsuku ezingama-20 nangama-t -2632 degrees okungenani izinsuku ezi-3.

Ingabe opistorhoznoj inhlanzi?

Akubona bonke bacabange ngalokho uhlobo ingozi kungenzeka silindele abathandi izinhlanzi ubanjwe ngemva komfula. Cishe ama-90% ezinhlanzi atheleleka ngezibungu ze-opisthorchiasis. Fish kanti izibungu izibungu sabanjwa imifula emikhulu njenge-iVolga, Urals kanye ob, Irtysh, Dnieper naseNorthern Dvina.

Isakazwe umbono wokuthi ukulawula isifo Vector kuthiwa kuphela ukudoba omkhaya carp. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi i-peled ayihlanganisi izibungu. Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.

inhlanzi Carp ezibhekwa abaholi endaweni ukungcola, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kungenzeka itheleleke kanye nezinye izinhlobo izinhlanzi ukuthi uthanda amanzi abandayo. Opisthorchiasis kungathatha impande emzimbeni a sebuningini izinhlanzi, kulesi simo peled iyathinteka. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amagciwane ama-opisthorchiasis atholakale kaningi kulolu hlobo lwe-whitefish. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-kuyingozi ngokukhethekile ukudla izinhlanzi ukudla, ngoba kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka nge-worm.

Ukuba khona izikelemu peled incike lapho peled izimpilo. Phambilini, ama-opisthorchiasis ahlala kuma-mollusks nezinhlanzi zomndeni we-cyprinid. Curd okufanele abekeke ukungcoliswa uma ngihlala carp emanzini kuphela.

Peled - izinhlanzi okuzingela owadlayo nezinye lezinhlanzi nezimbaza, ngenxa yalokho iba umthombo ukutheleleka kwabanye. Amaqanda wezibungu angena emzimbeni we ushizi kanye nezinhlobo zokudliwayo; lapho, ukuvuthwa nokuqhubeka okwengeziwe kuyenzeka.

Kulula ukubona amagciwane lapho obeka izibilini zenhlanzi. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela ibukeke izimpethu atypical imfundo ngesimo olumhlophe irayisi okusanhlamvu. Ukubona lokhu, akunangqondo ukungabaza, ushizi ungenwe yizimpethu. Lapho kudliwa izinhlanzi angcolile, izimpethu yokulala sesibindi gallbladder womuntu, lapho ngentshiseko baqale amaqanda.

Ukudoba sasehlobo

Ungabamba kuqala unyaka wonke, kepha ukudoba ehlobo kungcono. Thola indawo yokudoba isimo sikuvumela yokwanda amanzi eyinqaba izithakazelo. Ukudoba iflothi induku ngaphandle umthwalo - indlela engcono kakhulu. Kuyinto elula ukubamba i-pred futhi indize ukudoba ngenduku yokudoba kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-5.

line ukudoba kungcono ukusebenzisa obukhulu 0.2-0.22 mm. ngixhumane kangcono №4 noma №5. Fish bite ifana Jerk abukhali, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma emzaneni senhlanzi enkulu. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga lonke ikhono lapho ulwa.

phezu iVolga ukubamba peled kusetshenziswa pobradka, ezivamile imitha induku nge umugqa wokudoba usuka ku-2,5 uye ku-4 m. pobradkov okunjalo esetshenziswa eziningana. Ngenani amanzi kude nasolwandle futhi wenze onodaka amanzi. Lokhu kuheha izinhlanzi, futhi yena ugijimela kulokhu kuqubuka, enethemba lokuphanga. Ukubona lolo, ulibambe wakhe. Kuleli qophelo, futhi kufanele iphathwe, kodwa ahlabayo abukhali. Ibheyili kancane kancane izogudluzwa yilokhu okukhona futhi kuzodingeka ukukususa njalo, bese ukhuphuka izitebhisi ezimbalwa ukhuphuka.

Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo ezivamile lolo inyokane, inyama mollusc oqoshiwe, omiyane noma inundu. Izimpethu kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa. I-Bait ayidingeki. Ngezinye izikhathi ukusebenzisa JIG. Lolo kufanele igcinwe kude kusuka phansi isigamu imitha imitha unikwa ukujula peled ndawo.

