Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Inkukhu encane yomhlabathi enobukhulu bejuba, ubude bomzimba 29-31 cm, amaphiko angama-45-48 cm, isisindo esingu-310-600 g, umzimba wonke, icwecwe, intamo emfushane. Isikhathi esiningi igcinwa ngasese emhlabathini otshanini obude noma phakathi kwezihlahlana. Ihamba ikakhulu ngezinyawo, ibamba kalula otshanini obukhulu. Izimpukane ngokunqikaza. Indiza inemisindo, nochungechunge lokushintshana okusheshayo nokuhlela okusheshayo.

Incazelo. Njengoba unombala ojwayelekile ophuzi ocekeceke ophathekayo, umsila ubomvu, ubonakala kahle ezinyoni ezindizayo. Umuntu wesilisa osondele okokugqoka kokuhlobisa ukhombisa iphethini elibomvu emqaleni nasezihlathini, eliqhathanisa nombala ompunga wentambo, imichilo eshintshashintshayo emaceleni ezinhlangothini, nendawo ebunjiwe ngamahhashi esiswini, kubonakala kahle lapho inyoni iphakamisa ikhanda. ukukhathazeka. Ekwindla nasebusika, umbala ukhanya kancane.

Owesifazane uyafana nowesilisa, kepha umphangi, “ihhashi” elimnyama ukhonjiswa buthaka noma akekho. Izinyoni ezincane zipendiwe ngemibala grey ne-brown ngaphandle kokuthi amabala abomvu noma amnyama, umucu obomvu okhanyayo kuphela kumsila. Amachwane ambozwe ngophuzi phansi ngephethini yamabala amnyama nemisho emide ekhanda nasengxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, ezansi ngemuva kwekhanda, umqhele wekhanda nasemuva komhlane ngopende obomvu. Ihluke ku-Keklik ngokufakwa kombala we-nondescript woqhwaku nasemilenzeni, "ihhashi" elimnyama esiswini salo, izihlathi ezibomvu kanye nomphimbo, imivimbo ezinhlangothini zayo insundu, hhayi mnyama.

Izwi. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane bavame ukushicilela i-monosyllabic enobuhlakani "i-chirr"Noma i-syllable emibili"i-chirrek».

Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Sisatshalaliswa ehlathini, esifundeni se-stepasia kanye ne-steppe esifundeni esisuka ogwini lwe-Atlantic olusentshonalanga kuya eMongolia empumalanga, enyakatho kuya eScandinavia, eningizimu kuya eMedithera. Kwethulwa eNyakatho Melika. E-Russia yase-Europe, umngcele osenyakatho webanga udlula eLeningrad, enyakatho yesifunda sase-Arkhangelsk, eRiphabhlikhi yaseKarelia naseKomi. Akuningi, kwesinye isikhathi ezijwayelekile. Inani labantu elihlangana njalo liya ngokuguquguquka okukhulu. Sekukonke, uphila impilo yokuhlala, kwesinye isikhathi enza amabanga amade wesizini.

Indlela yokuphila. Ukulungisa kuqala ipulazi elinobuhle kugxotshwe izimila zasendle. Ihlala futhi nezindawo ezishiywe dengwane, izihlahla ezinezimbali zemifula ezindaweni ezazigeleza imifula, emaphethelweni ezindawo zokuhlala. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, imvamisa imihlambi emihlambi yabantu aba-5 - 20, kwesinye isikhathi imihlambi ezulazulayo ifaka amakhulukhulu ezinyoni. Imvamisa iqoqa amatshe amatshe nesihlabathi emigwaqweni edingekayo yokugaya ukudla okwenziwe ngemifino esiswini, ngalesi sikhathi kuvame ukubamba iso. Ebusika, bahlala ubusuku ezimpondweni eqhweni noma, lapho kungekho iqhwa, bacindezelwa bodwa. Izinyoni ezingama-monogamous, amafomu ngababili emihlambi ngasekupheleni kwebusika, bese zisatshalaliswa ezindaweni zonke. Esenzakalweni samanje esenzeka emhlabeni futhi esimelele inkambiso yokunyakaza nokubonisa isimo, owesimame ubamba iqhaza.

Isidleke esisesimweni somgodi omncane, esifakwe ngokunganakwa neziqu ezomile, amaqabunga kanye nezimpaphe zesikhukhukazi, sitholakala ngaphansi kwesihlahla, iminyuzi, isigaxa sotshani nokunye okunjalo. I-Clutch imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda ayi-12-25 ama-monophonic light brown; amaqanda afinyelela kuma-28 ayaziwa. Insikazi ifaka i-clutch yodwa, kanye nonogada besilisa indawo yokuhlala izidleke. Bobabili abazali bashayela amachwane. Phakathi nonyaka, uzalela inzalo kanye. Kuwo wonke unyaka, imnandi kakhulu imbala. Ebusika, udla ikakhulukazi ngamaqabunga neziqu zezinhlamvu zobusika, kanye nembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Ehlobo, izinambuzane zithatha indawo ebalulekile ekudleni kwabantu abadala namachwane.

Incazelo yeGrey Partridge

I-Partridge iyinyoni encane futhi enhle kakhulu. Inesisindo esingama-0,5 kg kuphela. Amamabhuleki anenqwaba yepunga. Abafundanga ukundiza kahle, futhi abahlali emagatsheni ezihlahla. Kepha, bese begijima kahle otshanini obude nasezinkomeni.

Izinyoni zihlala phansi, musa ukundiza ubusika. Zizalela futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezifanayo, kubandakanya nobusika. Bangashiya amakhaya abo beyofuna okuphakelayo. Futhi zokuphila khetha izindawo ezinotshani, amasimu, iziqu ezincane, izihlahlana kanye namahlathi.

Ngabe kudlani emaceleni?

Amabhuleki adla ikakhulukazi imbewu yezimila, amakhambi ahlukahlukene, amajikijolo nezinhlamvu. Kepha, kwenzeka ukuthi ukudla kwabo kugcwaliswa kabusha ngamahlamvu womuthi, izilimo.

Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamabele, izinyoni zingadla izibungu, iminenke, izinambuzane. Ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwembewu, izinambuzane, eziningi kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, zingena ekudleni kwam amaphuphu.

Ukuzalanisa i-parridge

Izidleke ze-Partridge zihlelwe emasimini, ezinqolobaneni, kulezo zindawo lapho kungekho bantu. Esidlekeni, insikazi ibeka ama-testicles angama-15 kuye kwangama-25. Ukumiselwa kwabo kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-25. Amachwane ka-Partridge avela ngokuvamile aqine, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ngokushesha agijima otshanini obude.

Cishe eminyakeni yobudala benyanga eyodwa, amaphuphu e-partridge asevele endiza ezindaweni ngezindawo. Abesilisa bavikela izinsikazi kanye nokuzenzela emhlaselweni, ukushisa amachwane amancane. Bazondla bodwa, behamba ngemihlambi, bazifunela ukudla kanye nabazali babo.

