UHeron inyoni enkulu yomndeni wama-heron, uhlobo lweHeron. Izihlobo zabo eziseduzane zingukuzamazama, ama-bitterns. Futhi ngamabhuzi, abanokufana okuthile nabo bangaphandle, baxhunyaniswa kuphela yizihlobo ezikude.

Le nyoni evamile kahle - i-heron. Incazelo, izinhlobo zayo zivezwa cishe kuzo zonke izincwadi zokubhekisisa ze-ornithological. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-heron ziyehluka hhayi ngombala kuphela, kepha futhi ngosayizi, ezingashiyana ngokuhluka: ukusuka kumasentimitha amane kuya kumitha eyodwa nesigamu. Isisindo esivamile sezinyoni asidluli amakhilogremu amabili nesigamu.

Abamele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene bavame ukuba nombala ofanayo: omhlophe, obomvu, omnyama, ompunga, kepha notshani abanemibala emibili bayatholakala. Imvamisa, imilenze ipendiwe ngombala omnyama. I-plumage ibushelelezi, futhi ikhanda lihlotshiswa kakhulu nge-crest. Ubungako bawo buxhomekeke ezinhlotsheni.

Namuhla, izinhlobo eziyishumi nane zalezi zinyoni ziyahlukaniswa. Edume kunazo zonke zazo:

• mnyama
• oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhulu
• i-heron ebomvu
• mnyama
• mhlophe
• grey heron.

Sizokhuluma ngefomu lokugcina ngemininingwane eminingi.

Ukuchazwa kwenyoni

Le nyoni ingeyomndeni wegama elifanayo, futhi ngokuqondile ngokulandelana kwe-ankle. Incazelo eningiliziwe yenyoni ye-heron izonikezwa ngezansi.

Njengoba kubonwe esithombeni se-heron, kuyinyoni enkulu kunalokho, ukukhula kwayo kungahluka kusuka ku-0.8 kuya ku-1 m. Isisindo somuntu omdala sivame ukusukela ku-0, 1.5 siye ku-2 kg. Abesifazane banesisindo esingaphansi kwesabesilisa. Lokhu konke ukwahluka kobulili bangaphandle.

I-heron inomzimba omude, omisipha. Izici eziciwayo zale nyoni intamo ende, egobile njengonhlamvu lwegama “S” nemilenze emincane, emide eneminwe emine.

Uma ubuka uzipho lomunwe ophakathi nendawo, ungabona ukuthi lide kakhulu kunelinye futhi ligijimile. I-heron isebenzisa lapho yenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi wokuhlanzeka. Izimpaphe ezaphukile zezimpaphe zisebenza njengesisekelo sokwakheka kukafulawa - kudlala indima yokugcoba izimpaphe.

Qaphela!

Amaphiko kaHeron amade, ayindilinga ngesimo. Ububanzi bawo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Inyoni ingenza kalula izindiza ezinde. Ukuthakazelisa kakhulu. Inqubo iqukethe imivimbo eminingana yokuqothula ebusweni. Imilenze kaHeron ayiphelelwa ngamandla. Ngesikhathi sendiza, asethelwe kude kakhulu kwehaw.

Uqhwaku lude, lubukhali, kuncane. Inyoni yakhe isebenzisa ukuthola ukudla. Ukudla kwesilwane esinamaphiko kuyizinhlanzi, ama-amphibians kanye namagundane amancane. Isimo somlomo womlomo sibunjiwe. Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya kokuswakeme. Ubude bokuthi ithuluzi elinjalo livame ukuba ngu-13 cm.

Kepha iplamu, libanzi futhi alixegisi. Imibala ikakhulukazi i-grey, emnyama nomhlophe. Okuhlukile yi-heron ebomvu - inezimpaphe ezinombala onsundu-esifubeni.

Iningi lezinhlobo linokukhanya okuhle kwezimpaphe ngemuva kwekhanda.

I-Habitat kanye nezici ze-grey heron

Grey heron kungokwalawo ama-oda Ciconiiformes, uhlobo lwezinkukhu. Uba nobudlelwano nezinye izinyoni ezifanayo - izingulube eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nezikhumba ezimhlophe ezimhlophe. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa ibanzi, ihlala ingxenye yeYurophu, i-Afrika, isiqhingi saseMadagascar naseNdiya, e-Asia (Japan nase China).

Kwezinye izindawo grey heron colonies kusabalele, kanti abanye banabantu kuphela ngabamele abathile. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esingesihle njengeSiberia neYurophu enamazinga okushisa aphansi, i-heron ayihlali isikhathi eside, ihlala kulezi zindawo ukuze iphumule ngesikhathi sendiza.

Le nyoni ayikhethi, kodwa ikhetha izindawo ezifudumele zigcwele izihlahla namathafa, utshani, amazwe agcwele imithombo yamanzi.

Ezintabeni grey heron uyaphila kuyaqabukela, kepha amathafa, evundile ikakhulukazi ngokudla okulungele wona, ahlala ngenhliziyo enhle. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, kwabiwa okuningana kwenyoni. Kunokwehluka ngokubukeka nobunjalo bempilo. Kunezindlela ezine ezingaphansi:

1. I-Ardea cinerea firasa - imifino ehlala esiqhingini saseMadagascar ihlukaniswa ngemilomo emikhulu nangama-paws.

2. I-Ardea cinerea monicae - izinyoni ezihlala eMauritania.

3. I-Ardea cinerea jouyi Clark - abantu bezindawo zasempumalanga.

4. I-Ardea cinerea cinerea L - i-herons yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, njengezinyoni ezihlala emazweni ase-Asia, zinenqwaba ekhanyayo kunabanye abamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo.

I-Herons, kungakhathalekile ukuthi i-subspecies, inezici ezijwayelekile zangaphandle. Imizimba yabo mikhulu futhi ifinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-1, intamo inciphile, uqhwaku lubukhali futhi luphakeme ngo-10-14 cm.

Isisindo sommeleli wabantu abadala walezi zinhlobo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili, okubalulekile enyoni. Kodwa-ke, abamele abancane babonwa futhi. Iphiko lingamamitha ayi-1.5 ngokwesilinganiso. Kuneminwe emi-4 emilenzeni, uzipho oluphakathi lulele, omunye weminwe ubheka emuva.

I-plumage iyimpunga, imnyama emhlane, ikhanya ibe mhlophe esiswini nasesifubeni. UBill uphuzi, imilenze in nsundu noma imnyama. Amehlo aphuzi ngokugqamile ngomngcele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amantshontsho angakavuthwa anemibala grey ngokuphelele, kodwa ngokukhula izimpaphe ekhanda zimnyama, imivimbo emnyama ivela ezinhlangothini. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahluka kancane, kuphela ngosayizi womzimba. Izimpiko nomlomo womuntu wesifazane kungamasentimitha angama-10 ukuya kweli-20 kunalowesilisa.

Kulesi sithombe owesilisa nowesifazane grey heron esidlekeni

Isimilo seGrey Heron, Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Grey Heron Incazelo kusuka ohlangothini lomlingiswa kunqabile. Akahlukile ngobudlova noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, esimweni esihle. Unamahloni kakhulu, lapho ebona ingozi ngokushesha asheshe ukundiza endaweni ayijwayele, uphonsa namachwane akhe.

Ukudla i-heron kwehlukile. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, inyoni ingaguqula imikhuba yayo yokunambitha, ivumelane nemvelo, kepha imvamisa ikhetha ukudla kwezilwane. Ukudla kwakhe yilezi: inhlanzi, izibungu, izibankwa, amasele, izinyoka, izinduku nezinambuzane, izimbaza kanye nama-crustaceans.

Inyoni eyi-heron ukubekezela ekuzingeleni. Angalinda isikhathi eside, esakaza amaphiko akhe ngaleyo ndlela ahehe isisulu. Lapho isilwane esingenangqondo sisondela, ngokushesha sibamba isisulu ngomlomo waso futhi siyigwinye.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-heron idla izicucu, kwesinye isikhathi iginya inyamazane ngokuphelele. Ama-solids (amagobolondo, uvolo, isikali) ama-burps ngemuva kokudla. I-heron ingaphila impilo yobusuku nobusuku, isuke imile emanzini noma emhlabeni, ilinde ukudla. I-heron grey emile ichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwayo.

I-Herons ihlala emaqenjini amakhulu ezidleke aze afike ku-20 koloni linye. Inombolo ihlala ifinyelela kubantu abayi-100 ngisho naku-1000. Bakhuluma ngokukhamuluka okukhulu kanye nezikwele, beginqika engozini, umsindo odlidlizelayo lapho bezwakalisa ulaka.

Lalela izwi le-heron elimpunga

I-Molting igrey heron enkulu kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ephela ngoJuni. Izimpaphe zihamba kancane bese zithathelwa ezinye ezintsha izinyanga eziningi kuze kube uSepthemba.

I-Herons yenza ukufuduka phakathi kwamaqembu nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku, iyeke ukuphumula okufushane ekuseni. Izinyoni zodwa azihambi ngengozi yokundiza amabanga amade.

Ngenxa yomlomo ocijile, izinyamazane ezincane zesaba ukuhlasela i-heron, futhi isitha sayo esiyinhloko sikhulu, ngokwesibonelo, izimpungushe, ama-raccoon, izimpungushe. Imichilo yamaqanda intshontshelwe yizinyamazane, imfene, amagundane.