Ukubamba okuphambili ehlobo kwezokudoba, ividiyo:

Ukuvimbela

Ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa lapho usebenzisa opisthorchiasis peled, kufanele ulandele abanye izinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nokulungisa imithetho le nhlanzi esihlwabusayo:

• ukusika izinhlanzi isidingo sibe nebhodi ahlukene nommese okwenziwa ngokucophelela ngamanzi ashisayo futhi yokuwasha emva ukusetshenziswa, nazo egcinwe ngokuhlukile ezinye izinto ekhishini,
• kunconyelwa ukuthi okufakwayo kusanda kubanjiswa kube yiqhwa ngokujulile, izinhlanzi ezincane zibandiswe ekushiseni komoya ongu---28 ° C futhi zifakwe amahora amaningi, ezinkulu - izinsuku ezi-3,
• uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi 40 degrees, izilokazane eziphila ngezinye ezikuye zingadilizwa kungakapheli amahora 7-10, uma kuziwa yasendlini efrijini - izinhlanzi wakhe ubambe okungenani inyanga,
• Slow okokuqandisa ikuvumela ukuba aluqede ngokuphelele izibungu amagciwane, kanti shock we amaqanda helminth basinde eziyingozi,
• ukubiliswa kwangaphambili kufanele kube imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, noma ngabe ungakanani, izibungu ze-opisthorchia ziqinile kakhulu,
• gazinga inhlanzi kufanele kube epanini ukuthosa ngesivalo imizuzu 20-30,
• ngaphambi kokuthi kube khona isidumbu ukupheka ushizi kudingeka kuhlolwe khona izibungu (metacercariae) bese uwasuse,
• i-peled ivame ukufakwa usawoti noma ukubhema, izinhlanzi ezincane zidonswa usawoti izinsuku eziyi-5, kanti izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu azikho ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-10,
• awuthunqise peled indlela kuphela Kunconywa ukuba ashisayo, ukubhema abandayo le nhlanzi akuyona opisthorchis efanelekayo asibhubhi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi iluhlaza noma izibilini is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba ukondla izilwane, ikakhulukazi izinyoni. Lapho udla izilwane ezinegciwane, kukhona nengozi yokuhlasela nesifo se-opisthorchiasis

Gwema ukutheleleka kuphela uma zonke izinyathelo ezithathwayo uma ukusika futhi balungiselela peled

Peled - izinhlanzi angenasawoti bohlobo lwe-whitefish. Isisindo esiphezulu esifinyelela kuqala singama-5 kg, futhi ubude bucishe bube yingxenye yemitha. IPelyad yinhlanzi esenyakatho, itholakala emigodini ebandayo yoLwandle i-Arctic, imifula yaseSiberia ne-Urals futhi kubhekwa njengezinhlanzi echibini, ngoba ithanda amanzi amile ukugeleza. I-peled idla ama-crustaceans, ngakho-ke inyama yayo inambitheka obumnandi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokubanjiswa kwezimboni, abalimi baphinde bazale ama-pred, okuyinto enconyelwa kakhulu yimvelo yokuzithoba yendawo yokuhlala.

Izici zokudoba ebusika

inhlanzi Peled akuyona namawashi ahlekisayo, akudingi ngokweqile umoya-mpilo, ngakho ebusika kulula ukubekezelela ukungabi khona ngaphansi eqhweni. Kodwa ebusika eside, izinhlanzi nzima ukuzondla. Ngalesi sikhathi, igijimela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu ngaphansi kweqhwa uqobo. Noma yimuphi lolo ngalesi sikhathi, isibambiso ukudoba yimpumelelo.

Catch peled rod ukudoba evamile nge JIG. Ukudla okubukhoma akudingeki. Banikezwe ukuzinyeza zezinhlanzi kufanele kube izinhlanzi, kuhlomisa ukubopha kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukwakha ezinamasondo iqhwa emhlabeni umgodi. Ukuphakama kumele okungenani kube imitha yokufihla ngokuphelele umgodi emjondolo.