Enza kanjani amabanga asebusika?

Ngo-ekwindla, ama-parridges aqoqana ngamaqembu abantu abayi-15 kuye kwangama-30, futhi ahlala ekulesi sikhathi kuze kube sebusika. Kepha ubusika ukuvivinya okunzima kunazo zonke kwezinyoni. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunzima kakhulu kubo ukuthola ukudla.

Lapho kuba neqhwa eliningi futhi kuqaleke i-thaw, khona-ke iqhwa lokukhulelwa limbozwe uqweqwe lweqhwa (iqhwa). Amabango awazitholela ukudla futhi amaningi awo ayafa.

Ungazingela kanjani amabanga?

Ukuzingela i-Partridge kwenziwa esikhathini sehlobo-ekwindla yesikhathi, imvamisa, kuhlangene nezinye izinto zokuzingela ezivunyelwe ngaleso sikhathi. Abaningi abazingela izinyoni ngezinja. Ama-hound azizwa izinyoni otshanini, noma yikuphi, zibonisa izindawo lapho zikhona, noma kunjalo, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho udinga ukulungela ukudubula.

Amabhuleki ahamba ngokushesha, ngakho asikho isikhathi esanele sokubonwa. Ekuzingeleni okunjalo, sebenzisa inombolo yokudutshulwa 5. Izinyoni zivame ukundiza ngamamitha angama-300. Kuyenzeka ukuthi amabanga ahamba ngendiza ahlukane, lapho-ke kudingeka atholakale ngosizo lwezinja.

Ngalesi sikhathi, bacasha otshanini, futhi ungasondela kubo. Uma amapharaji ahlala endaweni eyodwa, udinga ukubanikeza cishe isigamu sehora ukuze wehlise umoya. Uma ungazange ubanikeze ikhefu elinjalo, khona-ke bayohamba ngendiza bengakuyekelanga esicibisheni.

Ukuzingela i-Partridge kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezinja. Noma kunjalo, udinga ukwazi indawo yabo. Futhi ukudlula emasimini, ama-wastelands nokhula kudinga ukuhlala kulungele ukudutshulwa. I-Partridge iyinyoni ewusizo, futhi yenza indondo enhle.

Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, abazingeli baphoqelekile ukuthi basindise lezi zinyoni ezinhle futhi bangazitholi ngokweqile kwezindlela ezimisiwe. Ebusika, izinyoni zidinga ukusetha abondli bese zizondla. Akunangqondo, akukho feather!

Incazelo nezici zenyoni

Ngabe kubukeka kanjani i -ridgeridge:

• inhloko encane yombala ocher omnyama,
• izihlathi kanye nesifuba ukhilimu olula ophuzi onsundu,
• umzimba oyindilinga nge-plumage eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nephethini emnyama emuva,
• isisu "sihlotshisiwe" ngechashaza elakhiwe njengotshani wamahhashi,
• kunemivimbo e-brown ezinhlangothini zomzimba,
• amapayipi omsila abomvu
• imilenze nobuhlalu kumnyama cishe kumnyama,
• ubude bomzimba 28−33 cm
• isisindo senyoni ingama-300-450 gr.,
• amaphiko kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-49 cm.

Ukukhula okusha kulula ukukubona ngemivimbo emnyama grey emzimbeni. Ukugqama kweplamu kubantu besifazane kunesizotha kakhulu kunakwabesilisa. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izinyoni zibizwa ngokuthi izinkukhu zasendle. Ungaqaphela imigwaqo ngemisindo ezenziwa yizinyoni: ukushaywa kwezinsikazi kufana kakhulu nokushaywa kwezichwane ezifuywayo, futhi "ukukhonkotha" kwabesilisa kufana nokucula kwamaqhude.

Igalari: i-grey partridge (izithombe ezingama-25)

Habitat

Indawo yokuhlala kwezikhukukazi zasendle yiYurophu, i-Asia Minor, iSiberia yaseNtshonalanga, iKarelia, i-Middle Urals, i-Altai ne-Uzbekistan. Le nyoni ihlala emaqeleni, ngakho-ke i-partridge ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi yi-steppe (insimu). Le nyoni nayo ingatholakala emahlathini, emathafeni, ezindaweni ezinentaba. Amasimu wokudla amabele, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ama-moorlands - athandwa kakhulu yizikhukhukazi.

Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha

I-Partridge partridge ihlala endaweni eyodwa, ayikubekezeleli ukufuduka. Izimo ezedlulele kuphela ezingenza izinyoni zihambe. Isibonelo, ukuntuleka kokudla noma usongo oluqhubekayo empilweni. Ukushintshwa kwendawo yokuhlala kuthinta kabi uhlelo lwezinzwa zezikhukukazi zasendle. Izinyoni ziba namahloni, zibe novalo.

Izinyoni zichitha isikhathi sasebusika nasekwindla zihlangana emihlambi, kanti entwasahlobo zakha ngababili ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Lo mbhangqwana ukhetha indawo yokuhlala iziduna bese owesilisa eqapha ngokucophelela "impahla yomndeni." Izinyoni ezisebenzayo ekuseni nakusihlwa, umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukufuna ukudla. Usuku nobusuku ama-steppe hens achitha ezindaweni ezifihliwe, ecashile kubantu abazingelayo.

Njengoba lolu hlobo lwe-partridge lungakuthandi ukundiza, izinyoni zizama ukuzibamba buthule buthule ukuze zingabheki izidlova inyamazane. Lapho isongelwa yizitha, inkukhu indizela phezulu futhi, indiza ibanga elingamamitha ayikhulu, icasha ngobuciko esihlahleni noma ngotshani. Izinyoni zihamba ngeminyakazo, zibhanqiza phezulu ngezikhathi ezithile ukundiza ibanga elifushane. Ngakho-ke, ama-partridges anemilenze eqinile enemisipha ethuthukisiwe yokugijima.

Izindawo eziphawuleka lapho amabanga amatoho efihlwa khona. Ngaphambi kokuwa kweqhwa elinamandla, amathoyizi asezinja alala ubusuku, eduka ngamaqembu abantu abangama-5-10. "Izinkampani" ezinjalo zicasha ezindaweni eziphansi nezihlahlana eziminyene, lapho kungekho moya futhi ungagcina ukushisa. Ngemuva kokuwa kakhulu yiqhwa, izinkukhu zensimu zizimbela imibhede evulekile. Izinyoni ezimbalwa zilala emibhedeni, zifudumeza zodwa. Uma iqhwa selikhululekile, izinyoni zichitha ubusuku bonke ngasikhathi sinye. Esiqwini seqhwa, isikhukukazi simba umhubhe wangempela onendawo yokulala ekugcineni, lapho sichitha khona ubusuku ngemfudumalo nokuphepha.

