Igama lesi Latin: Felis lybica
Igama lesiNgisi ikati lase-Afrika
Umdlalisi womndeni wekati.

Ikati lokugibela, liphinde libe yikati lasekhaya, ikati elinamabala, ikati le-bulan lingukubhaliswa kwekati lasehlathini yasendle. Kwenzeka ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinamagwadule nasogwadule, yize ihlala emaqeleni.

Buka futhi ndoda

Eminyakeni engaba ngu-10,000 eyedlule, lapho kuqala intuthuko yezolimo nokuvela kokuhlala kwabantu abangamaNeolithic, amakati ama-steppe agcinwa aba ngabasunguli bamakati.

Ikati lama-steppe livame ukutholakala eduze kwezindlu zabantu, ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho kuba lula ukuthola inyamazane - amagundane namagundane - eduze kwezindlu. Njengesilwane esizala uboya, asibalulekile, yize ezindaweni eziningi yayizingelwa.

E-India, ibanga lehlisiwe kakhulu ngentuthuko yabantu ezindaweni zokuhlala zalesi silo.

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

I-steppe cat ihlala endaweni eyihlane, i-steppe, nakwezinye izindawo ezintabeni zase-Afrika, ngaphandle kokukhuphuka ngamamitha angama-3,000 ngaphezu kolwandle, e-East East, eCentral nase-Asia Ephakathi, eNyakatho India, naseCaucasus naseKazakhstan. Ubuningi bezindawo eziningi zokuhlala bancane. Ensimini yaseRussia njengamanje, ikati lase-steppe noma iminonjana yalo itholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezinamagwadule noma izihlahlana zesikhukhula esifundeni sase-Astrakhan, lapho ihlala khona eduze kwamanzi. Ikati le-Steppe ligwema izindawo ezivulekile, naphezu kwegama lakhona. Ihlala emathangeni, futhi izama ukugijima ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwezimila. Isembozo seqhwa esijulile asilungele ikati le-steppe, ngenxa yalokho, sigwema izindawo lapho kuneqhwa eliningi khona.

Ukubukeka

Ikati lama-steppe libukeka njengekati lasekhaya lombala "wasendle": elinamabala amancane amnyama. Ezinhlangothini, entanyeni nasekhanda, amabala kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana abe imivimbo. Umbala wejazi ungasukela kuye. Throat nesisu mhlophe noma. Ijazi liwugqinsi impela ngaphansi kwangaphansi okwakhiwe kahle. Umsila “uhlotshiswe” ngamasongo amnyama. Ubude bomzimba 49-74 cm., Isisindo kufika ku-6 kg. Umsila mude futhi mncane - 24-36 cm. Izindlebe zincanyana, amehlo, abafundi balele-befana mpo.

Paw pads enqunu, ngaphandle noboya. Izinyathelo zekati elisondela ezinyangeni zifana kakhulu nekati yasekhaya. Lapho sihamba eqhweni, ikati elisogxobho lifaka amachashazi alo liqonde ngqo futhi lilandelele umkhondo wonyawo, njengoba kwenza impungushe namakati asekhaya.

Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha Komphakathi

Ikati lasekhaya lihamba ngokuzingela ekugcineni kosuku lapho kuba mnyama. Imvamisa uchitha usuku ezindaweni zokukhosela, imvamisa kakhulu ehlala emiseleni yezinye izilwane: ama-porcupines, izimpungushe, noma acashe emahlahleni. Imvamisa amakati ahlala eduze kwamakholoni ama-rodent. Isisulu sithi "sintshontshiwe", njengoba kufanele ikati, noma sigcinwe siqaphe eduze komgodi.

Uma kwenzeka kushayisana nesitha, ikati, uma lingenaso isikhathi sokubaleka, lifaka umhlane walo e-arc, liphakamise “ukuma kwalo” bese liphenduka libheke eceleni kwesitha, kuyilapho umsila uphuma ngandlela thile. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale kukhulu futhi kusabise isitha. Uma isitha siqhubeka nokuhlasela, ikati liwela emhlana waso, bese lishaya ngezinyawo zazo zozine, lihlome ngezihlakala ezinkulu ezibukhali.

Amakati weSeppe ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, izilwane zobulili obuhlukile zitholakala kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka ukushiya inzalo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, amakati anobuso obucebile, sebenzisa okokufaka amasiko ahlukahlukene lapho exoxa nezihlobo.

Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okuphakelayo

Ikati elisogxekayo lingumhlaseli ophikisiwe. Isisekelo sokudla kwayo sakhiwa izilwane ezincane: izinduku, izinyoni namaqanda abo, izibungu. Imvamisa “ukuluma” ngezinambuzane (amabhungane, isikhonyane), kungabamba futhi kudle izimfudu ze-steppe noma ukumba amaqanda ayo. Njengoba ikati lokutholwa liyisilwane esincane, alidingi inyamazane enkulu, linelisekile yizilwane ezincane.