Bait abanalo lishonile kunesikhumba 5 cm kusukwa phansi iqhwa. Uma bite akuyona, une ukudoba ezijulile, noma kwamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele ondle inhlanzi ngehonww owomile wegazi. Ngaye izinhlanzi avuke ekujuleni, futhi ngeke ngenkuthalo iluma.

Inhlanzi yokupheka

Inyama kaPelyad imhlophe, inamafutha, amathambo omgogodla nobambo kuphela, omnandi ngephunga, okhumbuza ikhukhamba elisha. Lokhu kwenza kube ezikhangayo ukulungiswa izibiliboco Culinary. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu yena uthole uthando omama kanye restaurateurs. Ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa, noma isiphi isidlo sibukeka sithokomele futhi sinephunga elimnandi. Izitsha best etholakala izinhlanzi fresh.

Fish muhle inkambo wokuqala, kusukela kuye ukupheka isobho emangalisayo futhi ecebile. I-pred efakiwe ibhekwa njengento efanelekile. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela amathambo elincane inyama, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ulungiselele izinhlanzi gefilte, okuyinto evame ephekwe ukhilimu omuncu. Futhi lokhu kulungiselelwa izitsha Culinary izinhlanzi bendabuko abilisiwe, okuthosiwe noma iyisitshulu, vyalyat peled, ngibhema njengoba ashisayo-amakhaza. Kepha nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, izinhlanzi zihlala zinambitha futhi zinempilo.

Inenzuzo ezakhiweni womuntu peled

inyama Peled iqukethe esibalulekile ama-microelements awusizoPotassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium, insimbi ne-zinc. amavithamini I-PP futhi To. Imininingwane Nutritional 100g komkhiqizo ngamunye kunqunywa:

• Calorie 126 kcal,
• Amaprotheni 19.2 g
• Amafutha 5.4 g,
• Amanzi 74,1 g

Le sethi yezinto yenza umkhiqizo ubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono umzimba womuntu.

Izici eziwusizo. Ukudla inyama peled kuthuthukisa umzimba, kuthuthukisa isimiso sezinzwa, ngcono isimo kwesikhumba, kuqinisa imisipha yenhliziyo, ulawula kashukela futhi cholesterol, kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi.

Sengcupheni yokukhiqiza umonakalo kusuka ukusetshenziswa ukudla peled

Awekho ama-carbohydrate ngaphambiliFuthi okunamafutha unsaturated asidi isenzo njengoba Antioxidants, okwenza nokwelashwa kwayo inyama ekulweni umdlavuza.

ukusetshenziswa njalo izitsha ezivela kule nhlanzi, ezingaphezu kwesilinganiso esisetshenzisiwe, zingaholela ekusabela komzimba, ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abangagugi. Kukhona kungenzeka isicanucanu, ikhanda, futhi umuzwa esiswini gravity.

Ingozi embi kunazo zonke empilweni yomuntu ibeka engcupheni yokutheleleka ngama-flatworms ngamagciwane wesigaba se-flukes. Abakwazi singene umuntu lapho oqothulayo okunobuthi ukudla inhlanzi. Uma udle, le ezidala izifo eziyingozi engaholela ekufeni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusongela kuvela kunoma iyiphi inhlanzi.

Early kufanele peled engakutholanga kokunqotshwa helminths, kodwa kwakungenjalo. izimuncagazi eziyingozi ekuqaleni axazulule futhi shellfish ukudla peled bese kuzo ngegciwane abantu.

Intengo emaphakathi kg

Peled izivakashi ezingavamile emashalofini ezindaweni ezimaphakathi kanye eseningizimu yaleli zwe. Efomini fresh ke ayikwazi ukutholwa. Uma kuphela ezindaweni zokubamba emadolobheni lapho kudotshwa khona. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, intengo fresh-eqandisiwe peled Chelyabinsk mhlawumbe endaweni 180-200 deda. 1 kg, futhi ngaphakathi Moscow ungakwazi ukuthenga ngentengo 270 rub ngekhilogremu.

