Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ngalezi zilwane ezihlukile nezingavamile, futhi kuyaqabukela ungaziboni kwizindawo zokugcina izilwane. Takin (I-Budorcas taxicolor) isatshalaliswa ezintabeni zasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, iTibet, Nepal kanye neChina, lapho ihlala khona ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngo-2000-4500 m emahlathini angaphansi kwe-Rhododendron ne-bamboo. Ama-Takins anamathele kakhulu kumasayithi angapheli futhi awashiye ngokungathandeki, noma ngabe usika izinkuni. Zigcinwa ngamaqembu amancane ezilwane eziyishumi kuya kwezingu-35, kepha ebusika, zehlela emithambekeni yezintaba, kwesinye isikhathi babutha imihlambi yezilwane ezingaba yikhulu. Uma ubheka kuqala, ama-takins abonakala emanxa, kepha empeleni ayashesha futhi asheshe, uma kwenzeka ingozi ingagijima ngokushesha, kodwa ngokusongela okusheshayo azama ukufihla, alale phansi emhlabathini futhi alule izintamo zawo. Ngokudabukisayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo baba manqikanqika kangangokuba, bathi, bangakhushulwa. Umhlaba wesayensi wafunda ngokuthatha isikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi eside kangaka - izinhlobo lezi zatholakala ngo-1850 kuphela. Sekudlule iminyaka eminingi kusukela lapho, kepha namuhla ulwazi ngempilo yama-takins lilinganiselwe. Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zilwane ziphila impilo yemfihlo, zinakekela kakhulu futhi zinamahloni.
Ngo-1985, iqembu lesazi sezilwane esidumile uGeorge Schaller likwazile ukuthola ezinye izinto ezithokozisayo ngempilo yokuthathwa. Kwavela ukuthi bane "kindergartens" ekhethekile lapho amathole amaningana angavikelwa omama bawo, kepha yi "nanny" ekhethekile.
Umsoco
Yidla ama-tak amahlumela amaningi emithi nezihlahla, kepha izitshalo ze-herbaceous nazo ziyadla. USchaller wabala izinhlobo eziyi-138 zezitshalo abazidlayo. Izazi ze-zoologists ziphawule ukuthi, ukuze zifinyelele amahlamvu, zithambisa iziqu zezihlahla zezihlahla eziphansi kwazo. Kwesinye isikhathi bephuka, kepha imvamisa babegoba kuphela, bese kuthi, imilenze yabo ihlukaniswe bodwa bese bebamba isihlahla ngesisindo somzimba wabo, badla amahlamvu awo ngokuthula. Ngemuva kwesidlo esinjengalesi, amathayi abukeka sengathi isivunguvungu sidlulile kuwo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha imilenze yangemuva bese ifinyelela emagatsheni aphezulu, idle ngokungafanele.
Isimo sokuLondolozwa
Esikhathini esedlule esedlule, phambili takinov abantu bendawo bebezingela ngenkuthalo, futhi babanjwa nemizi yezilwane. Ngenhlanhla, emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, uhulumeni waseChina wanquma ukukhipha ama-Takins (njenge-panda enkulu) phakathi kwengcebo yezwe. Kwadalwa imithombo emibili ekhethekile, futhi kwavinjwa ukuzingela nokugebha ama-zoos Inani lezilwane liye landa kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha ngokungahambi kahle kusuka ekuhlushweni ngokuqondile kwabantu - okusongela ngokwedlulele ukuqothulwa kwezindawo abahlala kuzo ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. UTakin ubhalwe encwadini ebomvu ye-International Union for Conservation of Nature njengezinhlobo ezingandile.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
UTakin isilwane esingajwayelekile esivela emndenini we-bovine. Lezi zingqimba ze-artiodactyl ezihlukaniswe ngesisekelo sezakhiwo zezimpondo: ekwakhekeni kwazo, izimpondo zezilwane ezinjalo azinalutho, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ziqinile ngenxa yokuqhuma. Futhi, izinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu zifaka phakathi amazinsikazi: amabhungane, izinyamazane, amabhungane, izinkunzi, izimbuzi nezinqama.
Phakathi kokuthathwa, kuhlukaniswa imininingwane emine, okuncike endaweni yabo:
- Okubhalwe phansi eBurmese
- takin yegolide
- Sichuan takin,
- IsiBhutanese takin.
Ividiyo: Takin
I-squid - umndeni omkhulu impela, ohlanganisa izinhlobo zezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukusuka ku-antelope encane ye-dikdik, efinyelela isisindo esingama-5 kg., Ukuphela nge-bison, osisindo sayo singadlula amakhilogremu ayinkulungwane. UTakin ubuye aqhamuke emndenini wama-bovine ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okungajwayelekile nendawo yokuhlala emincane.
Njengomthetho, ama-bovid ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, njengama-savannas nama-steppes. Lezi zilwane zilungele kangcono ukuhamba isikhathi eside, zithanda ukufuya imihlambi futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukulwa nezilwane ezizingelayo zisebenzisa izimpondo eziqinile nemilenze eqinile njengezikhali.
UTakin, njengohlobo lwesilwane, watholakala sekwephuzile - cishe ikhulu nesigamu edlule. Okokuqala, izazi zemvelo zathola amathambo alezi zilwane okwakungeke kwaziwe, base bethola lesi silwane kuphela.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani?
UTakin ufana nenkomo encane. Ukuphakama ekungeneni kufinyelela ku-100 cm, ubude besilisa bufinyelela ku-150 cm, ngaphandle komsila. Isisindo somzimba wama-takins cishe ama-300 kg - lokhu kungumthethosisekelo oqinile wesilwane esincane.
Ama-takins anokubuna okubunjiwe, ukubuyela emuva okubucayi kanye ne-croup ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Umsila wesilwane umfushane kakhulu, ukhumbuza eminye imisila yezimvu. Ijazi lide, alithambile, futhi linombala ongaphansi ofudumele. Umbala we-takin u-gradient, obomvu okhanyayo, wokuqina. Ezinhlangothini ezisondelene ne-croup, kungahle kube lula noma kube mnyama. Kukhona nezimpawu zomnyama ezimnyama ezisesizalweni, emilenzeni naseziswini zama-takins.
Ama-Takins anekhanda elikhulu elifana namakhanda we-moose. Ekhaleni elikhulu elinenqwaba yezinhlokomo, amakhala amakhulu, umlomo obanzi kanye namehlo amakhulu amnyama. Izindlebe zincanyana, kepha ziyahamba, futhi zimbozwe ngoboya.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bahluka ngosayizi womzimba kuphela. Zombili zinezimpondo ezifana nezimpondo ze-buffalo - ilungiselelo eliseduze ezansi, bese zizalela ezinhlangothini. Maphakathi nophondo lubanzi futhi luyisicaba, lumboze ibunzi, bese ligingqika libuyele emuva.
Ama-Takins ane-mane awugqinsi, nawo obonwa kwabesilisa nabesilisa. Imvamisa lezi yizinwele eziluhlaza ezilinganayo ezilenga entanyeni nasemhlathini ophansi. Izinselo zama-takins zibanzi, lapho kukhula khona amathambo amakhulu. Imilenze iqine, iqondile, iqinile.
Ngabe i-takin ihlala kuphi?
Isithombe: Takin eNdiya
Ama-Takins anamathele kakhulu endaweni ahlala kuyo. Lezi zilwane azijwayele ukufuduka, okwenza kube nzima ukuzalaniswa kwazo ekudingisweni.
Ngokuvamile, ama-takins ahlala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
Iningi lezinkomo lihlala esifundazweni saseSichuan eChina. Lapho bahlala endaweni evikelekile, ehlanganisa indawo enamadwala enezintaba namahlathi aminyene omswakama. Ama-Takins akhetha ukuhlala ezintabeni, lapho ihlathi lijoyina khona amadwala. Imihlambi yabo ingabonakala nasemathafeni angaphansi kwe-alpine, lapho kunezingxenye ezincane zamadwala.
Ama-Takins athanda ama-rhododendron thickets, amahlumela we-bamboo anzima. Zithwala kalula ubude obukhulu - zivame ukutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ngaphezu kolwandle. Esikhathini sokubanda, amaqaqa asuka ezintabeni eziqandayo aye emahlathini ezinyawo, lapho ahlala khona ngaphambi kokuqala kokushisa.
Ngenxa yomthethosisekelo wazo womzimba, zivumelaniswe ngokuphelele nezindawo zokuhlala ezindaweni ezithile zomhlaba. Izinselo ezibanzi nemilenze eqinile ibavumela ukuba bakhuphuke amatshe namatshe angazinzi. Njengoba behamba kancane, kodwa bengekho bakhulu, bazizwa bekhululekile phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene nezindunduma.
Ama-Takins nawo ahlangana kahle kuma-zoo. Abafuni izimo zokuboshwa, ezifana, ngokwesibonelo, ama-buffalos nezinye izithombane ezithanda ukushisa. Ama-Takins azizwa kahle ezimweni zezulu ezifudumele nasebusika.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ukutholwa kutholakala kuphi. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe kudlani?
Isithombe: UGolide Takin
Ama-Takins angawokugcotshwa, okuthi ngenkathi efudumele akhethe ukudla utshani obuluhlaza, amagatsha esihlahla abancane namaqabunga. Izimbali ze-alpine zihlukahlukene kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ama-takins anokudla okunothile kakhulu, okubandakanya izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-130.
Ebusika, ama-takins adla amahlumela, izinaliti, amaqabunga owomile, u-bamboo ne-Rhododendron. Futhi, ngezinselo ezibanzi, bambe ungqimba lweqhwa eliningi ngisho nokuqandeka okuqinile kweqhwa ukufika ezimpandeni notshani obomile. I-metabolism ye-takines yehlisa ijubane ebusika, okubavumela ukuthi bangatholi indlala.
Ama-Takins angaklebhula amagxolo amasha ezihlahleni ngenxa yokwakheka komhlathi. Isiphetho se-muzzle of takins yi-cartilage ethambile, efana naleyo etholakala kumamose nezinye izinhlobo zamahhashi. Ngibonga yena, badla amagxolo nezihlahla zezihlahla.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ama-Takins angama ngisho nasemilenzeni yawo yangasemva ukuze afinyelele lapho kuphathwa khona - amahlamvu aluhlaza nezithelo ezikhula ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ezilwaneni zasekhaya, ukondliwa kwama-takins ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kotshani obusha kanye notshani, kuphekelwa izithelo, amajikijolo kanye nemifino, i-bran namavithamini kuyanezelelwa kokuphakelayo, okuvumela lezi zilwane ukuba zihlale ziphilile futhi ziphile isikhathi eside.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Takin ngemvelo
Ama-Takins ayizilwane ezesabeka kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu indlela yokuziphatha kwabo akufundwa kancane. Bakhombisa umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ntambama nakusihlwa - khona-ke lezi zilwane ziya ngaphandle kwamamayidi avulekile ukuzokondla.
Ama-Takins ahlelwe zaba yizinkomo ezincane ezinezinhloso eziyishumi. Kukhona umholi wesilisa emhlanjini nabaphathi bezintokazi, kodwa, umholi akaxoshi ezinye izinsikazi. Izazi zemvelo ziphawula ukuthi amaduna amadala aneminyaka engazali azigcina kude nomhlambi.
Ebusika, imihlambi emincane yama-takins ihlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu. Ngakho-ke izilwane ziyasindiswa emakhazeni, zihlangene zivikela amazinyane akhulayo. Izingxabano zivame ukwenzeka ngaphakathi kweqembu lokukhipha - lezi zilwane zithambekele ngokuthula zibheke komunye nomunye.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Yize ama-takins ebonakala egcwele futhi ephuza, angakhuphuka izingxenye ezinamadwala amancanyana ukujabulela ama-moss noma amahlamvu amancane.
Ama-Takins awonakaliswa ilukuluku - izilwane ezisabekayo zigwema konke okungaziwa. Kodwa-ke, ku-zoo, bayakwazi ukujwayela umuntu, bamthatha njengengxenye yomhlambi. Ukuthathwa kwabesifazane, amawundlu akhulayo, kwesinye isikhathi ahlukaniswa umlingiswa ophilayo ongalindelekanga. Bayakwazi ukuhlasela izitha ezingaba khona, bazivikele ngezimpondo nezinselo. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa abanolaka kakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi benza umsebenzi wokuzala kuphela, ngaphandle kokuvikela umhlambi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Takin Hatchling
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa abagcina ukunqunyelwa emhlambini bajoyina izinsikazi futhi bakhombisa intshiseko enkulu kuzo. Imvamisa, isikhathi sokuzala siba ngoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti - kuya ngoqondo lokushisa lomoya. Ama-Takins aqongelela emihlambini emikhulu, ahlela umzabalazo welungelo lokushada.
Abesilisa abasebenza ngama-takins akuyona izingxabano, ngakho-ke, ukulwa okubonakalayo kuyaqabukela. Kaningi kunalokho, bavele bakhungathekisane, bangavamisile, bashayisana nezimpondo, kepha abazenzi izingqimba ezinde. Ama-paters of takins (ngokuvamile abesilisa abancane nabangenalwazi) asuka emhlanjini wezintokazi futhi aqhubeke ngaphandle kokubukela.
Ngemuva kokuphola, abesilisa baqhubeka nokuhlala bodwa. Ukukhulelwa kokuthathwa kwabesifazane kuhlala izinyanga ezingaba yisishiyagalombili. Insikazi izala ithole elilodwa, imvamisa kakhulu - emibili, kodwa eyesibili, njengomthetho, ayiphili endle. Cubs zizalwa athuthukisiwe futhi ezimele. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa bafika ezinyaweni zabo, bese bexabana ngosuku osuvele bedlala ngalo.
Kuze kube amasonto amabili eminyaka ubudala, amawundlu adla ubisi lukamama, bese eshintsha kancane kancane ukuze atshale ukudla. Kodwa-ke, umama wondla iwundlu izinyanga eziningana. Amawundlu akhulile akhiqiza i- "emkhombeni", abukelwa ngowesifazane oyedwa omdala. Lapho-ke omama balezi zingane beza ezinganeni zabo kuphela ukuzondla.
Izitha zemvelo zokuthathwa
Isithombe: Sichuan takin
Ngobungozi obuncane, ama-takins afunela ukucasha esihlahleni se-bamboo noma aye emaweni amawa. Futhi, babonakala ngokuziphatha okungabonakali kwamanye ama-artiodactyls - ama-takins athambekele ukucasha. Lezi zilwane zilele otshanini obude noma phakathi kwamathanga aminyene bese zibamba, zilindele isitha noma ingozi engahle inyamalale. Aze anciphise intamo yawo futhi amboze amehlo ukuze ithuba lokutholwa lincane.
Iqiniso elihehayo: abomdabu baze baba nehlaya ongalinyathela ku-takin - ukuze lezi zilwane ezinkulu zingabonakali.
Ama-Takins ahlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyelela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Isitha esibi kunazo zonke esiye sakhubazeka kakhulu inani labantu abasebenza ngama-takin ngumuntu. Ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa kwe-anthropogenic nemvelo nokuzingela, lezi zilwane zisondele ekuqothulweni. Kepha kunenqwaba yezilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlangabezana nazo.
Amahlosi ayizilwane ezinobuqili nezidukisayo ezizingela ngekhono ngokuzingela izikebhe. Bayakwazi ukuhogela i-takin efihlekile kokubili ezintabeni nasehlathini. Noma kunjalo, amahlosi awakwazi ukudicilela phansi inani labantu abasebenza ngama-takin, ngoba bakhetha ukuzingela inyamazane etholakala ezindaweni ezithile.
Futhi okuyingozi kakhulu kuma-takins ama-bears. Bayakwazi ukuhlasela abantu abadala noma abancane ezindaweni ezivulekile, lapho ukuthathwa kancane kunamathuba amancane okubalekela. Kepha amabhere awatholakali nasezindaweni ezihlala kulezi zilwane.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani?
Imisipha isongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwabo, bavusele isasasa elikhulu hhayi kuphela phakathi kwezazi zemvelo, kodwa futhi naphakathi kwabathandi bokuzingela zasendle. Ama-Takins asezindaweni zawo zemvelo awanaso isibalo esikhulu sabantu, kepha ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili inani labo lehle kakhulu.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani inani labantu abasebenza ngokweqile likwehlile kakhulu:
- Abazingeli abazingela ngentshiseko bazingela ngentshiseko, ngoba bekukholelwa ukuthi izitho zabo zangaphakathi, inyama nezimpondo kunezinto zokwelapha. Bathengisa kahle emakethe, okunomthelela ekuzingeleni okuqhubekayo kwalezi zilwane,
- Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuthinta inani labantu abakhileyo. Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zilwane zinamathele kakhulu endaweni yazo yokuhlala futhi ziyenqena ukusishiya. Ngakho-ke, ama-patins ajwayele afe kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, futhi alahlekelwe yisisekelo esikhulu soklaba ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwezimila,
- lapho ukutholwa, njengezinhlobo, kutholakala, zabanjwa ngobukhulu bezilwane. Lapho babengenakho ukufinyelela kwezindawo zokuhlala ezifanele futhi abazalanga, okubuye kuthinte isibalo salezi zilwane,
- Imisebe isengozini yokushintshwa kwemvelo, ngakho-ke ukungcoliswa komoya kuthinta impilo yabo nokuphila isikhathi eside. Abaphenyi baphawula ukuthi endaweni engcolisiwe, kuthola ukuzala okuncane ngokuzithandela.
Lezi zinto zibe nomthelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lama-takin. Okwamanje, inani lalezi zilwane libuyiselwa ngenxa yezindlela zokuvikela ezifika ngesikhathi.
I-Takin Guard
Photo: Takin from the Red Book
Ama-Takins abhalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba ngaphansi kwesimo sezinhlobo ezingandile. Izindlela zokuzivikela maqondana nalezi zilwane zazisetshenziswa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, kepha zazisebenza kakhulu.
Okokuqala, uhulumeni waseChinese wamukela ukuthatha njengempahla yezwe, okubanikeza isimo sezemvelo esiyisisekelo. Ukuzingela ukuthathwa kwenqatshelwe ezingeni likahulumeni futhi kujeziswa ngokuboshwa kanye nenhlawulo yemali.
Ukuthathwa kokuthathwa kwama-zoo kuvinjelwe. Abanye abantu bagcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane zakwamanye amazwe ezimeni ezikhethekile ezifaka isandla ekukhiqizweni ngempumelelo kwalezi zilwane. Ama-Takins ahlala ekudingisweni abonwa ngamaqembu ama-Naturalists, ethungatha izinkomba zezempilo yezilwane.
Okwesibili, izindawo lapho ama-takins ahlala kuzo kakhulu zibonwa njengezivikelwe. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwe-anthropogenic akufakiwe, futhi lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu ekubuyiselweni kwenani labantu.
Kodwa-ke, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwezimboni kuyaqhubeka, ngakho-ke ukudonsa okuvela ezindaweni ezingavikelekile kuyaqhubeka kusongelwa. Ngenkathi inani labo lizinzile, futhi lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zingatholakala nasezindlini ezinkulu zomhlaba.
Takin - isilwane esihle futhi esimangalisayo. Siyethemba ukuthi ama-zoo kanye nama-reservation azokwazi ukubuyisa inani lalezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile.Isimo sengqondo esiqondile ngemvelo kanye nokwenqatshelwa kokuqothulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo kungasombulula inkinga yokuqothulwa kwalezi zilwane.