Lezi yizinyoni ezinamaphiko abanzi ezenyuka emifudlaneni yomoya ofudumele okhuphukayo. Ngesikhathi sendiza, ikhanda lidonswa phambili, futhi imilenze, ngokulandelana, emuva. Ziphila impilo yokuhlala phansi ezindaweni eziwugwadule lapho kukhona izihlahla lapho zidlela khona.
Amaqhude amaKluvachi ayizinyoni ezinkulu, ubude bawo buvame ukuba yi-90-100 cm, kanti amaphiko azo acishe abe ngu-150 cm. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, iplamu lincane kakhulu, linezimpaphe ezimnyama. Ezinhlotsheni ze-Old World, uqhwaku luphuzi okhanyayo, isikhumba esingenalutho ekhanda sibomvu noma siphuzi, kanti imilenze ibomvu, imibala yoqhwaku lwaseMelika lubukeka luyi-matte ethe xaxa. Ezinyoni ezincane, umbala awukhanyi kangako, njengomthetho, onsundu xaxa uma uqhathanisa nezihlobo zawo ezindala.
Lezi zingwamza zihamba kancane emanzini angajulile zifuna ukudla, okubandakanya izinhlanzi, amasele nezinambuzane ezinkulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zesimanje zoqhwaku:
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezimbili zezinsalela ziyaziwa, izinsalela zazo ezitholakala e-United States:
- I-Mycteria milleri (Middle Miocene) - wangaphambili Ama-dissourode
- I-Mycteria wetmorei (I-Late Pleistocene)
Amasistimu nokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Uqhwaku oluphuzi lwesigaxa luhlobene eduze nezinye izinhlobo ezi-3 zohlobo I-Mycteria I-American American Beak ( I-Mycteria americana ), bese-Milky Stork ( I-Mycteria cinerea ) nogologo wepende ( I-Mycteria leucocephala ) Kuhlukaniswa njengelungelo le-clyde efanayo evela kulezi ezinye izidalwa ezi-3, ngoba zonke zibonisa i-Homology ephawuleka ngokuziphatha ne-morphology. Kokunye ukuhlola okwenziwe ngohlelo lokuphakelwa kokudla kanye nokuzilungiselela komndeni we-stork, iPhalamende uKahl waveza umthetho ofanayo kuwo wonke amalungu ohlobo I-Mycteria ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo eziningana. Lezi zinhlobo ezine zibizwa ngokuhlangana njengezinhlwathi ezingama-arboreal, okungafanele zididaniswe negama elilodwa elijwayelekile (i-arboreal stork) le-Stork eluhlaza okwenziwe yi-Yellow.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kwatholakala ukuthi ingulube ephuzi yayihlotshaniswa kakhulu nomlomo wasemelika waseMelika, owokuqala wayehlukaniswa njengowalolu hlobo lobuhlobo Ibis , kanye nogolantethe omkhulukazi futhi upendiwe ngudumba. Kodwa-ke, ingwamza ephuzi ephuzi empeleni yaziwa njengengulube yangempela futhi, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlangene ezi-3 zezingwamza, akufanele kubizwa ngokuthi i-ibis.
Incazelo
Lesi isigaxa esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo simi ngama-90-105 cm (35-41 inches). Umzimba umhlophe ngomsila omfushane omnyama ohlanganisa okuluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho kutsha umolt. I-banknothi imnyama ophuzi, ibunjiwe kancane ekugcineni futhi inesiphambano esiyingqayizivele kunezinye izinhlobo zezingulube ngaphandle I-Mycteria . Izimpaphe zingena ekhanda nasentanyeni ngokushesha ngemuva kwamehlo, ubuso nebunzi kumbozwe ngesikhumba obomvu olujulile. Bobabili ubulili buyafana ngokubonakala, kepha owesilisa mkhulu futhi unesibalo esindayo. Abesilisa nabesifazane banesisindo esingama-2.3 kg (amakhilogremu angu-5.1) kanye no-1.9 kg (amakhilogremu angu-4,2), ngokulandelana.