I-Partridge - inyoni engathandi ukundiza

I-Partridge - Inyoni eyaziwayo kabanzi. Igama lazo zonke izilimi zamaSlavic lisho inyoni efana nenkukhu. Ihlala i-Eurasia futhi yaziswa eMelika. Abazingeli bakunakekela ukuhanjiswa kwale nyoni ezwenikazi laseMelika. Ziyayithanda kakhulu le nyoni engenakuthengiswa.

Isiko lomhlaba alizange lidlulise i-partridge. Inganekwane yasendulo yamaGrikhi ilandisa ngesenzo esingaqondakali somakhi webhizinisi onomdlandla uDaedalus. Wajikijela umfundi ovela edwaleni owayemhambela kahle ngekhono. Kepha le nsizwa ayifanga. U-Athena wamguqula waba yiglasi. Ukhumbula lokhu kuwa, umugqa wethafa awathandi ukundiza phezulu futhi uhlale emhlabathini isikhathi esiningi.

Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokuzala

Ngabe kudlani ama-partridge?. Isisekelo sokudla kwezinyoni imifino: imbewu, izimpande, ama-inflorescence. Yize izinkukhu zasendle zingavumi kusuka kwizimbungulu, amacimbi, izicabucabu nezibungu. Imilenze eqinile enemisila ebukhali ikuvumela ukuba ukhulule izingqimba zenhlabathi ezingenhla futhi uthole ukudla.

Isikhathi sasebusika sinzima kakhulu sokuphila; ukuthola ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa akulula. Ngakho-ke, amabanga amade, eduka emihlambini, hlala eduze nokuhlala kwabantu. Amabele ashiywe emasimini ngemuva kokuvunwa asiza izinyoni ukuba zisinde.

Ukuzala. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinkukhu ze-steppe ziqala ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Abesilisa nabesifazane bayashinga, benzelwe izithandani impilo yonke yonke. Esiduna, selivule i-plumage, lenza umdanso wokulinganisa kanye “namaqhude”. Owesifazane wokuqala, odonsela ukunakekela kumuntu ozongenela amadoda, futhi abe okhethiweyo wakhe.

Lezi zithandani zidla otshanini obude eduze kwezihlahla eziminyene nezihlahla eziseduze. Abazali besikhathi esizayo bafaka ngokucophelela isidleke ngezimpaphe nangaphansi, amaqabunga, utshani obuthambile. Izinyoni ziyanda. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayi-12-25 ngasikhathi. Izinkukhu zinezinga eliphezulu lokusinda.

Amabili amabala amancanyana enza imindeni eyisibonelo. Owesilisa ubamba iqhaza kuzo zonke izigaba zokudla amaqanda kusukela ekuqandeni amaqanda kuya ekutyeni, futhi uvikele ngenkuthalo inzalo yakhe. Lapho abahlaseli behlasela, owesilisa uthatha ukushaya okukhulu, ukulungele ukuvikela insikazi namachwane, ngisho noma kungakhokha impilo yakhe. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Bafinyelela usayizi womuntu omdala ngezinyanga ezi-4. Le nyoni ivuthwa ngokocansi inezinyanga eziyi-12 ubudala.

Izitha zezinkukhu ezimweni zemvelo

Amabhuleki ahlala ekudingisweni kuze kube iminyaka eyi-10. Ngenxa yenyama emnandi nokungabambeki ekugcinweni kwezinkukhu ze-steppe zizalela emapulazini ezinkukhu. Endle, ngenxa yokudla okungenampilo nezitha eziningi, isikhathi sokuphila kwezinyoni siphansi kweminyaka engama-4-5 kuphela. Izikhukhukazi zasendle zisongelwa yi:

• izinyoni ezidla: ama-gyrfalcons, izikhova, amakhayithi,
• izinyamazane ezincane nezincane: izimpungushe, izikebhe, izimpungushe ezingama-arctic, ama-martens,
• Amakati namagundane kubeka usongo eduze kwamakhaya abantu.

Ngokuphawulekayo kunciphisa inani lezinhlobokanye nokuzingela nemisebenzi yabantu.

Vocalization

Amapharagrey Grey afuna izindawo ezinokudla okumnandi emihlambini, futhi lapho ekuthola, enza umsindo we- “guk-guk-guk” okusikhumbuza ukukhumbula izinkukhu. Amapharaji aqashelwe ashicilela “ku-kut-kut” okugxiliwe. Lapho impukane, izinkukhu zasendle ezesabayo zikhathazekile “chip-chip, chip-chip-kipipipip”. Kwabesilisa, kanye nabesifazane, isici esithandeka kakhulu yisifiso, esizwakala njenge- "chirr" noma "chirric" ethambile. Imvamisa, abesilisa bakhipha lesi sinxephezelo, njengoba siphakeme - lokhu kuwuphawu lwendawo nokusongela ophikisayo. Abesilisa besikhathi sokuzalela, bebambelela esizeni sabo, bavame ukukhipha ukukhala okungafaniyo ngokuthi "kierr-kek", kanti abesilisa ngaleso sikhathi bakhipha "pit-pit-pit-pit" ejwayelekile. Zombili amaphuphu ezinsikazi nawowesilisa abizwa ngama-quacking akhethekile, okukhumbuza inkukhu, kepha ngokukhuphuka okukhulu kwezwi ekugcineni komsindo ngamunye. Owesifazane, othuswe esidlekeni, angakwazi ukubabaza ngendlela exakile.

Amamabhuleki aluhlobo lonke lwezinyoni ezinegama elithi Perdix. Uhlobo luyingxenye yomndeni we-pheasant. Ebudlelwaneni obunamaphethelo kukhona ama-turkeys, ama-pheasant, amakhethini. i-guinea fowl, i-grouse emnyama, okungukuthi, yonke inkukhu.

Iningi labelwa emndenini we-pheasant, ongaphansi kwephalishi:

• I-Partridge - uhlobo olubandakanya okuyi-8 subspecies. Igama laso le-taxonomic yi-Perdix perdix. Le yi-preridge ejwayelekile kakhulu.

• Izidleke zokudla okubandayo zaseTibetan e-Asia Ephakathi. Ukubuka kuqukethe izingcingo ezintathu. Igama lesayensi lezinhlobo yiPerdix hodgsoniae.

• I-Bearded partridge - ngaphandle kufana ne-grey i-grey. Ukuzalelwa eSiberia naseManchuria. Ukubuka kuhlukaniswe kabili. Igama lohlelo yiPerdix dauricae.

• I-Keklik noma i-partridge impunga kakhulu ngombala nge-ash tint. Uqhwaku kanye nama-paws abomvu.

• Ingxenye yogwadule enemibala yeplamu ifana kakhulu nekhekhe, kepha ine-pink tint. I-plumage emaphikweni igoqa ibe yimivimbo emnyama nomhlophe.

• I-Shrub partridge. Le nyoni ephakathi nendawo inombala onsundu, inenqwaba yemibalabala namabala amancane amnyama, ansundu no-ukhilimu emaceleni nasemhlane onsundu.

• I-bamboo partridge. Encane ngosayizi nge-dimorphism ebekiwe. Amapayipi anemibala ngemibala emnyama, nsundu no-ukhilimu.

• I-Shportsevaya. Ine-plumage enombala onsundu, iduna linombala ogqamile ku-ripple encane, lidlula ku-crest. Ezandleni zesikhala.

• I-grouse yeqhwa ifakwa ngemivimbo emnyama nomhlophe khona kanye ekhanda. Uqhwaku lubomvu.

• EMadagascar. Ukuphela kwesiqhingi, inyoni ngokwayo inkulu kakhulu, izinsikazi zinombala ompunga, izinsikazi zikhulu ngenqwaba egqamile.

• I-organridge echekiwe noma e-crested. Inyoni inombala ongajwayelekile. Umzimba ucishe waba mnyama ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwabesilisa futhi luhlaza okotshani. Ekhanda kukhona i-crest.

Kwigreyidi elijwayelekile kakhulu le-grey, amasayithi wemvelo wokudlekha wonke aseYurophu naseNtshonalanga Asia. Lolu hlobo lwethulwe kwamanye amazwekazi. Sekusabalele eCanada, e-United States, eSouth Africa, eNyakatho Australia naseTasmania.

I-grouse subfamily, uhlobo lwe -ridgeridge:

• Gogo. Ehlobo, iba bomvu-mpunga, kepha iningi layo limhlophe, amashiya abomvu. Entwasahlobo iba nsundu ngokubomvu, bese kuthi lonke iplamu lube mhlophe qhwa. Sekukonke, le nyoni ishintsha inani layo ngo-3-4 ngonyaka

• Tundra. I-plumage yeduna ihlukaniswa izimpaphe ezihlukwe ngombala onsundu ekhanda nasezinqeni.Ehlobo, ngimpunga okhanyayo ngemivimbo nangamabala. Ebusika, mhlophe, kungowesilisa onomucu omnyama ngamehlo, insikazi ayinayo.

• Okumhlophe-umsila, amaplamu anjengalolo lwepartridge emhlophe, umehluko kumsila omhlophe.

Unogada we-Partridge grey

I-steppe hen idinga ukunakekelwa nokuvikeleka kumuntu, kepha noma kunjalo, le nyoni ayibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ama-Ornithologists athi ama-hens asendle esigabeni sesihlanu, okungukuthi, ezinhlotsheni uqobo ezibuyisela izinombolo zalo. Ukuzala kwezinyoni kusindisa izinhlobo zezinhlobo ekuqothulweni. Amandla wesikhukhukazi ukubeka amaqanda angaphezu kwama-20 ngasikhathi ahlukile.

Naphezu kobubanzi obuhlukahlukene, imihlambi yezinkukhu zasendle incane, cishe abantu abangama-30 kuya kwengama. Ngeshwa, ngisho nange-fecundity ephezulu, kukhona ukwehla okuphikelelayo kwenani lezinyoni. Isikhombi sobungako siyathinteka hhayi kuphela isimo sezulu kanye nezimo zezulu, kepha futhi nokusetshenziswa kwamanyolo angenamaminerali, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anolaka ku-agronomy. Umanyolo ofakwe emhlabathini, ama-pest agents afafazwe emasimini esinkwa, ngokuvamile anobuthi ezinyoni.

Njengezinyathelo zezemvelookuhloswe ngalo ukugcina ukubuyiselwa kobuningi bezinhlobo, izenzo ezilandelayo zenziwa:

• ukuvimbela ukuzingela izinkukhu zasendle,
• amasimu wamabele awavuni ngokuphelele, ashiya izindlebe zephrinta eduze nasezigodini nasezihlahleni,
• Sebenzisa umanyolo ohambisana nezinyoni kanye nama-pesticides,
• hlela ukubanjwa kwezilwane ezidukelayo, uchithe amagundane.

I-Partridge grey isho izinyoni okuthi, ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa ngokweqile, ziye zahlala eduze kwabantu amakhulu eminyaka. Ukusinda nokuba khona kokuchuma kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuncike ezenzweni zabantu.

Lapho kuhlala khona

Ngokuphila, i-parridge ukhetha izingxenye ezivuleke kakhulu zamasimu anezinhlaka nemifudlana, amadamu, izitebhisi. Le nyoni ithanda lapho kunesikhala esiningi sokuhamba nokuhamba ngokukhululeka, ngakho-ke izidleke zayo azikaze zitholakale emasimini noma emaphethelweni ehlathi. Lokhu kuhlangene nokudla okunempilo - i-partridge ikhetha amasimu anezitshalo ze-buckwheat, oats kanye ne-map.

I-Partridge grey ihlala ezingxenyeni eziningi zeYurophu; ihlala itholakala entshonalanga ye-Asia. Uyakwazi ukubona eCanada naseNyakatho Melika. Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni ibhekwa njengezindawo eziseningizimu ye-Western Siberia neKazakhstan.

I-Partridge grey isatshalaliswa ukusuka eBritish Isles nasenyakatho nePortugal kuya endaweni esempumalanga ye-Altai. Umngcele osempumalanga wendawo abahlala kuwo yiMfula i-Ob. Enyakatho nengxenye yeYurophu yaseRussia, le nyoni itholakala icishe ifinyelela kuLwandle Olumhlophe. ENtshonalanga yeSiberia, le nyoni ihlala ngezikhonkwane ze-birch, inotshani obude futhi obukhulu. Eningizimu, izidleke zekhefu zingabonakala eTranscaucasia, e-Asia Ephakathi naseTarbagatai. Basenyakatho ne-Iran ne-Asia Minor.

Amamabhuleki ahlala cishe azinza eningizimu, ezindaweni ezise-steppe nasezindaweni eziwugwadule. Kepha ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga nasenyakatho, lapho kuvama khona iqhwa eliningi, izinyoni ziyaphoqeleka ukundiza ezintabeni zeCiscaucasia, eningizimu ye-Ukraine naseCentral Asia. Izindawo ezihlala izimpunga kwesinye isikhathi ziya eSiberia ngenhloso yokubandza ubusika ngokuthula. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, izinyoni zalolu hlobo zingahlala zitholakala ogwini lweLake Baikal, olusentshonalanga.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Ingxenye enkulu yonyaka, izinyoni zigcinwa ngamaqembu, emihlambini emincane, evame ukwakha ukuzungeza okungafinyeleleki. I-Collectivism iyimpawu yamalungu eqembu. Izinyoni ziyasinda lapho amakhaza ahlangana ndawonye ebusuku. Lapho ukondla umhlambi nokuphumula kwemini, inyoni eyodwa noma ezimbili zisebenza, qaphela isimo.

Amabanga - izinyoni ezihlala phansi. Ngezinye izikhathi imihlambi yabo yenza ushintsho lwensimu edlayo. Isizathu sokufuduka kungenzeka sigcwala ngokweqile kwendawo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokutshala okuphumelelayo kwezingane eziningi.

Ubusika beHarsh bukwenza ushaye umgwaqo. Amabangana ahlala ezindaweni zezintaba athanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphansi ubusika. Ukuthuthuka kwenkundla, imisebenzi yabantu ibuye iphoqe izinyoni ukuba zizulazule.

Amabhuleki awathandi ukundiza. Isikhathi esiningi abasichitha emhlabeni. Zikhuphukela emoyeni kuphela uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Hhayi izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-aerodynamic eziqinisekiswa ngumsindo ohambisana nokukhishwa kwabo. Lapho ukhuphuka futhi undiza, ukushesha nokushintshana okuguqukayo kuhambisana nokuhlela.

Amandla okundiza, gijimani ngokushesha emhlabathini futhi acashe kahle awanikezi ukuphepha emaceleni. Zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye, kusukela kumakati asekhaya kuya kwezimpungushe nezimpisi, zizulazula emasimini ziyofuna izidleke nemihlambi yamadlelo. Abahlaseli abanezici - ama-Hawks, ama-buzzards, ama-loonies - ayingozi kangako kunawomhlaba.

Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezihlaselayo, amabhuloho ahlangabezana nokuqina ebusika. Ezindaweni ezinamabala aphansi ebusika neqhwa ebusika kugcinwa emaphaketheni. Zitholakala eduze kwamasimu wasebusika, ngasogwini lwamachibi, ezingxenyeni zezihlahlana. Umhlambi uyakwazi ukondla insimu eyisikwele. km

Ebusika obungenawo amaqhwa, amabanga ahamba emaceleni ahlangana neqembu eliminyene ukuhlala ubusuku obubodwa. Kucindezelwe eduze komunye nomunye. Bakha umbuthano wezinyoni, amakhanda abo aqondiswe ngaphandle. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvumela uma kwenzeka i-alamu indize bonke abantu ngasikhathi sinye.

Endabeni yeqhwa ebusika, inyoni ngayinye ihlelwe ngokwahlukana. Ichitha ubusuku esitokisini esineqhwa. Kube nezimo lapho amabanga athile ehamba ngaphansi kweqhwa endizeni. Babeshaya izindiza benze nezindawo zokulala eqhweni.

Ubusika obubandayo, ihlobo elomile, umhlaba kanye nezilwane ezinamaphiko ezinamahlwili ziyizisongo ezibucayi empilweni. Imvelo ithole indlela: inyoni ebanzi linqoba indawo ngaphansi kwelanga ngokuzala nokukhula okusheshayo kwenzalo.

Izincwadi

• Madge S., McGowan P., Kirwan G. M.
  Ama-Pheasants, ama-Partparges, kanye ne-Grouse: Isiqondisi Kwama-Pheasants, ama-Partridge, ama-Quails, ama-Grouse, ama-Guineafowl, ama-Buttonquails, kanye ne-Sandgrouse Yomhlaba. - IPrinceton, NJ: IPrinceton University Press, 2002 .-- 488 k. - I-ISBN 0-7136-3966-0. (eng.)
• Kurochkin E.N.
  Izinyoni zaseCentral Asia ePliocene // Tr. ihlangene Sov.-Mong. paleont. uhambo 1985. Ukukhishwa. 26.S. 1-119.
• UZelenkov N.V., Kurochkin E.N.
  I-Neogene pheasant Central Asia. 2. Ijenri Perdix, Plioperdix neBantamyx // iphephabhuku lePaleontological, 2009, No. 3, k. 79-86.
• Kozlova E.V.
  Izinyoni zezinyathelo ezinqenqemeni zezulu kanye nogwadule lwaseCentral Asia. Ukuqhubeka kwe-ZIN. T. 59.L., 1975.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

ENyakatho Nenkabazwe, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, inkathi yokuzalela iqala ngoFebhuwari. Abesilisa bayasebenza. Khetha izingosi zezidleke ezizayo. Baqala ukukhuluma. Ukuziphatha komshado kuqukethe ukusebenza kwamanje, ukunyakaza nemisindo.

Ukubhanqa kuhamba kancane. Abalingani abadale le nyunyana ngesizini edlule futhi basinda kuze kube intwasahlobo entsha, imvamisa, bakha umbhangqwana futhi. Umqalisi ekukhetheni umlingani ngowesifazane.

Ukukhetha akuhlali kungokokugcina. Njengoba zingenaso isikhathi sokubumba, lo mbhangqwana uqhekeka, lowesifazane ukhetha umlingani omusha. Emhlambini, ingxenye yeziduna ingashiywa ngaphandle. Bajoyina amanye amaqembu ezinyoni. Lapho inqubo yokukhetha ingaqediwe.

Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kokuqala kombhangqwana, isinyathelo sidlulela kowesilisa. Unakekela ukweqa kwendawo lapho isidleke kufanele sibe khona. Ihlela izimpi nabancintisana. Ukunakekela insikazi. Wakha isidleke esilula ngalesi sikhathi. Eqinisweni, lokhu umgodi emhlabathini endaweni ene-shaded, enesimo sesitsha esinobubanzi obungu-17-20 cm, ukujula kwama-5-8 cm futhi embozwe ngotshani obomile.

Kuthatha cishe inyanga ukwakha ngababili nokuthandana. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli, ukuphuma kwezinyoni kwenzeka. Ukulingisa kuphela ngobumbano. IPartridge ibekela amaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwayi-18. Izazi zesayensi yokuqaqambisa kwamazinyo ziqopha amacala obumbano aqukethe izingcezu ezingama-25 noma ngaphezulu. Amaqanda we-Partridge kulingana nobukhulu benyoni: uhlangothi olude luyi-4 cm, uhlangothi olufushane lu-3 cm.

Owesifazane ubandakanyeka ekufashweni. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuphele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-23- 26. Imikhaza ivela cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kungakapheli amahora ambalwa. Isithombo sisuka nje ngemuva kokuvela kokulungela ukuhamba. Umama uthatha amachwane endaweni yokuzalwa. Owesilisa ujoyina amazinyane. Ngemuva kwehora, umndeni ungamamitha ayi-100-200 ukusuka esidlekeni futhi awusoze ubuyela kuwo.

Ngemuva kwesonto, amachwane aqala ukundiza phezulu, emasontweni amabili ukundiza amabanga amade. Naphezu kokukhula okusheshayo, ama-brood, njengenyunyana, aphikelela ekuweni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, kuze kube sebusika. Kungasebenza njengeqembu lesisekelo lokwakha umhlambi omusha.

Incazelo yokuziphatha

I-Partridge Grey - inyoni enobuntu futhi enakekelayo. Uzwa ingozi engenzekayo ekude. Laba abamele umndeni we-pheasant unokuthula. Abesilisa bakhombisa ulaka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala noma bavikele isidleke sabo. Imindeni yama-Partridge iqinile ngendlela emangalisayo. Ababelwe - abazali abakhathalelayo nabamnene, abanakekelayo nabakhombisa ukuvikela umndeni omkhulu, inani labo elingafinyelela amaphuphu ayi-15. Uma omunye wabazali efa, omunye ngeke athoxe inzalo. Amabhuleki angazinikeli. Bathatha ngaphansi kwamaphiko abo izintandane ezivela kwezinye imindeni.

Izitha ezimweni zasendle nezimbi

Uhlobo lwe-grey partridge oluyi inyamazane ecishe ifane nayo yonke inyamazane. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, zisongelwa yizimpisi, izimpungushe ezingama-arctic, izinyoni ezisezingeni eliphakathi zezinyamazane (ama-gyrfalcons, ama-peregrine falcons, izikhova). Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, amadolobha afuywayo afunwa yizinyoni, izimpungushe, abamele umndeni osayizi ophakathi nendawo kanye nezilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko amakhulu (ama-kites, izinkozi, izikhova). Amakamela ezinja ezidukayo angadala omkhulu umonakalo ezinyoni.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-grouse kwizinyamazane kungumbala wezinqwaba, uzifihla kahle otshanini nasezihlahleni, kanye nobuhlakani bemvelo. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, inyoni iyaqhuma. Uma isitha nokho siqaphela isisulu saso nokuhlaselwa, sisuka masinyane sihambe.

Kulezi zimo zezulu eziphikisayo, indawo yokuqala kuhlalwa ebusika ebandayo eneqhwa eliningi nesomiso ngenkathi efudumele. Lezi zigameko zingaholela ekufeni kwezinyoni.. Isizathu sokunyamalala kwezinyoni ubuye usebenze ngamakhemikhali (amasimu okufaka umquba ngama-pesticides).

I-Partridge Hunt

Ngaphandle kobukhulu obuncane benyoni hhayi izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuyilandelela, ukuzingela i-partridge - umdlalo wokuzijabulisa odumile. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuzingela zivamile: ngenja futhi ukusuka nasendleleni.

Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlobo, umzingeli ubheka inqubo yansuku zonke yephasika Ngemuva kokuhlala ubusuku bonke, izinyoni ziya endaweni yokunisela noma esidlweni sasekuseni. Amamabhuleki athanda ukondla emasimini lapho kuvunwa khona amabele, ama-buckwheat noma amabele. Maphakathi nosuku, ukhula ngokushesha luphumula ensimini noma lundize luyocasha otshanini obuma phezulu. Ntambama baphinde bondle, emva kwalokho bayolala.

EYurophu, kunesiko lokuzingela okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe, lapho inja ifuna kuphela futhi ilethe umdlalo wokudubula. Imvamisa ukudutshulwa okunjalo kwezinyoni kugcwele futhi kunomsindo. Ukudutshulwa okuningi kuletha izindikimba eziningi.

Esikweni lesiko laseRussia, abantu ababili bahlanganyela ekuzingeleni kwamamingcelezana: indoda nenja. Ukudlala indima yesihloko, iphoyisa kufanele likhombise wonke amakhono akhe. Ngama-zigzags amakhulu, uhlola insimu. Ukuzwa inyoni, kwenza ukuma. Ngokuyala komzingeli kuvusa umhlambi. Amabhuleki ahamba ngomsindo. Umzingeli ongatatazeli angathola izikhundla ezilungele kahle njengamanje.

Umhlambi awunakuwukhipha wonke. Abantu abaningana bangabaza futhi bavuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, isibhamu ngemuva kokudutshulwa kokuqala kufanele siphinde silayishwe. Ngaphandle kokudutshulwa, izinyoni ezincane ezesabayo azindiza kude futhi zingawela otshanini uhhafu wekhilomitha ukusuka kumzingeli. Ukuziyehlisa, ungaqhubeka nokusesha kwabo nokudubula.

Inja ayidingeki ukuthola kuphela nokuphakamisa inyoni iphiko. Awukwazi ukuthola izilwane ezilimele ngaphandle kwakhe. Ukuzingela i-Partridge ngaphandle kwenja kungasebenza kuphela ezindaweni lapho le nyoni iningi khona. Ukuzingela kusuka enkambisweni kungcono kwenziwe eqhweni. Labo abathanda ukuqhubekisela phambili emikhondweni yabo bazokhombisa ukuthi bangabafunaphi.

Ngaphezu kokuzingela emaphethelweni ngesibhamu, kunezindlela eziningi ezingenagazi zokubamba lezi zinyoni. Ukudoba ngamanetha, izingibe nezingodo kuyenziwa. Izindlela zasehlobo nezasebusika zokubamba imigqa zihlukile. Inhloso enkulu yokubamba izinyoni bukhoma ukuzalanisa i-parridge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zivame ukubanjwa ukuze ziphinde zakhiwe ezindaweni ezintsha.

Indlela elula yokudoba nge-paddock. Kufakwe ipeni. Eqinisweni, lena ikheji eliphakathi nendawo enomnyango okhuphukayo. Umnyango uphakama ngentambo ende. Ibheji ibekwe emgedeni. Kusalinda ukulinda. Lapho izinyoni zingena ekhejini, umzingeli udonsa intambo abulale ukhokho.

Ngokubanjwa okuhlanganisiwe kwamam Paraba, kusetshenziswa inetha. Ine-mesh engu-2 cm, eyenziwe ngentambo eqinile ye-kapron, amamitha angama-200 ukuya kuma-200 ubude, amamitha angama-7-8 ububanzi. Ibethelwe ezigxotsheni ngaphezulu komhlaba. Ingxenye engezansi yenethiwekhi igobekile, yakha isikhwama esikhulu. Isikhala esikhulu sishiywe phakathi kwenethiwekhi nomhlabathi. Lokho wukuthi, kuyabanjwa i-partridge, isilwane ngengozi ebanjwe endaweni yokubamba, idlula ngaphansi kwenetha ngokukhululeka.

Iqembu labashayayo lisuka kude. Izama ukukhulisa umhlambi futhi iwuqondise kwinethiwekhi. Imigwaqo ephansi ephapha ngokugoba ishayisana nesicupho bese iwela emgobeni ongaphansi wetha. Ungabe usaphuma kuphi.

Incwadi ebomvu

Amaravu wedreyidi ayingxenye yesigaba sesi-5; lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezinenombolo yokuthola kabusha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuzala kwama-paranti, izinsikazi zazo ezikwazi ukuletha amaqanda angaphezu kwama-20 ngasikhathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinhlobo zezilwane ziyobhujiswa.