Lapho idolobha lakho likude kusuka endaweni yokubanjiswa, okuthe xaxa kuyodingeka kakhulu. Ngesikhathi umphumela intengo kanye usayizi ofanayo futhi peled uqobo kanye freshness yayo.

Izici ukudoba

Ukubamba kuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungabandakanya ezinye izinkinga.In the ukungabikho plankton nenhlanzi uyodla eziphilayo benthic, ngenxa okuyinto ngeke qalisa esiqalisweni lolo ejwayelekile. Izinhlanzi azikuthandi ukubotshwa okubukhali, ngoba lokhu kuholela ekutheni izindebe zayo ezibuthakathaka zidwengulwe. Ukudoba okubukhali kuyaphela lapho inhlanzi ijulile.

Isikhathi ukudoba

Babamba izinhlanzi unyaka wonke, kepha ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Inhlanzi inesici esihle kakhulu - ikubekezelela ngesizotha ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo emanzini, okukuvumela ukuba uzizwe ungcono ebusika bonke. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka ngaphambi kokuphela ebusika, amanzi nokudla abampofu kukhanga peled iyiphi sigqoka. Esimweni esinjalo, kuzophuma ngaphansi kweqhwa uqobo, okungase kube yinto elula kumdobi.

IGear

Peled - izinhlanzi namahloni, futhi ukubamba kangcono ukuhlala ekuthuleni kokufa. Kuvunyelwe ukuloba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukuthola indawo kuzosiza ukuchitheka emanzini nemibuthano ekhethekile. Ukudoba ebusika kunconywa ukusebenzisa induku ezivamile, futhi ehlobo ubhekwa ephumelelayo iflothi induku nge mthwalo. Kuyathandwa ngokulinganayo ukubamba ushizi ngokudoba impukane ngenduku yokudoba engamamitha ayi-5, amanetha e-gill kanye nenetha.

Ngokubamba i-peled kungcono ukusebenzisa umugqa wokudoba onobukhulu obungu-0-0-02 mm. Hook liyadingeka khetha inombolo 4 noma 5. Ukulunywa izinhlanzi sifana Jerk abukhali. Uma umuntu omkhulu ehlangana, kuzoba nobunzima ngokusinda.

Ukubamba kuqala iVolga, kungakuhle ukuthi ube pobedok nawe - induku elula yemitha. Ngu okuhlanganisa nalokho line ukudoba kanye ubude 2.5-4 m. Ngenqubo yokudoba, kusetshenziswa ama-pobradok ambalwa. Ukuqala kokudoba kuqala ngokuthi umdobi ungena ekujuleni futhi azame ukwenza amanzi abe ngamafu, ngoba ama-dregs angaphambili ayakhanga ikakhulukazi. It uvame ukuba ifu ezinodaka, enethemba lokuthi izinhlanzi. Uzobona isiheji asibambe. Ukuhlikihla kuyadingeka ngokucophelela kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kakhulu, kepha lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokubanjwa.

Peled usayizi omkhulu ongakwazi ukuhlalisa abantu isikhathi eside ukushayela emgqeni, uma nje umdobi ayenzi yonke imizamo ukuze bathole izinhlanzi. Abadobi abanolwazi babeka lokhu kubanjiswa phansi, ezinyaweni, babambelele phezulu. Okwamanje kuzokwehlisa kancane kancane ibheyithi, yingakho ngesinye isikhathi kudinga ukudonswa emuva. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-10-15 gear enjalo bayavuswa emamitheni ambalwa umfula amasu okuphindaphindiwe.

I-Bait

Ehlobo, abadobi basebenzisa i-Earthworm ejwayelekile, imollusk noma i-bloodworm njengesiheho. Kuvunyelwe ukuzama ukubamba kuqala izimpethu, kepha lokhu kudla, ngokungafani nezinketho zangesikhathi esedlule, akusebenzi kangako. Hook eyaqhutshwa emhlabeni phakathi ikholomu amanzi. Ukujula okuyintandokazi kwe-peled kubhekwa njengokude ukusuka ezansi ngamasentimitha angama-70-150.