Amakati angabazingeli abahle, njengoba imvelo ibanikeze amathuluzi adingekayo wokuzingela: izindlakala ezibukhali, izingwebu ezinkulu nezifuba ezikhethekile zophondo olimini. Izimbobo zokuphindaphinda zihlala zibukhali njengoba zingena zingene emaphashini e-paw. Ngenxa yalolu hlaka, amakati akhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni lapho angathola khona amaqanda ezinyoni noma amaphuphu. Ama-fangs amakhulu abukhali ayizikhali ezinkulu. Ulimi lwamakati lumbozwe ukuphuma kanzima okunamandla okusiza "ukupholisha" amathambo wangaphambi kwepoland. Ukuhlelwa kwamehlo okukhethekile kukuvumela ukuba ubone kahle kusihlwa.

Ngaphambi kokuya ekuzingeleni, amakati ahlanze ngokuphelele ukuze kunganephunga elisele elingakhaphela isilo lihleli emqamelweni.

Ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo

Umjaho wamakati wokutholwa eRussia wenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari - uFebhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, amakati asezinyangeni zasendle aziphatha ngendlela efanayo namakati “aMashi” asekhaya. Abesilisa bahlela izinto ngokuzwakalayo, bejaha abesifazane. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, insikazi izalwa kusuka kwezi-2 kuya kweziyi-5, imvamisa emi-3. AmaKittens azalwa eyimpumputhe, enamanzi okuvalwa okuvalwa kuwo. Ama-kittens asanda kuzalwa anesisindo esingama-40 amagremu. Umbala wejazi ezinganeni ufana nomuntu omdala, amabala kuphela acacile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-9 kuye kwezingu-12, amehlo nezindlebe zabo zivuleka. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili nengxenye. Kancane kancane, umama ujwayela kittens ekudleni inyama. Okokuqala, ikati liletha inyamazane ebulewe ezinganeni, bese ifa ngesigamu, futhi ekugcineni, iphila ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ikati lifundisa izingane zalo ukuzingela nokubulala inyamazane. Kusukela emasontweni ayi-12, izingane ziqala ukuhamba zizingele nonina. Abesilisa ngokuvamile abavunyelwe ezinganeni.

Amazinyo obisi kuma-kittens ezinyangeni ezingama-5-8 athathelwa indawo yaphakade futhi angaqala ukuphila impilo ezimele. Ngemuva konyaka sebevele benamakhono okuzala, kepha abesilisa baqala ukubamba iqhaza ngokuzalanisa kuphela emva kweminyaka emibili.

Isikhathi sokuphila: ekudingisweni iminyaka engu-7 kuya kwe-10, kungaphansi kwesimo.

Izilwane eMoo Zoo

Embukisweni wethu, abakwaFauna baseRussia bahlala ndawonye abesifazane ababili. Bathuthela eMoscow besuka eKrasnodar Zoo. Sebegugile impela, kepha basa bonisa ikati elinjengekati, izivakashi ezingalazisa ngokudla okuphakeme. Ngobusuku balezi zilwane ezisebenzayo, kusebumnyameni ukuthi baphume nezilwane bazihambele, kodwa hhayi ngendawo ye-zoo, kodwa bangene emagumbini angaphakathi eduze kwezindiza zabo.

Lapho bathanda amagundane, izigwaca, inyama yenkomo nenkukhu. Izilwane ezinamacebo amahle nezinhle - ngamagama, amakati ...

Ikati leSeppe

Ikati leSeppe
Ikati leSeppe
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

Ikati leSeppe , noma ikati lesinyathelo , noma ikati elinamabala (lat. Felis lybica) - uhlobo lwezinhlobo zohlobo lwezinhlobo zohlobo oluthile (Cusis Cats), kwesinye isikhathi kubhekwe njengekati lezinkamba zasendle ((F. Felis silvestris lybica) Ngokwehlukaniswa kwe-taxonomic okwamukelwe ngonyaka we-2017, kuthathwa njengohlobo oluhlukile - Felis lybica . Womabili la magama esayensi asasetshenziswa.

Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kwavela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-130 edlule. Abamele aba-5 balolu hlangothi babephethwe eMiddle East eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 000 edlule baba okhokho bekati lasekhaya.

Ikati elisuka e-steppe lingasukela kumbala wesihlabathi- onsundu kuye mphuzi ngombala ngemivimbo emnyama emsileni wayo. Ijazi lifushane kunalelo lekati yaseYurophu. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-45 kuye ku-75 cm, umsila - kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-38 cm. Isisindo sisuka ku-3 kuye ku-6.5 kg. Ungawela endle ngamakati asekhaya adukile.

I-steppe cat ihlala esigxotsheni, ogwadule nasezindaweni ezisezintabeni zase-Afrika, eNtshonalanga, eCentral nase-Asia Ephakathi, eNyakatho India, eTranscaucasia naseKazakhstan. Ensimini yaseRussia, kulezi zinsuku, ikati elisuka e-steppe alitholakali kakhulu ezindaweni ezingasogwadule noma ezihlahleni ezinezikhukhula zezifunda zase-Astrakhan, Saratov, Orenburg naseRiphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia, lapho lihlala liseduze kwamanzi. Kubhalwe ohlwini lwezifunda ezibomvu zezifunda zeSaratov nase-Orenburg.