Yize lezi zinyoni zitholakala ezifundeni eziningi, inani labantu ezikoleni liphansi, lisuka kuma-30 laya ku-40 partridges. Ngokwemininingwane ka-2000-2003, bekunabantu abangu-1,6-2,6 abantu abangamahektha ayi-100 omhlaba, futhi ngokuzayo kukhona ukuthambekela okusobala kokwehla kwalesi sikhombisi.

Ubuningi bezinhlobo esifundeni esithile buthonywa yizimo ezinjengezimo sezulu kanye nezimo zezulu, imvula evamile yonyaka, ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kanye nomanyolo okusetshenziswayo. Imvamisa amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukwelapha amasimu aphenduka abe yingozi hhayi ezinambuzaneni nasezintanjeni kuphela, kepha futhi nawezinyoni.

Ngisho nokugcwala okuphezulu kwe-peat grey akusindisi izinhlobo kusukela ekuqothulweni.

Njengezinyathelo ezingavimba ukuqothuka kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• ukuzingela kwemigwaqo engavunyelwe kuyo yonke indawo,
• shiya isinkwa esingahlolisisiwe eduze kwezihlahlana nemifudlana,
• bamba izilwane ezidukayo.

Ngisho nokugcwala okuphezulu kwe-peat grey akusindisi izinhlobo kusukela ekuqothulweni.

Ukuzalela ekhaya

Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi igama elithi iphalishi lisho "inyoni efana nenkukhu". Lezi zinyoni zibekezelela kahle izimo zokuthunjwa. Ukungabekezeleleki, okuphindaphindeka ngokudla kwenyama namaqanda, kuvuselela okuqukethwe kwamamgaqele ezigcawini zomuntu siqu, emapulazini omndeni.

Into yokuqala okudingeka uqale ukuyigcina le nyoni i-coop yenkukhu, i-aviary. Lesi sakhiwo esilula sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: igumbi elivaliwe ngaphakathi nophahla kanye nobubanzi obumbozwe ngenetha. Ekuhambeni kufanele kube nezihlahla zikaKhisimusi, amalulwane otshani, izithungu zotshani - konke okungalingisa indawo yokuhlala yemvelo.

Ebusika, ingxube yokusanhlamvu, imifino eqoshiwe, uvithamini, izithasiselo zamaminerali kanye nenyama eyosiwe kufakwa ekudleni kwezinyoni. I-Partridge efuywayo ngama-pecks amnandi amajikijolo asentabeni, i-berryberry, i-guelder-rose ekhethwe ezihlahleni zasebusika.

Eduze kwentwasahlobo, ngokulindela ukubekwa kwamaqanda, imenyu ye-partridge ithuthukiswa nge-vitamin supplements, izaqathi, inyama yamathambo nokudla kwenhlanzi. Ukungezelelwa kokugunyaziwe kokudla okuqukethe i-calcium eningi, njenge-chalk.

Ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, izidleke zifakwa kuphokho lwenkukhu. Imvamisa lawa mabhasikidi amadala afakwe ngotshani. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ngenyanga kaMeyi, ama-partridges abeka amaqanda awo ahlala ezidlekeni zawo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-23- 26, kuvela amaphuphu. Ekupheleni kokufakwa, isikhukhukazi esifakwe ngamachwane sitshalwa esibayeni esihlukile.

Uma kungenzeka, ukufakwa kosana emgodini kubekwa emgwaqweni, phakathi kotshani. Izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala zamachwane zondliwa ngeqanda leqanda. Ngemuva kwalokho, wonke umndeni udluliselwa ekudleni okujwayelekile okuqukethe ingxenye yamaphrotheni ethuthukisiwe. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amaphuphu abuyiselwa ezindizeni ezivamile. UPartridge ugcine iminyaka eyinkulungwane endaweni eseduze yabantu futhi wakwazi ukusinda. Ngakho-ke akasisiwula njengoba abukeka.

Uhlobo lwe-Partridge: Izinhlobo zezinhlobo

Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-5 zamamngcele.

1. I-Bearded (Daurian) i-partridge.Indawo yokusabalalisa - iSouth Siberia, i-Altai, iMongolia, iNortheast Tibet neChina. Inobukhulu obukhulu kanye nesisindo 260-400 gr. Umbala onsundu. Sihlukanisa kahle iphethini lejethi ngemuva. Le nyoni yathola igama layo ngokuthi izimpaphe ezilukhuni ezisesithweni. Ukuphila ezindaweni ezivulekile, kukhetha imithambeka yezintaba, izigodi zemifula namathafa. Indiza iyivelakancane, ayikaze idleke ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni.
2. I-red parridge. Kusakazwa kabanzi endaweni ye-Iberian peninsula. Ukubukeka kwehluka kwezinye izinkomba zamamingcele. Ingxenye engemuva nenhla yekhanda in nsundu noma nsundu. Izimpaphe zimibalabala, zimnyama emaphethelweni. Amapayipi omsila abomvu ngokugqamile. Endle, izinyoni zithanda izindawo ezibucayi.
3. I-Tibetan partridge. Indawo yokuhlala - IPakistan, iTibet neNepal. Le nyoni encane yombala omnyama enamaphiko e-motley namabele amhlophe. Ihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-4 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ezihlahleni emithambekeni yezintaba.
4. Gogo. Ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ekuchitheni kuguqula ngokuphelele umbala. Ihlala eNyakatho Melika naseBritish Isles. E-Russia, yasatshalaliswa engxenyeni yeSakhalin, Kamchatka nasogwini loLwandle iBaltic. Prefers tundra, ihlathi-tundra kanye namahlathi axubile. Ehlobo, amabala angamakhasi ansundu. Ebusika, ngemuva kokuncibilika, izimpaphe zazo ziba mhlophe.
5. I-Grey partridge. Ibizwa nangokuthi yi-steppe. Kuyi-subspecies ejwayelekile kakhulu yohlobo lwe-partridge. Le nyoni ibukeka icishe ifane nenkukhu yasekhaya. Ukuphila e-Eurasia.

Izici Zobumpunga be-Partridge

I-Partridge - inyoni encane. Mncane ngokwedlula ijuba. Ihlala otshanini phakathi kwezihlahlana. Ukusuka kude, onamakhanda ubonakala empunga, ngaphandle kwama-halftones. Lesi sici senza inyoni ingabonakali. I-plumage enemibala ihlukeka kahle eduze.

Le nyoni ihamba ngezinyawo, ingajahi futhi isheshe igijime. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zisebenzisa impilo yazo yonke ngezinyawo. Balala phansi.

Partridge kuyaqabukela indiza futhi amabanga amafushane kuphela, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukudla noma ingozi. Ikhuphuka ngokukhala okwesabisayo, indiza iqonde phansi komhlabathi, ishintshana ngokuhlela ngamaphiko amafushane amafushane. Indiza yenyoni ihlala ihambisana nomsindo omkhulu owenziwe izimpaphe. Okuthakazelayo izici zezwi zephothiji. Imisindo eyenziwe yinyoni ifana nokushaya okushayayo nokukhala okukhulu ngethoni ephakanyisiwe ekugcineni. Izinyoni ezilimele, ikakhulukazi izinsikazi ezidlekeni, zingakhala.

Ubukhulu kanye nesakhiwo

I-Partridge grey inomzimba omncane oyindilinga 30-35 cm ubude. Abesifazane bangaphansi kwabesilisa ngobukhulu nangesisindo. Isisindo sowesilisa osekhulile singama-360-550 gr, izinsikazi zingama-300-520 gr. Isisindo sezinyoni ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo nesikhathi. Izinyoni ezihlala engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwekazi ziphakeme ngobukhulu kunezihlobo zazo ezisenyakatho, ezisentshonalanga nangaseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabanga amade athola isisindo ekwindla.

Izimpiko zenyoni incane - cm- 45-50 cm. Izimpiko zimfishane (15-16 cm), ziyindilinga. Umsila mfushane (7-8 cm), uyindilinga. Izinyawo zobude obuphakathi, ezingenawo umbala. Izinyoni azinayo ama-spurs. Amathrekhi angamasentimitha angama-4 ngosayizi.

I-Plumage

I-partridge ithole igama layo amapayipi anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imininingwane enhle nokuhlobisa akuyona uphawu kuye: endaweni yangemuva kuphela iphethini emnyama. Ingaphezulu lekhanda libomvu onsundu, linamamaki ansundu nemivimbo emhlophe emincane. Ibunzi, izihlathi nengxenye engenhla yomqala onsundu. Ngemuva nesifuba kungwempunga, ngemivimbo emincane namachashaza ansundu. Isisu ngimpunga okhanyayo, futhi onesici esinsundu esinsundu ngendlela esakhiwe ngayo ihhashi. Izinhlangothi zihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emikhulu nsundu. Izimpaphe zomsila zibomvu, zinemingcele emhlophe. Uqhwaku lukaPartridge luphuzi, imilenze ingwephuzi.

Owesifazane uhluke kancane kowesilisa ngombala weplamu. Umbala wekhanda lakhe ungabomvu njengokukhanya kowesilisa. Indawo ebunjwe ngamahhashi esiswini nayo ivezwa buthaka kakhulu.

I-Molting

I-Partridge grey sheds kabili ngonyaka.

1. Ukuxubha okuyingxenye kwabesilisa kwenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni futhi kumboza ikhanda nentambo kuphela. Lolu hlobo lokuncibilika kwabesifazane lubizwa ngokuthi bangaphambi komshado, njengoba kwenzeka ngoMashi nango-Ephreli. Ukufakwa esikhundleni sezinsi kwenzeka ekhanda, emahlombe nasifuba esiphezulu.
2. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma okugcwele, ipeni lonke liyashintsha. Kubantu abadala, le nkathi iqala ngoJulayi, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamachwane. Ukushintshwa kwama-plumage kuphela ngo-Okthoba.

Habitat

Ukusakazeka Kwempunga Ye-Partridge amazwe amaningi we-Eurasia. Enyakatho kuneNorway, iSweden, enyakatho yeFinland, enkabeni nasempumalanga yeYurophu. Ngaseningizimu kukhona iPortugal, i-Italy, iGrisi kanye neningizimu yeFrance. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala nasendaweni engasenyakatho ye-Iran, enkabeni yeTurkey neKazakhstan. E-Russia, umngcele osenyakatho uqala oLwandle Olumhlophe, udlule engxenyeni eseYurophu yezwe, uqhubeke naseningizimu yeSiberia bese uyaphela eKhakassia.

Izindawo lapho kufakwe khona isimilo se-grey grey ngamahlathi nezihlahla zemfucumfucu, ama-steppes namahlathi. Kulokhu, ibizwa nangokuthi i-steppe. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, izazi zezilwane zaseHungary zenza ucwaningo futhi zathola ukuthi ama-35% esikhathi lapho laba abamele inhlanganisela yenkukhu bachitha ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezihlahla nezihlahla, ama-65% emazweni afudukayo wama-steppes, nasemasimini ama-rye noma ommbila.

Kubaluleke kakhulu kumagemide ampunga izakhiwo zenhlabathi. Izinhlabathi zobumba azamukeleki kubo. Izinyoni ezinezinwele zithanda ukuhlala emazweni afinyeleleka kahle. Ezintabeni, izinyoni zingahlala emithambekeni yama-steppe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2 000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

I-Partridge njengento yokuzingela

Inyama ye-Partridge ingumkhiqizo omnandi futhi obalulekile. Isikhathi sokuzingela sithatha kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuNovemba. Kukhona izindlela eziningana zokuthola inyoni.

1. Ngenja. Best of zonke izindlela zokudoba. Izinhlobo zezinkomba, kanye ne-husky kanye ne-spaniels, zilungele lokhu. Amabalethi cishe awabonakali otshanini nasezihlahleni eziphansi, kepha umzingeli wezinja uyakwazi ukuthola umdlalo. Zizwa isilo, izinyoni ziya phezulu futhi umuntu uthola ithuba lokudubula.
2. Kusuka kule ndlela. Le nketho yenziwa ekwindla, lapho umngcele udla okude kangangokuba bacishe baphelelwe amandla okundiza. Umuntu uhambahamba neqembu lezinyoni ezondlayo eceleni kwenyoka bese eshaya izinyoni phansi. Ama-binoculars asiza ukuthola imihlambi.
3. Ngama-pneumatics. Ukuzingela okunjalo akudingi imvume ekhethekile yezikhali. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-pneumatics anamandla amancane abulalayo, amamitha angama-20 kubhekwa ibanga elifanelekile lokudubula. Ukusondela kulenyoni, abazingeli basebenzisa i-decoy enemisindo efana nephimbo.
4. Nezicupho. Ukudotshwa kwezinyoni kusetshenziswa izicupho kwenziwa ebusika, ngoba iminonjana ihlukaniswa kahle eqhweni. Amagatsha eWillow ne-birch asethelwe eduze kweminenkezo, ama-buds awo amakilasi athandana nawo kakhulu. Izicupho ziboshelwe ezihlahleni ukuze inyamazane ingahambi.

Phakathi kwabazingeli abamba iqhaza Kunomthetho ongabhaliwe: Musa ukubhubhisa sonke isibalo sezinyoni ezindala eqenjini, ukuze amachwane angafi ngaphandle kokugadwa kwabadala.

Emashumini eminyaka edlule, inani labantu abamba imvubelo lehle kakhulu. Ukuphela kwezinyoni eziphakeme kuphela okufaka isandla ekutheni le nhlobo ayibekeki engozini namuhla. Ngekhulu lama-21, amanye amazwe aseYurophu aletha umthetho wokuvinjwa kokuzingela ama-parridge.