Ebusika, musa ukusebenzisa isiheho bukhoma. Esimweni esinjalo kungcono ukusebenzisa JIG.

Ungangeza amathuba okubamba i-peled ngenye indlela: sebenzisa umgodi okhethekile, onomthunzi. Lokhu kwenziwa kalula. Kusukela iqhwa ezinamasondo wenzani emhlabeni umgodi ukuze emthunzini kubo ukubopha ngokuphelele imithombo yamanzi. Ukuphakama kwe-roller enjalo kufanele kube amamitha ayi-1. Isibheyisi sigcinwa singekho ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-5-6 ukusuka emaphethelweni phansi eqhwa. Uma izinhlanzi kungukuthi iluma, kutuswa ukudoba futhi midwater futhi eduze ice.

Kungenzeka yini ukuzala nokukhulisa izinhlanzi?

Kungenzeka ukukhulisa inzuzo yebhizinisi lokulima izinhlanzi lapho zizalanisa i-carp kuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho ekukhuphuleni umkhiqizo kwesigubhu, le ndlela ubangela zokuvimbela omuhle kakhulu helminthiasis kwezinye izinhlanzi, ngoba emthambekeni peled kokudla copepods, okuyizinto umlamuleli ebalulekile umjikelezo we ukuthuthukiswa amagciwane.

Ukuzalela nokukhulisa izinhlanzi kwenzeka ngezigaba:

1. Isigaba sokuqala siqukethe isikhumbuzo esilungiselelwe ngaphambilini lapho kutholakala khona i-caviar. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha besilisa engcono nensikazi, qala nabo emachibini amancane, lapho kamuva kuzibamba. NgoNovemba, izinhlanzi zitshalwa emachibini ahlukanayo agelezayo egumbini ngenhloso yokuvuthwa.Ivolumu yamachibi kufanele okungenani ibe ngamamitha ayi-cubic futhi ibe nesimo esidlule. Ukuze izinhlanzi zibe ntofontofo kuzo, amanzi avuselelwa njalo - njalo emahoreni ayi-8. Omunye Echibini uvunyelwe ukuba bavume kungekho kuka 1,500 ngabanye-abakhiqizi.
2. Isigaba sesibili liqukethe ukuthi abakhiqizi abenziwe ngomumo bathunyelwa ngamaqembu abantu abangama-250 ukuya echibini elincane, lapho kukhethwa khona i-caviar. Imvamisa amadoda asetshenziswa kaninginingi ngeziphazamiso zezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Amaqanda avundiswa e incubator uthunyelwa - izonikeza imibungu ezingeni elikhulu lomoya-mpilo saturation. Ngokuya kombuso wokushisa, isikhathi sokufakwayo sithatha izinsuku eziyi-123-145. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufifaza kokuthambisa kwe-caviar usebenzisa izixazululo ezikhethekile. Ngemva avele izibungu, bathunyelwa ku amakheji. Ngemuva kwesonto, bakulungele ukudla ngenkuthalo.
3. Isigaba sesithathu kuqala ngokwazisa kuka-gry echibini lezingane zonyaka, lapho zikhula ndawonye nezidumbu. Ubuningi lokutshala Kwenziwa ngesilinganiso kwezigidi ezingu 20-25 izibungu ngayinye ehektheleni 1. Ngokufanelekile, uma ukujula echibini kungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu, futhi indawo ingamahektare ayi-15-20. Kulokhu, inani le-sludge ezansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi alinandaba, ngoba owokuqala uyawushiya kanyekanye namanzi amanzeke .. Amachibi anezilwane ezisencane awadingi filtration izinyanga ezimbili. Kuphela uma izinhlanzi walonyaka kudinga kudalwa egeleza imizimba amanzi.

Yize i-peled ingazizwa ihamba kahle emanzini afudumele, kodwa kungcono ukuyigcina echibini lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingadluli kuma-degrees angama-22. Ushizi ubanjwa lapho uphawu lwehla lufika kuma-5 degrees noma ngaphansi.