Incazelo kaHeron

Ngokwehlukahlukana kwezinhlobo ze-heron, singaphetha ngokuthi ngokubukeka kwalezi zinyoni zingahluka kakhulu kwesinye. Onke ama-heron ikakhulukazi anombala ofanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezihlanganisa imibala emibili, ikakhulukazi zibe mhlophe namnyama.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi abancane kakhulu abamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo izikhathi eziphindwe kathathu kuneziyikhulu kunazo zonke, okufinyelela kumitha eyodwa nesigamu ukuphakama, ukwakheka komzimba wabo kunokuthi i-heron ingadideki nenye inyoni.

Ngaphandle kokukhetha, wonke ama-heron anentamo ende, uqhwaku, imilenze futhi ahlukaniswa ngamaphiko amakhulu nomsila omncane. Lapho isesekhona, intamo ye-heron igobe ngesimo sencwadi u-S.

Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, iyaqonda, futhi umlomo oqondile oqondile ubamba inyamazane njengomkhonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uqhwaku luhlotshiswe ngemiphetho ebukhali, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangezinothi, ukuze ukubamba kungaphuthelwa yizinto eziphilayo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indawo yokuhlala ye-heron iseduze namanzi, ayinayo i-gland enamafutha ayo angasetshenziselwa ukugcoba izimpaphe, izivikele.

Njengendlela yokuvikela, i-heron isebenzisa i-fluff yayo uqobo, izindawo ezibizwa nge-powder.

Ukhubeka kalula bese uphenduka ube yimpuphu. I-Herons imboza izimpaphe zayo nazo. Benza lokhu nsuku zonke, ngakho-ke amakheroni ahlala ebukeka kahle ezithombeni.

Umnotho

Igama lesi Latin - I-Ardea cinerea

Igama lesiNgisi - Grey (evamile) heron

Isigaba - Izinyoni Izinyoni

Ukuhlonza - Ciconiiformes ciconiiformes

Umndeni - UHeron Ardeidae

Umusa - UHerons Ardea

I-Greon heron ingelinye lezinhlobo ezijwayelekile nezibanzi kakhulu zezingwamza noma emaqakaleni, njengoba zazibizwa kanjalo ngaphambili ngenxa yemilenze yazo emide. Njengamanje, izindawo ezi-4 ezihlukanisiwe ziyahlukaniswa - i-A.c.cinerea ihlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yebanga elisempumalanga kuya ogwini loLwandle lweCaspian neTrans-Urals, A.c.jouyi - engxenyeni esempumalanga yebanga, i-A.c.firasa - esiqhingini saseMadagascar, i-A.c.monicae - endaweni elinganiselwe ogwini lwaseMauritania.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

Inani lama-herons grey liphezulu cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zobubanzi bawo obukhulu. Ngokwesimo samazwe omhlaba, kubhekisa ezinhlotsheni ezinobukhona bazo obubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane. Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo zemvelo ngokusho kwedatha kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-2000 lalinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-700 laya kwizigidi ezingama-3.7 abantu I-heron eminingi kakhulu grey eRussia, China naseJapan.

Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2000, ngababili abayizinkulungwane eziyi-150-180 ababehlala emazweni aseYurophu. ECentral Europe, i-heron grey ingenye yezinyoni zokugcina ezisindayo.

Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia ngokusho kuka-1990-2000. sisuka ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-35 kuye kwezingama-60 zamabhulukwe aluhlaza, esinomkhuba osobala wokukhula ngamanani. Kodwa-ke, i-heron grey ayikho yonke indawo lapho inqwaba khona, futhi kwezinye izingxenye zeRussia ifakiwe esifundeni sezincwadi ezibomvu (i-Yakutia, Altai Territory, Kamchatka, Kirov, Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Tomsk Regions). Ngenxa yokuthi i-grey heron iyivelakancane eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia, ifakiwe ezinhlwini zezivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba phakathi kweRussia, iJapan neNdiya ekuvikelweni kwezinyoni ezifudukayo.

Lalela izwi le-heron elimpunga

Eduze kwamehlo, i-heron grey inendandatho yombala oluhlaza okotshani. I-iris iphuzi ngokuthinta okuluhlaza. Imilenze yenyoni ipendiwe ngombala onsundu onsundu. Abesilisa nabesifazane ngaphandle kwento ehlukile. Okuwukuphela kwesibonakaliso umuntu angahlukanisa ngaso owesilisa nowesifazane ubukhulu benyoni. Kulolu hlobo lwezinkukhu, owesilisa mkhulu kunowesifazane.

Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea).

Umbala kanye nenqwaba ye-grey heron

Izitho zaphansi, isisu nesifuba sangaphansi kwendlebe kupende ngamathoni amhlophe namhlophe. Umzimba ongaphezulu unombala grey-grey. I-plumage ekhanda imhlophe. Imivimbo yombala ompunga omnyama iya kusuka emehlweni kuya emuva kwekhanda. Ukuxhuma ngemuva kwekhanda, bakha i-corst engafani yezimpaphe. Amabala amnyama-mhlophe akhona entanyeni emhlophe-grey, akha imivimbo engu-2-3 enwetshelwa kwicala le-longitudinal. Izimpaphe eziyinhloko ze-heron zimnyama. Zimbadlana ngandlela thile kunezimpaphe ezimnyama ekhanda, njengoba zimbozwe ngofulawa, okuyinyoni ezihlala uzihlikihla ngayo.

Izimpaphe ezincane zimpunga. Izimpaphe ezigoqekile, zilenga ngemuva nasemaphepheni ngesimo sosofa, zakha uhlobo lwama-braids. Lama-pigtails ajwayele ukufakwa umbala olula kunasemuva, amathoni: ukusuka kumhlophe kuya kokumpunga okukhanyayo. Esifubeni nasemphinjeni, izimpaphe ziba mude. Lokhu kunwebeka kakhulu emgomeni wokuzala.

Ezinhlangothini zomzimba we-heron kukhona imichilo yombala omnyama. Lapho amaphiko enyoni egoqwa, izimpaphe endaweni ye-carpal fold zakha indawo ehlukile emnyama nomhlophe. Izimpaphe zomsila zingwevu eqinile.

IGrey heron iyinyoni ende emile, emide, enemibala efanayo nezimpaphe, inomlomo omude obukhali.

Ibanga le-Greon hering nest

Uhla oluphambili lokuzalela i-grey heron luphakathi kwemingcele yezwekazi laseNingizimu-mpumalanga naseNingizimu Asia kanye nogu lwase-Afrika loLwandle iMedithera. ENingizimu, eningizimu mpumalanga, eMpumalanga Afrika, kanye naseSri Lanka, iziqhingi zaseGreat Sunda, iMaldives naseMadagascar, le nyoni idla umhluzi. IHeron, njengomthetho, ayitholakali endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle. ENyakatho neNdiya kuphela, esifundeni saseLadakh, kwakuyinyoni ebonwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4000 ngaphezu kolwandle, nase-Armenia endaweni ephakeme ukufika kuma-2000 m.

Ezifundeni eziphansi zeCentral neNtshonalanga Yurophu, izidleke ze-heron ezimpunga cishe kuyo yonke indawo, ngokuya ngokutholakala kwezidumbu zamanzi ezifanele. Ngasogwini loLwandlekazi lwe-Arctic eScandinavia, i-heron ikhuphukela ezingeni le-68th parallel, kodwa ezindaweni eziningi ezingaphakathi ezweni ezinesimo sezulu esintabeni sase-Arctic, inyoni ayibonwa. Kwaqoshwa izidleke ezinze kahle enyakatho yeFinland nasengxenyeni yesithathu yeSweden. Eziqhingini zaseBrithani, izidleke endaweni eningi ngaphandle kwezintaba zaseNyakatho yeScotland.

Ensimini yeRussian Federation, i-heron grey ihlala kusuka eSt. Engxenyeni yezwe yaseYurophu, umngcele wobubanzi udlula ezifundeni zaseLeningrad, Kirov, Vologda nasePre. E-Central nase Ntshonalanga yeSiberia, umngcele uhamba cishe ngokufana kwe-60. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigodini soMfula iLena, umkhawulo wohlu lokuzala udlula endaweni ephansi naphakathi neVilyui. Ngasempumalanga, umngcele ungena ngomlomo woMfula i-Amur nesigodi sase-Aldan esingaphansi. Indawo eyakhiwe yodwa yaphawulwa ngaseYakutsk. Ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula ye-Dnieper, Danube, Volga ne-Dniester, kutholakala indawo ephakeme kakhulu yale ndawo ene-heron.

I-Greon heron isakazeke kakhulu. Ububanzi bawo buhlanganisa ingxenye ebalulekile ye-Eurasia ne-Afrika.

E-Asia, izindawo ezakha izidleke zitholakala ePakistan, eNyakatho ne-Iran, eTurkey, emazweni amaningi aseCentral Asia, naseMongolia, Korea, eNyakatho China, eJapan, kuze kufike eShikoku eningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga naseNingizimu Asia, okuyinyama eya eJava. IGrey heron ayitholakali eningizimu ye-Iran, eNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, futhi nasezindaweni ezingenamanzi nasezintabeni zezindawo ezingaphakathi ezweni.

Ukufuduka kwesizini kwama-grey herons

Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, isimo sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile siyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuthambekela kwezinyoni ukufudukela ubusika kukhuphuka kusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga kanye nokusuka eningizimu kuye enyakatho. Ngaphezu kokufuduka kwesizini, ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokudlekwa, i-grey heron ibonakaliswa yi-dispersal wide wide, ikakhulukazi yabantu abasha. E-UK, iningi labantu ebusika lihlala endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-200 yendawo yokuzalanisa. Lapha ama-herons awazishiyi izidumbu zawo zamanzi omdabu ngisho noma embozwe ngoguquko lweqhwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basandiza ukusuka ku-English Channel besuka eSouthern England futhi bahlela ubusika eNtshonalanga France, eNetherlands, eBelgium, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi eSpain.

Abantu abahlala endaweni yeRussian Federation, njengomthetho, baqhuba izindiza ezinde kakhulu zonyaka. Ukusuka eNtshonalanga Siberia nasengxenyeni yaseYurophu ebangeni, ingxenye enkulu yezinyoni indizela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika eningizimu yehlane laseSahara. Ingxenye encane esele yabantu ebusika ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula egelezela oLwandle Olumnyama, kanye nasemazweni aseYurophu.

Engxenyeni ebalulekile yebanga, i-heron iyinyoni efudukayo; kwezinye, ihlala unyaka wonke.

E-Afrika, eziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseMalay, kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga naseMpumalanga ye-Asia, imifino ebomvana iphila impilo yokuma kokuhlala noma endaweni yokuhlala kwendabuko.

Grey Heron Habitats

Kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala yenyoni, hlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Iningi lalezi zindawo zokugcina lisha lisha, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izihlambi ze-heron zihlala eduze namachibi asesabekayo nawasawoti ngisho nasolwandle.

Enye yezinto ezisemqoka sendawo yikhona ukuba khona kwamanzi angajulile, i-heron ebingaphuma ukuyokondla.Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukulethwa kokudla okuhle kanye nezimo zezulu lapho ichibi kufanele lingabi nimboza yeqhwa okungenani izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyi-5. IGrey heron ihlala kahle ezimeni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Le nyoni ayihlali emahlathini aminyene kuphela. Ezimweni zokuchichima nokufinyeleleka kokudla, i-heron grey ingaphila ngaphandle kwamachibi nakancane.

I-heron grey, ngokusobala, yiyona edume kakhulu futhi efundwe kahle kunazo zonke i-heron.

Njengomthetho, i-heron grey igcinwa kude kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi ingahlala ngaphandle kwamadolobha, izindawo zasemakhaya kanye nogu lwamachibi ezinhlanzi.

Indlela Yokuphila yeGrey Heron

Izidleke zezinyoni zivame ngamaqembu amancane noma amakoloni, okuvame ukuba yizidleke eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-20. Amakoloni amakhulu kunabo bonke abavame ukuba nabantu abangaphezu kwama-200, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kube nezikhulukazi, ezingena ezinyangeni eziyi-1000. Ama-herons ahlala esidlekeni ngababili.

Le nyoni ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-ebusuku kuphela, i-twilight noma izinhlobo zasemini. Umsebenzi weHeron ubonakaliswa ngezikhathi ezihlukile zosuku. Bangakwazi ukuzingela ebusuku nangemini. Ngokuyisisekelo, indawo yokuzingela nesikhathi sokusebenza kuncike esimweni lapho i-heron ihlala khona.

I-heron i-molts ngokuphelele ngonyaka. Ezinyoni ezihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu ebangeni, ukuqunjelwa kuqala ngoJuni lapho kuphela isikhathi sokuzala.

Isisekelo sokudla kwaso yinhlanzi, kepha i-heron nayo idla amasele.

Grey Heron

IGrey Heron iyinyoni edlubhe ngokweqile. Udla cishe noma yisiphi isilwane angasinqoba ngokomzimba. Njengoba i-heron ihlala, njengomthetho, eduze nezidumbu zamanzi, isisekelo sokudla kwayo izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-vertebrates, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks nezinye izilwane. Izilwane zasemhlabeni ezinjengezibungu, izinduku, izinyoka, isikhonyane namabhungane nazo zakha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwale nyoni.

Esikhathini sokulwa se-grey heron kunezinombolo eziningi zamasu ahlukene okuzingela. Njengomthetho, izindlela ze-heron ngayinye zingabantu. I-heron ingahambahamba kancane, ilindele inyamazane, noma imane ilele bese ilinda. Ngosizo lwamaphiko, inyoni ingafihla ingxenye ethile yamanzi ukuze idonse inyamazane lapho. UHeron uvame ukwethusa izilwane ezincane nezinhlanzi, ezilengise izinyawo zazo emanzini.
Njengomthetho, i-heron iginya inyamazane isiyonke. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi silwanyana sikhulu ngokwanele, inyoni kuqala iyaphule ngoqhwaku lwayo lube izingxenye eziningi.

Ukuzalela i-Greon heron

Ukuthomba kwabesifazane ama-grey heron kuza ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, nakowesilisa ngonyaka wesithathu.

Inyama ye-heron grey iyadliwa, kepha, ngokwezibuyekezo eziningi, ayimnandi, noma ngabe le nyoni kwesinye isikhathi ibanjwa abazingeli.

U-Greon heron uyisidina. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, izinyoni zakha ngababili isikhathi esisodwa sokuzala, futhi ngokusho kwabanye ngokuphila. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo nesithokomele, ukwakhiwa kwezidleke kuqala ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokufika.

Owokuqala ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwesidleke ngowesilisa. Isikhathi esithile emva kokuqala kokwakha, owesilisa uqala ukubiza owesifazana. Njengoba esesidlekeni, uphonsa ikhanda lakhe, welula amaphiko akhe, aqondise isigogo sakhe futhi aqale ukuklabalasa njengesiwakala. Ngemuva kokuba ifikile insikazi, owesilisa umxosha esidlekeni aze ashaye. Lo mkhuba uphindwa kaninginingi, emva kwalokho owesilisa udedela insikazi esidlekeni.

Amakhala aluhlaza enza izidleke ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha angama-50 ezihlahleni ezinde kahle. Uma kungekho zihlahla eduzane, izinyoni zihlela isidleke phansi, emasimini omhlanga noma emabhishi amakhulu. Kokubili okwensikazi nowesilisa kubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke. Ekupheleni kokwakhiwa, insikazi ihlala ihlala esidlekeni, iqinisa ngezinto zokwakha ezilethwa yilowesilisa. Ekuqaleni kokubopha izinyawo, ukuqedwa kwesidleke kusaqhubeka. Isakhiwo esiqediwe siwuhlobo lwesigaxa sefulethi, olubekwe phezulu phansi. Ububanzi besidleke buvama ukusuka ku-60 kuye ku-80 cm, kuthi ukuphakama kube ngu-50 - 60 cm.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-heron ingabhekwa njengenyoni ewusizo, edlala indima yokuhlanzeka ngenxa yokudla inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezigulayo nezihlaselwe yigciwane.

Kwelinye i-grey heron, kunamaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-9, igobolondo lidwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala amhlophe. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ngesikhala esingaba yizinsuku ezimbili. Ukuzikhulula kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala ku-clutch. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, isikhathi sokufakwayo sithatha amasonto amathathu. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esiphakathi, lesi sikhathi sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-26 - 27. Kokubili owesilisa nowesilisa babamba iqhaza ekufukameleni.

Amachwane azalwe awasizi ngalutho futhi awanawo nhlobo iplamu. Esikhathini ngemuva kokuzalwa, badinga ukunakwa okuphezulu nokunakekelwa okungapheli. Inkukhu ebanjiwe inesisindo somzimba esingu-40-50 g.Izinsuku eziyi-7-9 ngemuva kokuzalwa, izimpaphe zokuqala ziqala ukuvela. Ukondla kwenziwa ngokuhlanza okuphuma esiswini sabazali.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Grey Heron: Incazelo

Lokhu kungomunye wabamele abomndeni abakhulu. Isisindo sale nyoni sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili, ubude bomzimba bungaphezulu kwamamitha, amaphiko asuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-1.75 m. Inhloko yenyoni incane, ihlotshiswe ngomlomo omkhulu opinki ofana nensangu. Ubukhali futhi bude - kuya amasentimitha ayishumi nantathu.

Ngemuva kwekhanda kukhona "ingulube" - isixha esimnyama sezimpaphe silenga phansi. Intamo yinde futhi ivumelana nezimo kakhulu. Ikhanda, intamo nomzimba ophansi kupendwe kungcolile okumhlophe, okunemifantu emnyama ebonakalayo ngaphambili. Emzimbeni wonke, izimpaphe zipendwe grey nge-tint eblue. Ama-paws nawo ampunga, kepha abe nombala ophuzi.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, i-heron grey ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu: uqhwaku luba luqhakaza kakhulu, futhi kuqhakaze izimbali ezinobuhlalu. Iris iphuzi ngetint eluhlaza okotshani. Eduze kwamehlo, izindandatho ezingenamaphiko ziluhlaza.

Endizeni, i-heron grey igoqa intamo yayo, ethatha isimo sencwadi engu-S ukuze ikhanda libuyele emhlane. Kulokhu, imilenze inwebeka kakhulu ngaphezu kokuphela komsila. Ngaleso sizathu inyoni yenyoni ezindizayo ithungathwa ngandlela-thile, ngombala owakhe uhlangothi lwentamo. Lokhu ngumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-heron nezinye izinyoni ezinde - amakhreyithi, izingwamza, ezigcina intamo yazo iqonde lapho indiza, nekhanda lazo libonakala ngaphambili.

Esiswini, esifubeni nasegolweni, izeluleko zezimpaphe zivame ukuhlukana bese zidilizwa esikalini esincane, ziphenduke impuphu ekhethekile i-heron efafaza ngayo izimpaphe. Le nqubo iyadingeka ukuze inganamatheli ndawonye kusuka ku-inselamu yezinhlanzi. I-Ornithologists ibiza le mpuphu ngokuthi yimpuphu etholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamakhala. Lolu hlobo lwe-heron powder lusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa uzipho olude ngezinsimbi emunweni ophakathi.

Akukho ma-dimorphism ocansini ngombala we-grey heron, izinyoni ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi: abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.

Habitat

Manje ake sithole ukuthi i-grey heron ihlala kuphi. Lolu hlobo luvame e-Asia naseYurophu: ukusuka ogwini loLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, iziqhingi zaseJapan kanye naseSakhalin, eningizimu kuya eSri Lanka naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga ne-Afrika, enyakatho kuye eYakutsk naseSt. Izilimo zivame eMadagascar. Ubusika ezifundeni eziningi zaseNdiya, Indochina nase-Afrika.

Mhlawumbe, abafundi bethu abaningi bakhumbula kahle ukusebenza okuhle kukaNikita Mikhalkov kwengoma kwifilimu ethi "Cruel Romance", lapho kunemigqa enjalo:

"I-Shaggy bumblebee - yama-hops anamakha,

Grey heron - emhlangeni ... "

Ngempela, ezifundeni eziningi, i-heron yalolu hlobo ithanda ukwakha izidleke ezihlangeni, ngokwesibonelo, eTurkmenistan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidleke zazo zingabonakala ezihlahleni.

Habitat

Ama-herons angatholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwamahlathi aminyene kuphela, ogwadule nezindawo eziphakemeyo. Abaningi banesifiso: i-heron - inyoni efudukayo noma cha.

Izinhlobo ezihlala emazweni asenyakatho ziyafuduka kanti ebusika ziqhubekela eningizimu. Kepha, uma kunezindawo zokugcina ezingagugi, abantu ngabanye bangahlala bese kusebusika lapho.

Grey Heron: uhlobo lwamachwane

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-grey herons angabazali abahle. Bahlanganyela zonke izinkathazo zokukhulisa inzalo ngokulinganayo. Ngokubambisana bakha isidleke ezihlahleni, emithini emikhulu, emathangeni omhlanga noma emihlanga. Inesimo sesigaxa esiphendulwe sabheka phansi.

Ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezimbili, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amane kuya kwayisithupha, adwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Njengabo bonke abameleli bokuhleleka kwe-ankle, amazwana alolu hlobo lohlobo lwenkukhu. Ngamanye amagama, amaphuphu azalwa enqunu futhi engenakusizwa ngokuphelele, kepha ngasikhathi sinye abonwa. Kusukela ngemizuzu yokuqala badinga ukunakekelwa nokunaka ukunakwa kwabazali babo.

Ngemuva kokubekwa iqanda lokuqala, abazali baqala ukulithambisa, bobabili owesilisa nowesilisa bakwenza ngokuhlukile. Mhlawumbe yingakho izibulo lihlala lilikhulu kunawo wonke. Lapho onke amantshontsho edonsa, abazali abanakekelayo bayondla ndawonye. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye, kuvela izimpaphe zokuqala ezinswinini, kuthi emva kwamasonto amabili zifike zime ngezinyawo.

Ukudla

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zidla izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-heron ngayinye inendlela yayo yokuthola. Abanye bakhetha ukuma endaweni eyodwa, abanye bakhetha ukuzulazula. Inhlanzi encane ingagwinywa yinyoni iyonke, kanti enkulu yona idwengulwa izicucu bese kuphela lapho igwinywa.

Indiza ebusika

Lezi zinyoni zindiza endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, futhi hhayi kuphela phakathi nosuku, kodwa futhi nasebusuku. Ukufuduka kwe-Autumn kuvame ukwenziwa kusihlwa, ngemuva kokushona kwelanga, futhi phakathi nosuku imihlambi ime ukuze iphumule futhi idle. Ngesikhathi sokuthatha ikhefu, i-heron enkulu empunga idonsa amaphiko ayo ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi imilenze yayo ilenga ngokukhululekile emoyeni. Lapho esethole ukuphakama okufiswayo, inyoni ithatha imilenze yayo bese indiza kahle, ngokunyakaza okulinganiselwe kwamaphiko. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyanda okwesikhashana emoyeni.

Lapho indiza, imihlambi yezimvukazi yenza umugqa oqondile noma wedili. Grey herons isidleke emakoloni, lapho kukhona izidleke ezingamashumi amabili. EYurophu, lapho manje lezi nyoni zigadiwe, kunezindawo ezinkulu eziqukethe izinkulungwane zezidleke. Kodwa-ke, amacala ababili bokuzala ngokuzalwa akujwayelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi amakoloni axutshwa: ezinye izinhlobo zamakhambi, isipuni, izithako zihlala kuzo. Emgqeni ophakathi nezwe lethu, lapho kungatholakali khona ezinye izinhlobo zamakhala kanye nama-ibis, amakoloni ezinhlobo ezingama-monoon akhiwa.

I-Greon heron ingasebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yizinyoni zasemini noma zasebusuku. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka eminingi yokubuka, kwatholakala ukuthi isikhathi salezi zinyoni sisatshalaliswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Ama-77% wesikhathi sokuzingela nokuhlala aphapheme
• 5.9% wesikhathi lapho izinyoni zilala khona,
• Ama-16.6% azibandakanye nenqubo yokuhlanzeka.

Idatha ethandekayo, akunjalo? Ingxenye enkulu yempilo yayo, i-heron imile, ngaphandle kokunyakaza, iphindisela emuva intamo yayo, emlenzeni owodwa, nakuyesibili.

I-Grey herons inesistimu eyenziwe kahle yezimpawu ezibonakalayo. Intamo ende futhi eguqukayo ingakhombisa imizwa ehlukile. Isibonelo, ngokwesabisa isitha, i-heron igoqa intamo yayo, njengokungathi ilungiselela ukuphonsa, futhi iphakamise i-crest ekhanda layo. Imvamisa i-pose enjalo ihambisana nesikhalo esimangazayo. Lapho izinyoni zibingelelana, ngokushesha zihlwitha imilebe yazo. Ukuchofoza okunjalo kungazwakala phakathi nenkambiso yomshado.

Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, i-heron ifihla ikhanda layo phakathi kwamahlombe ehlombe. Naphezu kosayizi wayo omkhulu, i-heron akulula ukuyibona ezimweni zemvelo. Umcwaningi onganolwazi futhi onolwazi kakhulu uzomqaphela kuphela uma esondela kakhulu kuye. I-heron njengamanje iqondisa intamo yayo, imemeze kakhulu ngokuthi “ukuqhekeka” bese ingena esibhakabhakeni ngokushesha.

Izinhlobo zeHerons

Namuhla kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi zamakhaza. Ngokuqondile, abango-12 babo. Abanye babo bangaqhosha ngenani elikhulu, abanye babo bambalwa ngenani, kanti abanye babo basatshiswa ngokuphelele ngokuqothulwa. Ngeke siklelise konke. Sichaza uhlobo oluvame kakhulu.

Ngabe i-heron izingela kanjani?

UGrey Heron ungumzingeli ogugile futhi omubi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-arriers yakhe kunezindlela eziningi zokuzingela, futhi zonke zihlukile. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abantu abahlukahlukene bathanda ukusebenzisa izindlela zabo zokukhiqiza ukudla. Imvamisa, i-heron imi ngaphandle kokunyakaza noma ihamba kancane emanzini angajulile, ifuna inyamazane yayo.

Bese kuba nokuphonswa kwekhanda entanyeni eqonde ngokuphelele - futhi inyamazane emqhonyeni wenyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuzingela okunjalo bavula amaphiko abo. Mhlawumbe ngale ndlela basabisa isisulu noma bacashe amanzi ukwenza kube lula ukubona inyamazane.

Izinkambi ezimpunga nazo zibonakala ezenzweni ezingekho emthethweni: azihlukani nokuntshontsha inyamazane komakhelwane babo (ama-gulls, cormorants). Kepha kwesinye isikhathi amagwababa ahlakaniphile nawo ayabaphanga. Izithole ezimpunga ziyakwazi ukuzingela, zingasuki koloni, kepha zingandiza zihambe amabanga amade (kufika kumakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu).

Imininingwane ye-Vocal

I-repertoire ye-herons grey yehluke kakhulu, yize izazi zesayensi yezolimo zithi lezi zinyoni zithule. Esikhathini esiningi ungezwa ukukhala okuxakayo nokugedla okuncane, okukhumbuza ukukhonkotha okufushane kwesikhokho. UHerons uyishicilela, njengomthetho, epheshaneni. Izwakala kude.

Yonke eminye imisindo izwakala ngozalo oluhlaza grey koloni ngesikhathi sesidleke. I-gaggling emfishane i-alamu, umsindo ophaphazelayo womphimbo ogelezayo ukhombisa ulaka. Isikhafu esifushane esiyisithulu sisho ukuthi owesilisa ukhona emhlambini. Izinyoni ezibuthana ngamaqembu amakhulu ngaphakathi koloni zihlala “zixoxisana” omunye nomunye, zenze ukukhala okukhohlisayo futhi okuqobayo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-grey heron

Eminyakeni engu-2 yobudala emadodeni kanye nonyaka owodwa kwabesifazane, bakulungela ukuzala. Ezinye izinhlobo zingenamuntu, zakha ngababili impilo, ezinye zinesithembu, zithola umbhangqwana omusha njalo ngesizini.

Owesilisa uqala ukwakha isidleke kuqala, emva kwalokho, ngesikhathi sekhefu evela emsebenzini, ubiza owesimame ngokukhala okukhulu, kodwa lapho nje esendizela esidlekeni, uyayixosha futhi, ngakho-ke, isidleke ngeke sisalunga. Ngemuva kokuzalela, futhi owesilisa nowesifazane ovundisiwe baqeda indawo yokuhlala.

Inani lamaqanda lingahluka kusuka ku-3 liye ku-9 ku-clutch eyodwa. Umbala wegobolondo uluhlaza okotshani noma umbala omfushane, osayizi ofika ku-60 mm. Bobabili abazali bawa amaqanda, kepha insikazi isesidlekeni isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-27, amaphuphu anamehlo kodwa awasizi ngalutho futhi awanalo i-plumage hatch.

Abazali bondla amantshontsho abo kathathu ngosuku, bethela ukudla emilonyeni yabo. Izinga lokufa kwabantu phakathi kwamakhambi asanda kuqokwa liphezulu. Akuwona wonke amachwane okwazi ukuthola ukudla okwanele kokukhula, kanti amanye afa yindlala.

Esithombeni kuphume inkukhu enwele empunga esidlekeni

Abantu abanamandla babulala futhi baphonse ababuthakathaka esidlekeni ukuze bathole ukudla okwengeziwe. Futhi abazali bangashiya amachwane wodwa ukuba adwengulwe yizidlakudla uma bebona ingozi, basindise izimpilo zabo.

Ngosuku lwe-7 noma lwe-9, amaphuphu anesembozo sezimpaphe, kuthi ngosuku lwe-90 amathole angabhekwa njengabantu abadala futhi avuthiwe, emva kwalokho ashiye isidleke sabazali bawo. Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-heron grey?? Isikhathi sokuphila kwale nyoni sincane, iminyaka emihlanu kuphela.

Inani le-heron alibangeli ukukhathazeka phakathi kososayensi. Uhlala emazwenikazi amaningi futhi wenza kabusha abantu ngenkuthalo, esesivele inezigidi ezingaphezu kwezi-4 ngokusho Red Book Grey Heron Akusongelwa, akuyona into ebalulekile yokuzingela, yize ukudutshulwa kwezinyoni kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni unyaka wonke.

Buka futhi ndoda

Muva nje, i-heron grey kwezinye izingxenye zohla lwayo ibithathwa njengenyoni eyingozi ngakho-ke yabhujiswa ngokungenangqondo. Isibonelo, ngekhulu le-19 lo mbono wawunamandla, ngakho-ke amakoloni e-heron adilizwa, nezinyoni ezindala zabulawa. Futhi lokhu kuchazwe yiqiniso lokuthi i-herons, ukudla izinhlanzi, kuthiwa kubangela ukulimala okukhulu emapulazini ezinhlanzi. EYurophu, ngalesi sizathu, amakoloni amaningi e-grey heron abhujiswa. Kamuva, nokho, kwatholakala ukuthi ukulimala okuvela emithini kwakukuncane, kepha umsebenzi wenziwa - ama-heron ashiya izindawo zawo eziyintandokazi lapho ezidlela khona.

Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ku-grey heron (kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni) ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi imizimba yamanzi.Ukusetshenziswa kwamaqhinga okubulala izinambuzane kube yisizathu esiyinhloko sokunyamalala kwamakholoni e-heron ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni nezolimo.

Ukudonswa kwezihlahla ezinkulu ezindala osebeni lwamanzi izidalwa nakho kunobungozi obuthile, obunciphisa amakhambi ezindaweni zabo eziyintandokazi zokuthola izidleke.

Kwamanye amazwe, amaduna aluhlaza asavunyelwe ukuzingela ezemidlalo. Futhi ngeNkathi Ephakathi, le heron kwakuyinto eyintandokazi yokukhohlisa, futhi indondo enkulu kwakungeyona inyama (ngokusho kweminye imibiko, yayingeyinambitheki kwaphela), kepha izimpaphe ezinde ezimnyama ekhanda, zanda ngesikhathi sokuzala. E-Medieval Europe, ukuzingela kwe-falcon i-heron kwakuyilungelo labazikhulu, futhi kunobufakazi bokuthi izimpi zaqubuka phakathi kwezikhulu zabakhokheli zokutholwa kwamakholoni e-heron (ukuzingela emazweni angaphandle kwakungeke kwenzeke ngokuphelele).

Ezweni lethu, ukuzingela ama-heron grey, njengomthetho, akwenziwa, kepha endaweni yamachibi ezinhlanzi zombuso, ukudubula kwawo kuvunyelwe unyaka wonke.

Kusukela kudala i-grey heron yaziwa kakhulu ngabantu njengenyoni, isiphenduke umlingiswa ojwayelekile ezincwadini zabantu bendabuko, eziqanjiwe nasezincwadini zemvelo.

I-heron yakhonjiswa kaninginingi emigqeni yabaculi be-Renaissance, emaceleni asezindabeni nasezindabeni zokuphila (nje ngendondo yokuzingela).

Izithombe ze-heron zivame ukutholakala kubuciko bendabuko baseChinese nasezincwadini. Isimo se-heron ne-lotus sibonisa isifiso sokuqhubeka nempumelelo empilweni. I-heron isibe umlingisi ezincwadini zamaShayina zezinsolo ezahlukahlukene nezincazelo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lesiko laseChina, izithombe ze-grey heron zathandwa kakhulu kwezobuciko bakwamanye amazwe aseNortheast Asia, ikakhulukazi eJapan.

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

Impilo yama-grey herons ixhumene eduze nemizimba yamanzi, kokubili enamanzi amasha kanye namanzi asolwandle (ulwandle namachibi kasawoti). Kuyadingeka ukuthi lo mseki ube nezindawo ezingaxhunyiwe lapho izingulube zingondla khona. Iningi lezinyoni lithanda ukuhlala kude nokuhlala kwabantu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, uma likhangwa yisizinda sezindawo ezicebile, zingakhetha izindawo ezisogwini, ngaphandle kwemizana kanye namadolobha amakhulu. Lapho ama-herons engaxoshwa, ajwayela abantu futhi axazulule ngisho enkabeni yamadolobha amakhulu: eYurophu (Stockholm, Amsterdam), e-Afrika (eNairobi).

Ukubukeka

I-Grey heron iyinyoni enkulu kunalokho, isisindo sayo silinganiselwa ku-1.5 kg (mhlawumbe ifinyelela ku-2 kg), ubude bayo bomzimba bungu-1 m noma ngaphezulu, amaphiko ayo ahlukahluka ukusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-1.75 m. Uqhwaku lubukhali kakhulu futhi ubude - 10-13 cm, nsundu ophuzi. Izinyawo zinsundu omnqumo, mude. Uthingo lwamehlo luphuzi nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Izindandatho ezingenamvubelo ezungeze amehlo zinombala oluhlaza. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izingxenye zomzimba ezimbozwe izimpaphe ziqhakaza: uqhwaku nemilenze - kuze kube nsundu ngokubomvu, indandatho izungeze amehlo - luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uthingo - u-orange-ophuzi.

I-heron ezindizayo igoqa intamo yayo ngendlela yohlamvu lwesiLatini S, kuze kube yilapho ikhanda llele emhlane wayo, futhi selula imilenze yalo kude kakhulu ngasekupheleni komsila. Ngakho-ke, i-silhouette ye-heron inokubukeka okubandakanyekile, okunokuqina kokuqina okwenziwe ngokugoba kwentamo. Lokhu kwehlukanisa ama-heron kwezinye izinyoni ezinentamo ende - izingwamza kanye nemikhondo, lapho intamo iqonde khona endizeni kanti nekhanda libonakalisa ngaphambili.

Ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba we-heron ipendiwe ngombala onsomi ompunga, isifuba (isifuba, isisu nesangaphansi) simhlophe qwa. Ikhanda limhlophe ngombala wezimpaphe ezimnyama eziphakeme. Izimpaphe emphinjeni nasesifubeni ziyagobeka futhi ziba zinde kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana, zenza ukumiswa, zibonakale kahle ezinyoni ezihleliyo. Okubaluleke kakhulu-kubamnyama.

Esifubeni, esiswini nasebuhlungwini, izimpaphe zezimpaphe zihlala ziqhekeka bese zibhekabheka esikalini semicroscopic, ziphenduka zibe uhlobo lwempuphu, oluthi i-heron olufafaza ezimpaphe zayo ukuze zingabambeki lapho kungena izinhlwathi. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-powders atholakala kuwo wonke ama-heron. Le powder i-heron isetshenziswa kusetshenziswa uzipho lwentambo yomunwe omaphakathi.

Maqondana nezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala kumbala weplamu, izinhlobo ezi-4 ziyahlukaniswa, bese imibala yabantu abadala ivela e-herons maphakathi nonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.

Akukho ma-dimorphism ocansini ngombala we-grey heron, izinyoni ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.

Indlela Yokuphila Nenhlangano Yezenhlalo

Ebangeni lobubanzi obuningi, i-grey heron iyinyoni efudukayo noma enyakazayo, futhi kwezinye izindawo ihlala khona. Ngaphezu kokuhamba kwesizini, i-grey heron iboniswa yilabo okuthiwa bahlakazeka, ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezincane. E-Russia, i-grey heron ingumhambi ojwayelekile webanga elide. Ukuhlaziywa kwemininingwane ekhalayo kukhombisa ukuthi izingosi zobusika zihlakazeka endaweni enkulu. Ngakho-ke kusuka engxenyeni yaseYurophu naseSiberia eseNtshonalanga, inani eliphakeme lamakhambi ebusika e-sub-Saharan Africa. Enye ingxenye yabantu ayenzi izindiza ezihamba amabanga amade kangako nobusika emazweni ahlukahlukene aseNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Yurophu.

ENingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eziqhingini zaseMalay nase-Afrika, imifino e-grey ihola indlela yokuphila noma yokuma, ngaphandle kokushiya izindawo zayo zendabuko.

I-Herons ifuduka ngamaqembu amancane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ibuthana emhlanjini wezinyoni ezingama-200-250. On izindiza single single akuvamile. Zindiza endaweni ephakeme imini nobusuku. Esikhathini sekhefu lasekwindla, bavame kakhulu ukukhetha ukundiza ngemuva kokushona kwelanga, kuthi phakathi nosuku beme ukuze baphumule futhi bondle.

Ngokukhuphuka okubukhali, i-heron yenza izimpiko zayo ezimbalwa ezisheshayo zamaphiko ayo, kuyilapho imilenze yayo ilenga ngokukhululekile emoyeni. Njengoba ithole ukuphakama okudingakalayo, i-heron ithatha imilenze yayo bese ishintshela endizeni ebushelelezi, ehamba kancane enezinyathelo ezilinganisiwe zamaphiko. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-heron grey ingena emoyeni ngamaphiko anganyakazi isakazeka. Lapho indiza, amakhambi ngokuvamile akha i-wedge noma umugqa oqondile.

Imvamisa i-heron grey ibanjwa ngamaqembu, angaba maningi kakhulu. Ama-Nest emakoloni, lapho kukhona izidleke eziyi-10 - 20, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu (aze afike ku-200). Manje eYurophu, lapho ama-heron grey evikelekile futhi engaphazamiseki, kukhona amakoloni aqukethe izidleke eziyinkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, amakhemikhali amaningi ampunga nawo enza isidleke ngababili abahlukene. Imvamisa amakoloni ahlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zamakhambi, ama-ibis, nozipuni. ERussia maphakathi, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zamakhaphela kanye nezinsikazi zingekho, khona izithole ezimpunga zakha amakoloni angama-monovid. Kuliqiniso, kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ezidla inyama (ama-peregrine falcons, ama-kestrels kanye nezinkozi zegolide), izikhova, kanye namaqhude nezingwe zihlala kuzo.

Izithole ezimpunga zingasebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yizikhathi zosuku lwasemini noma zezinyoni zasebusuku. Kusungulwe ukuthi isabelozimali sesikhathi sama-heron grey sisatshalaliswa kanjena: ama-77% wesikhathi asaphaphama futhi azingela, yize kungekho ngaphezulu kwe-0.7% yalesi sikhathi esisetshenziselwa inqubo etholakalayo yokuthola ukudla, u-5.9% wesikhathi lapho amashiya alala, u-16.6% wahlela iplamu. Ingxenye yesikhathi lapho i-heron grey imile, iqandisiwe, idonsa ngentamo, futhi icishe ingahambi. Kaningi, ume umlenze owodwa ubambe omunye.

I-Grey herons (kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamakhambi) inohlelo olusathuthukisiwe lwezimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ngosizo lwentamo ende, bangakwazi ukuveza imizwa ehlukile. Isibonelo, ngokusongela, i-heron igobisa intamo yayo, njengokungathi ilungiselela ukuphonsa, bese iphakamisa i-crest ekhanda layo. Leli banga lihambisana nokukhala kosongo. Kubingelelwana, izinyoni zisheshe zihlwithe imilomo. Ukuchofoza okunjalo kuyasetshenziswa nangesiko lomshado.

Vocalization

I-repertoire yezwi yama-grey herons ihluke kakhulu, kepha kunalokho kungabangelwa izinyoni ezithulile. Isiginali yezwi esivame ukuzwakala kakhulu ukukhala okuhlanganayo okuzwakala njengekhwele elifushane. Imvamisa herons iyishicilela ephepheni, futhi yiyona ngqo evame ukuzwakala kakhulu, futhi kude kakhulu. Yonke eminye imisindo eyenziwe ngama-grey herons ingazwakala kuphela kukholoni ngesikhathi sokudalwa. I-alamu ukuqabula okufishane, uphawu lokuhlukumezeka ukukhala okudala ukuqhuma komqala. Owesilisa ukhombisa ubukhona bakhe ngengubo emfushane eyisithulu. Ama-Herons ahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu ngaphakathi koloni ahlala "ekhuluma" komunye nomunye ngokukhala okuyisidina nokugwazayo. Ishaya emhlabathini, amakhubalo enza umsindo obukhali wokugunda.

Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okuphakelayo

I-Greon heron idla ukudla okungajwayelekile kwezilwane. Lesi sidlakudla esihlakaniphile, esisebenzayo futhi esinamandla kakhulu. Noma yisiphi isilwane esasemanzini nesasemhlabeni i-heron ekwazi ukubhekana naso singaba isisulu saso. Kepha njengoba ama-heron grey ehlanganiswa kakhulu nemizimba yamanzi, ukudla kwawo kubuswa izinhlanzi (ezingadluli kuma-25 cm futhi enesisindo esingama-500 g), kanye nezinye izilwane zasemanzini (amasele, izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks). Emhlabeni lezi kukhona izinduku ezincane, izibankwa, izinyoka, izinambuzane (amabhungane, izintethe ezinkulu, isikhonyane). Ama-herons ngokuvamile agwinywa yinyama yonke, yize izinto ezinkulu zingase zidwengulwe ngaphambili. I-heron ithatha inhlanzi ebanjiwe ukuze igwinye ikhanda kuqala.

Izinsalela ezingafakwanga zoboya, amathambo, isikali, isinambuzane sezinambuzane ngesimo sezinhlama ezihlanganisiwe - izimfumbe.

Izindlela zokuzingela ama-heron grey zihlukahlukene kakhulu, futhi izindlela ezahlukahlukene zingase zithole kubantu abahlukile. Esikhathini esiningi, amakhambi ame ngokungagudluki noma kancane azulazula amanzi angajulile, afuna inyamazane. Lokhu kulandelwa ukuphonswa ngokushesha kwekhanda entanyeni eqonde ngqo, kanye nokuqunjelwa uqhwaku lwe-heron. Imvamisa phakathi kokuzingela okunjalo, imichwane ivula amaphiko ayo, kungaba ethusa isisulu, noma izindawo ezisibekele amanzi ukuze kube lula ukubona inyamazane. Kwesinye isikhathi imbungu zixhawula izinyawo zazo ngesilika kusuka phansi kwechibi ukubamba "izinhlanzi emanzini anezinkinga". Kwesinye isikhathi ama-heron grey awaphambuki ekuntshontsheni inyamazane esivele ibanjiwe kumakhelwane (ama-cormorants, gulls), futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngokwayo iyabanjwa, amagwababa amaningi ahlakaniphile. I-Grey herons ingondla eduze nekholoni, futhi ingandiza amabanga amade (kufika ku-30 ​​km). Uma iqembu lamakhaza lindizela ndawonye endaweni yokudla, khona-ke lihlala lodwa, kude kude nelinye.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zibaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwama-grey herons, izingxoxo ezishubile zabanjwa muva nje phakathi kwabasebenza ngezazi zesayensi yezempilo kanye ne-ichthyologists ngeqhaza le-herons emvelweni kanye nasemnothweni wesintu, okungukuthi kwezokulima izinhlanzi. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-herons ingaba yingozi kakhulu lapho ihlala ezindaweni zamachibi ezinhlanzi nasezindaweni lapho kukhululwa khona ama-fish fry emifuleni nasemachibini. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokutadisha ngokucophelela ukondliwa kwama-grey herons, kwatholakala ukuthi ukulimala abakwenzayo kuncane. Naphezu kwabo bonke ubudlabha babo, imifino ibhubhisa inani elithile lezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-herons grey, njenganoma iziphi ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, adlala indima yama-oda, ekubambeni izinhlanzi ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo. Ngakho-ke, manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi ama-heron grey akufanele abhekwe njengezinyoni eziyingozi. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukwesabisa izinyoni kusuka kuma-hatcheries, ukulawulwa okuncane kwezinombolo zazo, kepha hhayi ukubhujiswa okukhulu.

Ukuzala kanye nokuziphatha kwabazali

I-Grey heron iyinyoni enkulukazi, kepha kunemibono ehlukene ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa kwamabili. Ngokusho kwemininingwane ethile, ngababili bahlala, ngokusho kwabanye - bahlala isizini eyodwa kuphela. Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwabesifazane kwenzeka eneminyaka eyodwa yonyaka, emadodeni - eneminyaka emi-2, kepha hhayi bonke abasha abaqala ukuzala kuleli banga.

Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona abantu abafudukayo, amakhukhu aqala ukwakha izidleke ngokushesha nje ngokufika (ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli). Emazweni anezimo zezulu ezishisayo, akukho okucacayo kwenkathi ekuzaleni kwamakhaza. Owesilisa kuqala aqale ukwakha okusha noma ukulungisa isidleke esidala. Lapho esebenze ingxenye encane yomsebenzi, ubiza owesimame esidlekeni. Umi esidlekeni, welula amaphiko akhe, aphonse ikhanda emuva futhi enze ukukhala okukhethekile okuyisidina. Kepha okokuqala ushaya owesimame ondiza aze ahudule kude nesidleke, futhi isiko elinjalo lokuziphatha kokuphindaphinda liphindwa kaninginingi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho insikazi ingena kamuva, ngokushesha owesilisa uyamngenisa esidlekeni.

Gray herons isidleke ezihlahleni ezinde (kuze kufike ku-50 m), kepha imvamisa ezihlahleni noma emhlabathini (ezindleleni zomhlanga). Uma ezinye izinyoni zidla kuleli koloni, izidleke zama-heron grey zitholakala ngaphezu kwazo zonke. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane bakha isidleke. Imvamisa, owesilisa uletha izinto zokwakha, kuthi owesifazana abeke futhi avikele isidleke ekungeneni komakhelwane. Lapho kwakhiwa isidleke ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, imichilo isebenzisa amagatsha acishe awomile kanye nesibalo esincane esomile somhlanga kanye nesikati. Imvamisa, isidleke se-heron esimpunga senziwa ngokungenankathalo ngezimbobo ezinkulu ezansi nasezindongeni. Ukuphakama kwesidleke kungamaphesenti angama-50-60 cm, ububanzi bungama-60-80 cm, kepha izidleke ezindala zivame ukuba zikhulu kakhulu. Emakholoni amakhulu, izidleke zakhiwa ngokunakekela ngokungenamkhawulo, futhi nakwezombhangqwana ongashadile ngokuphelele. Ukunamathiselwa kwamakhambi endaweni yokwakha izidleke kuphezulu kakhulu. Imvamisa izidleke zisetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana futhi zivuselelwa kuphela ngonyaka. Lokhu kuhlangana kubuye kwenzeke emakoloni, atholakala ezindaweni ezifanayo iminyaka eminingi (futhi kwesinye isikhathi amakhulu) yeminyaka.

Lapho kubekwa i-grey heron kukhona amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-9, iningi lawo liwu-5 noma u-6. Umbala wamaqanda uluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwezinsuku ezimbili, futhi ukumiselwa kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala, ngakho-ke amachwane ezidlekeni zamakhaza aneminyaka yobudala ehlukile. I-Hatching ihlala izinsuku ezingama-26-27 emazweni ashubile nezinsuku ezingama-21 ezindaweni ezishisayo zobubanzi. Bobabili abazali bayashiswa, kepha insikazi ichitha isikhathi esiningi esidlekeni.

Njengabo bonke abameleli bokuhleleka kwama-ciconiiformes, amaphuphu ezinwele ezimpunga zohlobo lwenkukhu, i.e. bazalwa cishe benqunu futhi bengasizi (kepha bebona). Inkukhu enjalo inesisindo esingu-40-45 g. Ngemuva kwalokho amachwane ambozwe nge-grey fluff, futhi izimpaphe zawo ziqala ukukhula ngezinsuku ezingama-7-9. Abazali baletha ukudla kwamachwane kaningi ngosuku bese bekukhipha esiswini, ngoba ukudla kufanele kugaywe kancane. Isisindo esiningi samachwane sitholakala ngaphambi kokukhuphukela ephikweni, esikhathini esiphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7 nezingama-20. Isisindo esijwayelekile senkukhu yanyanga zonke singama-1,2 kg, kanti izinyanga ezimbili sineminyaka engu-1,6 kg. Isikhathi sonke sokudla sithatha izinsuku ezingama-50.

Ukushona phakathi kwamachwane ama-heron aphezulu kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, emakoloni eRybinsk Reservoir, kungama-46-50%. Izizathu zalokhu zihlukile kakhulu: ukuntuleka okujwayelekile kokudla, ukuncintisana phakathi kwamachwane weminyaka ehlukene ngenxa yokudla, ukugula, njll. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, yize kunobudlova obuphezulu, ama-grey herons angaphansi kunezinye izithole, kuvame ukuvikelwa ngakunye nokuqoqekile kwezidleke namantshontsho.

Indaba yempilo kaZoo

Manje sino-heron owodwa ompunga kuphela ohlala e-zoo yethu, ngisho nokuthi unamaphiko anqunyelwe. Izilwane ezinje ezilimele lapho kushayisana nezimoto, zilimale izilwane noma zizithola zisenkingeni ngenxa yezinye izizathu zivame ukulethwa e-zoo yizivakashi. Ziyaphathwa, kepha zona, njengomthetho, azisenakuphila endle. Ngakho-ke, sicela izivakashi zethu ukuthi zingathukutheleli lapho zibona izilwane "ezingekho ezingeni eliphakeme" ezindaweni zazo ezifakwa kuzo. Basindise izimpilo zabo, futhi manje bahlala ngokuthula izimpilo zabo ngemfudumalo nokunakekelwa. I-heron yethu grey ingabonakala kuzinkukhu "Izinyoni nama Butterflies" ku-New Territory. Ehlobo, uhlala neminye imifino emgwaqweni, futhi ebusika - ngaphakathi kwephaneli. Ukudla kwaso, njengasemvelweni, kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezilwane kuphela (100 g yenyama, izinhlanzi ezingama-300 g, amagundane ama-2 kanye nama-crammaceans ambalwa we-gammarus), okungekho ngaphezulu kwe-500 g.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Grey Heron

U-Grey heron ungummeleli wama-chordates, ungokwesigaba sezinyoni, i-oda le-ciconiiformes, umndeni we-heron, uhlobo lwe-heron, izinhlobo ze-heron grey. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-19, le nyoni yayibhekwa njengeyingozi, iletha usizi. Izidleke zakhe zazihlaselwa njalo, futhi abantu abadala babulawa ngamanani amakhulu.

Abantu bomndeni ohlonishwayo babheka ukukhohlisa njenge-heron grey njengokuzijabulisa okujabulisayo. Yize bekuphawulwe ukuthi inyama yabo ayisetshenziselwa ukudla ngenxa yezimpawu zokunambitha eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngenxa yomsebenzi onjalo wabantu, izifunda eziningi ezande kakhulu ze-heron zaseYurophu zalahlekelwa yilomeleli omuhle wezimbali nezilwane.

Ividiyo: Grey Heron

Abadwebi abaningi beRenaissance bancoma ubuhle bemvelo bale nyoni enhle futhi babeyiveza njalo kumatshana abo. Ungaphinde uhlangane nesithombe sakhe kwezinye ezisaphilayo njengophawu lokuzingela. Isimo salo mmeleli wezinyoni kubuciko besintu baseChina sivame kakhulu. Kwezinye izikhumbuzo, abadwebi baseChina babonisa le nyoni nge-lotus njengophawu lwempumelelo, injabulo nokuchuma.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lobuciko besintu baseChinese, obevame ukufaka i-heron, isithombe sakhe sithandwa kakhulu enkabeni yeYurophu nasemazweni amaningi ase-Asia.

Ihlala kuphi i-heron grey?

Isithombe: Grey Heron eRussia

Indawo yokuhlala kwale nyoni inkulu impela. Akunandaba nesifunda, ihlala ihlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Indawo yonke yezinyoni ehlala kuyo ingamakhilomitha skwele ayisigidi. Izinyoni zivame kakhulu emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, e-Asia kanye nasezifundeni ezithile zezwekazi lase-Afrika. E-Eurasia, amakha aluhlaza kakhulu, kuze kufike kwi-grey taiga. Okuhlukile kukhona ogwadule nezindawo ezinezintaba eziphakeme.

Izifunda zeGrey Heron Geographic:

I-Grey herons iyatholakala nasezintabeni kulezo zifunda lapho ukuphakama kwezintaba kungadluli kumamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izinyoni zihlala zihlala eduze kwemizimba emisha, emanzini angajulile lapho zizitholela ukudla kwazo. I-Herons ihlala ezidlekeni, zona ngokwazo ezenza zona ngemuva kokudala i-pair. Iningi lezimpilo zabo linamathele kulezi izidleke, ngoba ngisho nalabo bantu abavame ukuthutha babuyela emakhaya abo futhi.

Izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo ziyafuduka ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo emazweni afudumele. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, bahlala babuyela emazweni abo endabuko.

Manje uyazi ukuthi litholakala kuphi i-heron grey. Asibone ukuthi idlani le nyoni.

Ngabe idonon i-grey idlani?

Isithombe: Grey Heron bird

Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla izinhlanzi. Esikhathini esedlule, bekukholelwa ukuthi izinyoni zenza kabi izimila nezilwane zomzimba wamanzi, zidla inqwaba yezinhlanzi. Kulokhu, babhujiswa ngamanani amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla kufakazelwe ukuthi ama-heron, kunalokho, ayazuzisa ngokuhlanza amachibi enhlanzini ethelelekile.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umuntu ngamunye esimeni sempilo uthuthukisa indlela yakhe yokukhiqiza. Esikhathini esiningi, bangena emanzini bese, bemi ngonyawo olulodwa, balinde bangavuleki lapho ithuba liziveza. Abanye abantu basakaza amaphiko abo, ngaleyo ndlela bagqume umkhathi wamanzi futhi babheke okwenzekayo ngaphansi kwezinyawo zabo. Idla izinyoni ezivele zizulazule ogwini futhi zifune inyamazane yazo.

Lapho nje le nyoni ibona inyamazane, imaneka intamo yayo ngokushesha bese ibamba ngayo ngomlomo wayo emzimbeni wonke. Ngemuva kwalokho uyijikijela phezulu ayigwinye ngokuphonsa ngokushesha. Uma inyamazane inkulu, khona-ke i-heron iqala ukuyihlukanisa ibe izingxenye. Uqhwaku olunamandla luyamsiza futhi kulokhu, ophula kalula amathambo futhi abulale inyamazane.

Isizinda seFray Heron Yokwakheka:

I-Herons ingantshontsha ukudla kwezinye izilwane. Uma ukuhlaliswa kwabantu kuseduze, bangadla imfucuza yokudla noma imikhiqizo evela embonini yokulima izinhlanzi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: IGrey Heron eFlight

Ngokuya ngezimo zesimo sezulu, i-heron grey iholela ekuziphatheni okungajwayelekile noma kokuhlala phansi. Izinyoni ezakha insimu yeRussian Federation, iBelarus, zihlala zindizela emazweni afudumele ngokuqala kokuqala kokuphola kwekwindla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le nyoni ngeke ikwazi ukuzondla ngokubandayo ebusika.

Ukufuduka kwezinyoni kwenziwa ngamaqembu amancane. Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, inani lale mihlambi lidlula amakhulu amabili abantu. Kudlula, abantu abanesizungu abatholakali. Ngesikhathi indiza indiza endaweni ephakeme kakhulu imini nobusuku.

Lapho zihlala endaweni yazo evamile zihlala ngamaqembu, izidleke ezindaweni ezihlukene, zakha izidleke eziningana endaweni encane. Izinyoni zivame ukwakha amakoloni nezinye izinhlobo zama-ciconiiformes, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni - ama-storks, ama-ibise.

I-Greon heron ayihlukile emsebenzini ngesikhathi esichazwe ngokuqinile sosuku. Bangaba abakhuthele kakhulu imini nobusuku. Isikhathi esiningi baphaphama futhi bayazingela. Baphinde bachitha isikhathi esiningi sokuhlanza inqwaba yabo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: IGrey Heron enhle

Isikhathi sokuthomba sifinyelelwa yizinyoni ngineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala. Kuyinyoni emnyama ngemvelo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, uqhwaku kanye nazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba ezingamboziwe ngezimpaphe zithola umbala o-orange ogqamile noma opinki. Lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa abesilisa nabesifazane.

Kulezo zifunda lapho isimo sezulu sibanda khona futhi izinyoni zifudukela emazweni afudumele ebusika, zakha izidleke ngemuva kokubuyela ezweni lazo - ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Emazweni afudumele, lapho izinyoni zingadingi ukufuduka, akukho ukuthutha okukhulunyiwe nokubhekisele esikhathini sonyaka.

Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuqala ngowesilisa. Ngemuva kwalokho ubiza owesifazana ukuba amsize: usakaza amaphiko akhe, aphonse ikhanda emhlane wakhe futhi enze imisindo eqinile. Lapho intokazi isondela kuye, iyayixosha. Le nqubo iphindwa kaninginingi. Lapho owesilisa ekugcineni esamukela insikazi, ifomu lesibili, elivele seligcwalisile ukuhlangana esidlekeni. Ihlala itholakala ezihlahleni ezinde, inobude obungamasentimitha angama-50-70, ububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-60-80. Izinyoni zinamathele ngendlela emangalisayo esidlekeni sazo futhi bezilokhu ziyisebenzisa iminyaka eminingi uma kungenzeka.

Owesifazane ngamunye uzalela amaqanda ama-1 kuye kwayi-8. Imvamisa, kukhona ama-4-5 awo. Zinesimo esibukhali kuzinhlangothi zombili nakombala oluhlaza okotshani onombala omhlophe. Ngemuva kokuzalela amaqanda, izinyoni ziyahlangana zinsuku ezingama-26-27. Amakati azalwa enqunu futhi engenakusizwa. Izimpaphe ziqala ukukhula kusukela ngeviki lesibili lempilo yazo. Ngendlela ehlukile, abazali bondla amachwane ngokudla abakhipha esiswini sabo. Ukondla kwenziwa kathathu ngosuku. Amanye amachwane athola ukudla okuncane. Kulokhu, amaphuphu aqinile futhi makhulu athatha ukudla kwababuthakathaka, kuthi ababuthakathaka kulokhu bavame ukufa.

Lapho sezinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, amaphuphu aqala ukulungiselela impilo yokuzimela. Bafunda ukundiza badle nokudla kwabantu abadala. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwenyoni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle yiminyaka engu-17 ukuya kwengama-20.

Izitha zemvelo zezinwele ezi-grey

Photo: Grey Heron emvelweni

I-Greon heron iyinyoni enkulu kunalokho, ngokwemvelo inikezwe ngomlomo ocijile futhi onamandla amakhulu. Kulokhu, uyakwazi ukuzivikela ezitheni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa iba yisisulu sabazingeli abakhulu nabanamandla.

Izitha zemvelo ze-heron grey:

Izitha zemvelo azidli nje kuphela kubantu abadala, kodwa futhi zidlalisa izidleke ngokudla amachwane namaqanda anamanwele. Ama-Herons nawo atholakala kakhulu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi amagciwane. Lokhu kusizwa indlela yokuphila nendlela odla ngayo. Umthombo wokudla oyinhloko izinhlanzi kanye nama-crustaceans. Ziyakwazi ukuthwala inani elikhulu lama-parasites. Ukuzidla, i-heron ngokuzenzakalelayo iba ngumgcini ophakathi nendawo yenani elikhulu lama-parasites.

Ukwehliswa kwezinombolo kusizakala ngamanani aphansi okusinda wamachwane ngonyaka wokuqala. Kungama-35% kuphela. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili, ukushona kwezinyoni kuqala ukwehla kancane kancane. Futhi, izitha eziphambili futhi ezibalulekile ze-heron grey zingabantu. Umsebenzi wayo uholela ekungcoleni kwendawo yemvelo, ngenxa yalokho kufa kwenyoni. Ama-pesticides angcolisa amaxhaphozi nezidumbu zamanzi ahlala kuwo.

Esinye isizathu sokwehliswa kwenani lezinyoni ukushintshwa kwezimo zezulu. Isiphethu esibandayo, esidonsa isikhathi eside ngamaqhwa neqhwa futhi sinomthelela ekufeni kwezinyoni, ezingekho nhlobo kuzo ukuze ziphile kulezo zimo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-heron grey?

Inani labantu likhulu cishe kuzo zonke izifunda lapho lihlala khona. Izinyoni zivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Ngokusho kwe-International Association for the Protection of Animal, inani le-grey heron alibangeli ukukhathazeka. Kusukela ngo-2005, inani lale nyoni laqala ukusuka ku-750,000 laya kubantu abangama-3 500,000. Abantu abaningi kakhulu bahlala eRussia, Belarus, China naseJapan.

Kusukela ngo-2005, cishe izinkulungwane eziyi-155-185,000 zalezi zinyoni zahlala emazweni aseYurophu. E-Europe Ephakathi, i-heron grey empeleni ukuphela kwenyoni enkulu esele. Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, kwakukhona cishe ama-30-70 amawaka ngazimbili kuRussian Federation. Izazi ze-zoologists ziphawule umkhuba wokwandisa inani labantu kuleli. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifunda zezindawo zokuhlala zaseRussia, inani lalowo omele amaCiconiiformes lancipha kakhulu. Lezi zifunda zifaka iYakutia, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory, Kemerovo, Tomsk, kanye neNizhny Novgorod Regions.

Le nyoni izwela kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kwendalo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuthinta kabi ukugcwala kwayo ezifundeni ezithile. Ukusetshenziswa kwabantu kwenani elikhulu lezibulala-zinambuzane kuholele ekunciphiseni kwesibalo sezinyoni eziseduzane nezindawo zezimboni nezolimo, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kula makhemikhali. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuphinda kuthinte kabi isibalo sezinyoni.

Grey heron - Enye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu. Kube wuphawu lwezifunda eziningi futhi kuvame ukukhonjiswa ezimfanelweni ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu zezwe. Izinyoni zizizwa zikhululekile impela emkhakheni wamapaki kazwelonke nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, futhi ezihlala kuwo ziningi.