Ukuziphatha

Ngokuyisisekelo, ikati lokutholwa lidla amagundane, amagundane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Uma kunesidingo, ingakudla nezinyoni, izirhubuluzi, ama-amphibians nezinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, amakati ahamba kancane aze abambe inyamazane futhi ahlasele ebangeni elingaba yimitha elilodwa. Amakati weSeppe asebenza kakhulu ebusuku nase kusihlwa. Ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana nesitha, ikati lokutholwa lithatha izinwele ukuze zibonakale likhulu futhi lisabise isitha. Esikhathini sasemini, uvame ukucasha emahlathini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyasebenza ezinsukwini ezinamafu. Inkambu yeduna ihlangana kancane nezindawo zezinsikazi eziningana, ezivikela izivakashi ezingamenywanga. Ezinsikazi, kuzalwa amakhithi amabili kuya kwayisithupha, kepha ngokuvamile amathathu. Ikati lokutholwa liphumula futhi likhulisa ama kittens ngemisele noma emigodini. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-56 kuye kwezingama-69. Ama-kittens azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi adinga ukunakekelwa kwabomama. Ama-kittens amaningi azalwa ngesikhathi semvula lapho kunokudla okwanele. Bahlala nonina izinyanga ezingama-5-6, kuthi ngemuva konyaka sebevele bekwazi ukuzala.

Incazelo yePallas

IManul (Latin Felis manul isichazamazwi se-Otocolobus manul) iyimfesi ebukekayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi ihamba kancane futhi ihamba kancane amakati asendle.

Umnikazi wengubo yoboya obusebenza nobuso obuqondile ngokushesha waba yintandokazi yabasebenzisi be-Intanethi emhlabeni wonke. Intshisekelo kuloluhlobo ivele muva nje, ukuzalaniswa akuqondakali kahle okwamanje.

Isilo se-furry sinamagama amaningi: emibuthanweni ethile, ikati lePallas laziwa ngokuthi ikati lePallas. Wathola igama elingajwayelekile kangako ukuhlonipha owamtholayo. Ngekhulu le-XVIII, isazi semvelo saseJalimane uPeter Pallas wahlangana nekati yasendle ogwini loLwandle lweCaspian, wabe esethula ezincwadini ezibhekisa kwizilwane kanye nama-encyclopedia.

Izazi zebhayoloji zibiza le manula ngendlela ehlukile: igama elifananayo elithi otocolobus livela kwelesiGreek elithi "otos" - endlebeni nelithi "colobos" - mubi, okungukuthi, ukuhumusha okungokoqobo kuzwakala njenge "endle embi", yize empeleni izindlebe ze-manula zingekho, zinhle futhi zihle .

Lolu hlobo lekati luthanda isizungu, futhi lapho eke wakhetha indawo yokuhlala, uhlala ethembekile kuye kuze kufike ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe. Uma elinye ikati lingena ngephutha liyongena endaweni yalo, lizoxoshwa masinyane ngehlazo.

Kubukeka kanjani

Ikati yasendle ayihlukile ngobukhulu ikati lasekhaya, kodwa ibukeka imangalisa kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buyehluka phakathi kwama-52-65 cm, umsila - ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30, nesisindo somquba, ngokuya ngobulili, singaba yi-2 kg noma ama-5 kg.

Ikhadi elibizayo lale cat ukuqina kwalo. Ubukhulu besisulu bubukeka buhlaba umxhwele ngokungenamkhawulo ngenxa yoboya: incazelo yesilwane esiqondisweni ithi izinwele ezingafika ku-9000, ezingafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-70 lilinye, ngokwesentimitha eyodwa ebusweni bomzimba wakhe! Umuntu angaqagela nje ukuthi isisindo esingakanani "sejazi" lobuhle

Ikhanda, lincane uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba, linesimo esithambile, njengoba silingana nezinwele ezibushelelezi, lesi sici siphoqa ososayensi ukuthi babheke amakati kaPallas nawasePheresiya njengezihlobo ezikude. Ikhanda lekati yasendle liphela ngezindlebe ezincane ezibekiwe.

Amehlo aphuzi futhi adonsela ukunaka, abafundi babo abangazitholi njengokwakheka okufana nokwenziwe kwezinye izilwane zomndeni wekati, kepha bahlala bezungeza ukukhanya kwelanga.

Uwoyela weManula ungumnikazi wamarekhodi owaziwa ngobude nenani lezinwele. Kuwo wonke unyaka, uboya bakhe buba nokukhanya okumpunga okukhanyayo. Umbala ebusika ushintsha kancane futhi uyinhlanganisela ethokozisayo yokukhanya okumpunga nokusa. Izinwele azihlangananga emthunzini, zinezeluleko ezimhlophe, ngenxa yalokho, umuzwa we-snow plaque wenziwa.