Namuhla peled isilinganiso lokusinda nxazonke 50%, lapho 1 ehektheleni elisinikezayo amathani 2 izinhlanzi ngalunye ngesikhathi i Isisindo esivamile mayelana 20-25 amagremu fingerlings.

Iziphehla zonyaka zePelad zivame ukubanda ebusika be-cyprinids, kuyilapho okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo kufanele okungenani kube ngu-5 mg / l. isilinganiso sokutshala izingane zokuqala zonyaka ngehektha eli-1 sifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-120. Eminyakeni yamuva, abalimi izinhlanzi ukwakha izakhiwo for esichitha ubusika silele fingerlings peled emele "greenhouse" amachibi ukuthi lujule ukuze 2 amamitha emhlabathini.

Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokudotshwa kokuthengiswa okuthe xaxa, kunzima ukuphendula ngokungalingani. Emvelweni wemvelo, isisindo se-peled eneminyaka emithathu ubudala singama-200-350 amagremu, enhlanzi eneminyaka emine - 300-600 amagremu, yomuntu oneminyaka eyisihlanu - 500-700 amagremu. Okuningi engabizi ukuqaliswa izinhlanzi kuzoba umntwana eseneminyaka emibili.

Izimpawu zesifo

Ukutheleleka kwe-Opisthorchiasis kwenzeka lapho kudliwa inhlanzi eluhlaza noma lapho umkhiqizo ungacutshungulwa ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, i-abasengcupheni yokungenwa abameleli iyagula bezizwe abasebenzisa izitsha bendabuko zezinhlanzi zokusetshenziswa ezifana whitefish.

Uma usemzimbeni, iHelminth ayisebenzi ngempela emasontweni amabili okuqala noma ngisho nenyanga. Lesi sikhathi siyadingeka ukuze izibungu zibambe kusuka izibungu bese zifika emiseleni ye-bile - indawo oyithandayo. Lesi silwanyana odla nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.

Kunezindlela ezimbili ongakhetha kuzo ngalesi sifo: esibi futhi esingamahlalakhona. Uma izimuncagazi ziqala ukuthinta umzimba emzimbeni, khona-ke ngesonto kuzovela izimpawu zokuqala ze-opisthorchiasis: i-lethargy kanye nomkhuhlane.

Khona-ke, ezinye izinsuku 15-20 avele yisisu, ukuhlanza, ungaxhamazeli. Izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokuqinile libe ngama-39 degrees, liqala ukuphula amalunga, ama-lymph node aqhume.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu ezithweni zangaphakathi, i-jaundice ingaqala - uphawu lokuthi isibindi siyafa, kanye nobuhlungu esifubeni.

Ngo ezingamahlalakhona Yiqiniso opisthorchiasis, umuntu angase abe ngisho ubengawazi khona amagciwane amashumi eminyaka, futhi ngeke bagule. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu ezivela ku-muksun noma enye inhlanzi ye-gourmet zingaba kuphi futhi zidale izinkinga ezinkulu:

1. Isibindi. Ukutheleleka libhekene ubuhlungu emzimbeni, kwehle iphango. Kamuva, i-hepatitis, cirrhosis ngisho nomdlavuza ingavela.
2. Amanyikwe Ubuhlungu esiyitholayo Kulokhu alikho ilungelo quadrant engenhla sahamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvela iminjunju yebhande. I-gastritis ingaqala, ngisho isilonda sesisu singavuleka.
3. CNS. Kulesi simo, noma yiziphi izinkinga ze-neurological zingalindelwa, kufaka phakathi: ikhanda, ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo, ukunganakwa kanye nokudangala, ukuphazamiseka kokulala.

Ngenhlanhla, lesi sifo kulula ukusibona, udinga kuphela ukuthatha izivivinyo ze-opisthorchiasis, iyelapheka futhi kuyaqabukela kuholele ekufeni. Kodwa ukungakhululeki opisthorchiasis angabakhulula eziningi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubheka izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukuthi kube khona ukuvela kwama-helminths amaningi emzimbeni.