Umbala uya ukhanya ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ipulale lipendiwe ngombala opinki emaphethelweni angamakhasi, bese imilenze evame ukuba nsundu ibuye ibe bomvana okhanyayo, isibalo sijule ngokuphuzi bese ubuso buba bomvu obukhulu.
Amajingijolo anombala onsundu ngombala obuthuntu, ongenalutho, nobuso bewolintshi nokubala okumpunga okukhanyayo. Imilenze nezinyawo zimdaka futhi izimpaphe emzimbeni wonke zinsundu. Ku-plumage, umbala we-orange-pink kule underwings uqala ukukhula futhi ngemuva konyaka owodwa, i-plumage imhlophe grey. Imisila namaphiko nakho kuphenduka mnyama. Kamuva, uphawu lwe-pink coloring lwamapulangwe abantu abadala luqala ukuvela.
Lezi zingwamza zihamba zadlula ngaphesheya kokudlula emhlabeni komoya ongashayi phansi futhi ijubane lazo lokuhamba laliqoshwa ngezitebhisi ezingama-70 ngomzuzu. Zindiza ngemishayo eshintshashintshayo nama-slide, ngejubane lokushintshana kwazo isilinganiso esingu-177 - 205 ukushaywa ngomzuzu. Bona, njengomthetho, benzelwe uhambo olufushane nje futhi bavame ukundiza ngokunyakaza nokuhambahamba ngamakhilomitha amaningi ukuhamba phakathi kwamakoloni esidleke noma ama-perches nokudla. Ngokudlulela kuma-thermals nangokuzulazula, angakwazi ukumboza amabanga amade ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla amaningi. Ngokwesisekelo esisuka ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, lesi sigaxa sibhekeka sishone ngokujula okukhulu ngesivinini esikhulu bese sishwibeka kaningi sisuka ngapha nangapha, sibonisa i-aerobatics ehlaba umxhwele. Ubonakala sengathi uyawajabulela la ma-aerobatics.
Lolu hlobo, njengomthetho, alusilo olwamazwi, kepha lukhipha umsindo wokukhwaza nge-falsetto ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa komphakathi ngenkathi yokuzala. Lezi zinsikazi zibuye zizenze izingoma ezithwala inkokhiso kanye nephiko elizwakalayo “lokukhonkotha” elizwakalayo kumakholoni ama-Chick ukwenza ukubabaza okuzwakalayo okuqhubekayo kokuncenga ukunxenxa umzali osekhulile ukuba adle.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ukhozi oluhlotshiswe ophuzi lwenzeka ikakhulu eMpumalanga Afrika, kepha lubanzi ezindaweni ezisuka eSenegal naseSomalia kuye eSouth Africa nakwezinye izindawo zaseMadagascar eNtshonalanga. Ngenkathi kubhekwa enye yezinhlobo zezinyoni ezihlanganisiwe eMfuleni iTana eKenya, kwatholakala ukuthi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu lapho, ezinabantu abangu-2 000, zibalwa ngokushesha.
Imvamisa ayigudluki kude, okungenani hhayi ukusuka ebangeni layo, kepha, njengomthetho, yenza ukuhamba okufushane okufudukayo okuthonywe yomoya. Kwenza ukunyakaza kwasekhaya eKenya, futhi kutholakele nokuthi kufuduka kusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu yeSudan nenkathi yemvula. Ingahambela njalo isuka eNingizimu Afrika. Kodwa-ke, okuncane empeleni kuyaziwa ngokugeleza okujwayelekile kwale nyoni. Ngenxa yokushintshwa okubonakalayo kwendlela yokufuduka kulo lonke elase-Afrika, ingulube ephuzi ibizwa ngokuthi i-nomad yokuzikhethela. Ingahamba nje ukugwema izindawo lapho amanzi noma izimo zemvula ziphakeme kakhulu noma ziphansi kakhulu ukuba zingondle. Abanye abantu bathuthela amabanga amade phakathi kwezindawo zokudla noma izidleke, ngokuvamile ngosizo lwezinto ezishisayo kanye ne-glide. Abanye abantu bendawo batholwe baphila impilo yokuhlala futhi bahlala ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala unyaka wonke.
Izindawo zakhe azithandayo zifaka ixhaphozi, amachibi angaxutshisi nosilika, imvamisa ayi-10-40 cm ukujula, kepha uvame ukugwema izindawo ezinamahlathi amaphakathi enkabeni ye-Afrika. Kugwema nezindawo ezikhukhuleke nezindawo ezinkulu ezijulile zokugcina amanzi, ngoba izimo zokudla ezikhona azifanelekile izindlela zazo zokuxhumana ezithinta nezindlela zokuvusa.
Lolu hlobo luzalanisa ikakhulukazi eKenya naseTanzania. Yize yaziwa ngokuzalaniswa e-Uganda, izingosi zezidleke azikaze zibhalwe lapho. Kwatholakala ukuthi zizalela naseMalakol yaseSudan futhi imvamisa ngaphakathi kwamadolobha anezakhiwo ezinamandla eNtshonalanga Afrika kusukela eGambia kuya eningizimu yeNigeria. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindawo zokufuya zifaka iZululand eNingizimu Afrika nasenyakatho neBotswana, kepha azijwayelekile ngaphansi kwenyakatho neBotswana neZimbabwe, lapho amasayithi enamanzi amaningi. Yize kungekho bufakazi obuqondile bokuthi kuzalwa kabusha eMadagascar, izinyoni ezincane azikwazi ukundiza zabonwa eduze naseKinkuni ngo-Okthoba.
Ukudla Okondlayo Nokudla
Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane, ezinamanzi acwebile ezingaba ngu-60-100mm ubude kanye nobukhulu obungu-150 g, abaziginya ziphelele. Ziphakela futhi ukudla ama-crustaceans, izibungu, izinambuzane zasemanzini, amasele, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni.
Lolu hlobo lubonakala luthembele kakhulu emqondweni wokuthinta ukuthola nokubamba inyamazane, kunokuba kubonwe. Zondla ngesineke ngamanzi ngama-akhawunti angavuleki ngokwengxenye futhi zihlola amanzi adliwayo. Ukuxhumana kwalomthethosisekelo ngephuzu lokukhishwa kuhambisana nesifinyezo esisheshayo somthethosivivinywa wokushintshaniswa, ngenxa yokuthi inyoni ihlwitha imihlathi yayo, iphakamise ikhanda layo futhi iginye yonke inyamazane. Ijubane lalokhu kukhanya ekuxhumaneni okuseduze komlomo we-American American umlomo ( I-Mycteria americana ) yaqoshwa ngo-25 milliseconds, futhi yize i-reflex ehambisanayo e-stork ephuzi yengulube ingazange ichithwe, indlela yokudla kogwayi oluphuziwe ophuzi ibonakala okungenani ifana ncamashí nomlomo waseMelika waseMelika.
Ngaphezu kokubhidliza izikweletu, uqhwaku olphuzi lwestork lusebenzisa nendlela ehlelekile yokuxubana kwe-paw ukuthola inyamazane evasayo. Ukhahlela bese egcizelela ezansi kwamanzi njengengxenye “yemishini yokudla amadlelo” ukuphoqa umuntu ohlukunyezwe ezitshalweni ezingaphansi nasekuchithekeni inyoni leyo. Le nyoni ikwenza lokhu amahlandla amaningana ngomlenze owodwa ngaphambi kokuyisondeza phambili iphinde iphinde ibuye ngomunye umlenze. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinyamazane ezihlala zisebenza njalo, baphinde babona izinhlanzi ezigcwele emanzini zikhipha izitho zomzimba ezifuywayo.
Uqhwaku ophuzi lwesihlwathi kubhekwa ukulandela ukuhamba kwezingwenya noma izimvubu emanzini bese zidla kuwo, kubukeka sengathi zisebenzisa leli thuba lezi zinto eziphilayo ezigoba umsebenzi wazo. Ukuzondla kuyaqhubeka isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba inyoni ithole izidingo zayo futhi iqhubeke iphumule futhi.
Abazali bondla amawundlu abo ngokuhlikihla izinhlanzi esidlekeni saphansi, ngemuva kwalokho kuthathwe futhi kudliwe ngamachwane. Amancanyana adla kakhulu futhi inkukhu ngayinye ikhulisa isisindo somzimba ukusuka kuma-50 amagremu kuya kuma-600 amagremu ngezinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, le nhlobo ithole igama lesiJalimane elithi "Nimmersatt", elisho ukuthi "alikaze liphelele."
Ukuziphatha kokuzalela
Ukuzalela kungokwesizini futhi kubukeka sengathi kugqugquzelwa yinani lemvula ende esindayo futhi, ngenxa yokugcwala kwezikhukhula zemayini ezingashoni, imvamisa eduze kweLake Victoria. Lesi sikhukhula sihambisana nokukhuphuka kokutholakala kwezinhlanzi, futhi ukuzalwa kabusha kuvumelaniswa ngaleli nani lokutholakala kokudla. Ekubukeni okunjalo ngaseKisumu, incazelo kaKal yale nkomba yayiwukuthi ngenkathi eyomile, izinhlanzi eziningi ezidla inyama ziyaphoqelelwa ukuba zishiya izixhaphozi ezomile, ezinomoya-mpilo ezingakwazi ukuzisekela zibuyele emanzini ajulile eLake Victoria, lapho izingwamza zingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi zihlehla zibuyisa imifudlana ekuqaleni kwemvula bese zisakazeka emaxhaphozini ziye lapho zizalela khona, lapho zitholakala khona njengezinhlwathi. Ngokudlekwa ngalesi sikhathi futhi inqobo nje uma izimvula zingaqedi ukuvuthwa, amantshontsho aqinisekiswa ukutholakala kokudla okuningi kwamachwane awo.
Ukhozi olukhokhiswe ngotshani lungaqala futhi ukuthola izidleke nokuzala ekugcineni kwezimvula ezinde. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi endaweni ebanzi eshisayo, njengoba isilinganiso samanzi sincipha kancane futhi sigxilisa izinhlanzi ngokwanele ukuze izingwamza zizondle. Kodwa-ke, imvula engeyona inkathi edluleyo nayo kubikwe ukuthi ibangela ukuzalaniswa okungekho isikhathi sonyaka enyakatho yeBotswana kanye nasentshonalanga nasempumalanga yeKenya. Izimvula zingadala izikhukhula zasendaweni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izimo ezifanelekileyo zokuphakelwa. Lesi sigaxa kubukeka sengathi sizalela nje lapho izimvula nezikhukhula zasendaweni ziphezulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kubonakala sengathi ziyaguquguquka esimweni saso sokuzalela sesikhashana, esishiyana ngokuya ngesimo semvula ezweni lonke lase-Afrika.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezingwamza, amantshontsho amaduna aphuzi futhi akhetha indawo yokuhlala yezidleke ezihlahleni, emva kwalokho izinsikazi zizama ukusondela kwabesilisa. Uqhwaku lwase-Afrika lunokuphindaphindeka okuphindaphindwe kaningi kokuziphatha kwezithandani komakhelwane kanye nasesidlekeni, okungaholela ekwakhekeni komusi nokukopishwa. Kucatshangwa futhi ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuthandana zithandwa yibo bonke I-Mycteria izinhlobo futhi zikhombise izinga eliphakeme le-homology ngaphakathi kuhlobo I-Mycteria . Ngemuva kokuthi owesilisa eqale ukufakwa endaweni yokuzalanisa nowesifazane bese eqala ukusondela, ukhombisa izimilo ezizikhangisayo naye. Enye yazo ukuboniswa kwahlanzwa, ngenxa yalokho indoda ibeka sengathi isehlisela ngalinye lamaphiko ayo enwetshwe kaningana ohlangothini ngalunye, futhi umthethosivivinywa awusondele eduze kwezimpaphe. Okunye ukubonwa okuqaphelekile phakathi kwabesilisa yi-Swaying-Prut Grasping. Lapha, indoda imi endaweni okungenzeka ukuba idle kuyo futhi incike ekungeneni ukuze iqonde kahle futhi ivumele amagatsha aqamba amanga ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kuhambisana nokudlidliza kwaseceleni kwentamo nasekhanda, futhi uyaqhubeka nokukhetha ezindongeni phakathi kwabo ukunyakaza okunjalo.
Ngokujwayelekile, ukusondela kwabesifazane kukhombisa indlela yabo yokuziphatha ehlukile. Enye yokuziphatha okunjalo yi-Posture Balancing, ngenxa yalokho okuhamba nge-axis evundlile yomzimba namaphiko enwetshiwe abheke kowesilisa, okuhlala indawo yokuhlala izidleke. Kamuva, lapho insikazi iqhubeka ukusondela noma isivele imi eduze kowesilisa osunguliwe, nayo ingabamba iqhaza ku-Gaping. Lapha, umthethosivivinywa uvulwe kancane umphimbo wakhe ukhuphukile, umiswe cishe ngo-45o. futhi kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala sihambisana nokuma kokuma. Lokhu kuziphatha kuvame ukuqhubeka uma owesilisa emukela owesimame futhi amvumele ukuba angene esidlekeni, kepha owesikazi uvame ukuvala amaphiko akhe ngalesi sikhathi. Indoda nayo ingaqhubeka ne-Display-brushed yayo, imi eceleni kwensikazi esidlekeni
Ngesikhathi sokukopishwa, izinyathelo zesilisa ezingemuva kowesifazane kusuka ohlangothini, zifaka imilenze yakhe emahlombe, welula amaphiko akhe ukuzilinganisa futhi, ekugcineni, ugoba imilenze yakhe ukuwa ezisekelweni zokuxhumana, njengoba kunjalo ngezinyoni eziningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, owesifazane welula amaphiko akhe cishe ngokuqondile. Le nqubo ihambisana nomthethosivivinywa wokuqokwa kwendoda njengoba ihlala ivula futhi ivala imihlathi yayo futhi inikine ikhanda ihlabe ukushaya umholo wayo kowesifazane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, owesimame ubamba ama-akhawuntini akhe aqonde ngqo kowesilisa noma amile ngaphansi nge-degrees ezingama-45. Isikhathi sokulinganisa esivamile sale nhlobo sabalwa njengemizuzwana eyi-15,7.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bakha isidleke ndawonye kungaba ezihlahleni ezinde emhlabeni kude nezitha, noma ezihlahleni ezincane ngaphezu kwamanzi. Isakhiwo sezidleke sithatha izinsuku eziyi-10. Isidleke singaba amasentimitha angama-80-100 cm futhi sibe ngama-20-30 cm ubukhulu. Owesifazane uvame ukubeka amaqanda ama-2-4 (ngokuvamile abe ngu-3) zonke ezinye izinsuku bese kuthiwa okuhlanganisiwe okuphakathi kube ngu-2,5. Abesilisa nabesifazane babelana ngomsebenzi wokufaka amaqanda, okuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30. Njengakwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezingwamza, ukuqandeka ku-asynchronous (imvamisa ngezikhathi ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-2), amantshontsho amancanyana ayahlukahluka ngosayizi womzimba nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Ngokuntuleka kokudla, abancane kakhulu basengozini yokukhishwa ekudleni kwabalingani babo abakhulu bokuzala.
Bobabili abazali babelana ngesibopho sokuvikela kanye nokondla abancane kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku ezingama-21. Ngemuva kwalokho, bobabili abazali badla ukuze bahlanganyele ezidingweni ezinkulu zokudla kwaseYang. Kanye nomzali abondla izinhlanzi ezikhafulela, nabazali babebhekwa nokukha amanzi ezimotweni ezivulwe amathole abo, ikakhulukazi ngosuku olushisayo. Lokhu kungasiza isu elijwayelekile lokushisa elincane (elijwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezingwamza) ukuhambisa umchamo phansi imilenze ukuphendula isimo sezulu esishisayo. Amanzi okuvuselela ngaphezulu kwabancane asebenza njengezengezo zamanzi ngaphezu koketshezi ekudleni, ukuze abe namanzi anele okuqhubeka nokuchama phansi imilenze yawo ukugwema hyperventilation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesinye isikhathi abazali basiza ekugcineni ukuthula kwabo okuncane ngokubachofoza ngamaphiko oluliwe.
Imikhaza imvama iphuma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50-55 zokuqandeka bese indiza imuke esidlekeni. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokushiya okokuqala esidlekeni, inzalo ivame ukubuyela lapho iyokondla abazali bayo bese ilala nabo amanye amasonto angama-1-3.Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi abantu ababona abantu abadala ngokuphelele abaneminyaka engaphansi kwemithathu ubudala, futhi, yize bekushoda imininingwane, abantu abadala abasha bebengacabangi ukuze bangazaleli kakhulu emuva kwalokhu.
Amakati nawo abonwa angahlukanga kangako ezindleleni zawo zokudla nokondla abantu abadala. Kokunye ukuhlola, abantu abadala abane ababambe izingwamza ezithunjiwe okwenziwe i-Yellow bakhombise ukubukeka okujwayelekile kokudla nokonyusa izinyawo ngemuva nje kokungeniswa emizimbeni yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izindlela ezinjengalezi zokudla kule zinhlobo zingokwemvelo.
Lezi zinyoni zizalela emiphakathini, imvamisa zihlangene nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa uqhwaku oluphuzi lwesikhumba ngezinye izikhathi luba nje yindawo yokuhlala izidalwa. Indawo engaphansi yabantu abangafika kwabangu-20 ingahlala ndawonye kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yekoloni, abesilisa abaningana abahlala kumasayithi wokudlela bonke endaweni eyodwa. Uma iningi lalawa madoda lingamtholi umlingani, iqembu lonke lihamba nezintokazi ezingalifakile ziye kwesinye isihlahla. Le "side bachelor" iyisici esivelele semikhakha yalolu hlobo futhi, njengomthetho, inabesilisa abangu-12 noma ngaphezulu futhi okungenani nabesifazane abaningi. Izidleke ezingaba ngu-50 zabalwa zonke ngasikhathi sinye endaweni eyodwa yokuzalanisa.
Ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha
Ngaphandle kokuhlangana kwabo ngesikhathi sokuzalela, abantu abaningi bavame ukungazinaki ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuzalela, yize kungenzeka ezinye izingxabano ezinobutha. Eminye yale mihlangano ifaka umuntu oyedwa, ikhombisa ukuhlaselwa okucacile noma ukugwema impendulo uma kunomehluko omkhulu wesimo senhlalo phakathi kwalaba bantu ababili. Kodwa-ke, uma abantu ababili belingana ngokulinganayo, basondela kancane kancane komunye nomunye bakhombise umbukiso obizwa ngokuthi yi-Forward Threat. Lapha, umuntu oyedwa ubamba umzimba wakhe phambili ngokuqondile futhi ubuyisa intamo yakhe ukuze ithinte umqhele, umsila wakhe ukhotwe ngamadigri angama-45, futhi zonke izimpaphe ziqonde. Ufika esitha akhombe amamaki akhe kuye, kwesinye isikhathi ejaha. Uma umphikisi engahlangene, umhlaseli angathumba kuye ama-akhawunti akhe bese ababili bangabeka ngama-akhawunti abo ngamafuphi, kuze kube yilapho umuntu ebuyisa isikhundla esakhiwe ngenqwaba yemfucumfucu.
Ubutha bungenzeka futhi phakathi kobulili obuhlukile lapho owesifazane esondela kowesilisa endaweni engenzeka yesidleke. Bobabili ubulili bungakhombisa izinsongo ezifanayo kulokhu kushiwo ngaphambili, kepha kubuhlungu kuma-akhawunti abo ngemuva kokubamba izingulube nabo kolunye futhi bandise amaphiko abo ukuze balondoloze ibhalansi. Enye into enobutha phakathi kwezitezi. Bopha umbukiso, ngakho-ke ashwibeka ngokuqondile nezikolo zawo, zime ziqonde. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi nangemva nje kokubhanqa, kepha kuyaqhubeka ngokuzungeza umjikelezo wokuzalela, njengoba owesilisa nowesifazane beazana, futhi ekugcineni banyamalale.
Amachwane akhombisa ukuguquka okumangalisayo kokuziphatha eneminyaka eyi-3 yobudala. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala njalo sabazali kuze kube kulesi sikhathi, abantu abasha bakhombisa ukwesaba okuncane noma ulaka ngokuphendula umhlaseli (ngokwesibonelo, umuntu obukeleyo), kepha kuvela ukuthi kumane nje kubambe ongezansi futhi kuthule isidleke. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, lapho bobabili abazali beya kokondla futhi beshiya abasha esidlekeni, iphupho libonisa ukwesaba okukhulu ngokuphendula isivakashi esingamenywanga. Kungenzeka ukuthi izama ukuphuma esidlekeni ukuze igweme noma isebenze ngokhahlo kulowo ongenayo.
Izinsongo nokusinda
Ngaphandle kokuchichima futhi ibanzi, ingwamza ebuphuzi ibonakala ibekezelela ushintsho lwesikhashana esifushane endaweni yalo yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, eMpumalanga Afrika, kuyaziwa ukuthi kusengozini kusuka ekuzingeleni nasekuncishisweni kwendawo yokuhlala, yize kunobuningi kanye nokuqina kwesibalo sabantu futhi kubhalwe ngaphansi Izivumelwano ze-Afro-Eurasian waterfowl (AEWA). Kodwa-ke, inani labantu okwamanje alithathwa njengesongo lokwehla okungathi sína, ikakhulukazi njengoba impumelelo yenzalo iphakeme kakhulu. EMpumalanga Afrika, lapho kuvame kakhulu khona, ama-broods ka-1-3 esidlekeni aqoshwa.
Kanye nemisebenzi yabantu, izitha zemvelo zifaka ingulule, ingwe nebhubesi, okuthi ngezinye izikhathi zonke zizingele lolu hlobo. Amaqanda nawo angaba sengozini yokuqunjelwa yizinhlanzi zokhozi zase-Afrika. Kwelinye ikholoni eKisumu, eKenya, cishe ama-61% amaqanda abaliwe phakathi kwazo zonke izidleke aqanjwa kwathi ama-38% adliwa izinhlanzi zokhozi. Izinga lokuphumelela kwamachwane lingama-0,3 kuphela amathole esidlekeni ngasinye. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokuqokwa kweqanda yizinkozi zezinhlanzi kubikwa kuhlobene nokwehla kwezitokwe zezinhlanzi eWinam Bay.
Isimo
Lolu hlobo lukalwe njengokukhathazeka okuncane ngezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, ukuthambekela kwenani labantu kubukeka sengathi kuyehla, kepha lokhu kwehla akubhekwa njengokusondela ngokushesha emibuthanweni yesibalo sabantu abasengozini. Ububanzi bawo bukhulu kakhulu futhi abulingani umkhawulo wobubanzi obungahle busengozini ngaphansi kwenkundla yobukhulu. Ekugcineni, yize bekungekho zibalo ezisemthethweni zesibalo sabantu, inani labantu laziwa ukuthi likhulu kakhulu ngakho-ke imigoqo yomkhawulo wesibalo sabantu abasengozini ayifanele.
Ukubukeka
Uqhwaku lwaseNdiya (I-Mycteria leucocephala) - inyoni enkulu enobude obungu-95 kuya kuma-105 cm nesisindo sama-2 kuya ku-5 kg. Zinezindebe ezinkulu ezinde eziphuzi namawolintshi afinyelela ku-28 cm ubude nemilenze epinki. I-plumage yalesi sizi imhlophe kakhulu, ngaphandle kwamaphethelo amnyama wamaphiko nemivimbo esifubeni. Izinsikazi nezinsikazi zezindebe zinombala ofanayo, kepha abesilisa bakhulu futhi banezintshebe ezinkulu kakhulu.
Isimo sokusabalalisa nokulondolozwa
Ngokweqiniso, igama lale nyoni lihumusha ngokuthi ugwababa waseNdiya. Uqhwaku lwaseNdiya lusabalele ngokwanele: litholakala eSri Lanka, India, Indochina naseSouthern China. Le nyoni eyivelakancane ebhalwe ku-IUCN Red Book enesimo se "zilwanyana ezisondelene ezisongelwa." Izindondo zezindebe zaseNdiya zihlala eduze kwamachibi, amaswidi kanye namasimu erayisi.