Umbala womsila awuhlukile kumbala oyinhloko, kepha ekugcineni unemivimbo engu-6-7 eguqukayo yomthunzi omnyama. Ngaphansi komzimba onsundu ngokuhlelwa okumhlophe. Imivimbo ezinhlangothini zesizalo ihlinzeka ikati lobuso obuqabulayo kwikati yasendle ebukekayo: Imivimbo emi-2 emnyama iyelula izihlathi zayo.

Lawa makati ayizakhamizi zethafa elisendaweni eyomile, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwathatha iso lesilwane: ijubane elikhulu lokushaya livumela ukuba lihlale limanzi futhi livikelekile esihlabathini.

Indlela yokuphila nendlela yokudla

I-steppe cat manul iya ekuzingeleni kusihlwa: ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu umisa umqamekeli, alindele inyamazane yakhe eduze kwezimbobo noma amatshe. Lesi sidlakudla siminyene futhi sihamba kancane, ngeke sikwazi ukulandela inyamazane yaso isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke sikhetha elinye iqhinga. Amandla ayo ukukhuthazela noboya, obuhlangana ngokuphelele nemibala yendawo ezungezile.

Imenyu yansuku zonke yePallasa iqukethe izinyoni zehlobo ehlobo, sonke lesi sikhathi akayena umuntu ophikisayo ukuyodla ngamagundane namagundane, kwesinye isikhathi anciphise lokhu kudla ngama-gophers nama-haxterous. Ezikhathini ezimbi, ikati yasendle idla izinambuzane.

Isilwane asizikhethi ngokungakhethi izindawo zokuhlala: zisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi, amazinga okushisa aphansi, kodwa ngesembozo seqhwa esiphansi.

Ukhetha izindawo ezingama-steppe ne-semi-desert ezintabeni nasezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esincanyana, amboze indawo engamakhilomitha amane skwele, abahlaseli be-furry bahola indlela yokuphila ye-hermit, bangaxhumani nezihlobo zabo kuze kube isikhathi sokuzala.

Ikati yasendle ilele edwaleni noma emgodini, okuthi, njengomthetho, ilandele ezinye izilwane. Uyakwazi ukuzimba ngokwakhe indlu, kepha ukhetha ukungachithi amandla athe xaxa lapho kungadingeki khona.

Ikati lasehlathini lizizwa likhululekile emiseleni yemarmot, izimpungushe namabhulukwe. I-manul encane cishe ayesabi lutho, ngokuba ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okuthembekile kukamama we-fluffy.

Ungaweseka iphrojekthi WAKHO WAKHO ngokuthumela noma isiphi isamba futhi ikati lizokutshela "uMurrr"

I-athikili ephelele nemibukiso yezithombe emthonjeni

Ngubani ikati lokuqhamuka?

Ikati lasekhaya (uFelis Silvestris Lybica) ikati yasendle okuyi-subspecies lekati lasehlathini laseYurophu. Indaba ethokozisayo imvelaphi yezinhlobo ezingaphansi. Eminyakeni eyi-170,000 edlule, ama-subspecies ahlukaniswa nezinhlobo eziyinhloko. Futhi eminyakeni engama-10,000 eyedlule, la makati ayehlalwa ngabakhileyo eMpumalanga Ephakathi - lokhu kufakazelwa yimifanekiso yamakati asemaqeleni kuma-frescoes asendulo aseGibhithe. Baphenduka inzalo yazo zonke izinhlobo zesimanje.

Amakati weSeppepe - amadlozi abo bonke abahlanza basekhaya

I-subspecies uFelis Silvestris Lybica ungowomndeni wekati (Felidae), ongaphansi wamakati amancane (uFelinae), uhlobo lwamakati (uFelis), kanye nezinhlobo zamakati asehlathini (uFelis Silvestris). Phambilini, iqembu laseLybica (amakati we-steppe) lahlukaniswa laba ngamaqembu amancane amabili, ngalinye lahlukaniswa laba abameli abaningi:

• I-Steppe cat subgroup (ornata-caudata):
  • UFelis silvestris caudata (owatholakala ngo-1874),
  • UFelis silvestris gordoni (1968),
  • UFelis silvestris iraki (1921),
  • UFelis silvestris nesterovi (1916),
  • Felis silvestris ornata (1832),
  • UFelis silvestris tristrami (1944).
• amakati amancane we-bulane (ornata-lybica):
  • I-Felis silvestris cafra (1822),
  • UFelis silvestris foxi (1944),
  • I-Felis silvestris griselda (1926),
  • UFelis silvestris haussa (1921),
  • Felis silvestris lybica (1780),
  • UFelis silvestris mellandi (1904),
  • Felis silvestris ocreata (1791),
  • UFelis silvestris rubida (1904),
  • UFelis silvestris ugandae (1904).

Muva nje, noma kunjalo, izazi zezilwane ziye zanquma ukwenza lula ukuhlukaniswa. Manje wonke amakati we-steppe ahlukaniswe ama-Afrika (F.s. lybica), i-Asia (F.s. ornata) kanye neNingizimu Afrika (F.s. cafra).

Isigaba encwadini ebomvu - 4: Uhlobo oluyivelakancane, oluncane, olungafundwanga kahle olwaziwa ngabantu abaziwa ngalo. Ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuzingela nokuhlala eduze kwabantu, amakati we-steppe asengozini yokuqothulwa.

ISteppe cat - uhlobo olungandile olusongelwa ngokuqothulwa

Incazelo yokuvela kwekati lokutholwa

Zonke lezi zinkampani ezintathu zokuzalwa zamakati we-steppe ziyehluka ngokubukeka. Izici zekati lase-African steppe:

1. Umbala wejazi usuka ku-grey-yellow to brown-sand or sand.
2. Umdwebo - i-mackerel tabby (imicu).
3. Sula imivimbo ebanzi emnyama emsileni nasemilenzeni. Emzimbeni we strip, ubomvu noma nsundu, ucwebezela futhi ubonakala kalula.
4. Ijazi limfushane, elinesikhumba esingaphansi sparse, sithambile, futhi asihambelani kahle nomzimba.
5. Ubude bomzimba bungasukela ku-45 kuye ku-75 cm.
6. Ubude bomsila buhlukahluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-38 cm.
7. Isisindo - kusuka ku-3.5 kuya ku-6.5 kg.
8. Imilenze yekati iphindwe kabili ngobubanzi bomzimba, mncane futhi inciphile.
9. Ikhanda lekati lilinganiswe ngobukhulu obuphakathi, lihleliwe kahle entanjeni emisipha, ende.
10. Izindlebe zikhulu, zibanzi, ngezeluleko eziyindilinga, zibekwe phezulu futhi ziqondile, zilinganiswe kancane phambili.
11. Amehlo makhulu, anombala we-alimondi, luhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi.
    

Ikati lase-Africa steppe (F.s. lybica) linemilenze emide emide

Ikati lase-Asia

1. Umbala wejazi unesihlabathi, ansundu, ungaba ne-grey noma i-tint ebomvu. Ngokuvamile, umbala ulula futhi ufudumele kunokaF. i-lybica.
2. Iphethini ebusheni ibonakele kuthebhu.
3. Amabala amnyama amnyama anamafudlana ahlukene ahlelwe ngokungahleliwe engubeni. Emilenzeni nasemsileni - imivimbo ehlukile.
4. Ijazi lifushane, libushelelezi, lithambile, licishe lingabi nayo undercoat, futhi alixineki kakhulu emzimbeni.
5. Ubude bomzimba - kusuka ku-47 kuya ku-79 cm.
6. Ubude bomsila buyi-30-40 cm.
7. Isisindo - kusuka ku-3.5 kuya ku-7 kg.
8. Imilenze imfishane kunaleyo kaF. i-lybica, izicubu zomzimba. Umgogodla ubuye usinda.
9. Ikhanda liyindilinga, lincane noma liphakathi, intamo imfushane futhi inemisipha.
10. Izindlebe zincane, zibanzi, amathiphu ayindilinga, abekwa banzi.
11. Amehlo amakhulu amise okwama-alimondi angaba luhlaza, aphuzi futhi abe amber.
    

Ikati lase-Asiatic steppe (F.s. ornata) linephethini loboya obonakalayo

I-South African Steppe Cat:

1. Umbala wejazi ungaba nsimbi-grey ngombala obomvu, obomvana ngombala we-ocher.
2. Iphethini ebusheni yohlobo lwe-mackerel noma yethebhu ebonakalayo.
3. Imivimbo emnyama noma emnyama imboza imilenze nomsila. Imivimbo ebomvu noma nsundu noma amabala asemzimbeni aphuzi futhi acishe angabonakali.
4. Ijazi liwugqinsi, mfushane, ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngaphansi, lithambile, libushelelezi.
5. Ubude bomzimba - kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-70 cm.
6. Ubude bomsila buyi-25-38 cm.
7. Isisindo - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6 kg.
8. Imilenze iqine, inemisipha, kepha yinde.
9. Ikhanda liphakathi ngosayizi, liyindilinga, lihle. Intamo imfushane, inemisipha.
10. Izindlebe zikhulu, ukuphakama kwazo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-7 cm. Izeluleko ziyindilinga.
11. Amehlo maphakathi noma makhulu, angaba luhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi okhanyayo.
    

Ikati laseNingizimu Afrika lase-steppe (iF. Cafra), njengawo wonke amakati we-steppe, linamakhandlela amancane ezindlebeni.

Izici zokuziphatha nendawo yokuhlala

Amakati weSeppe ayizilwane zakusihlwa. Imvamisa bayahamba bayozingela kusihlwa. Idla izinduku ezincane, izinyoni namaqanda ayo, izibankwa, izinambuzane nama-amphibians. Ukuzingela kusuka ekuqamekeleni, ukulandela umkhondo phansi nokuhlasela ngokuxhuma okukodwa. Ngaphambi kokuzingela, khotha ngokucophelela, ufihle iphunga lawo. Njengomthetho, la makati achitha usuku lonke ecashe emiseleni yamaphekula noma izimpungushe noma acashe endaweni eshisiwe.

Zinezitha ezanele emvelweni: abantu, izimfene, izimpungushe, izinja, amakati amakhulu. Lapho uhlangana nesitha, ikati elibambe izinyawo, uma lingenaso isikhathi sokubaleka, libambe umhlane walo ku-arc, liphenduka eceleni libe sengozini, ligaye uboya bayo, licindezele izindlebe zalo nezindlebe zalo, lizame ukubonakala likhulu futhi lilibi. Lapho ihlasela, iwela emhlane wayo, igobe futhi idubuleke ngobudlova.

Amakati kaSepeppe alwa ngamandla ngokuhlaselwa lapho ehlaselwa

Esikhathini esiningi, la makati athule, awenzi imisindo engadingekile. Ibanga “lokukhuluma” labo likhulu impela: ukuhlwitha, ukumemeza, ukugunda, ukugunda, ukuqhewula. Ziba ezikhala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Amakati weSeppe ahlala yedwa, ahlangana kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalela. Kodwa-ke, ngasikhathi sinye banobuso obucebile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokuxhumana, ngazo ukuxhumana ngazo nezihlobo.

Ekati labesifazane abakhulelwe, amakati amathathu avame ukuzalwa

Isikhathi sokuzalela amakati asezingeni lokutholwa ngokuvamile siqala ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa basebenza ngokungajwayelekile, bajaha umuntu ngamunye ngesiphuphu esikhulu nangokulwela lowesifazane.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2. Ukusuka ezinkulwaneni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-6 kuzalwa, okulethwa ngumuntu yedwa. AmaKittens azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi eyisithulu, ayabona futhi athole izindlebe ezinsukwini eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-12 ubudala. Owesifazane ubondla ngobisi kuze kuphele izinyanga ezi-2, bese ebedlulisela ekudla okunempilo komzimba. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu amawundlu aqala ukuzingela nonina. Ama-Cuba ashiya "ukubhukuda kwamahhala" eneminyaka eyi-6-9 izinyanga, lapho ukuguquka kwamazinyo kusuka ebisini kuya ku-molars kuphela.

Amakati weSeppe azimele ezinyangeni eziyi-6-9

Amakati kaSepeppe avuthwa ngokobulili ngonyaka, kodwa-ke, abamba iqhaza ekuzaleni akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-2 yobudala. Ekuthunjweni, bavame ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-8-10, endle baphila okuncane kakhulu. Njengomthetho, zihlala eduze kwama-rodent colonies, futhi zivame ukusondela ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu.

Ngingakutholaphi ikati lokutholwa:

1. Esiqwini, ugwadule nezindawo zezintaba zase-Afrika.
2. Front, Central and Central Asia.
3. ENyakatho India.
4. ECaucasus.
5. EKazakhstan.
6. Ikati elibizwa ngokuthi yi-steppe cat liyatholakala nasendaweni yaseRussia, ezindaweni ezingasogwadule noma ezihlahleni ezinezikhukhula esifundeni sase-Astrakhan, lapho lihlala liseduze kwamanzi.

Amakati weSeppe angomhlaba. Izindawo zokuzingela isilwane esisodwa zingasukela ku-2 kuye ku-5 km 2. Kwabesifazane, insimu imvama.

Indawo yokuhlala kwekati lama-steppe - i-Afrika neCentral neSouth Asia - isincipha ngokushesha

Impilo ekudingisweni

Shono amakati wokutholwa aba ngabakhi bezilwane zonke ezifuywayo - zithanjiswa kalula. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukusukela usemncane kakhulu. Ukuxhumana kufanele kuqale ngamasonto angama-2-3 ubudala.

Ekuthunjweni, angaphila iminyaka eyi-15, njengamakati amaningi asekhaya. Impilo ntofontofo, badinga indiza ebanzi enezikhala ezinkulu ezivulekile, izindawo lapho ungacasha khona uma kungenzeka usongele. Indawo ebiyelwe kufanele ibe phezulu ngokwanele ukufaka ukufakwa kokukhuphuka: amakati we-steppe adinga ukuhamba kakhulu. Amakati “asekhaya” asezinkukhu ezisanda kuzalwa, amagundane adla inyama noma onogwaja.

Amakati ahlala ezindaweni zemvelo ngendlela efanayo nasendle, kepha lapho aqashwa ngokucophelela kubazingeli bomzingeli. Abanye abantu bagqoka amakhola anama-transmitter ukulandela nokuhlaziya ukunyakaza kwabo.

Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukugcinwa endlini: la makati avinjelwe ukuthengiswa ngumhlangano wamazwe omhlaba weCITES, ngoba ayizilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Noma yikuphi ukuthengiswa, ukuthuthwa nokuthengwa kwazo kubhekwa njengezenzo ezingekho emthethweni futhi kujeziswa yiziphathimandla zazo zonke izifundazwe. Noma kuma-zoo, la mafreyimu awavamile.

Amakati weSeppe anqatshelwe ukuzalanisa ekudingisweni

Uma ikati lokutholwa linqobile inhliziyo yakho, futhi uphupha isimangaliso esinjalo ekhaya, okungukuthi, izinhlobo ezifanayo kakhulu naso (iScotland Straight, iKhanaani, ikati lase-Anatoli, i-Arab Mau, i-European Shorthair) noma ngisho nalabo abaqhamuka ngqo emaqeleni amakati (ikati laseGibhithe, ikati le-Abyssinian).

Ikati lokutholwa liyisilwane esinomusa, esheshayo, esishisayo futhi esihle ngokungajwayelekile. Yikuphi, ngeshwa, kungekudala noma ngemuva kwesikhathi kunganyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba. Umuntu angathemba nje ukuthi umuntu obuka izizukulwane ezifuywayo zamakati okufika angakhohlwa ngomfowabo omncane futhi azokwazi ukumvikela ekuqothulweni.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala ikati lokutholwa

I-Steppe cat manul iyi-subspecies yekati lasendle lasendle. Abamele lolu hlangothi oluthile baba ngabakhi bezilwane ezijwayelekile. Babelungiswa iminyaka eminingi edlule, futhi bazinza ngempumelelo kuma-sofa ethu.

Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amakati asendle aqala ukuhlala nabantu, kukhona lawo asephila impilo yasendle, ekhululekile. Abamele izilwane zasendle abazona zinkulu, osayizi babo abafinyeleli ku-75 cm, kanti umsila uqhamuka ku-20 kuye ku-40 cm, kanti isisindo sisuka ku-3 kuye ku-7 kg.

Ngokuvamile, iPallas ibukeka ikati elifuywayo, elondlekile kahle. Ukubonakaliswa kobuso bakhe kuphela okungajabuli kakhulu. Mhlawumbe le nkulumo ingumphumela wokuhleleka okukhethekile kwamabala ebunzini, noma mhlawumbe amakhovu akhanyayo anika ukuqina.

Kepha ukubukeka kokudideka kumnika umzimba obukhulu, imilenze eqinile, emfishane futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kunethezekile, kuwugqinsi noboya obukhulu. Mayelana noboya kufanelekile ukutshela ngokwehlukana. Ngokuvamile, iPallas ibhekwa njenge-fry furry feline kakhulu.

Kungasemhlane wakhe kuphela, kwisikwele esisodwa sesikwele, kune-wools efinyelela ku-9000. Ubude bejazi bufika ku-7 cm. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbala wejazi elinjalo loboya obuphakathi, obhemayo noma o-ginger, kepha isicubu sejazi ngalinye sipendwe saba mhlophe futhi lokhu kunika ijazi ukuhlanganiswa kwesiliva.

Ijazi loboya alisiyisi monotonous, kukhona amabala nemivimbo. Izindlebe zale ndoda enhle yasehlathini incane, kodwa ngoboya obunethezekile ayibonakali ngokushesha. Kepha Amehlo makhulu, aphuzi kanti abafundi abekho obumbekile, kepha bayindilinga.

Kokubili ukuzwa nokuzwa kwe manul kukhulu. Lokhu kuyaqondakala - umhlali wasehlathini uvele azidinge. Kepha, okumangazayo, umuzwa wekati wokudonswa phansi usiyehlisa, ungakhuli kahle.

Lona ikati lesinyathelo Izwa ukhululekile e-steppe noma i-semi-desert. AmaManulas aqhamuka e-Iran aye e-Asia axazululekile, ungahlangana nawo eChina futhi naseMongolia. Kuyinto ethokomele ikakhulukazi amakati phakathi kwesihlahla esiphansi, naphakathi kwamadwala amancane - kulapho athanda ukuhlala khona.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila yekati lasekhaya

Ngegama elithi "ikati", kuvame ukubonakala isilwane esisheshayo, esinamandla, kepha amandla nokuhamba akusona neze isimilo se-manul. Akakwazi nje ukugijima ngokushesha. Ukugxuma nokugibela izihlahla nakho akuyona ukunambitheka kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikati liyakhathala ngokushesha okukhulu. Kungcono ukuba alale usuku lonke futhi ahambe ayokuzingela ebusuku kuphela.

Umphakathi omkhulu nawo awuthandi i-furry lounger. Yini engcono kuye ukuthi ahlalise kahle emgodini oshiywe yimpungushe noma ibheji futhi aphumule ngaphambi kokuhlwa.

Njengoba abamukeli ”bengamukeleki ngabakwaPallas, akukho muntu ongamnika izwi. Akunakwenzeka ukulinda iculo nokukhala okubabazekayo kusuka kwikati le-steppe ngisho nangezikhathi zothando kakhulu empilweni yakhe.

Kuliqiniso, ezimeni ezihlukile, angahlanza ngezwi elinamandla, noma adinwe, lokho konke angakwenza. Umzingeli wekati yasendle muhle kakhulu. Ukubekezela nokukhuthazela akuthathanga. Imanul ingalala isikhathi eside eqhweni noma phakathi kwamahlamvu, ilandelela isisulu.

Njengesisulu, akakhethi izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu - amagundane nezinyoni. Kodwa-ke, iyakwazi ukubhekana nesilwane esinesisindo esiseduze, ngokwesibonelo, nge-hare. Impela, uma umvundla ungeke ubaleke.

Lapho ezizingela ebusika, abakwaPallas bakhetha izindawo ezingambozwe yiqhwa kakhulu, ngoba ingubo yakhe ecebile yoboya emigqonyeni yeqhwa ayimenzeli insizakalo enhle kakhulu - ngenxa yalokho, ikati limane linamathele eqhweni.

Ama-Pallas abagwema ngokucophelela abantu, ngaphezu kwalokho, noma etholakala njengamakhekhisi, alulazwa kabi, aphathe umuntu ngokungathembi futhi ashiye imikhuba yakhe yasendle yokuphila.

Ngisho naku-zoo, ama-manulas aqala ukuvela kuphela lapho i-Intanethi iqala ukuphambuka kabanzi isithombe sekati lomndeni futhi kwaba nesithakazelo esikhulu kubo.

Kuliqiniso, ikati lalithandwa kubantu bendawo ngaphambili, ngoba uboya bayo obunethezekile buyingcebo yangempela. Ngakho-ke, ikati linesizathu esihle sokuqaphela.

Emvelweni wemvelo, inani lamakati lehliswa yizikhova, izimpisi nezikhova. UManul akulula ukubalekela kulaba bantu abahlukumezayo, ngoba ngeke akwazi ukuzisindisa ngokusebenza ngenxa yokuhamba kancane, angahlwitha futhi aqede amazinyo akhe. Amakati afakwe ku-Red Book.

Ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside kwekati lokutholwa

Ukuphela kwesikhathi lapho ikati lasendle linquma ukuhlukana nokuhlala wedwa kungoFebhuwari - Mashi, okungukuthi, inkathi yokuzalela.

Kokukhethiweyo wakhe, ikati ilungele ukungena empini evuthayo, ngakho-ke entwasahlobo, kulwa ikati lapha nalaphaya. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nemishado yekati ejwayelekile, ukulwa okunjalo kusanesizotha kakhulu.

Ngemuva kokuvikela ilungelo "losuku lokuthandana," ikati lichitha isikhathi esithile nekati, emva kwalokho, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, kuzalwa inzalo. I-Pallasa yesifazane iletha ama-kittens angama-2 kuye ku-6 emgodini, awupheka ngokunakekela okukhethekile. Amakati asuswa ekubandakanyeni okwengeziwe kusiphetho sokhethiweyo wawo.

Ngeke futhi bakhuphule ama-kittens noma. Kepha ikati uManula, okuphambene nalokho, lingumama okhathalela kakhulu futhi ohlonipha uNkulunkulu. Izinsana zizalwa ziyimpumputhe, kepha kusukela ekuzalweni zimbozwe izinwele ezi-fluffy.

Esithombeni ikati lekati yokutholwa

Zikhula ngaphansi kokulawulwa kukamama oqaphile. Njalo ngemizuzu umama uwafundisa wonke amaqhinga okusinda, ukuzingela nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. AmaKittens aqala ekuzingeleni kokuqala kuphela ngemuva kokuba enezinyanga ezi-4 ubudala. Futhi konke ukuzingela kwenzeka ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukamama.

AmaManulas awanakekeli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi omama abaqinile. Ama-kittens anganakwa noma angonakalisiwe ajeziswa kakhulu - umama wawo uyabaluma futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubuhlungu ngokwanele. Kepha awukwazi ukusinda ngaphandle kwawo - ikati lisencane kumele lifunde imithetho yokuhlala endle. Uxolo kakhulu, kepha endle isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12, amakati we-steppe awahlali.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

Ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo lwe-mitochondrial DNA yamakati angama-979 asekhaya nezasendle aqhamuka eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika, Felis silvestris lybica ihlukaniswe nekati yasendle yaseYurophu cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-173 edlule nakuzo izikhungo ezingaphansi kwazo Felis silvestris ornata futhi Felis silvestris cafra cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-131 edlule. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-10,000 edlule abamele abangu-5 Felis silvestris lybica zagcotshwa eMiddle East lapho kuqala intuthuko yezolimo kanye nokubonakala kwezindawo zokuqala zezolimo ezingamaNeolithic ngesikhathi soguquko lomuntu kusuka ekuzingeleni nasekubuthaneni kwendlela yokuphila ehleliwe ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuthuthuka kwempucuko yabantu. Manje sebekhetha izinhlobo ezihlukile - ikati lase-Afrika Felis lybica I-Forster, 1780, nethemu Felis silvestris ingekati lasehlathini laseYurophu.

06.05.2018

ISteppe cat (lat. Felis lybica) isilwane esivela ezinkulwaneni ezincane zamakati amancane (uFelinae) womndeni wakwaFeline (Felidae). Kubizwa nangokuthi ikati elinamabala noma ikati lokuqhamuka. Kusukela kwikati lasehlathini (i-Felis silvestris), lesi silwane sihlukaniswa izinwele ezifushane.

Kungenzeka ukuthi izindlela zabo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zaphambuka cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-170-130 edlule. Abanye abameleli bakaFelis lybica babephethwe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-4,8 eyedlule eMesophothamiya naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngokucabanga ngokweqile bangaba ngabazukulisi bazo zonke izinhlobo zamakati asekhaya.