Ukusinda nokukhiqiza izinhlanzi

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila e amachibi peled sokusinda izinga 80% isibalo izibungu batshala unyaka 80-90% yesibili emifuleni, 60% amachibi itshalwe phakathi yearlings. Lapho i-peled ifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu yobudala, ukukhula kwayo kuncipha, yingakho ibanjwa emachibini. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi ezimhlophe, i-peled ayinciphisi ezingeni le-oksijini emanzini, ngenxa yokuthi ibekezelela ngokuqinile ukushisa kwamanzi okungaba ngu-0 degrees.

Nenzalo esezikhulile e Echibini ushizi biennial enesisindo 350 amagremu kuyinto 15 izinkulungwane amaqanda, futhi isisindo 500 amagremu - amaqanda ayizinkulungwane 200 zesifazane ngayinye peled.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi emachibini angajulile lapho kuhlanganiswa ne-carp cishe amakhilogremu ayi-100-120 ngehektha ngalinye, emachibini - kuze kufike kuma-250 kilometres ngehektha ngalinye. Kunconywa ukuthi kutshalwe i-peled emachibini amakhulu, lapho indawo ephelele ifinyelela okungenani amahektha ayi-100.

Ukuxilonga

Opisthorchiasis ukuxilonga, bonana nodokotela wakho zezifo ezithathelwanayo namakhambi ukudlula kokuxilongwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elabhorethri kuzokwembula izinga eliphakeme lamaseli egazi amhlophe nama-eosinophils, kuyilapho i-hemoglobin ivame ukuncipha,
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-fecal kuzobonisa ubukhona bamaqanda we-pathogen.

Sikhishwe umjikeleto wemphilo cwaningo amagciwane sika ayadingeka ukuze nginikeze izikhathi ezimbalwa, ngakho nje unga ngokuqiniseka qinisekisa noma siqambe ukutheleleka opisthorchiasis. Izindlela zanamuhla zokuxilonga zingaqinisekisa ukuhlasela kusetshenziswa i-immunosorbent assay exhunywe ne-enzyme yegazi, ekuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuba khona kwama-antibodies.

I-Bait

Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo ngempumelelo kodobo ekhethekile - kahle, uthele Gammarus eqandisiwe noma omisiwe. Imvunulo ephezulu esetshenziswa kaningi, kufaka phakathi amabhisikidi e-liquid, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuxubene namanzi. Ngenxa yokunambitheka okungagodli, noma emanzini abandayo kakhulu kudala umphumela wenkungu futhi kuheha i-zooplankton.

Ice emhlabeni imithombo akukhetha powder iqhwa, kusukela peled bite kangcono ezindaweni mnyama. Uma kungekho ukuluma phezulu echibini, amazinga okujula kwamanzi kufanele abanjwe. Kwezinye izindawo, izinhlanzi zibanjwa impukane yokufakelwa. Isetshenziselwa ekudobeni ice, ngisho ngaphandle iphinde itshalwe ezengeziwe ngesimo bloodworms bukhoma.

Izici ezingezinhle

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kashizi kuyacetshiswa ngokuqukethwe okuhlanganisiwe kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo ezidingekayo emzimbeni. Uma isetshenziswa kahle, izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukufeza izidingo eziyisisekelo zomzimba womuntu, zinikeze lemali edingekayo izingxenye amaminerali. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okucebile komkhiqizo kunezihibe zawo. Uma usebenzisa kabi imithetho yokusetshenziswa, ukungena kwezicubu ngamaminerali kungenzeka, okuholela:

• Isicanucanu.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
• Ukuqunjelwa.
• Ukusinda esiswini.
• Ukungezwani komzimba (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni).

Ukugwema imiphumela emibi, akufanele ufake kumenyu yomkhiqizo kaningi izikhathi 4 ngesonto. Akunconywa futhi ukufaka inhlanzi enjalo ekudleni okuhloselwe izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa. Izazi zezempilo zeluleka ukusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo owusizo kancane futhi ngokucophelela, bebheka ukusebenza komzimba.

izingozi engeziwe okuthwala amanzi lapho izinhlanzi ubanjwe. Akunconywa ukuthenga imikhiqizo edlulile ukuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka.